EP4073182A1 - Tinte auf der basis von silbernanopartikeln - Google Patents

Tinte auf der basis von silbernanopartikeln

Info

Publication number
EP4073182A1
EP4073182A1 EP20807407.0A EP20807407A EP4073182A1 EP 4073182 A1 EP4073182 A1 EP 4073182A1 EP 20807407 A EP20807407 A EP 20807407A EP 4073182 A1 EP4073182 A1 EP 4073182A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
ink
less
silver
ink according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20807407.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Corinne VERSINI
Stéphanie LIMAGE
Alexandre KAUFFMANN
Virginie EL QACEMI
Louis-Dominique KAUFFMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Genesink SA
Original Assignee
Genesink SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Genesink SA filed Critical Genesink SA
Publication of EP4073182A1 publication Critical patent/EP4073182A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/40—Glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/033—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the solvent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/14—Printing inks based on carbohydrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
    • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
    • C09D11/322—Pigment inks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
    • H01L31/0745—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells
    • H01L31/0747—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells comprising a heterojunction of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer or HIT® solar cells; solar cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/0806—Silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/085—Copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/0862—Nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ink formulations based on silver nanoparticles and metal oxides.
  • the present invention relates to ink formulations based on nanoparticles of silver and metal oxides, said inks being stable, with improved conductivity and making it possible to advantageously form electrodes and / or conductive traces in particular.
  • suitable for photovoltaic cells for example on a glass and / or silicon substrate.
  • conductive pastes to form metallic contacts on the surface of substrates such as silicon is well known.
  • Such substrates can be used in photovoltaic cells (or solar cells) which convert solar energy into electrical energy.
  • Crystalline silicon solar cells can be coated with an anti-reflective coating to promote adsorption of light, which theoretically increases the efficiency of the cell while generating another problem as this anti-reflective coating also acts as an insulator; in general, the solar cells are thus covered with this antireflection coating before the application of conductive paste.
  • anti-reflective coatings can be used but in principle they include silicon nitride and / or titanium oxide and / or silicon oxide.
  • conductive traces are therefore printed on a substrate which is then fired at a high temperature but nevertheless below the melting point of silver and the eutectic point of silver and silicon.
  • this conductive trace must, to be effective, penetrate the anti-reflective coating to form the necessary metal contacts with the substrate.
  • the present invention relates to the field of inks based on conductive nanoparticles suitable for screen printing and / or coating.
  • the inks based on conductive nanoparticles according to the present invention can be printed on all types of supports.
  • the following supports may be cited by way of example: polymers and polymer derivatives, composite materials, organic materials, inorganic materials and, in particular, silicon, glass and / or the antireflection intermediate layer as defined and described below. .
  • inks based on conductive nanoparticles according to the present invention have many advantages, among which we will cite by way of nonlimiting examples:
  • the present invention also relates to an improved method of preparing said inks; finally, the present invention also relates to the use of said inks in the field of screen printing and / or coating ("coating").
  • Nanoparticles have a very high surface / volume ratio and the substitution of their surface by surfactants leads to a change in certain properties, in particular optical properties, and the possibility of dispersing them.
  • Nanoparticles are used when at least one of the dimensions of the particle is less than or equal to 250 nm. Nanoparticles can be beads (from 1 to 250 nm), rods (L ⁇ 200 to 300 nm), threads (a few hundred nanometers or even a few microns), disks, stars, pyramids, tetrapods, cubes or crystals when they do not have a predefined shape.
  • chemical vapor deposition also known as “Chemical Vapor Deposition - CVD" when a substrate is exposed to volatilized chemical precursors which react or decompose on its surface. This process generally leads to the formation of nanoparticles whose morphology depends on the conditions used;
  • Physical syntheses consume more raw materials with significant losses. They generally require time and high temperatures which make them unattractive for switching to industrial scale production. This makes them unsuitable for certain substrates, for example flexible substrates.
  • the syntheses are carried out directly on the substrates in frames of reduced dimensions. These production methods turn out to be relatively rigid and do not make it possible to produce on substrates of large dimensions; they may however be perfectly suitable for the production of the silver nanoparticles used in the ink formulations according to the present invention.
