EP4028160A1 - Verbessertes verfahren zur katalysierten hydroisomerisierung von kohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents
Verbessertes verfahren zur katalysierten hydroisomerisierung von kohlenwasserstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4028160A1 EP4028160A1 EP20768548.8A EP20768548A EP4028160A1 EP 4028160 A1 EP4028160 A1 EP 4028160A1 EP 20768548 A EP20768548 A EP 20768548A EP 4028160 A1 EP4028160 A1 EP 4028160A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- reactor
- zone
- hydroisomerization
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/009—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping in combination with chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/041—Mesoporous materials having base exchange properties, e.g. Si/Al-MCM-41
- B01J29/042—Mesoporous materials having base exchange properties, e.g. Si/Al-MCM-41 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/043—Noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
- C07C5/2767—Changing the number of side-chains
- C07C5/277—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/2775—Catalytic processes with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
- C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/62—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
- C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/64—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
- C10G65/043—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a change in the structural skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/42—Platinum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- C07C2529/068—Noble metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arrangement of several successive layers of catalysts in a reactor for the hydroisomerization of hydrocarbons and a process for the hydroisomerization of hydrocarbons and the use of this arrangement for the hydroisomerization of hydrocarbons.
- the catalytic hydroisomerization is an important process step for the utilization of carbon-containing resources into products like fuels and fuels or basic chemicals of the chemical and petrochemical industry.
- Sources for the carbon or the corresponding hydrocarbons are coal tar, distillates and condensates from the coking of coal, natural gas, associated crude oil, crude oil, biomass, garbage and especially plastic waste.
- sources still contain compounds with heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
- sulfur compounds and other heteroatom compounds are desulfurized by hydroconversion, e.g. on NiMo, CoMo or NiW catalysts.
- bond cleavage (cracking) or rearrangement reactions (isomerization) of the hydrocarbon compounds are possible under hydrogenating conditions.
- the purpose of this further conversion is e.g. to adjust a boiling range (hydrocracking) or the viscosity (dewaxing, also called dewaxing).
- Bifunctional catalysts for the purposes of the present inven tion are supported catalysts whose supports in the form of extrudates, spheres, tablets or other aggregates have an additional catalytic activity in addition to the catalytic activity of a metal component, which th by admixing further components or using one already active uniform carrier material than can be generated.
- these are solid-state compounds with acidic or basic properties such as zeolites, hydrotalcites, active mixed oxides in the broadest sense, but also ionic liquids or complex compounds.
- the isomerization of light gasoline fractions is an important large-scale process which, among other things, is an essential step in increasing the so-called knock resistance of gasoline in order to prevent uncontrolled auto-ignition of the fuel in the engine.
- the proportion of boiling fractions in the gasoline area in a refinery can be increased up to 50% by mass.
- the basic load to achieve the necessary knock resistance for straight-run light gasoline flows is primarily borne by the operation of the catalytic reformers.
- the knock resistance of the lighter fractions (Cs and C & ) are increased through isomerization. Isomerization is usually the very last tool to additionally optimize the gasoline yield even in very complex refineries. Thanks to the availability of additional hydrogen from steam reforming, the interplay between catalytic reformer and isomerization can now be more and more coordinated with a focus on knock resistance, steam pressure and economic efficiency.
- Hidalgo et al. discloses various processes for hydroisomerization in which the reaction fluid is passed into a reactor containing a hydroisomerization catalyst.
- the bifunctionally catalyzed hydroisomerization is an equilibrium reaction, the direction of reaction to the desired isoalkanes at lower temperatures being preferred. Since under the reaction conditions and in the presence of the catalyst for the hydro isomerization, the byproducts present in the reaction fluid are also converted into exothermic reactions, this increases the reaction temperature, which reduces the selectivity to the desired iso-alkanes. In addition, due to the catalytic composition of the by-products for the desired hydroisomerization, fewer free catalytic centers are available, which also has a disadvantageous effect on the selectivity to the desired iso-alkanes.
- Native light gasoline fractions can contain up to 5% by weight of aromatics such as benzene and toluene. These can be hydrogenated under the process conditions, which causes an additional temperature increase inside the reactor and adversely shifts the equilibrium. The same applies to the presence of mercaptans.
