EP3997270A1 - Schotter-kunststoff-verbundkörper - Google Patents
Schotter-kunststoff-verbundkörperInfo
- Publication number
- EP3997270A1 EP3997270A1 EP20739601.1A EP20739601A EP3997270A1 EP 3997270 A1 EP3997270 A1 EP 3997270A1 EP 20739601 A EP20739601 A EP 20739601A EP 3997270 A1 EP3997270 A1 EP 3997270A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ballast
- composite body
- track
- plastic composite
- plastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
- E01B1/001—Track with ballast
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
- E01B2204/11—Embedded tracks, using prefab elements or injecting or pouring a curable material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ballast-plastic composite body, a track bed and a track body, having the ballast-plastic composite body, a method for producing the ballast-plastic composite body and a method for
- Transition areas are always exposed to special loads due to different elasticities and stiffnesses. Such transitions can also be found in road construction or hydraulic engineering / earthworks.
- Load transfer options e.g. (also the other way around or in combination) when changing the subsoil or sub-structure,
- the goals of these processes are to influence the dynamic forces acting on the body, to improve the settlement behavior, to reduce vibrations, to decouple structure-borne noise, to adjust stiffnesses, to extend maintenance intervals, at best to make them superfluous or at least to temporarily fix the bulk material.
- damping mats that are installed between the upper bulk material and the base layer. Due to the construction, it is a prerequisite and specification of the manufacturer, so that quality losses during construction and thus possibly losses in effectiveness are avoided, that the base layer on which these damping mats (e.g.
- One object of the invention is to improve the settlement behavior of a
- Transition between two sections i.e. the area in which the movement takes place
- Another object is to better compensate for a relative movement of parts of a substructure relative to one another in the area of a transition.
- ballast-plastic composite body a track bed and a track body
- method for producing the ballast-plastic composite body a method for producing a track bed according to the independent claims.
- the invention specifies a ballast-plastic composite body, comprising ballast stones and plastic located between the ballast stones, the
- a polyurethane foam is preferably selected from a polyurethane foam or a synthetic resin.
- the plastic connects the ballast stones.
- the ballast-plastic composite body can have various shapes, in particular the shape of a polyhedron, preferably a cuboid.
- the ballast-plastic composite body in another embodiment, is the ballast-plastic composite body
- Composite body provided, the in areas of a transition or a
- the weak point in the subsoil of the superstructure can be specifically placed and combined with a layer of gravel lying on top.
- the invention provides a moveable platen as it can be attached to a job site or installation site can be produced at different locations and can therefore also take place at a different time from the actual installation beforehand. This is particularly the case with
- Pre-production enables industrial production that is completely independent of the weather.
- ballast-plastic composite body according to the invention can be arranged on or above a substructure and cover a transition there, which is described in more detail below.
- Further ballast e.g. top ballast / backfill ballast
- the invention makes it possible, through the nature of the composite body according to the invention and the method according to the invention, to mitigate or overcome construction-related disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention is the
- the invention reduces changes in position in the track bed caused by changes in temperature, railway operation and subsidence, and reduces vibrations by reducing the track position defects / hollow sleepers resulting from changes in position.
- the composite body according to the invention can serve to homogenize dynamic forces from the operational load, especially in the area of transitions between different structures, such as from concrete to earth structure.
- the invention allows the compensation of rigidity in transition zones in a track bed or substructure.
- the invention allows the production of different geometries in length, width and / or height.
- the composite body prevents movements in the direct area and reduces movements of the components located above it, also below the threshold and in the tamping area. The same also applies to
- the invention makes it possible for the composite body to be brought to the intended installation site in a manner suitable for the construction site and without an excessive risk of destruction, and to be placed in a targeted and permanent manner.
- the composite body can be brought to the intended installation site in a manner suitable for the construction site and without an excessive risk of destruction, and to be placed in a targeted and permanent manner.
- the composite body can be produced at a different location regardless of the weather and used if necessary. Furthermore, the composite body can be removed and transported away again in a simple manner.
- the invention provides an elastic composite body which is particularly suitable for bridging transitions.
- the invention can also be used in the open, independent of a transition, for example on sections with less load-bearing subsoil or vibration-transmitting subsoil, in order to reduce settlement.
- the method according to the invention can be designed in such a way that, after a construction pit has been created, a connection of the ballast with the plastic, in particular polyurethane foaming with the ballast, can be carried out in an industrially replicable manner and independently of weather influences.
- the ballast-plastic composite body Since the ballast-plastic composite body has a long service life and is protected against UV radiation by the ballast above it, it can remain permanently in the track bed even during maintenance, repairs or track renewal. A complication with mechanical track renewal procedures / ballast cleaning, sleeper change does not take place.
- the composite body can be filled with gravel (backfill /
- the composite body preferably has the same elasticity / rigidity as a ballast bed, in which the ballast stones are compacted but not permanently connected by means of a plastic.
- the intended elasticity in the ballast track is preferably not changed by the composite body according to the invention. Preferably one takes over
- Ballast frame made of ballast stones present in the composite body plays the supporting role.
- Plastic, e.g. polyurethane, in the composite body is protected from UV light if the composite body is covered by further gravel.
- the composite body can be easily and robustly combined into several panels in length, width and height.
- the composite body can easily be placed on rail cars while complying with the
- Standard clear space profiles can be transported to the construction site and laid easily and robustly on the construction site, e.g. using an excavator.
- the composite body can be dimensioned in such a way that it can be placed between rails into a prepared construction pit.
- the composite body can compensate for differences in stiffness and have the same elasticity as the non-foamed filler gravel lying on top.
- the invention enables simple maintenance (tamping, cleaning) of the track, and the composite body does not have to be removed in the course of track work.
