EP3993918A1 - VERFAHREN ZUR STEUERUNG EINER KÜHLEINRICHTUNG IN EINER WALZSTRAßE - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUR STEUERUNG EINER KÜHLEINRICHTUNG IN EINER WALZSTRAßEInfo
- Publication number
- EP3993918A1 EP3993918A1 EP20736932.3A EP20736932A EP3993918A1 EP 3993918 A1 EP3993918 A1 EP 3993918A1 EP 20736932 A EP20736932 A EP 20736932A EP 3993918 A1 EP3993918 A1 EP 3993918A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- rolling stock
- cooling device
- scale
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B45/0233—Spray nozzles, Nozzle headers; Spray systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B45/0218—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
- B21B2038/004—Measuring scale thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
- B21B38/006—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product for measuring temperature
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a control device for controlling a cooling device which is set up to control the temperature of a rolling stock, preferably a metal strip, which runs through the cooling device along a conveying direction.
- the cooling device is preferably arranged in front of a rolling train, in particular between a roughing train and a finishing train.
- the required temperatures of the rolling stock could be set in a furnace located in front of the rolling train, taking into account the material-specific temperatures, idle times and the like, so that the rolling stock can then be reshaped in the rolling train with optimal temperature distribution and brought to its final dimensions.
- the furnace temperature would have to be adjusted for each rolling stock in accordance with the respective forming process. Therefore, such ovens are used in Generally kept at a high temperature that allows all of the forming processes required as part of a production process or a production cycle to be carried out.
- the temperature set in this way is too high or at least unnecessarily high for many rolled goods, in particular metal strips.
- metal strips of different thicknesses cool down at different speeds. A targeted setting of the temperature of the metal strips or metal goods to be rolled is therefore not easily possible.
- the pre-strip cooler defines a cooling section in which a liquid cooling medium, usually water with or without additives, is applied to the rolling stock.
- a liquid cooling medium usually water with or without additives
- the pre-strip cooler is set up to set the desired temperature of the rolled stock for finish rolling, depending on the rolled stock, in particular the material to be rolled, and possibly on process parameters.
- the inlet temperatures in the finishing train can be reduced in a targeted manner.
- the temperatures that can be achieved with such a pre-strip cooler are approximately in the range from 1,050 ° C to 1,150 ° C.
- the temperatures of the rolling stock can be uniform over the Length can be reduced, or alternatively it can be wedge-shaped
- Temperature decrease can be set.
- the head of the metal strip i.e. the section that enters the finishing train first, is cooled more than the end of the strip. This can prevent the end of the strip from overcooling, especially in the case of slow process management.
- the surface temperature of the metal strip Before and / or after such pre-strip cooling, the surface temperature of the metal strip can be measured. However, the temperature distribution or average temperature along the thickness of the metal strip cannot be easily measured.
- DE 10 2012 224 502 A1 describes a rolling process in which one is present in the rolling stock
- Temperature distribution is calculated by means of a temperature calculation model, the total enthalpy of the rolling stock being processed in the temperature calculation model. An output variable from the temperature calculation model is then used to control the rolling process.
- One object of the invention is to further improve the calculation of the temperature distribution in the rolling stock, in particular to improve the To be able to predict and regulate the inlet temperature of the rolling stock in a rolling train as precisely as possible.
- the method according to the invention is used to control a cooling device which is set up to control the temperature of a rolling stock.
- the rolling stock is preferably a metal strip. Even if metal strips made of steel are particularly suitable, the method can be used for all or at least many other metallic materials, for example made of an aluminum, nickel or copper alloy, in strip, sheet metal, tube or other form.
- the rolling stock is transported through the cooling device along a conveying direction.
- the cooling device is particularly preferably part of a rolling plant. For example, it is arranged in front of a rolling train in order to bring the rolling stock to a temperature suitable for rolling.
- the cooling device is preferably arranged between a roughing train and a finishing train, each of which has one or more roll stands for rolling the rolling stock.
- a total enthalpy of the system formed by the rolling stock is determined.
- scale formation occurs on the surface of the rolling stock.
- the scale layer reduces the heat dissipation through radiation and influences the heat conduction.
- a measure for the scale formation is also determined.
- This measure preferably includes a scale factor that depends on the chemical composition and the surface temperature of the rolling stock.
- the temperature distribution and / or average temperature in the rolling stock is now based on a Calculated temperature calculation model, in which the determined total enthalpy and the measure for the scale formation are included.
- a cooling capacity of the cooling device is set taking into account the calculated temperature distribution and / or average temperature.
- the method improves the calculation of the rolling stock temperature.
- the accuracy of the temperature distribution and / or average temperature is improved by taking into account the formation of scale.
- the cooling device can be regulated in such a way that the rolling stock has the desired average temperature or temperature distribution when it emerges from the cooling device.
- a rolling train for example a finishing train
- the optimal inlet temperature of the rolling stock in the rolling train can be set in this way by regulating the cooling device during rolling without any pauses.
- the inlet temperature of the rolling stock in the rolling train preferably the finishing train, connected downstream of the cooling device is calculated.
- the application i.e.
- the cooling device in particular as pre-strip cooling, also reduces surface defects caused by the formation of scale. Furthermore, the method enables temperature irregularities in the rolling stock to be flomogenized by means of a defined adjustable cooling power of the cooling device.
- the total enthalpy of the rolling stock is preferably calculated from the sum of the free molar enthalpies of all the pure phases and / or phase fractions present in the rolling stock. Such a decomposition gives the total enthalpy Can be calculated for a large number of different metallic materials using one and the same temperature calculation model.
- the temperature calculation model is preferably based on a non-stationary heat equation, for example on a partial differential equation, which relates the spatial temperature distribution in the rolling stock to the development of the total enthalpy over time.