- the presence of organic nitrogen compounds, especially amines, has two effects on the catalytic activity of a hydro isomerization catalyst.
- the amine is converted to ammonia, which is a reaction that competes with the desired initiation of isomerization.
- these compounds are of a basic nature and there is an interaction with the acidic centers and thus a massive reduction in the activity of the catalyst.
- the conversion of the amines into ammonia reduces the passivating effect because the basicity of ammonia is significantly lower than that of amines.
- One object of this invention relates to an arrangement of at least two successive layers of catalysts in a reactor for the hydroisomerization of hydrocarbons.
- Other objects relate to a process for hydroisomerization of hydrocarbons and the use of the arrangement for hydroisomerization of hydrocarbons.
- the first upstream catalyst zone is selected in such a way that hydrogenation of the material flow takes place in it primarily.
- a catalyst which brings about hydroisomerization of the product stream is selected as the catalyst of the second, downstream layer.
- An upstream layer in the context of the present invention is understood to mean that layer through which the reaction fluid is first passed, while the downstream layer is to be understood as that layer through which the reaction fluid is then passed.
- the reactor is an adiabatically operated reactor.
- operated adiabatically means that the conditions inside the reactor are adiabatic or almost adiabatic.
- a reactor in the context of the present invention can be a single reactor housing.
- the reactor can consist of several reactor housings arranged one behind the other.
- the catalyst layers can either be located in the same reactor housing or they are separate from one another in reactor housings arranged one behind the other.
- inert materials can be positioned above, between and / or below the catalyst layers. These can be present as fixed reactor internals or as beds of inert material. These layers can serve to achieve a better distribution of the components of the reaction fluid in the reactor, or to prevent catalyst material filled into the reactor from falling out of it. In a preferred embodiment, the inert material is located below the second catalyst zone.
- Aluminum oxide, ceramics, burnt silicon dioxide or fireclay are preferred as the inert material.
- a reactor (10) contains a catalyst zone (11) arranged upstream and, below it, a further catalyst zone (12) following downstream.
- inert materials (13) are also present both above the upstream catalyst layer and the downstream catalyst layer.
- the reaction fluid is introduced into the reactor (11) from above (14) and discharged again at the lower end (15).
- One or more further catalyst zones can be present behind the catalyst zone arranged downstream or the layer of inert material arranged optionally behind it.
- this further catalyst zone can comprise a catalyst for hydrodesulfurization in order to remove existing sulfur impurities.
- the catalyst of the first layer consists of a porous carrier on which a noble metal component is applied. This is usually in metallic form.
- the noble metal component is selected from one of the elements Au, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, or mixtures thereof.
- the noble metal component is usually applied by immersing the porous carrier in a noble metal-containing solution, by spraying on a noble metal-containing solution or suspension or by so-called incipient wetness impregnation of a noble metal-containing solution.
- the noble metal content of this catalyst can be in a range from 0.05 to 5.0% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 4.0% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.1 to 3.0% by weight, based on the Weight of the catalyst after loss on ignition at 900 ° C.
- the porous support of the catalyst in the first layer is usually a material selected from the list of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon-aluminum oxides, ceramic, metal foams and temperature-resistant polymers.
- the carrier has only slightly acidic or slightly basic properties. Such a carrier has largely no cleavage and isomerization activity.
- the number of acidic centers determined by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 4 -TPD), is below 100 pmol / g, preferably below 50 pmol / g.
- 1-2 g of the sample in the form of a particle size fraction of 200-400 ⁇ m are heated to 550 ° C. under a stream of He, then cooled to 110 ° C.
- Roessner et al. can be a carrier with weak basic properties based on its ability to convert 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol into acetone or acetylene.
- 20 mg of the sample are placed in a fixed bed reactor and heated under a stream of nitrogen at 350 ° C. for 4 h. The sample is then cooled to 120 ° C.
- a gas stream consisting of 95% by volume of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol and 5% by volume of toluene is passed through the reactor.
- the total selectivity to acetone and acetylene can be calculated based on the analysis of the gas flow after the reactor by means of gas chromatography. If this total selectivity has a value of less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, it is a weakly basic carrier in the context of the present invention.