- the composite body can be removed as a whole and transported away, preferably when the track bed is being renewed. Reuse in the same or a different location is possible. Alternatively, the composite body, preferably when the track bed is being renewed, can remain in place and only the ballast / track support board / floor covering located above it can be removed, which is an economical and resource-saving procedure. When inserting a composite body under a track with an existing track, no rails need to be cut because the dimensions of the
- Composite body can be dimensioned so that installation is made possible by moving through the space between the rails.
- the invention reduces the noise and vibration emissions caused by rail traffic and is robust.
- the composite body is an insulated body that is movable or transportable. It is preferably in the form of a movable and / or transportable body, in particular it is in the form of a movable and / or transportable plate.
- the composite body can be expanded or removed as a whole. In particular, it can be removed or removed again from an installation position, for example in a track bed.
- the gravel is preferably made of hard rock such as basalt, diabase or granite.
- a grain size of 5 mm to 63 mm is preferred, more preferably 21.4 mm to 63 mm.
- the plastic is preferably a multi-component plastic, i. H. a plastic that can be formed by combining several components or is formed from several components. Examples of several components are a
- Prepolymer and a hardener or a diol or polyol and a polyisocyanate.
- the reaction time and foaming behavior can be controlled, provided the plastic has a foam structure.
- the mechanical properties of the composite body for example rigidity, can be controlled through the choice of components.
- the plastic is preferably selected from one Polyurethane (PU), in particular a PU foam, or a synthetic resin, for example a silicate resin or an epoxy resin.
- Polyurethane (hereinafter also PU) is known in principle in numerous variants from the prior art and is known specifically for foaming ballast stones, for example from EP 1 619 305 or DE 10 2006 003 033 A1.
- the plastic fills the spaces between the ballast stones in the composite body. It is not absolutely necessary for all the spaces to be filled or completely filled, but this is advantageous. By filling the intermediate spaces, there is preferably no drainage or drainage of water through the composite body, but rather a drainage to the side is preferred.
- the composite body preferably has at least one smooth or substantially smooth surface.
- a smooth surface is defined here as a surface from which no ballast stones protrude in whole or in part.
- surfaces are at least one, preferably all, outer surfaces of the composite body, in particular a composite body designed as a cuboid or plate.
- the surface can be flat or alternatively have one or more indentations or bulges (bulges). Such can be arranged in the form of a regular pattern.
- One or more indentations or bulges are preferably present on one or more side surfaces.
- Lateral surfaces are preferably surfaces which are arranged around an upwardly pointing surface and which are arranged around a downwardly pointing surface and which have a smaller size (measured for example in m 2 ) than the upwardly pointing surface and / or the after downward facing surface. This preferably applies to a cuboid shape of the composite body.
- the composite body has the basic shape of a cuboid.
- the composite body has two surfaces that are not parallel to one another.
- the composite body can have the shape of a wedge which can taper to a point or can have a blunt end. If there is a blunt end, the two non-parallel surfaces do not intersect.
- one or more indentations or bulges can be present on one or more sides of the cuboid, in particular on one or more side surfaces of the cuboid.
- the composite body can have a shape on at least two opposite side surfaces which enables a positive connection to an adjoining composite body.
- a groove can be provided on one side surface and a tongue on an opposite side surface.
- Other shapes are possible, for example a pattern of regular toothing or a puzzle pattern for connecting several composite bodies, in particular several plates, to one another.
- Ballast stones partially protrude from one of the surfaces. In a further embodiment, however, this is not the case.
- ballast stones touch one another in the composite body.
- each ballast stone contact is in contact with at least one neighboring ballast stone, preferably with several neighboring ballast stones.
- the ballast stones form a tight packing in the composite body.
- the composite body in particular the plate, is cuboid.
- Other shapes such as symmetrically trapezoidal in cross section, are possible.
- Width 200 to 5000 mm, or 600 mm to 5000 mm, or 600 mm to 4000 mm, or 600 mm to 3000 mm, or 600 mm to 2700 mm.
- Length 200 mm to 5000 mm, 500 mm to 5000 mm.
- Height 50 mm to 500 mm, or 50 mm to 400 mm, or 50 mm to 300 mm, or 50 mm to 200 mm, preferably 100 mm to 200 mm, even more preferably 100 mm to 150 mm.
- the width can correspond to the width of the roadway.
- the length can be adjusted as required. All of these length, width and height ranges can be combined with one another as required; Multi-layer designs can also be displayed in terms of height.
- the length relates to the longitudinal direction of the track bed and the width to the transverse direction, i.e. H. the direction perpendicular to the direction of the track.
- the composite body in particular the plate, has one of the
- Suitable lower limits of the width which can be combined with each of the upper limits mentioned, are 100 mm, 200 mm or 300 mm.
- the width of the composite body is preferably measured according to the gauge of the track. In Germany, for example, there is a track dimension of 1.435m, so that a width of ⁇ 1435 mm for easy installation of the prefabricated
- Composite body in particular the respective plate (at least two plates are advantageous here in order to completely cover the track cross-section and the filling ballast), to be laid between the rails in a prepared construction pit in a method according to the invention described below.
- the composite body can be inserted lengthways and positioned without turning. Of course, it is also possible to insert lengthwise into the composite body and then to turn it horizontally or to thread it in a tilted, angled position and after passing the
- the composite body can be prefabricated in a manufacturing plant outside of the construction site.
- the composite body should preferably Be dimensioned so that it can be brought to the actual construction site with the available transport options (flat wagons, switch transport wagons, trucks
- Trailer can be fed in front of the head / backward or from the siding by means of conventional lifting technology (two-way excavator / crane (Kirow)) and can then be brought into the open construction section in sections.
- conveyor belts metal, plastic, natural fabric
- conveyor belts metal, plastic, natural fabric
- the foaming then makes them an integral part of the composite body. After aligning the composite body, these can be left on or in the composite body, either completely or cut off / separated on the sides (for easy resumption in the event of dismantling), if necessary with the possibility of joining one at these interfaces using provided receiving points later (expansion at the end of the service life) with new ones
- the conveyor belts can also be used to attach composite bodies to one another.