  • Chemical syntheses have many advantages. The first is to work in solution, the conductive nanoparticles thus obtained are already dispersed in a solvent, which facilitates storage and use.
  • the nanoparticles are not attached to a substrate at the end of the synthesis, which gives more latitude in their use. This opens the way to the use of substrates of different sizes and of different natures. These methods also allow better control of the raw materials involved and limit losses.
  • a good adjustment of the synthesis parameters leads to a good control of the synthesis and the growth kinetics of the conductive nanoparticles. This makes it possible to guarantee good reproducibility between batches as well as good control of the final morphology of the nanoparticles.
  • the ability to produce nanoparticles in large quantities quickly and chemically while certainly guaranteeing flexibility to the product makes it possible to envisage production on an industrial scale. Obtaining dispersed conductive nanoparticles opens up many perspectives for their customization.
  • the present invention aims to overcome one or more drawbacks of the prior art by providing this ink suitable for the field of screen printing and / or coating ("coating"), said ink comprising:
  • metal oxides are selected from glass frits of size less than micron and of a composition comprising more than 50% by weight of silicon oxide,
  • one or more of the following compounds a. a cellulose compound as a rheology modifier, b. metallic silver and / or copper and / or nickel microparticles, and / or c. a dispersing agent, the sum of these optional compounds representing less than 30% by weight of the ink, and said ink being characterized in that the sum of the aforementioned compounds constitutes at least 90% by weight of the ink, preferably at least 95% by weight of the ink, for example at least 99% by weight of the ink.
  • the silver nanoparticles of the claimed ink have a size which is between 1 and 250 nm, preferably between 10 and 250 nm, preferably between 30 and 150 nm.
  • the size distribution of the silver nanoparticles as mentioned in the present invention can be measured by any suitable method.
  • it can be advantageously measured according to the following method: use of a Nanosizer S type device from Malvern with the following characteristics:
  • D50 is the diameter at which 50% of the number silver nanoparticles are smaller. This value is considered representative of the average grain size.
  • the silver nanoparticles are of spheroidal and / or spherical shape.
  • spheroidal in shape means that the shape resembles that of a sphere but is not perfectly round (“quasi-spherical”), for example an ellipsoidal shape.
  • the shape and size of the nanoparticles can advantageously be identified by means of photographs taken by a microscope, in particular by means of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) type device in accordance with the indications described below. The measurements are performed using a Thermofisher Scientific Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) device with the following characteristics:
  • the dimensional measurements are carried out on the TEM images using the Digital Micrograph software, and
  • An average is carried out on a number of particles representative of the majority of the particles, for example 20 particles, which makes it possible to establish an average area, an average perimeter, and / or an average diameter of the nanoparticles.
  • the nanoparticles are spheroidal and are preferably characterized by means of this TEM identification by an average nanoparticle area of between 1 and 20 nm2, preferably between 5 and 15 nm2, and / or by an average nanoparticle perimeter of between 3 and 20 nm, preferably between 5 and 15 nm, and / or an average nanoparticle diameter of between 0.5 and 7 nm, preferably between 1 and 5 nm.
  • the silver nanoparticles are in the form of beads, rods (of length L ⁇ 200 to 300 nm), of wires (of length L of a few hundred nanometers or even a few microns), cubes, platelets or crystals when they do not have a predefined shape.
  • the silver nanoparticles have been synthesized beforehand by physical synthesis or synthesis. chemical. Any physical or chemical synthesis can be used in the context of the present invention.
  • the silver nanoparticles are obtained by a chemical synthesis which uses as silver precursor an organic or inorganic silver salt.
  • an organic or inorganic silver salt By way of nonlimiting example, mention will be made of silver acetate, silver nitrate, silver carbonate, silver phosphate, silver trifluorate, silver chloride, perchlorate of 'silver, alone or in a mixture.
  • the precursor is silver nitrate and / or silver acetate.
  • the silver nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical synthesis, by reduction of the silver precursor by means of a reducing agent in the presence of a dispersing agent; this reduction can take place in the absence or presence of a solvent.
