EP4014007B1 - Pénétrateur, son utilisation et projectile avec pénétrateur - Google Patents

Pénétrateur, son utilisation et projectile avec pénétrateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4014007B1
EP4014007B1 EP20733766.8A EP20733766A EP4014007B1 EP 4014007 B1 EP4014007 B1 EP 4014007B1 EP 20733766 A EP20733766 A EP 20733766A EP 4014007 B1 EP4014007 B1 EP 4014007B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
penetrator
outer body
core
section
hollow cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20733766.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4014007A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Berg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Publication of EP4014007A1 publication Critical patent/EP4014007A1/fr
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Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
    • F42B12/625—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile a single submissile arranged in a carrier missile for being launched or accelerated coaxially; Coaxial tandem arrangement of missiles which are active in the target one after the other

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a penetrator for a projectile with a tail unit.
  • the penetrator comprises at least one outer body, wherein the cross section of the outer body perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the outer body is a hollow cross section.
  • the invention relates to the use of such a penetrator for combating an armoured target with a reactive pre-module.
  • the invention relates to a projectile with a sabot and a tail assembly, wherein the projectile comprises such a penetrator.
  • a penetrator is a sub-caliber projectile that achieves its effect through kinetic energy. Such projectiles are usually fired directly at a target by tanks or artillery weapons with large-caliber tube weapons.
  • Modern target systems (protection systems) of Russian tanks consist of a heavy main target and reactive pre-modules (ERA - Explosive Reactive Armour).
  • reactive pre-modules generally consist of several inclined steel plates that are accelerated with the help of energetic intermediate layers (explosive foil) when they hit the penetrator.
  • the plates of the pre-module interact with the penetrator.
  • Previous penetrators are often designed as one-piece solid penetrators and have a homogeneous body. Such penetrators are, for example, made of DE 199 48 710 A1 and the DE 40 28 409 A1 known.
  • These known penetrators are optimized against semi-infinite inert targets.
  • Semi-infinite targets in this context are targets that extend "infinitely" in one direction from a vertical surface. In practice, these are armor plates sufficient width and depth so that the impacting penetrator is not influenced by the free surface.
  • the optimization consists in massive penetrators being longer and slimmer and the length-to-diameter ratio being larger than before. However, this is accompanied by a reduction in bending stiffness, so that these penetrators are bent when they hit a pre-module and are deflected from their trajectory by the pre-modules. Penetration into the main target is no longer possible.
  • penetrators which have an outer body which has a hollow cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the outer body.
  • Such penetrators are known, for example, from the document DE 197 00 349 C1 known and have a core that is not effective in terms of terminal ballistics and serves as an expansion medium for the outer body.
  • These penetrators are used to achieve a large fragmentation effect. This can be used, for example, to create a breach in the wall of a building or a wall, or to effectively attack soft targets in a lightly or unarmored vehicle.
  • such penetrators are not very effective against the armor of modern battle tanks.
  • DE 197 52 102 A1 discloses an armor-piercing projectile with an elongated body, the body having an elongated tube made of terminal ballistic material.
  • the tube contains a material that is intended to accelerate the surrounding material under the jolt of the armor penetration.
  • US 5 275 109 A discloses a long penetrator made of a high-density metal, which has a central axial recess or several eccentric axial recesses in order to be able to increase the length of the penetrator by saving mass.
  • the disadvantage of the known penetrators is that they are not suitable for penetrating an armoured target with reactive pre-modules.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a penetrator which has improved penetration power even against armoured targets with armour with reactive pre-modules.
  • a penetrator for a projectile with a tail unit comprising at least one terminal ballistic outer body for combating an armored target, in particular a tank with reactive armor.
  • the cross section of the outer body is a hollow cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the outer body.
  • the outer body of the penetrator has an increased flexural rigidity compared to a series penetrator, such as the applicant's DM53 or DM63, with a solid outer body and the same outer body cross-sectional area, without the weight of the penetrator having to be increased compared to the series penetrator.
  • Terminal ballistic effect in the sense of the invention means that a terminal ballistic effect capable of destroying the target is achieved by a terminal ballistic effect element.
  • the area moment of inertia of the outer body of a penetrator according to the invention is increased compared to previous penetrators without increasing the weight of the penetrator and without reducing the kinetic energy introduced into the main target.
  • a solution to the conflict of objectives described above is created by increasing the area moment of inertia while maintaining the weight, which makes it possible to create a penetrator that is particularly rigid compared to previous targets and is also effective in the main target.