- the composite body has one or more depressions and / or elevations on the outside, which are / are suitable for this, with a
- the composite body in particular has a
- Suitable lower limits of the width which can be combined with each of the upper limits mentioned, are 100 mm, 200 mm or 300 mm.
- the invention relates to a track bed having at least one ballast-plastic composite body as described above.
- the composite body is made of
- the track bed can be extended or removed as a whole, in particular from an installation position, can be extended or removed again.
- the at least one ballast-plastic composite body is arranged next to, above (or above), or below (or below) a gap, transition or space between two sections, partial areas, components or materials of the track bed
- the at least one ballast-plastic composite body is arranged next to or above a gap, transition or space between two sections, subregions, components or materials of a substructure on which the track bed is arranged.
- the composite body can compensate for inhomogeneities.
- An arrangement next to a gap, transition or space means is
- the two sections, sub-areas, components or materials can be movable relative to one another and / or have different settlement behavior.
- the gap, transition or space can be intentional or due to tolerance.
- the gap, transition or intermediate space can be designed as a joint or have a joint, for example an expansion joint.
- the composite body can be in the track bed, or one of the following
- Track body or a track body mentioned below in particular be arranged as follows
- the composite body forms a superstructure section and is placed adjacent to another superstructure section
- the ballast-plastic composite body extends in the longitudinal direction of the track bed, or a track body mentioned below, or a track body mentioned below
- the composite body can generally cover the gap, transition or interspace (ie cover on an upper side) or abut the gap, transition or interspace or cover the gap, transition or interspace (ie "on the underside, or with a view of the underside of the gap , Transition or gap cover this ").
- the gap, transition or intermediate space is preferably formed between two sections of the substructure or the superstructure which are movable relative to one another in the area or at the location of the transition, gap or intermediate space and / or which have different settlement behavior.
- the substructure is understood in particular to be an earthwork or artificial structure which is arranged between the superstructure and the subsurface.
- the subsoil is the soil or rock that has not been changed by structural measures.
- the term substructure denotes the
- track body according to the invention including the composite body according to the invention, wear.
- superstructure denotes or includes the track bed or the track body.
- a track bed is specified, having heaped ballast arranged over the at least one ballast-plastic composite body, or one arranged over the at least one ballast-plastic composite body
- the above-mentioned heaped ballast preferably has no plastic in the spaces between ballast stones.
- ballast stones are preferably not connected by plastic.
- the above-mentioned heaped up gravel is preferably packable or compactable.
- the above-mentioned heaped up ballast can preferably be removed again in the form of individual ballast stones. A method for producing the track bed will be discussed below.
- the composite body is used in a track bed, track body or track body preferably in sections ⁇ 50m and> 1m of the track bed, track body or track body, preferably in sections> 2 m and ⁇ 20m. It is also possible to combine several sections, also alternating them. By placing several composite bodies next to one another, longer sections can also be displayed.
- the heaped ballast (backfill ballast) can be heaped directly onto the composite body.
- a fill ballast can be heaped directly onto the composite body.
- a drainage layer there is an intermediate layer to the gravel, for example a drainage layer.
- a drainage layer This can apply analogously to a support plate or a floor covering.
- Binder bound together but can in a further step by a
- Binders are connected to one another but also to the composite body.
- composite bodies can also be glued to one another if several are used.
- the filling gravel can be treated with known methods, in particular tamped or cleaned.
- the underlying composite body can remain permanently. The one on the
- Composite body of heaped up ballast can press into the composite body where there is polyurethane. This allows heaped gravel stones in
- a track slab is made of concrete or asphalt, for example. Sleepers or rail fastening supports can be or can be integrated into the track support plate.
- An intermediate layer for example a drainage layer or a gravel subgrade, can be located between the ballast, the track support plate or the floor covering on the one hand and the composite body on the other.
- the track support plate can be placed directly on the composite body, ballast can be heaped up directly or a
- a floor covering also referred to as road surface or traffic route surface, is in particular selected from gravel, concrete, asphalt or tar.
- the invention relates to a track body, having at least one ballast-plastic composite body as described above or at least one track bed as described above.
- the track body has in particular a track bed and a track.
- a track is preferably applied to the track bed, in particular sleepers and rails are applied to the track bed.
- the track can be arranged on heaped ballast, or on a track support plate or on a floor covering. I.e. so on
- a ballasted area to be tamped is arranged above the composite body. It is also possible to renew the ballast, the track support plate or the floor covering without removing the composite body.
- sleepers can be placed directly on the ballast-plastic composite body. “Directly placed” here means that the sleepers are in contact with the ballast-plastic composite body, that is to say are placed in contact with the ballast-plastic composite body.
- the track bed has heaped ballast, with sleepers being placed directly on the at least one ballast-plastic composite body and the heaped ballast being heaped on at least areas of the at least one ballast-plastic composite body where there are no sleepers are located. These are, for example, areas between and / or next to the thresholds, for example on the outside of the thresholds. In alternative variants there is at least one
- Track support plate arranged in at least one such area where none
- Sleepers are located, or a floor covering is arranged in areas where there are no sleepers.
- Load distribution area of the sleepers e.g. for repair measures such as renewing the track sleepers with sleeper changing devices.
- the advantage (also) of this method is a simple separation of the track grid, in particular the sleepers, from the composite body in the case of renovation measures. A composite body existing under the track can be retained.
- ballast-plastic composite bodies are present, with ballast-plastic composite bodies in a first row below a first rail which is fastened to the sleepers in
- ballast-plastic composite bodies in a second row below a second rail which is attached to the sleepers are arranged adjoining each other in the longitudinal direction.
- the two rows of composite bodies can be filled with gravel.