- the carrier has a pore volume, determined by means of Hg porosimetry according to DIN 66133, of at least 100 mm 3 / g, preferably at least 200 mm 3 / g and very preferably at least 300 mm 3 / g.
- the carrier has a pore volume, determined by means of Hg porosimetry according to DIN 66133, of at most 800 mm 3 / g, preferably of at most 500 mm 3 / g.
- the carrier has a pore volume in the range from 100 to 800 mm 3 / g, preferably in the range from 200 to 500 mm 3 / g.
- the support of this catalyst can be produced by extrusion, tabletting, sphericalization, pelleting, injection molding or 3D printing.
- the catalyst for the second, downstream layer is a bifunctional catalyst consisting of a porous acidic or basic carrier and a noble metal component.
- the noble metal component is selected from one of the elements Au, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, Re or mixtures thereof.
- the noble metal component is usually applied by immersing the porous carrier in a noble metal-containing solution, by spraying on a noble metal-containing solution or suspension or by so-called incipient wetness impregnation of a noble metal-containing solution.
- the carrier for this catalyst consists of an acidic or basic active component and a binder.
- Preferred binders are aluminum oxide, such as pseudoboehmite, boehmite or corundum, silicon oxide, amorphous aluminosilicate, or clays such as bentonite, or mixtures thereof.
- Preferred active components are zeolites, chlorinated aluminum oxide, tungstated zirconium dioxide or sulfonized zirconium dioxide or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable zeolites are those with the following framework structure: ETR, VFI, AET, SFH, SFN, AFI, AFR, AFS, AFY, ATO, BEA, BEC, BOG, CON, DFO, EMT, EON, EZT, FAU, IFR, ISV , IWR, IWV, IWW, LTL, MAZ, MEI, MOR, MOZ, MTW, OFF, SFE, SFO, SSY, AEL, AFO, EUO, FER, HEU, LAU, MEL, MFI, MFS, MTT, MWW, NES , SFF, SFG, STF, STI, SZR, TER, TON or ERI.
- the zeolite preferably has one of the following framework structures: AFI, BEA, BOG, CON, EMT, EON, FAU, IWW, MAZ, MFI, MOR, MTW, OFF, SFE, SFO, SSY, AEL, EUO, FER, HEU, MEL, MFI, MTT, MWW, NES, STI, TON or ERI.
- the zeolite particularly preferably has one of the following framework structures: AFI, BEA, EMT, FAU, MFI, MOR, MTW, AEL, EUO, FER, HEU, MEL, MFI, MTT, MWW, NES, TON or ERI.
- the catalyst of the second catalyst layer comprises tungstenized zirconium oxide or sulfated zirconium oxide as the active component and is promoted with a transition element or rare earth element.
- the support of this catalyst can be produced by extrusion, tabletting, sphericalization, pelleting, injection molding or rapid prototyping processes.
- the second catalyst has an immobilized acid or ionic liquid on the support.
- the acidic or basic active component is incorporated into a permeable polymer matrix for producing a membrane. This enables use in a membrane reactor after the noble metal component has been applied to the porous carrier.
- the active component can be applied in the form of a washcoat to honeycombs, structured metal foils or fillers.
- the packing can be placed randomly or structured in a column. This means that after the noble metal component has been applied, it can be used in a reactive distillation or in a microstructure reactor.
- Another object of the invention relates to a process for the catalytic hydroisomerization of hydrocarbon mixtures in the presence of aromatics, olefins, sulfur-containing organic compounds, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide or carbon disulfide or mixtures thereof, using the arrangement according to the invention, wherein the procedure includes the following steps:
- the first catalyst zone being arranged upstream and the second catalyst zone being arranged downstream, and the catalyst of the first catalyst zone being a supported noble metal-containing catalyst for hydrogenation of the reaction fluid and the catalyst of the second catalyst zone being a bifunctional supported one Is a noble metal catalyst, the carrier of which has acidic or basic properties, for the isomerization of the reaction fluid after it has passed through the first catalyst zone,
- the inlet temperature is the temperature which the hydrocarbon mixture has on entry into the reactor. This is usually in the range from 220 to 320.degree. C., preferably in the range from 220 to 260.degree. C., particularly preferably in the range from 230 to 250.degree. C., most preferably in the range from 235 to 245.degree.