  • the nanoparticles which are used according to the present invention are characterized by values of D50 which are preferably between 1 and 250 nm whatever their mode of synthesis (physical or chemical); they are also preferably characterized by a monodisperse (homogeneous) distribution without aggregate. D50 values of between 30 and 150 nm for spheroidal silver nanoparticles can also be advantageously used.
  • the content of silver nanoparticles as mentioned in the present invention can be measured according to any appropriate measure.
  • it can be advantageously measured according to the following method:
  • the inks according to the present invention therefore comprise metal oxides which are selected from glass frits of size less than one micron and of a composition comprising more than 50% by weight of silicon oxide
  • the glass frit used in the conductive ink according to the present invention comprises more than 50% by weight of SiO2, for example more than 75% by weight of SiO2.
  • boron an example of a glass frit composition which can advantageously be used in the context of the present invention comprises a mixture of Si0 2, Bi 2 0 3, Al 2 0 3 and ZnO which represents at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, eg 99% by weight of the glass frit composition.
  • the glass frit compositions according to the present invention can also tolerate including other components such as, for example, Bi 2 O 3 , ZnO, Al203, Ag20, Sb203, Ge02, In203, P205, V205, Nb205 and Ta205; and / or alkali and / or alkaline earth metal oxides such as Na20, Li20 and / or K20 and BaO, CaO, MgO and / or SrO, respectively.
  • other components such as, for example, Bi 2 O 3 , ZnO, Al203, Ag20, Sb203, Ge02, In203, P205, V205, Nb205 and Ta205; and / or alkali and / or alkaline earth metal oxides such as Na20, Li20 and / or K20 and BaO, CaO, MgO and / or SrO, respectively.
  • the glass frit composition does not contain intentionally added lead or boron; in such embodiments, the term "intentionally added lead free and / or boron free” means a glass frit having an amount of lead less than about 1000 ppm and / or an amount of boron less than about 1000 PPm.
  • the glass frit content as mentioned in the present invention can be measured according to any suitable measurement. For example, the same method as that used for silver nanoparticles will be used. According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the total content of frits in the ink is between 0.1% and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.2% and 2% by weight relative to the ink. .
  • the size of the glass frits and therefore of the metal oxides as mentioned in the present invention can be measured according to any suitable method.
  • the same method as that used for the silver nanoparticles will be used.
  • the size of the glass frits and therefore of the metal oxides constituting them will advantageously be between 5 and 250 nm.
  • Values of D50 of between 5 and 50 nm for spheroidal particles can advantageously be used.
  • Glass frits having (according to the TEM measurement described above) an average area of between 1 and 20 nm2, preferably between 5 and 15 nm2, and / or an average perimeter of between 3 and 20 nm, preferably between 5 and 15 nm, and / or an average diameter of between 0.5 and 7 nm, preferably between 1 and 5 nm, could also advantageously be used in the context of the present invention.
  • Monohydric alcohols having a boiling point above 150 ° C
  • the inks according to the present invention therefore comprise monohydric alcohol having a boiling point above 150 ° C; for example 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol and / or terpene alcohol.
  • the inks according to the present invention preferably comprise a terpene alcohol selected from menthol, nerol, cineol, lavandulol, myrcenol, terpineol (alpha-, beta-, gamma-terpineol, and / or terpinen-4-ol; preferably, l 'alpha-terpineol), isoborneol, citronellol, linalool, borneol, geraniol, and / or a mixture of two or more of said alcohols.
  • the inks according to the present invention therefore comprise a polyol and / or a polyol ether.
  • the polyol and / or polyol ether is preferably characterized by a boiling point below 260 ° C.
  • glycols for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1, 3-Butylene glycol, 1,2-Butylene glycol, 2,3-Butylene glycol, Pentamethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ...), and / or ethers of glycols (for example mono- or di-ethers of glycols among which we will cite by way of example ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether , propylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol propyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether (but
  • the inks according to the present invention therefore optionally comprise a rheology modifying agent which is advantageously selected from cellulose compounds.
  • a rheology modifying agent which is advantageously selected from cellulose compounds.