- the two rows of composite bodies can abut one another, for example at an abutting edge running in the longitudinal direction (rails longitudinal direction, track longitudinal direction, or track body longitudinal direction). This increases the positional stability. This embodiment enables a cost-efficient track system within the framework of simple repair measures
- a track bed or track body is specified, the ballast-plastic composite body above a transition, gap, or space in a substructure on which the track bed or track body is arranged, and / or is arranged below a transition, gap or space in the track bed or track body,
- transition, gap or space is formed between two sections of the substructure and / or two sections of the track bed or track body which are movable relative to one another in the area or at the point of the transition, gap or space and / or which have different settlement behavior, It is preferably provided that the composite body covers the transition, gap or intermediate space or abuts the transition, gap or intermediate space or covers the transition, gap or intermediate space.
- the composite body rests directly on a substructure and covers a transition, gap, or space between two sections of the substructure which, relative to one another, in the area or at the point of the transition,
- Gap or gap are movable and / or which have a different settlement behavior, or abut such a transition, gap or gap.
- Two sections of the track bed or track body are formed in particular from two different floor coverings.
- a floor covering is selected in particular from concrete, gravel, tar or asphalt.
- a transition occurs, also in other embodiments, in particular with a side surface of the composite body.
- the different sections of a substructure or a track bed or track body can have a different height level (height offset) and the composite body abuts the transition on.
- the height of the composite body is preferably dimensioned such that it compensates for the height offset.
- the settlement behavior is to be understood as the time-dependent subsidence of the track bed or track body through gradual compression of the substructure.
- a first section of the substructure has a stronger settlement than a second section of the substructure, the transition, the gap or the gap being formed between these sections.
- transition, gap or space refers in particular to a structure in which the settlement behavior, in particular the bedding stiffness, of the track bed or track body changes sharply or suddenly over a short distance.
- the sudden change can occur, for example, with a transition from ballasted track to slab track, from open road to a bridge, when transitioning into a tunnel, with a
- the transition can have a joint or be a joint, preferably an expansion joint.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a track body, comprising at least one ballast-plastic composite body as described above, at least one track bed as described above or at least one track body as described above.
- a track body is formed from the superstructure and the substructure, in particular from the substructure and furthermore the track bed or the track body.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a ballast-plastic composite body as described above, having
- a composite body mentioned above can be obtained. All structurally disclosed features of the composite body can be produced in a corresponding process-related configuration. Conversely, a composite body disclosed above can be obtained by such a method and can have features disclosed in terms of the method.
- the shape corresponds to the desired external dimensions of the inside
- the shape corresponds to the later desired shape of the composite body.
- the shape is preferably cuboid inside.
- the shape can be box-shaped.
- the shape can be designed in several parts or have at least one closable opening for filling with ballast stones.
- at least one of the side walls of the box can be designed as a cover that can be opened or closed.
- the mold can be designed such that side walls, preferably all side walls of the mold, can be separated from one another. This facilitates the separation / stripping of the mold and the composite body produced.
- One or more, preferably all, inner surfaces of the mold can be connected to a
- Separating agents are treated or a separating layer, for example a separating plate, a separating film or a separating layer, are covered.
- a non-eluting additive can be incorporated into a molecular structure of an additional separating layer inserted between the mold and the subsequent composite body, in particular with PU as the plastic. This avoids sticking to the polyurethane foam, if such is used.
- the thickness of the separating layer can be taken into account when dimensioning the internal dimensions of the mold.
- Oil can be used as a separating agent, a paper or a plastic layer, for example, can be used as the separating layer.
- the shape has one or more indentations or bulges in one or more inner surfaces, preferably in the form of one
- a pattern formed by the indentations / bulges can be designed in such a way that a plurality of
- the introduced ballast can be compacted to the desired density after it has been placed in the mold (e.g. vibrating plates, rollers, track tampers, others
- the ballast can also be profiled to the desired size. After compaction, the ballast introduced preferably has a height (thickness, ballast layer height) of 50 mm to 200 mm, preferably 100 mm to 200 mm, even more preferably 100 mm to 150 mm.
- This strength enables later rail infrastructure operators to continue to automatically maintain the area above it (e.g. using tamping machines as are common on railways) and thus, for example, to restore a target track position.
- the mold contains one or more openings through which
- Gaps between the ballast stones are filled with a mixture that can react to form a plastic, preferably by injection.
- the mold is closed before the mixture is introduced, preferably in such a way that the forces arising from the foaming cannot cause the ballast stone to twist out of its compacted position. This can be caused by the dead weight of the
- the mixture can be introduced with pressure, for example with a metering machine.
- the dosing machine can be designed so that a polyol component is mixed with activator.
- the activator is preferably stable for a maximum of five hours in a polyol activator batch at 30.degree. After this time, the reactivity of the activator decreases noticeably due to a chemical reaction with the water in the polyol. This changes the start, rise and setting times of the PUR foam.
- the mixture can be outside the metering machine in a barrel and then using a barrel stirrer for homogenization or in the working container
- Dosing machine and mixing in by means of the agitator of the working container can be provided.
- the processing temperature at the mixing head can preferably be set to a temperature of 30 ° C + -3 ° C.
- the metering machine preferably has a switchable low-pressure temperature control circuit.
- a dosing machine preferably has one or more of the following features or one or more of the following functions:
- the day tank can preferably be operated with a pre-pressure of 2.5 bar and be equipped with electronic level indicators and pressure measurements.
- a compressed air dryer can be provided as an option.
- Dosing pumps filters of suitable fineness must be provided to protect the dosing pumps and to avoid blockages at the mixing head nozzles.
- the discharge rate of the polyurethane mixture can preferably be varied within a wide range around the design point 500 g / s.