- the exit temperature is the temperature which the product stream has after leaving the reactor. This is usually in the range from 240 to 340 ° C., preferably in the range from 240 to 300 ° C., particularly preferably in the range from 250 to 300 ° C., even more preferably in the range from 255 to 295 ° C., most preferably in the range of 265 to 295 ° C.
- the reaction fluid introduced into the reactor comprises C4 + hydrocarbons, ie hydrocarbons with at least 4 C atoms in the structure.
- the reaction fluid is a light gasoline fraction.
- a light gasoline fraction to be a mixture of C4-C8 hydrocarbons, that is to say hydrocarbons with at least 4 carbon atoms to a maximum of 8 carbon atoms.
- Light petrol is usually characterized by an initial boiling point of at least 20 ° C and an end boiling point of at most 95 ° C, measured in accordance with ASTM D86.
- the reaction fluid is a kerosene fraction.
- the reaction fluid is a mixture of hydrocarbons with an initial boiling point of 50.degree. C. and an average boiling temperature of at most 200.degree.
- the reaction fluid is a diesel fraction.
- the hydrocarbon mixture entering the reactor can contain impurities and by-products in addition to the hydrocarbons to be hydroisomerized.
- the sulfur content is up to 10,000 ppm, preferably up to 5000 ppm, particularly preferably up to 1000 ppm, more preferably from 50 to 1000 ppm. In one embodiment, the sulfur content is in the range from 100 to 10,000 ppm, preferably in the range from 500 to 5000 ppm, particularly preferably in the range from 500 to 1000 ppm.
- the nitrogen content in the hydrocarbon mixture is usually in the range from 1 to 100 ppm, preferably in the range from 5 to 10 ppm.
- the proportion of aromatics in the hydrocarbon mixture is usually up to 7%, in particular up to 5%, and is preferably in the range from 1 to 5%.
- the impurities and by-products are hydrogenated in the first catalyst zone, and the hydrocarbons are hydroisomerized in the second catalyst zone.
- the product stream discharged from the reactor can also contain by-products and unconverted hydrocarbons.
- the process is a process for the hydroisomerization of aromatics into alkylated methylcyclopentanes.
- a change in the boiling curve and density of the reaction fluid introduced into the reactor is brought about by cleavage reactions or rearrangement reactions.
- the process can be carried out in a reactor housing or in separate reactor housings arranged one behind the other.
- the min least two catalyst zones are located.
- the catalyst layers can be in the same reactor housing, or they are separate from one another in reactor housings arranged one behind the other.
- the at least two catalyst zones are located in separate columns or separated as packings in a single distillation plant for reactive distillation in front.
- the packing elements can be placed in the distillation plant either randomly or in a structured manner.
- the at least two catalyst layers are present separately in a microstructured reactor or in separate microstructured reactors.
- the at least two catalyst layers are in the form of a catalytically active membrane in a membrane reactor.
- layers of inert materials are additionally positioned above, between and / or below the catalyst layers. These can be built in as fixed reactor components or in the form of beds of inert material. These layers can serve to achieve a better distribution of the components of the reaction fluid in the reactor, or to prevent catalyst material filled into the reactor from falling out of it.
- the inert material is located below the second catalyst zone.
- Aluminum oxide, ceramics, burnt silicon dioxide or fireclay are preferred as the inert material.
- one or more further catalyst zones are also present behind the downstream catalyst zone or the layer of inert material arranged optionally behind it.
- this further catalyst zone can comprise a catalyst for hydrodesulfurization in order to remove existing sulfur impurities.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of the catalyst arrangement according to the invention for the catalytic hydro isomerization of hydrocarbon mixtures in the presence of aromatics, olefins, sulfur-containing organic compounds, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide or carbon disulfide or mixtures thereof.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an arrangement of the catalysts were in a reactor
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a flow apparatus for carrying out a process according to the invention for the hydroisomerization of hydrocarbons
- the determination of the loss on ignition in the context of the present invention was carried out in accordance with DIN 51081 by determining the weight of approximately 1-2 g of a sample of the material to be analyzed, then heating it to 900 ° C. under a room atmosphere and at this temperature for 3 h was stored. The sample was then cooled in a protective atmosphere and the remaining weight was measured. The difference between the weight before and after the thermal treatment corresponds to the loss on ignition.
