EP4075061B1 - Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un chauffage - Google Patents

Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4075061B1
EP4075061B1 EP22162975.1A EP22162975A EP4075061B1 EP 4075061 B1 EP4075061 B1 EP 4075061B1 EP 22162975 A EP22162975 A EP 22162975A EP 4075061 B1 EP4075061 B1 EP 4075061B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
relief valve
mixture
pressure relief
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22162975.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4075061A1 (fr
EP4075061C0 (fr
Inventor
Michael Paul
Klaus Richter
Jochen Grabe
Ulrich Demandewicz
Matthias Hopf
Andreas Reinert
Thomas Badenhop
Bodo Oerder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication of EP4075061C0 publication Critical patent/EP4075061C0/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F23D14/825—Preventing flashback or blowback using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10—Flame flashback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/10—Supply line fittings
    • F23K2203/102—Flashback safety, e.g. inertizing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/28—Fail safe preventing flash-back or blow-back

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for reducing the consequences of a flashback in a burner that is operated with a mixture of a fuel gas and air (premix burner), in particular for a heater.
  • Hydrogen as a fuel gas or as an admixture to fuel gases is becoming increasingly important, and great efforts are being made to equip new or existing heating devices to operate with it. This is not just about large systems, but also about wall-mounted devices for heating water and generally about heating devices for heating buildings and/or providing warm water. Burners for such purposes often have a burner body made of perforated sheet metal and can be designed as so-called flat or cylinder burners. Round holes are usually used, but elongated slots and other shapes of holes are also possible. The dimensions of the holes as well as their number/area unit and arrangement influence the flame stability during combustion in a combustion chamber as well as combustion hygiene (completeness of combustion and production of pollutants).
  • the flame does not burn on or just above a burner surface, but instead migrates into the perforated plate and the fuel gas-air mixture (hereinafter also referred to simply as a mixture) is already unintentionally on the Inside of the perforated plate ignited.
  • the fuel gas-air mixture hereinafter also referred to simply as a mixture
  • flashback The risk of such back-ignition, known as flashback, is particularly great if the flame speed of the respective fuel gas-air mixture is higher than the outflow speed at the burner holes/slots. This is especially true when using pure hydrogen as fuel gas or fuel gas with a hydrogen content of e.g. B. 10% or more is the case.
  • DE 10 2019 101 329 A1 concerns the regulation of the mixing ratio of combustion air and fuel gas in a hot water device or a heater.
  • Devices and a method are specified which enable precise control of the mixing ratio of combustion air to fuel gas (lambda value) by means of non-invasive measurement, even for different compositions of the fuel gas, in particular when hydrogen is added. This is made possible with an optical filter and optical sensor present on or in the housing.
  • DE 1 238 412 B discloses various configurations of a safety device for preventing the formation of gas mixtures and for stopping explosions in fuel gas lines, consisting of the safety elements flame arrester, gas backflow valve and pressure relief valve.
  • the gas backflow valve is designed in such a way that it can shut off the gas flow in any direction of flow and the pressure relief valve is held in its open position after it opens suddenly. This ensures that if the gas-carrying hoses are destroyed, further gas supply is immediately interrupted.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems mentioned with reference to the prior art.
  • constructive ones should be Measures must be taken on and/or in the mixture path to reduce the consequences of a flashback and thus help to avoid damage to components of the mixture path and/or blower.
  • An arrangement contributes to this by reducing the consequences of a flashback of a flame into a mixture path of a premix burner in a heater, which can be operated with a mixture of fuel gas and air, with a pressure relief valve being arranged in the mixture path between a burner body and a fan, which is so (dimensioned and) set so that it is (always) closed during normal operation of the premix burner.
  • the heater in particular a condensing boiler, can be operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel gas.
  • the mixture path has a branch at which mixture from the fan can flow in laterally from a fan branch, but a pressure wave running in the opposite direction essentially or predominantly (only) reaches the pressure relief valve.