  • the claimed ink comprises the cellulose compound in a content greater than 0.5% by weight, for example greater than 1% by weight; however, its content in the ink will preferably be maintained at less than 5% by weight, or even less than 2% by weight.
  • the inks according to the present invention therefore optionally include metallic microparticles of silver, copper and / or nickel.
  • These microparticles can have the shape of a sphere, of a flake and / or of filaments, and preferably have a size of less than 15 ⁇ m, for example less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 5 ⁇ m.
  • Microparticles having (according to the TEM measurement described above) an average area of between 1 and 25 ⁇ m2, preferably between 5 and 15 ⁇ m2, and / or an average perimeter of between 3 and 20 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 and 15. ⁇ m, and / or an average diameter of between 1 and 7 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 and 5 ⁇ m, could also advantageously be used in the context of the present invention.
  • the metallic microparticles can be composed of silver, or a mixture of copper-silver, or a mixture of nickel-silver.
  • these microparticles can have a copper core and a silver shell, or else a nickel core and a silver shell.
  • the metal which composes the core will for example represent between 85 and 95% by weight of the total composition of the microparticle.
  • the claimed ink comprises these microparticles in a content greater than 5% by weight, for example greater than 10% by weight; however, their content in the ink will preferably be maintained at less than 25% by weight, or even less than 20% by weight.
  • the inks according to the present invention therefore optionally comprise dispersing agents, for example organic dispersing agents which preferably comprise at least one carbon atom.
  • organic dispersing agents can also comprise one or more non-metallic heteroatoms such as a halogenated compound, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon.
  • non-metallic heteroatoms such as a halogenated compound, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon.
  • thiols and their derivatives for example amino alcohols and ethers of amino alcohols
  • carboxylic acids and their carboxylate derivatives and / or mixtures thereof.
  • the claimed ink comprises these dispersing agents in a content greater than 0.1% by weight, for example greater than 0.5% by weight; however, their content in the ink will preferably be maintained at less than 3% by weight, or even less than 2% by weight.
  • the claimed ink will also be able to tolerate the presence of other compounds in its formulation. However, it is preferable to limit their content to less than 10% by weight, for example less than 5% by weight, less than 1% by weight of the ink.
  • the monohydric alcohol is preferably selected from alcohols with a linear or branched aliphatic radical, for example an alcohol having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • antioxidants include:
  • E311 - octyl (E311) or dodecyl (E312) gallates; - sodium (E325), potassium (E326) or calcium (E327) lactates;
  • the viscosity of the ink measured at a shear rate of 40 s -1 and at 20 ° C according to the present invention is generally between 1000 and 100,000 mPa.s, preferably between 5,000 and 50,000 mPa.s, for example example between 10,000 and 40,000 mPa.s.
  • the viscosity can be measured by any suitable method.
  • it can be advantageously measured according to the following method:
  • the ink can also integrate into its composition other compounds among which we will cite by way of example additives (for example, an additive of the silane family) including
  • additives for example, an additive of the silane family
  • the objective is to improve the resistance to different types of mechanical stress, for example the adhesion to many substrates.
  • the inks based on conductive nanoparticles according to the present invention can be printed on all types of supports.
  • the following supports may be cited by way of example: polymers and polymer derivatives, composite materials, organic materials, inorganic materials, and, in particular, silicon, glass, ITO glass, AZO glass, SiN glass and / or the layer anti-reflective intermediate as defined and described below.
  • the substrates can advantageously be used in solar cells or photovoltaic cells which convert solar energy into electrical energy when photons in sunlight excite electrons on semiconductors from the valence band to the conduction band. The electrons flowing to the conduction band are collected by the metal contacts.
  • a photovoltaic cell consists of a stack of layers having different functions: an active layer, made up of electron donor and acceptor materials, positive and negative electrodes, and additional layers (anti-reflection, higher doping, etc.) to improve cell performance.
  • the active layer is composed of mono- or multicrystalline silicon, above which is deposited an anti-reflection layer based on silicon nitride SiN or hydrogenated silicon nitride SiNx: H.
  • the electrodes they are generally made of aluminum on the back side and silver on the front side.