- FIG. 2 An experimental apparatus as described in FIG. 2 was used to carry out the comparative examples and examples according to the invention.
- the structure was chosen in such a way that the reactor behaves almost adiabatically.
- the reactor (20) was dimensioned so that it could accommodate a total catalyst volume of at least 2500 cm 3.
- it was designed in such a way that it could be operated at an operating pressure of 15 to 30 bar overpressure.
- Nitrogen (22) was used purely for flushing the system so that no explosive air, hydrogen or air Hydrocarbon mixtures could arise.
- the feed oil (23) was placed in a cooled container (24) resting on a balance (25) and pumped into the cross-flow micro heat exchanger I (28) together with the hydrogen (27) by means of a pump (26).
- the cross-flow micro heat exchanger (28) was chosen so that a hydrogen flow in the pressure range given above from 1.5 kg / h to 400 ° C could be heated (min 5 kW).
- the pipes to the reactor (20) were heated by means of temperature control by a so-called temperature indicator and controller TIC (29) in such a way that the desired reactor inlet temperature was maintained.
- a thermocouple (30) was located at the reactor outlet to determine the reactor outlet temperature.
- a back pressure control valve was used to set the operating pressure
- the sample loop circuit allowed a constant connection of a pipe connection to the cross-flow micro heat exchanger II (35).
- the reaction fluid was cooled to at least -10 ° C by means of temperature control (36) in order to collect an integral sample for further characterization in the liquid sample container (37), which also rested on a scale (38) to determine a mass balance.
- the escaping gas was fed to an exhaust pipe (39), the mass flow being determined with a mass flow meter FI (flow indicator) (40).
- the reactor was -5000 with 1,790 g of a commercially available zeolite-containing catalyst HYSOPAR ® in extrudate form with an average diameter of 1.6 mm and a Pt content of 0.35% by weight of filled Clariant.
- the catalyst bed was positioned on an aluminum oxide bed consisting of tablets with dimensions 4.75 ⁇ 4.75 mm.
- the reactor inlet temperature was initially increased to 150 ° C. over a period of three hours under a hydrogen gas flow of 1000 Nm 3 / h against ambient pressure. This temperature was then maintained for a further three hours. This was followed by a constant increase in the reactor inlet temperature to 300 ° C. over a period of eight hours. This temperature was then maintained for a further three hours.
- the reactor inlet temperature was reduced to 200 ° C with a constant cooling rate of 1 K / min and the hydrogen flow rate was adjusted to 905 Nm 3 / h against 20 bar atmospheric pressure.
- the olefin-free feed oil A was fed in at a mass flow rate of 2.628 kg / h and the temperature at the reactor inlet was increased from 200 ° C. to a first target temperature. After this temperature had been reached, these conditions were not changed for a period of three hours and the temperature at the reactor inlet was then increased by a desired temperature. The number of possible gas chromatographic analyzes was determined over the necessary time for the separation. Usually three smugglers were possible within three hours. Comparative example 2
- the reactor was filled with 1432 g of a commercially available zeolite-containing catalyst HYSOPAR ® -5000 in extrudate form with a mean diameter of 1.6 mm and a Pt content of 0.35 Pt from Clariant.
- this catalyst bed another bed is additionally composed of 250 kg of catalyst of the type HYSO- PAR ® -1000 in the form of a porous, weakly acidic alumina and charged with a Pt content of 0.30% by weight.
- the bed of the catalyst HYSOPAR ® -5000 was positioned on an aluminum oxide bed made of tablets with dimensions 4.75 ⁇ 4.75 mm.
- test example 1 The implementation and test conditions corresponded to those of test example 1; the olefin-free feed oil A was also used.
- the reactor was filled with 1432 g of a commercially available zeolite-containing catalyst HYSOPAR ® -5000 in extrudate form with a mean diameter of 1.6 mm and a Pt content of 0.35% by weight from Clariant Lich another bed consisting of 250 kg catalyst HYSOPAR ® -1000 in the form of a porous, weakly acidic aluminum oxide and with a Pt content of 0.30% by weight from Clariant was filled.
- the bed of the catalyst HYSOPAR ® -5000 was positioned on an aluminum oxide bed of tablets with dimensions 4.75 ⁇ 4.75 mm.