  • a branching which in terms of flow technology produces only small losses in normal operation, has completely different properties for a returning pressure wave than for the normal flow of the mixture. In this way, the effect of the pressure wave on the pressure relief valve can be increased and its response can be accelerated. Accordingly, a subsequent flame front can also be guided past the fan branch.
  • the pressure relief valve has little influence on normal operation, but opens in the event of overpressure due to a pressure wave, such as can be triggered by a flashback.
  • the pressure relief valve is preferably arranged and/or designed in such a way that it can be directly hit by a pressure wave triggered by a flashback and (thereby automatically) opened. Direct means here in particular that there are no deflections or installations between the point of origin of a pressure wave (burner body) and the pressure relief valve.
  • the pressure relief valve is (directly) opposite an inlet of the mixture path into the burner body, whereby it is hit frontally, for example, by a pressure wave emanating from the burner body and can respond very quickly. A subsequent flame front can then run through the open pressure relief valve.
  • the pressure relief valve can open to an outlet area behind it, which is either fireproof and pressure-resistant or pressure-equalizing. It is possible for the outlet area to be at least partially fireproof, pressure-resistant and pressure-equalizing.
  • the run-out area will generally not be the open environment, but rather a closed and/or protected area in which there are no flammable materials or materials that can be changed by expected high temperatures. The larger the volume of the compensation area, the faster the pressure is reduced.
  • the pressure reduction can be supported by suitable installations, in particular metallic sieves, perforated sheets, offset walls and the like. These also lead to a rapid reduction in the gas temperature.
  • the branch itself and/or the blower branch are shaped in such a way that a pressure wave from the burner body can essentially or predominantly run past the blower branch to the pressure relief valve.
  • a confluence angle of the fan branch that is suitable for the respective space conditions can contribute to this.
  • a narrowing of the fan branch near the branch also increases the speed of the mixture there during normal operation, which reduces the likelihood of the mixture in the fan branch igniting when a flame front passes by.
  • Opening the pressure relief valve can therefore practically always end combustion in the mixture path. Since temporarily, even when the pressure relief valve closes again, no combustible mixture (but only combustion gases) flows to the burner, the flame in the combustion chamber usually goes out, which can be detected by a flame monitor and leads to the fuel supply being switched off if the flame has not already flashed back was detected in another way.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic of part of a heater with a pressure relief valve in the mixture path.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically parts of a heater 1, in particular a condensing boiler, which can be operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel gas.
  • the heater 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with a housing 10 in which a flame 13 burns during operation, the heat of which is dissipated by a heat exchanger 12.
  • the flame 13 is generated by a premix burner 16, which is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 and has a burner body 3 with holes 4 (or differently shaped openings, e.g. slots).
  • a mixture of air and fuel gas is supplied to the burner body 3 through an inlet 11.
  • the inlet 11 is often designed as a kind of door in the housing 10, in which the burner body 3 is attached.
  • the mixture is guided by a fan 7 via a mixture path 5 to the burner body 3.
  • the blower is usually attached to a blower flange 9 with a blower outlet 8.
  • a mixture flow 14 (indicated by light arrows) through the mixture path 5 from the fan 7 to the burner body 3.
  • the entire mixture contained in the burner body 3 ignites practically explosively and initially generates a pressure wave opposite the mixture flow 14 (their Direction 15 is indicated with dark arrows) followed by a flame front which, without countermeasures, would run through the entire mixture path 5 and then also reach the blower 7 and could possibly damage it due to an increase in pressure and/or temperature.
  • the mixture path 5 is specially designed with a branch 18, at which a blower branch 19 opens into a substantially straight connection between the inlet 11 and a pressure relief valve 6.
  • the pressure relief valve 6 can be opened by a pressure wave to a fireproof and pressure-absorbing or balancing outlet area 17. The opening takes place so quickly and for such a long time that the subsequent flame front runs out and the flame goes out (and thus also the flame 13 in the combustion chamber 2 ).