  • the manufacturing steps for this type of cell are as follows: texturization of the silicon layer by chemical etching, then formation of the donate / acceptor junction (phosphorus diffusion then plasma etching to open the junction and eliminate short circuits). Then, the deposition of the anti-reflection layer takes place by deposition PECVD. Finally, the metallization of the cell consists of a deposition by screen printing of a full layer of aluminum on the rear face and a silver grid on the front face. Annealing of the contacts is generally carried out by passing through an oven with, in particular, a so-called “firing” step at very high temperature at 700-800 ° C.
  • heterojunction solar cells These cells differ from the classics described above in many ways.
  • the active layer is made up of several layers of crystalline and amorphous silicon with different dopings.
  • the metallization is also different since it consists of a deposit by screen printing of a silver grid on the front and rear face.
  • the preparation of the ink based on nanoparticles according to the present invention is characterized by the following steps:
  • the ink thus obtained can be used directly or else diluted in order to obtain the desired properties.
  • the conductive ink is printed on the surface of the substrate or on the antireflection intermediate layer (itself adhered to the substrate) by screen printing or coating.
  • the assembly is advantageously heated to a temperature below 250 ° C. to form the conductive lines.
  • the thermal process allows the glass frit to melt and penetrate the anti-reflective interlayer in order to contact the substrate.
  • the conductive species form crystallites at the interface of the conductors and the substrate, which improves the electrical or ohmic contact between the conductors and the semiconductor substrate.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of an ink as claimed in screen printing or coating ("coating") to form conductive lines during the manufacture of heterojunction solar cells; this use of an ink is also advantageously characterized in that the formation of the conductive lines comprises a heat treatment at a temperature below 250 ° C.
  • An ink formulation has been prepared in accordance with the present invention which comprises:
  • This formulation has a viscosity of 30,000 mPa.s measured at a shear rate of 40 s -1 .
EP20807407.0A 2019-12-11 2020-11-19 Tinte auf der basis von silbernanopartikeln Pending EP4073182A1 (de)

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FR1914183A FR3104600B1 (fr) 2019-12-11 2019-12-11 Encre à base de nanoparticules d’argent
PCT/EP2020/082643 WO2021115750A1 (fr) 2019-12-11 2020-11-19 Encre à base de nanoparticules d'argent

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KR (1) KR20230009353A (de)
CN (1) CN114846093A (de)
BR (1) BR112022011173A2 (de)
CA (1) CA3160175A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3104600B1 (de)
IL (1) IL293709A (de)
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TWI399759B (zh) * 2006-06-30 2013-06-21 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 形成太陽電池之電極用組成物及該電極之形成方法以及使用依該形成方法所得電極之太陽電池
EP2474004B1 (de) * 2009-09-04 2015-02-25 Basf Se Zusammensetzung zum drucken von elektroden
ES2438745T3 (es) * 2009-09-04 2014-01-20 Basf Se Composición para la impresión de circuitos impresos así como un procedimiento para la fabricación de células solares
SG189537A1 (en) * 2010-10-28 2013-06-28 Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc Solar cell metallizations containing metal additive
KR101260956B1 (ko) * 2011-02-25 2013-05-06 한화케미칼 주식회사 오프셋 또는 리버스­오프셋 인쇄용 전도성 잉크 조성물
KR20140098922A (ko) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-11 엘에스전선 주식회사 전도성 잉크 조성물 및 이로부터 전극을 형성하는 방법
WO2016099562A1 (en) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-23 Plant Pv, Inc Silver nanoparticle based composite solar metallization paste
CN107750267A (zh) * 2015-05-20 2018-03-02 基因油墨股份有限公司 包含银纳米颗粒的油墨
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WO2021115750A1 (fr) 2021-06-17
FR3104600B1 (fr) 2022-04-22
FR3104600A1 (fr) 2021-06-18
IL293709A (en) 2022-08-01
US20220389257A1 (en) 2022-12-08
TW202122509A (zh) 2021-06-16
KR20230009353A (ko) 2023-01-17
CN114846093A (zh) 2022-08-02
CA3160175A1 (fr) 2021-06-17
BR112022011173A2 (pt) 2022-08-23
JP2023505495A (ja) 2023-02-09

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