- the mixing head is preferably a high pressure mixing head with at least one
- the mixing head (metering pressure at the mixing head in particular up to 200 bar, preferably 180 bar) can be equipped with constant pressure nozzles.
- the mixing head can be suitable for shot operation and can have a hydraulically driven cleaning slide in the outlet pipe.
- the mixing head can be attached to a boom for better handling
- introduction of the mixture under pressure can be chosen.
- a track bed disclosed above can be obtained by such a method and can have features disclosed in terms of the method. The same applies to a track body disclosed below.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a track bed described above, having
- the method can advantageously take place in the course of a ballast cleaning, in particular the placement of the ballast-plastic composite body.
- the composite body is preferably placed or laid by means of provided conveyor belts (see the previous description of conveyor belts under "Prefabrication of the composite body / prefabricated part"), which are brought together, for example, on a traverse, which is preferably in turn on a pivotable / rotatable laying arm (swivel rotator) is attached.
- the placement can take place with vacuum technology.
- the composite body can then be gripped or sucked in from above or from the side.
- placing in the course of a machine bedding cleaning take place. See also patent application DE 11 2007 000 323.5.
- ballast-plastic composite body includes the case that the ballast is not poured directly “onto" the composite body, but an intermediate layer is present, which is previously arranged or laid on the composite body according to the method.
- arranging a track support plate over the ballast-plastic composite body includes the case that the track support plate is not “placed directly on the composite body, but an intermediate layer is present which is previously arranged or placed on the composite body according to the method.
- an airtight layer under the composite body in order to be able to lay the composite body more easily by means of a vacuum. If the foam is porous, this can lead to the optimization of the frictional connection.
- the invention relates to a further method for producing a track bed described above, having
- ballast stones preferably previously stuffed and / or profiled, so that the ballast stones are at least laterally enclosed by the form, and are also enclosed from above if the top wall is present or if the lid is closed,
- the composite body is produced at the point where it is after
- ballast stones on a substructure is bringing in
- This base ballast is preferably already in the temperature and humidity range suitable for the reaction (i.e. reacting the mixture to form the plastic). Otherwise, the ballast can be conditioned, for example by introducing air currents from the outside.
- Conditioning can be advantageous in order - depending on the PU used - to prevent an undesired reaction to deviating temperatures and degrees of humidity.
- heating and air fans can be used.
- a temporary enclosure of the section against weather influences is possible.
- the ballast can be delivered in dry, preconditioned batches, preferably in protected containers (for example thermal containers).
- ballast The introduction of the ballast can be done in different ways:
- Wagons also MFS wagons closed (thermal) transport containers (pre-dried and conditioned)
- the area located under the ballast can preferably be produced in advance in the intended inclination and direction in order to improve or enable a later defined structure of the ballast profile. If the section to be treated is between two bridge sections (bridge joint), the inclination and direction result automatically from the same.
- an additional water-bearing layer can be provided, which results in targeted additional guidance of the water under or around the composite body.
- This can be a water-bearing base layer, a subgrade protection layer or a drainage mat, e.g. B. made of geotextiles, geogrids or the like.
- a release agent e.g. a liquid release layer, or a release layer, e.g. made of plastic (e.g. polyurea) or paper can be provided. This (s) can prevent a permanent connection between the composite body and the substructure, for example a bridge floor, which may arise in the course of the reaction of the mixture to the plastic.
- the flat products can be used to reinforce the composite body, but also to facilitate transport during loading against tearing.
- the flat products mentioned can serve to optimize water flow under the composite body or enable a further optimized load transfer in the case of soils with little support.
- the composite body can be laid in a trough, for example in
- transition in particular the joint, is arranged above on the sides of the trough or on the floor between the troughs.
- the composite body can also be laid in the course of a renovation and conversion of a slab track.
- a trough can be milled into a slab track (https://www.kutter.de/fahrbahnsantechnik/fraesen/grossfraesin/), in which the composite body is then placed, onto which additional gravel can then be applied.
- ballast stones After the ballast stones have been placed, they are preferably compacted (e.g. using vibrating plates, rollers, other vibration devices) and profiled to the desired size.
- the method can have as a further step:
- the basic ballast preferably has a thickness (height, layer height) of> 5 cm and ⁇ 20 cm, preferably between 10 cm and 20 cm, in particular between> 10 cm and ⁇ 15 cm, so that the ballast heaped above (also referred to as top ballast or Backfill ballast) can continue to be maintained automatically (e.g. by tamping machines like those used by railways).
- the shape, which is open at the bottom, is also known as an injection template. For example, it can be box-shaped, with the bottom of the box missing.
- the form is placed on the ballast stones placed on the substructure in such a way that the ballast stones are covered within the form (if there is a top wall or a lid is closed) or completely enclosed by the form (except on the underside).
- the mixture which can react to form a plastic, can be filled through openings provided in the mold.
- the filling can take place through one side or opening of the mold, which is closed by the lid after filling
- the method can comprise the packing of the ballast heaped on the composite body.
- a track body can be produced from the track bed according to the invention. The method then has further steps
- the method comprises:
- an aforementioned track body is obtained, the track bed having the heaped ballast, with sleepers being placed directly on the at least one ballast-plastic composite body and the heaped ballast being heaped at least on areas of the composite body where there are no sleepers are located.
- ballast-plastic composite bodies are placed or manufactured in such a way that ballast-plastic composite bodies are arranged in a first row below a first rail, which is attached to the placed sleepers, next to one another in the longitudinal direction and ballast-plastic composites in a second row below a second rail which is attached to the sleepers in
- the two rows of composite bodies can be arranged longitudinally next to each other. There may be a gap between the two rows of composite bodies which can be filled with gravel. Alternatively, the two rows of composite bodies can abut one another, for example at one in the longitudinal direction (rails longitudinal direction, track longitudinal direction, or
- the method comprises:
- the sleepers are placed without contact with the composite body, because ballast (heaped ballast), the track support plate or the floor covering are arranged between the sleepers and the composite body.