  • the branch 18 it can be achieved that the pressure wave practically does not get into the blower branch 19 and damages existing components or the blower 7.
  • the pressure relief valve 6 thus primarily ensures that a pressure wave triggered by a flashback cannot cause damage to the blower 7. However, it generally also means that flames in the mixture path 5 go out and combustion cannot continue there until the fuel gas supply is switched off.
  • the present invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the consequences of a flame flashback using simple and robust means and, in particular, to protect a fan 7 from it and to ensure that the flames 13 are quickly extinguished.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour d'une flamme (13) dans une voie de mélange (5) d'un brûleur à prémélange (16) d'un chauffage (1) qui peut fonctionner avec un mélange d'hydrogène ou un gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène comme gaz combustible et d'air, le dispositif comprenant :
    - un brûleur à prémélange (16),
    - une voie de mélange (5) du brûleur à prémélange (16),
    - un corps de brûleur (3) du brûleur à prémélange (16),
    - un ventilateur (7),
    - une soupape de sûreté (6),
    dans lequel la soupape de sûreté (6) est disposée dans la voie de mélange (5) entre le corps de brûleur (3) et le ventilateur (7) et est réglée de telle manière qu'elle est fermée en fonctionnement normal du brûleur à prémélange (16),
    caractérisé en ce que
    la voie de mélange (5) présente une ramification (18), au niveau de laquelle le mélange peut s'écouler latéralement par le ventilateur (7) à partir d'une branche de ventilateur (19), mais une onde de pression en sens inverse atteint la soupape de sûreté (6).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la soupape de sûreté (6) est disposée et conçue de telle manière qu'elle peut être directement touchée et ouverte par une onde de pression déclenchée par un retour.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la soupape de sûreté (6) est située en face d'une entrée (11) de la voie de mélange (5) dans le corps de brûleur (3).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans lequel aucun dispositif de renvoi ni d'élément encastré ne se trouve entre le lieu d'origine de l'onde de pression, c'est-à-dire le brûleur à prémélange (16), et la soupape de sûreté (6).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la soupape de sûreté (6) peut s'ouvrir vers une zone de sortie (17) située derrière, qui est soit ignifuge et résistante à la pression, soit régule la pression.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente 5, dans lequel la zone de sortie (17) régule la pression et est une zone fermée et/ou protégée.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente 6, dans lequel ladite zone de sortie (17) présente pour la diminution de pression des éléments encastrés appropriés, en particulier des tamis métalliques, des tôles perforées, des parois décalées, des structures labyrinthiques.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins la ramification (18) ou la branche de ventilateur (19) est formée de telle manière qu'une onde de pression du corps de brûleur (3) peut sensiblement passer au-delà de la branche de ventilateur (19) jusqu'à la soupape de sûreté (6).
  9. Chauffage (1) avec un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le chauffage (1) est une chaudière à condensation qui est configurée pour le fonctionnement avec de l'hydrogène ou du gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène.
EP22162975.1A 2021-04-01 2022-03-18 Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un chauffage Active EP4075061B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021108383.4A DE102021108383A1 (de) 2021-04-01 2021-04-01 Anordnung zur Verminderung der Folgen eines Flammenrückschlages in einen Vormisch-Brenner eines Heizgerätes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4075061A1 EP4075061A1 (fr) 2022-10-19
EP4075061B1 true EP4075061B1 (fr) 2023-10-25
EP4075061C0 EP4075061C0 (fr) 2023-10-25

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EP22162975.1A Active EP4075061B1 (fr) 2021-04-01 2022-03-18 Dispositif de diminution des conséquences d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémélange d'un chauffage

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EP (1) EP4075061B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021108383A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1238412B (de) 1963-03-19 1967-04-13 Witt Paul Fa Sicherheitseinrichtung zur Verhuetung von Gasgemischbildungen und zum Aufhalten von Explosionen in Brenngasleitungen
DE102019101329A1 (de) 2019-01-18 2020-07-23 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Mischungsverhältnisses von Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas bei einem Verbrennungsprozess

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EP4075061A1 (fr) 2022-10-19
DE102021108383A1 (de) 2022-10-06
EP4075061C0 (fr) 2023-10-25

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