- the implementation and test conditions corresponded to those of comparative example 1, only the olefin-containing feed oil B was used.
- the reactor was filled with 1432 g of a commercially available zeolite-containing catalyst HYSOPAR ® -5000 in extrudate form with an average diameter of 1.6 mm and a Pt content of 0.25% by weight from Clariant.
- HYSOPAR ® -5000 On this catalyst bed Lich another bed of 250 kg catalyst HYSOPAR ® -1000 in the form of a porous, weakly acidic aluminum oxide and with a Pt content of 0.30% by weight from Clariant was filled.
- the bed of the catalyst HYSOPAR ® -5000 was positioned on an aluminum oxide bed of tablets measuring 4.75 ⁇ 4.75 mm.
- Table 3 summarizes the results from the analysis of the liquid products that were generated at different temperatures in the reactor. The results show that in the case of the examples according to the invention, higher yields were achieved even at lower inlet temperatures than in the case of the comparative examples. In addition, a smaller amount of cost-intensive platinum was required overall for this result.
- Table 3 Summary of the temperatures at the reactor and the essential properties of the product streams obtained from Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 to 3 according to the invention:
- the reactor was -7000 with 860 g of a commercially available zeolite-containing catalyst HYSOPAR ® in extrudate form with a medium- sized diameter of 1.6 mm and a Pt content of 0.25 -Gewichts- filled% of Clariant.
- this catalyst bed another bed of 900 g of catalyst HYSOPAR ® from Clariant was additionally -1000 in a porous form, and weakly acidic alumina having a Pt content of 0.30% by weight was charged.
- the bed of the catalyst HYSOPAR ® -5000 was positioned on an aluminum oxide bed of tablets measuring 4.75 ⁇ 4.75 mm.
- the procedure corresponded to that of Comparative Example 1, only the hydrogen flow rate was set to 839 Nm 3 / h against 30 bar atmospheric overpressure and a benzene-containing feed oil C with the following composition and properties was used:
- Feed oil C 94% by weight n-hexane and 6% by weight benzene
- Table 4 summarizes the results from the analysis of the liquid products that were generated in two test implementations A and B at different reactor inlet temperatures.
- Table 4 Summary of the temperatures at the reactor and the essential properties of the product streams obtained from Example 4 The data from Table 4 shows that the arrangement according to the invention enables the inlet temperature to be reduced while at the same time improving the yield and increasing the RON.
- Example 5 The catalyst and the procedure corresponded to those of Example 4, only a feed oil D with the following composition and properties was used.
- Feed oil D kerosene fraction with a density of 0.7691 kg / dm 3
- Table 6 summarizes the results from the analysis of the liquid product streams that were generated in test implementations A, B and C at different reactor inlet temperatures. Table 6: Summary of the temperatures at the reactor and the essential properties of the product streams obtained from Example 5
- Table 6 shows that the FRP can be reduced with the arrangement according to the invention. It also shows that the yield of C4 + hydrocarbons can be increased if the process is carried out at a lower inlet temperature.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019124731.4A DE102019124731A1 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2019-09-13 | Verbessertes verfahren zur katalysierten hydroisomerisierung von kohlenwasserstoffen |
| PCT/EP2020/074823 WO2021048026A1 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2020-09-04 | Verbessertes verfahren zur katalysierten hydroisomerisierung von kohlenwasserstoffen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4028160A1 true EP4028160A1 (de) | 2022-07-20 |
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ID=72432884
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20768548.8A Withdrawn EP4028160A1 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2020-09-04 | Verbessertes verfahren zur katalysierten hydroisomerisierung von kohlenwasserstoffen |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220305476A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4028160A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2022545876A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114364453A (de) |
| AR (1) | AR119838A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3151114C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019124731A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TWI793444B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021048026A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (28)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5004859A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-04-02 | Uop | Catalyst for the isomerization of alkanes |
| FR2744458B1 (fr) | 1996-02-05 | 1998-03-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'isomerisation de paraffines par distillation reactive |
| US5885439A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-03-23 | Uop Llc | Catalytic reforming process with multiple zones |
| US6284104B1 (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 2001-09-04 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Apparatus and process for hydrogenations |
| JP3113912B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-12-04 | 工業技術院長 | 芳香族炭化水素又は芳香族炭化水素を含む炭化水素に含まれる芳香族炭化水素の水素化異性化処理方法及びその水素化異性化処理方法に使用される触媒 |