- heaped ballast or is arranged on the track support plate or on the flooring.
- the following step can be provided: the fastening of rails on the sleepers.
- first abutting edges are formed in the transverse direction within the first row between the ballast-plastic composite bodies (composite bodies in the first row) and there are second abutting edges within the second row between the ballast-plastic composite bodies (composite bodies in the second row) formed in the transverse direction, and the first abutting edges and the second abutting edges are offset when viewed in the longitudinal direction. This means that a first and a second abutting edge are not aligned with one another when viewed in the transverse direction.
- the ballast-plastic composite body is placed or produced on or over a transition, gap or gap in the substructure, the transition, gap or gap being formed between two sections of the substructure, which are movable relative to one another at the point or in the area of the transition and / or which have different settlement behavior, the composite body being placed or produced in such a way that it covers the transition, gap or gap.
- a method according to the invention can have as a further step, in particular if the ballast-plastic composite body is produced on or above the transition, gap or space in the substructure:
- a cover e.g. a temporary cover, of the transition, in particular a parting line, before placing ballast stones on the substructure.
- a separating layer for example one, is suitable as a cover Separation plate, a separation film or a separation layer, or some other separation medium, for example a liquid separation medium.
- Processes according to the invention for producing a track bed can be used both when a track bed is first made and when an old track bed is renewed or replaced.
- the aforementioned methods for producing a track bed before placing the ballast-plastic composite body on the substructure or before placing the ballast stones on the substructure have:
- ballast-plastic composite body is moved between the rails for placement on the substructure or is moved under the rails coming from the outside of one of the rails.
- This embodiment has the advantage that rails do not have to be removed in order to produce a track bed according to the invention underneath.
- a composite body according to the invention which has been prefabricated elsewhere can advantageously be used for this purpose.
- a removal of sleepers in said section can mean that the sleepers are completely removed from the track or that they are passed along the track to others Place to be moved to create a clearance for placement of the composite body. Sleepers are removed or moved where the composite is to be placed to create space for placement. This is an advantage in particular on cramped bridges or in other tight spaces.
- the composite body is preferably laid through a central core of the track (between the rails) under the rails, but can also be fed in from the outside from the side.
- the composite body can remain under a track.
- a composite body under the track can be supplemented in the longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction by further composite bodies, in particular in the transverse direction.
- further composite bodies in particular in the transverse direction.
- a first composite body can first be placed and placed or moved off-center of the track.
- a second composite body can then be placed, which adjoins the first composite body in the transverse direction, so that the first and the second composite body cover the width of the track.
- the placement can preferably take place in such a way that there is no mentioned transition under the abutting edge of both composite bodies.
- the invention relates to the use of a ballast-plastic composite body according to the invention as described above for the production of a railroad body, for the production of a track bed, for the production of a track body, in track construction, in particular for bridging a transition in the substructure of a
- the invention relates to the use of a ballast-plastic composite body for building dykes or road construction. In dike construction they can
- plate-shaped gravel-plastic composite bodies combined to form larger areas can be used effectively in dike protection.
- the permanent foam compound which cannot be attacked by salts or the like, ensures that the ballast stones cannot be flushed out even in the event of strong water and protect the dam.
- the foam can also be individually adapted by adding color (signaling or camouflage effect). Fire retardants may also be included.
- Fig. 1 shows a section through a ballast-plastic composite body in
- FIG. 2 shows a track body according to the invention on a transition on a bridge in longitudinal section
- FIG. 3 shows a track body according to the invention in cross section
- FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a construction pit with inserted ballast-plastic composite bodies
- Fig. 5 shows a method of manufacturing the ballast-plastic composite in place
- FIG. 6 shows a track body according to the invention, which has a ballast-plastic composite body and a track support plate;
- Fig. A track body according to the invention, with a special arrangement of ballast-plastic composite bodies below the rails.
- Example 1 Production of a ballast-plastic composite body
- the composite body is produced using the following process
- ballast box sides are preferably individual after foaming
- Fig. 1 shows a ballast-plastic composite body 1 in cross-sectional view.
- the composite body has a rectangular shape. It consists of ballast stones 2 and plastic 3, in particular synthetic resin or polyurethane (foam), located in the spaces between the ballast stones 2.
- Example 2 Introduction of a prefabricated ballast-plastic composite body into a track bed (ex situ)
- a composite body according to this invention, produced according to Example 1, is to be placed in such a way that it is located in front of, on top of and after the joint area to be bridged between two sections of a substructure, in particular also between two
- the section in which the method is to be used or in which the composite body is to be introduced must be free of any gravel or gravel up to the support layer / or to the bridge / tunnel base. Be accessible to fillers / bulk materials.
- the construction clearance of the transition to be treated can be in the course of a new track construction, production-related (e.g. also in the course of a ballast cleaning), or through Bringing about (e.g. excavator excavation, gravel vacuum cleaner etc.) for the construction project must be brought about explicitly.
- This "excavation" which is preferably up to a maximum depth of the profiled (water-bearing) (PSS) base layer (not going beyond it), preferably has a size that, plus a movement allowance, is at least the width of the later. Regulations applied to the entire ballast structure.
- the length also results from the transition area to be bridged plus a movement allowance for the work to be carried out. As a result, there is no more ballast at this point, not even on the sides. This ensures that the entire interface and transition point is reached by the process.
- Ballast to prevent slipping / sliding down may be required.
- the rail is preferably not separated, but can be separated
- Bridge base over the entire width of the ballast superstructure and over a length that should exceed the subsequent primary ballast foam slab, preferably approx. 6m (4m plus 2 m working area (1 m each on the head sides)) or a multiple of 6m if several slabs are laid one behind the other - removed as cleanly as possible. It may be necessary to glue the ballast / secure it against slipping in the construction site.