  • the invention provides a use of such a penetrator, or one further developed as described below, for combating an armoured target with a reactive pre-module.
  • a projectile with a sabot and a tail unit is created, wherein the projectile comprises such a penetrator, or a penetrator developed as described below.
  • the hollow cross-section of the outer body has an area A and an area moment of inertia of the hollow cross-section is increased compared to a solid cross-section with at least the same area, so that the outer body has an increased bending stiffness due to the increased area moment of inertia.
  • an area moment of inertia of the penetrator is increased compared to a series penetrator by at least 10%, preferably at least 25%, further preferably 40%, in particular more than 60%, further in particular 90%, with the same or reduced weight.
  • the area moment of inertia is also increased.
  • the outer body can have an area moment of inertia of more than 20,000 mm 4 , preferably more than 40,000 mm 4 , further preferably more than 60,000 mm 4 , in particular more than 80,000 mm 4 , and an E-modulus that is greater than 300,000 N/mm 2 .
  • the hollow cross-section extends over at least 70% of the length of the outer body.
  • the penetrator has a single terminal ballistic core arranged in the outer body, wherein the core has a lower density than the outer body.
  • the ratio of the density of the outer body to the density of the core is preferably less than 2.7.
  • the core and outer body are connected to each other in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.
  • the mass of the penetrator is less than 7 kg, preferably less than 6 kg and the mass of the penetrator can be adjusted by the mass of the core.
  • the invention provides that the position of the center of gravity of the penetrator in relation to its longitudinal axis can be adjusted by the mass and the position of the core.
  • the flexural rigidity of the outer body is increased by at least 25%, preferably 50%, further preferably by at least 75%, in particular by at least 90%, wherein the increase relates to existing series penetrators (see above).
  • the hollow cross-section of the outer body is annular, trapezoidal or polygonal.
  • the core can be made of a high-strength material, in particular a tungsten heavy metal sintered material or a high-strength steel.
  • the outer body can be made of tungsten heavy metal.
  • Tungsten heavy metals for example, are defined in the material standard ASTM B777-07.
  • the outer body and the core can be designed in such a way that they have no or only a negligible fragmentation effect when they hit a target.
  • the core has an E-modulus of more than 70,000 N/mm 2 , preferably of more than 170,000 N/mm 2 , further preferably of more than 200,000 N/mm 2 , in particular of more than 300,000 N/mm 2 .
  • the core can have a flexurally stiffening effect on the outer body.
  • the core also has a bending-stiffening effect on the penetrator.
  • the bending stiffness of the penetrator is thus increased both by increasing the bending stiffness of the outer body and by forming a bending-stiff core.
  • the density of the core is preferably at least 7.80 g/cm 3 .
  • Fig.1 shows a schematic sectional view of a series penetrator, i.e. a penetrator 10, according to the state of the art.
  • the penetrator 10 is solid.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the Pentrator 10 according to Fig.1 along the line II. As can be seen from the sectional view, the penetrator 10 has no cavities, but is formed as a solid one-piece.
  • Fig.3 shows a schematic sectional view of an outer body 13 of a penetrator 10 according to the invention.
  • the penetrator 10 is designed for a projectile 1 with a tail unit 3. Such a projectile 1 is in Fig.3
  • the penetrator 10 has at least one terminal ballistic outer body 11 for combating an armored target, in particular a tank with reactive armor.
  • the cross section of the outer body 11 is a hollow cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis L of the outer body 11.
  • This cross section of the outer body 11 is along the line II - II in Fig.4 shown.
  • the hollow cross-section of the outer body 11 has an area A and an area moment of inertia of the hollow cross-section is increased compared to a solid cross-section with at least the same area.
  • the outer body 11 therefore has an increased bending stiffness due to the increased area moment of inertia.
  • the hollow cross-section of the outer body 11 is ring-shaped. However, it can also be a trapezoidal or polygonal hollow cross-section.
  • the bending stiffness of the outer body of the penetrator according to the invention depends essentially on two parameters, namely the area moment of inertia and the elastic modulus.
  • the outer body 11 of the penetrator 10 has an area moment of inertia of more than 20,000 mm 4 , preferably more than 40,000 mm 4 , further preferably more than 60,000 mm 4 , in particular more than 80,000 mm 4 , and the elastic modulus is greater than 300,000 N/mm 2 .
  • a tungsten heavy metal is preferably used as the material for the outer body 11 of the penetrator 10.
  • the hollow cross-section extends over at least 70% of the length of the outer body 11 of the penetrator 10. According to Fig.4 the hollow cross-section is arranged over the entire cylindrical or almost cylindrical region of the outer body 11.