| KR100754582B1 (ko) * | 2000-05-02 | 2007-09-05 | 엑손모빌 리서치 앤드 엔지니어링 컴퍼니 | 와이드 커트 피셔-트롭시 디젤 연료 |
| FR2850393B1 (fr) * | 2003-01-27 | 2005-03-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de charges issues du procede fischer-tropsch |
| JP4213062B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-05 | 2009-01-21 | 株式会社ジャパンエナジー | 環境対応型クリーンガソリンおよびその製造方法 |
| US7384538B2 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2008-06-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Catalyst combination for the hydroisomerization of waxy feeds at low pressure |
| SG10201800494XA (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2018-03-28 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | Hydroprocessing methods for bulk group viii/group vib metal catalysts |
| CN101397230B (zh) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-10-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种c5和/或c6烷烃异构化方法 |
| US9169450B2 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2015-10-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method of upgrading heavy hydrocarbon streams to jet and diesel products |
| US8747656B2 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2014-06-10 | Velocys, Inc. | Process and apparatus employing microchannel process technology |
| US20100312030A1 (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2010-12-09 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Process of synthesis gas conversion to liquid fuels using synthesis gas conversion catalyst and noble metal-promoted acidic zeolite hydrocracking-hydroisomerization catalyst |
| CA2779015C (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2016-10-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Two stage hydroprocessing with divided wall column fractionator |
| US8617387B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-12-31 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Catalytic processes and systems for base oil production from light feedstock |
| US8475648B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-07-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Catalytic processes and systems for base oil production from heavy feedstock |
| US8790507B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2014-07-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Catalytic processes and systems for base oil production using zeolite SSZ-32x |
| US8519011B2 (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2013-08-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process of synthesis gas conversion to liquid hydrocarbon mixtures using alternating layers of synthesis gas conversion catalyst, hydrocracking and hydroisomerization catalyst |
| GB201304799D0 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-05-01 | Invista North America Sarl | Pentenenitrile isomerization |
| FR2999596B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-11-13 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables en bases de combustibles marins |
| EA031082B1 (ru) * | 2013-10-31 | 2018-11-30 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Способ конверсии парафинового сырья |
| EP3371137B1 (de) * | 2015-11-04 | 2021-08-04 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Umwandlungs-system und -verfahren mit befeuerten rohr |
| JP6740104B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-17 | 2020-08-12 | 花王株式会社 | フィルム状触媒 |
| FR3054454B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-26 | 2020-04-10 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Catalyseur comprenant une zeolithe izm-2 ayant un rapport molaire si/al optimise pour l'isomerisation de coupes c8 aromatiques |
| CN110662822A (zh) * | 2017-06-07 | 2020-01-07 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | 从原油生产柴油和基础油 |
| US11873455B2 (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2024-01-16 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process having improved base oil yield |
| US11987757B2 (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2024-05-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Processes for producing diesel from unconventional feedstocks |
-
2019
- 2019-09-13 DE DE102019124731.4A patent/DE102019124731A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2020
- 2020-08-26 AR ARP200102406A patent/AR119838A1/es unknown
- 2020-09-01 TW TW109129864A patent/TWI793444B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2020-09-04 EP EP20768548.8A patent/EP4028160A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-09-04 WO PCT/EP2020/074823 patent/WO2021048026A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-09-04 US US17/641,491 patent/US20220305476A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-09-04 JP JP2022510995A patent/JP2022545876A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2020-09-04 CN CN202080063755.XA patent/CN114364453A/zh active Pending
- 2020-09-04 CA CA3151114A patent/CA3151114C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202128276A (zh) | 2021-08-01 |
| DE102019124731A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 |
| TWI793444B (zh) | 2023-02-21 |
| CN114364453A (zh) | 2022-04-15 |
| CA3151114C (en) | 2023-12-12 |
| AR119838A1 (es) | 2022-01-12 |
| WO2021048026A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 |
| JP2022545876A (ja) | 2022-11-01 |
| CA3151114A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| US20220305476A1 (en) | 2022-09-29 |
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