- the ballast picked up is stored temporarily and can be used for reinstallation. Remaining material can be removed via (mobile) containers.
- a composite body (plate) produced according to Example 1 is used. This is done as follows:
- the plate is swiveled and rotated in the track direction between the rails in the laying area, so that it is above the storage point.
- the tilted position also enabled a larger dimension than the dimension resulting from the respective track width (e.g. 1435mm) with horizontal threading between the rails. This made it possible to install only one plate. The maximum dimension of this plate would then result, in particular, from the distance that results from the outer dimensions of the vacuum suction device and the outer dimensions of the plate.
- Ground ballast newly introduced from the Thermobox and then compacted is foamed on site on an area of approx. 2.80 x 4.00 m, according to a method according to Example 1, in order to produce a composite panel.
- the composite panel can be brought to the construction site on track-guided trolleys or stored temporarily.
- ballast temperature and humidity in the thermal container are calculated from the cooling and ambient humidity, so that ideal conditions prevail at the foaming time (application time plus tamping time).
- plug Fig. 2 shows the track body produced in cross section. Between the concrete bridge 4 and the subgrade 5, which together form the substructure, the transition 6 is formed in the form of a joint.
- a support layer 7 is initially arranged on the substructure 4, 5 and the joint 6.
- the drainage mat 19 is placed on this.
- the ballast-plastic composite body 1 according to the invention, which extends over the transition 6, is on the base layer 7.
- the sleepers 9 and the rails 10 located thereon are applied to the heaped ballast 8.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the track structure according to the invention, the reference symbols having the same meanings as in FIG. 2.
- Fig. 4 shows the state after the placement of ballast-plastic composite bodies 1a and 1b.
- the other reference symbols are the same as in previous figures.
- the thresholds 9 have been moved to the side in order to clear the area above the joint 6. Old gravel was also removed in this area.
- two plate-shaped ballast-plastic composite bodies 1a and 1b were introduced, which are constructed analogously to the ballast-plastic composite body 1 from FIG. 1 and which are in the longitudinal direction of the track
- ballast-plastic composite bodies 1a and 1b are dimensioned so that the width is less than the track width of the track shown. In this way, the composite bodies 1 a and 1 b can be easily inserted from above and moved through under the respective rail 10 and placed in position. Then ballast 8 is poured onto the composite bodies 1a and 1b, stuffed and
- a downwardly open form is placed on the gravel.
- This is a full-surface injection template, i.e. one that extends over the entire width and length of the track to be foamed, which ideally counteracts the foaming forces by means of its own weight, possibly with the use of a separating layer (also separating layer) or a separating agent, in particular a separating agent "Paper".
- a possible depression force from the machine moving the mold creates a additional counterweight.
- the mold can be composed of individual composite panels that can be separated from one another.
- the next step is foaming.
- the shape ensures that individual ballast stones are not displaced by spreading the PU foam.
- the intended elasticity in the ballast track is not changed as a result, since the ballast structure continues to assume the supporting role.
- the mold can also be used AFTER injection of the liquid foam concentrate
- the foam is introduced e.g. by means of a kind of spray bar, which has a large number of nozzles in order to enable the best possible distribution of the liquid foam agent in the gravel structure.
- the delay agent added by the foam gives enough time to set the mold on.
- the shape can continue to be attached to the outside of the excavation area
- a separating layer (made of PE material) or any other separating agent does not result in a bond between the ground ballast and the form.
- the separating layer previously provided under the ground ballast also prevents sticking to the bridge floor. If, on the other hand, it is to be glued to the bridge floor, the separation towards the bottom is omitted. Individual parts of a separating layer can easily remain on the ballast; Biodegradable foils and papers can also be provided for this.
- the applied backfill gravel is due to the point loading
- ballast stones With the foamed surface of the plate / interlock, there is enough friction between the two gravel fractions (stuffed / foamed).
- Egg carton structure can be embossed into the surface of the foamed composite body in order to further increase the interlocking.
- the individual composite bodies can be glued together.
- ballast When using a bunker technology (e.g. road paver), especially in the area of larger sections, this is preferably (especially in tunnels and urban areas) with dry gravel (this may have been washed / and / or impregnated beforehand so that no freely movable dust adheres) loaded. This ballast is then mixed with the liquid foam to form the ballast / foam composite when it is introduced into the intended section (e.g. PUR) and built up in the desired profile. The one running directly behind the paver finisher (e.g. via rigid
- Coupling connection to the paver sufficiently heavy and stable, downwardly open form (acts as a counter-form) ensures that the desired profile results and that there is no unwanted twisting of the recently introduced and compacted ballast stones.
- the height, sides and angles of the downwardly open form can be adjusted individually (hydraulically / manually) and thus determine the resulting composite profile. In particular, this also ensures that this profile also lasts during the foaming and setting of the PUR foam and not caused by the forces of the foam (with
- Ascent changes the compacted gravel structure. This is particularly important so that the transition from the top of the base ballast to the underside of the top ballast / backfill ballast is defined and can be produced repeatedly.
- Fig. 5 shows various details of the production of a ballast-plastic composite body in the construction site in the installation position.
- a mold 13 is attached to the arm 12 of the excavator 11 located on the side of the track to be produced, which a Form 13 is open at the bottom.
- the shape 13 is shown in cross section, so that only a right and left side wall and the cover are shown from the viewing direction of the observer, but not a front and a rear side wall that is also present.
- the mold 13 is therefore only open at the bottom, has the shape of a box open at the bottom.
- This form 13 is put over the previously poured, compacted ballast 14.
- the shape itself can also have a vibration function.
- a mixture that can react to form a plastic can then be introduced into the interior of the mold 13 in the spaces between the individual stones of the poured ballast 14 and converted to a plastic.
- Fig. 5b shows the mold 13 without a lid from above.