  • Fig.5 shows a schematic sectional view of an outer body 11 and a core 13 of a penetrator 10 according to the invention.
  • a core 13 is arranged in the outer body 11 of the penetrator 10.
  • Fig.6 shows a schematic sectional view of the Pentrator 10 according to Fig.5 along the line III - III.
  • the penetrator 10 has a terminal ballistic core 13 arranged in the outer body 11.
  • the core 13 has a bending-stiffening effect on the outer body 11.
  • the outer body 11 and the core are connected to one another in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.
  • the core 13 is formed, for example, from a high-strength material, in particular a tungsten heavy metal sintered material or a high-strength steel.
  • the density of the outer body 11 is higher than the density of the core 13.
  • the ratio of the density of the outer body 11 to the density of the core 13 is preferably less than 2.7.
  • the core 13 has a lower density than the outer body 11.
  • the core 13 has an E-modulus of more than 70,000 N/mm 2 , preferably more than 170,000 N/mm 2 , preferably more than 200,000 N/mm 2 , in particular more than 300,000 N/mm 2 .
  • the core 13 extends only over a part of the length of the cavity 12 within the outer body 11.
  • the position of the center of gravity of the penetrator 10 can be adjusted with respect to its longitudinal axis L. This is done on the one hand by the position of the core 13 within the outer body 11 and on the other hand by its mass.
  • the core 13 may fill the entire cavity 12 of the outer body 11. This embodiment is outside the scope of the claims.
  • the mass of the penetrator 10 is less than 7 kg, preferably less than 6 kg.
  • the mass of a penetrator 10 can be adjusted by the mass of the core 13 without the need to adjust the outer body 11.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Pénétrateur (10) pour un projectile (1) avec un empennage (3), dans lequel le pénétrateur (10) comprend au moins un corps extérieur (11) à effet ballistique terminal pour combattre une cible blindée, en particulier un char avec un blindage réactif, dans lequel la section transversale du corps extérieur (11) perpendiculaire à un axe longitudinal (L) du corps extérieur (11) est une section transversale creuse, dans lequel la section transversale creuse s'étend sur au moins 70 % de la longueur du corps extérieur (11), caractérisé en ce que le pénétrateur (10) présente un seul noyau (13) à effet ballistique terminal, disposé dans le corps extérieur (11), dans lequel le noyau (13) présente une densité inférieure à celle du corps extérieur (11) et s'étend seulement sur une partie de la longueur de la section transversale creuse, de sorte que la masse et la position du noyau (13) à l'intérieur du corps extérieur (11) permettent de régler la position du centre de gravité du pénétrateur (10) par rapport à son axe longitudinal (L).
  2. Pénétrateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale creuse du corps extérieur (11) présente une surface (A) et un moment d'inertie de surface de la section transversale creuse est augmenté par rapport à une section transversale pleine de même surface et/ou plus grande, de sorte que le corps extérieur (11) présente une rigidité en flexion accrue en raison du moment d'inertie de surface augmenté.
  3. Pénétrateur (10) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le corps extérieur (11) a un moment d'inertie de surface supérieur à 20 000 mm4, de préférence supérieur à 40 000 mm4, de préférence encore supérieur à 60 000 mm4, en particulier supérieur à 80 000 mm4, et le module E est supérieur à 300 000 N/mm2.
  4. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la masse du pénétrateur (10) est inférieure à 7 kg, de préférence inférieure à 6 kg, dans lequel la masse du pénétrateur (10) est réglable par la masse du noyau (13).
  5. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la rigidité à la flexion du corps extérieur (11) est augmentée d'au moins 25 %, de préférence de 50 %, de préférence encore d'au moins 75 %, en particulier d'au moins 90 %, par rapport à un pénétrateur en série avec un corps extérieur massif de même surface de section transversale du corps extérieur.
  6. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce
    que la section transversale creuse du corps extérieur (11) est de forme annulaire, trapézoïdale ou polygonale.
  7. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le noyau (13) est réalisé dans un matériau à haute résistance, en particulier un matériau fritté à base de tungstène et de métal lourd ou un acier à haute résistance.
  8. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le noyau (13) présente un module d'élasticité supérieur à 70 000 N/mm2, de préférence supérieur à 170 000 N/mm2, de préférence encore supérieur à 200 000 N/mm2, en particulier supérieur à 300 000 N/mm2.
  9. Pénétrateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le noyau (13) a un effet rigidifiant en flexion le corps extérieur (11) .