- the side walls 13 a-d are fixed to one another by tension locks 18.
- a cover 13e which is shown in FIG. 5e or 5f, can be fixed from above.
- the side walls 13a-d and the cover 13e together form the downwardly open shape 13 which has no bottom.
- FIG. 5b can apply analogously to a closed form which also has a bottom and with which a ballast-plastic composite body according to the invention is produced outside the construction site.
- FIGS. 5d and 5e alternative possibilities for introducing the mixture which can react to form a plastic 3 are shown.
- the cover 13e ' has injection openings 16 into which a spray lance 17 can be inserted one after the other, or into which several such spray lances 17 can be inserted.
- the cover 13e ' is closed, the mixture, which can react to form a plastic 3, is transferred through the spray lances 17 into Introduced inside the mold 13 and then inside the mold 13, the reaction to the plastic takes place.
- FIGS. 5c-e for introducing the mixture which can react to form a plastic 3 can apply analogously to a closed mold which also has a base.
- the joint area Due to the local foaming, the joint area is also closed elastically through the intended penetration and foaming / foaming of the PUR into the joint and thus at the same time protects any joint seals below.
- the track body 21 shown in FIG. 6 has the ballast-plastic composite body 1. Arranged thereon is a split subgrade 25, on which the track support plate 22 made of asphalt or concrete is placed.
- FIG. 7 shows a track body 30 in which several ballast-plastic composite bodies 1, V are laid in a first row 31 and in a first row 32, these rows being laid in the longitudinal direction (arrow L). Within a row are respective
- Composite body 1 arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction.
- first abutting edges 33 are formed between the ballast-plastic composite bodies 1 of this row.
- second row 32 are the second
- a first rail 10a is on the first row 32 and a second rail 10b is laid directly on the ballast-plastic composite bodies 1, V on the second row 32. Such laying can be advantageous in the area in the area of the
- Load spreading area of the sleepers e.g. for repair measures such as renewing track sleepers with sleeper changing devices.
- One example is the renewal of sleepers every 60 cm and the associated renewal of the track bed.
- ballast 35 is introduced between rows 31 and 32. Will continue
- Backfill ballast 35 poured onto the composite body 1, V and between the sleepers 9, which is not shown in FIG.
- the composite bodies 1 are each installed offset by half their length.
- the first abutting edges 33 and the second abutting edges 34 are offset when viewed in the longitudinal direction L. This means that a first and a second abutting edge are not aligned with one another in the transverse direction (arrow Q).
- This offset requires a composite body V with a length of 0.6 m, that is half the length of a ballast-plastic composite body 1, in each of the rows 32 and 33
- the track body 30 can be produced in the following steps:
- ballast-plastic composite body system as shown in FIG. 7 enables a cost-efficient track system to be produced within the scope of simple repair measures, which leads to a minimization of noise and vibration emissions and a reduction in life cycle costs, especially in the area of private railways.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102019210289.1A DE102019210289A1 (de) | 2019-07-11 | 2019-07-11 | Schotter-Kunststoff-Verbundkörper |
PCT/EP2020/069023 WO2021005015A1 (de) | 2019-07-11 | 2020-07-06 | Schotter-kunststoff-verbundkörper |
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EP3997270A1 true EP3997270A1 (de) | 2022-05-18 |
EP3997270B1 EP3997270B1 (de) | 2023-11-22 |
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DE102021127502A1 (de) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-27 | Rhomberg Sersa Deutschland GmbH | Gleis für spurgeführte Schienenfahrzeuge und Verfahren zu dessen Errichtung |
EP4245917A1 (de) | 2022-03-14 | 2023-09-20 | Jürgen Frenzel | Stahlmonoblockschwelle und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
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DE3941141C2 (de) * | 1989-12-13 | 1994-12-22 | Koch Marmorit Gmbh | Verfahren zum Glätten des Überganges zwischen einer weichen und einer festen Schienen-Fahrbahn |
DE19651748A1 (de) * | 1996-12-12 | 1998-06-18 | Claus Dieter Ihle | Verfahren zur Herstellung und/oder dessen Vorfertigung eines drainagefähigen Schüttgutbelages und/oder Bauelementes für den Bahn-, Straßen- und Wegebau und Hoch- und Tiefbau |
DE202004011521U1 (de) | 2004-07-22 | 2004-10-07 | Gleis-Sekurität GmbH | Schutzabsperrung für Baustellen |
ATE430837T1 (de) | 2004-07-23 | 2009-05-15 | Msb Man Gmbh | Teilverschäumter gleisoberbau und verfahren für dessen herstellung |
DE102006003033A1 (de) | 2006-01-20 | 2007-08-02 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Schotterkörper sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schotterkörpern |
WO2007090902A1 (de) | 2006-02-10 | 2007-08-16 | Msb-Management Gmbh | Bettungsreinigungsverfahren und -vorrichtung mit drainagematteneinbringung |
DE102007028978B4 (de) * | 2007-06-23 | 2012-02-23 | Edilon) (Sedra Gmbh | Gleiskörper für Schienenfahrzeuge |
DE102007057064A1 (de) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-05-28 | Hennecke Gmbh | Verfahren zum Verfestigen eines Schotterbetts und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
CN107313313B (zh) * | 2017-05-25 | 2019-04-30 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | 预制聚氨酯固化道床的排架施工方法 |
CN108486963B (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2023-08-01 | 西南交通大学 | 无砟轨道防排水路基基床结构及其铺设方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-07-11 DE DE102019210289.1A patent/DE102019210289A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-07-06 EP EP20739601.1A patent/EP3997270B1/de active Active
- 2020-07-06 WO PCT/EP2020/069023 patent/WO2021005015A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2021005015A1 (de) | 2021-01-14 |
EP3997270B1 (de) | 2023-11-22 |
DE102019210289A1 (de) | 2021-01-14 |
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