  10. Utilisation d'un pénétrateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 pour combattre une cible blindée à blindage réactif, en particulier un char de combat à blindage réactif.
  11. Projectile (1) avec une cage de propulsion et un empennage (3), caractérisé en ce que le projectile (1) comprend un pénétrateur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9.
EP20733766.8A 2019-08-15 2020-06-18 Pénétrateur, son utilisation et projectile avec pénétrateur Active EP4014007B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019121984.1A DE102019121984A1 (de) 2019-08-15 2019-08-15 Penetrator, Verwendung eines Penetrators und Geschoss
PCT/EP2020/066881 WO2021028101A1 (fr) 2019-08-15 2020-06-18 Pénétrateur, son utilisation et projectile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4014007A1 EP4014007A1 (fr) 2022-06-22
EP4014007B1 true EP4014007B1 (fr) 2024-07-31

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20733766.8A Active EP4014007B1 (fr) 2019-08-15 2020-06-18 Pénétrateur, son utilisation et projectile avec pénétrateur

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US11703310B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP4014007B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7519430B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20220044820A (fr)
DE (1) DE102019121984A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL290631A (fr)
WO (1) WO2021028101A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020116589A1 (de) * 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, Verwendung eines Penetrators und Geschoss
DE102021130961A1 (de) 2021-11-25 2023-05-25 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, Verwendung eines Penetrators, Geschoss und patronierte Munition

Family Cites Families (21)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4301737A (en) * 1979-10-04 1981-11-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Multi-purpose kinetic energy projectile
FR2535450B1 (fr) * 1981-03-05 1986-11-14 Saint Louis Inst Projectile perforant
US5275109A (en) * 1988-04-01 1994-01-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Long rod penetrator
SE465843B (sv) * 1989-01-02 1991-11-04 Lars Holmberg Pansarbrytande projektil med spetsformande kaerna
DE3932952A1 (de) 1989-10-03 1991-04-11 Rheinmetall Gmbh Wuchtgeschoss
DE4028409C2 (de) 1990-09-07 1997-05-15 Rheinmetall Ind Ag Unterkalibriges Geschoß
FR2756374B1 (fr) 1996-11-28 1999-01-08 Inst Franco Allemand De Rech D Projectile cinetique a effet lateral accru
DE19700349C2 (de) 1997-01-08 2002-02-07 Futurtec Ag Geschoß oder Gefechtskopf zur Bekämpfung gepanzerter Ziele
US6408762B1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2002-06-25 Lockheed Martin Corporation Clamp assembly for shrouded aerial bomb
US6186072B1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2001-02-13 Sandia Corporation Monolithic ballasted penetrator
DE19948710B4 (de) 1999-10-09 2006-03-02 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Flügelstabilisiertes Wuchtgeschoß
US7150235B1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2006-12-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Anti-armor multipurpose and chemical energy projectiles
JP5310470B2 (ja) 2009-10-15 2013-10-09 ダイキン工業株式会社 弾薬
US9644927B2 (en) * 2010-11-29 2017-05-09 Aldila Golf Corp. Archery arrow having improved flight characteristics
WO2015059282A1 (fr) 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Cartouche
US11293730B1 (en) * 2016-06-14 2022-04-05 Douglas Burke Bullet projectile with enhanced mechanical shock wave delivery for warfare
US11353302B1 (en) * 2017-01-13 2022-06-07 Thomas E. Steffner Bullet composition treatment to reduce friction
DE102017106526A1 (de) 2017-03-27 2018-10-11 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Geschoss, insbesondere im Mittelkaliberbereich
US11841214B2 (en) * 2017-06-23 2023-12-12 Douglas Burke Bullet projectile with internal hammer and post for enhanced mechanical shock wave delivery for demolition
US11274908B2 (en) * 2018-12-04 2022-03-15 The United States of America as represented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice Penetrator projectile for explosive device neutralization
US20220341718A1 (en) * 2019-01-08 2022-10-27 Austin Thomas Jones Multipurpose projectile apparatus, method of manufacture, and method of use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20220333907A1 (en) 2022-10-20
IL290631A (en) 2022-04-01
WO2021028101A1 (fr) 2021-02-18
JP2022543672A (ja) 2022-10-13
KR20220044820A (ko) 2022-04-11
US11703310B2 (en) 2023-07-18
DE102019121984A1 (de) 2021-02-18
EP4014007A1 (fr) 2022-06-22
JP7519430B2 (ja) 2024-07-19

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