- the heat equation for example Fourier’s heat equation, can be solved by means of a conventional numerical technique, for example by simulation, for the corresponding boundary conditions specified by the process environment in the cooling section. This allows the temperature distribution in the rolling stock to be determined with the desired accuracy.
- the sequence preferably consists of determining the total enthalpy, possibly determining the degree of scale formation, calculating the temperature distribution and setting the cooling capacity iteratively or cyclically, so that a desired temperature distribution or average temperature in the rolling stock is approached.
- the initial conditions are set: for example, the rolling stock temperature is set to an initial value T0, which is the surface temperature before entry into the cooling section; the scale thickness is set, for example, to 0 mm and the average cooling rate, for example, to 5 K / s as a default value.
- the iteration is started based on this, whereby the calculated temperature profile gradually approximates a quasi-stationary temperature profile.
- “Quasi-stationary” here means that the temperature profile can be changed by regulating the cooling device and is also used to adjust the inlet temperature in any rolling mill.
- the setting of the cooling capacity of the cooling device is preferably carried out by comparison with a threshold value or a tolerance. This means that if the calculated temperature distribution deviates from a setpoint temperature distribution by more than a specified tolerance, the cooling capacity is adapted. Otherwise there is no need to change the cooling capacity.
- the entire calculated temperature distribution does not necessarily have to be used for this decision, but for the sake of simplicity one or more temperature values or the average temperature can be compared with a corresponding setpoint. For example, the setpoint and actual value of the surface temperature at the outlet of the cooling device can be compared with one another. If the difference is outside the specified tolerance, for example of ⁇ 2 ° C., the cooling capacity is adjusted.
- the cooling device preferably has a nozzle arrangement with a plurality of nozzles, which is set up to supply the nozzles with a fluid cooling medium, preferably water or a water mixture, the cooling capacity of the cooling device in this case being set by the amount of cooling medium output by the nozzles becomes. In this way, the cooling capacity of the cooling device can be adjusted in a simple and direct manner.
- a fluid cooling medium preferably water or a water mixture
- One or more temperature measuring devices are preferably provided, the measured values of which are included in the determination of the total enthalpy and / or determination of the measure for the formation of scale and / or in some other way in the temperature calculation model.
- a first temperature measuring device can be arranged directly behind the roughing train and a second temperature measuring device can be arranged directly in front of the finishing train.
- alternative or further temperature measuring devices can be located in the cooling section, in the roughing train and / or Finishing train are located, as well as any sensors for determining further physical variables, such as the conveying speed of the rolling stock, can be provided.
- the temperature measuring devices preferably work without contact and are generally designed in such a way that they essentially detect the surface temperature of the rolling stock.
- Temperature measuring devices and any other sensors are sent to a control device, wired or wireless, where they are further processed with the aid of the temperature calculation model in order to obtain control variables for controlling the cooling device and any other system parts such as the roughing and / or finishing train.
- Control commands are also wired or wirelessly to the corresponding actuators, such as pumps and / or valves
- Cooling device sent whereby the cooling capacity of the cooling device can be varied in time and / or space along the cooling path.
- phase transition temperatures are preferably determined by means of a regression method using regression coefficients which are preferably obtained from a calculated or empirically obtained ZTU diagram (time-temperature conversion diagram). Since the conversion temperatures can be determined very precisely using calculated ZTU diagrams, the temperature calculation can be carried out particularly precisely and with the greatest possible reliability of the input data.
- ZTU diagram time-temperature conversion diagram
- the total enthalpy is preferably used as the free molar total enthalpy H of the rolling stock by means of the Gibbs energy G at constant pressure p according to the equation determined, where T denotes the absolute temperature in Kelvin.
- the Gibbs energy G of the overall system is preferably expressed as the sum of the Gibbs energies of the pure phases and phase fractions according to the equation determined, where f denotes the Gibbs energy fraction of the respective phase or the respective phase fraction in the overall system and G 'denotes the Gibbs energy of the respective pure phase or the respective phase fraction of the system.
- the temperature calculation can be particularly accurate and with the greatest possible reliability of the input data be performed.
- the rolling stock preferably consists of steel, with proportions of austenite, ferrite and liquid phase, the liquid phase generally no longer being present in the case of metal strips during the rolling process.
- the Gibbs energy of the respective phases is preferably based on the following equation determined, where Q f is the Gibbs energy of a respective phase f, xP is the mole fraction of the / th component of the respective phase f, Gl p is the Gibbs energy of the / th component of the respective phase f, R is the general gas constant, T die absolute temperature in Kelvin, E Q F denote the Gibbs energy for a non-ideal mixture and ma9i1 G 0 denotes the magnetic energy of the system.
- the Gibbs energy for a non-ideal mixture E Q F is preferably according to the equation
- the proportion of magnetic energy is preferably according to the equation determined, where R denotes the general gas constant, T the absolute temperature in Kelvin, ß the magnetic moment and f (r) denotes the proportion of the overall system depending on the normalized Curie temperature t of the overall system formed by the rolled material.
- the conversion kinetics of the phases are preferably determined using a diffusion-controlled approach according to the Enomoto equation; more precisely by means of the following equation:
- x c ° denotes the carbon concentrations in the volume
- x c a the carbon concentrations at the phase boundary on the ferrite side
- x c ⁇ the carbon concentrations at the phase boundary on the austenite side.
- the carbon concentrations are calculated from the equilibrium concentrations, which in turn result from the equilibrium of the chemical potentials at the phase boundaries.
- T the current temperature of the rolling stock
- t denotes the cooling rate.
- the starting temperature for the phase transition is preferably determined from the regression equations of the TTT diagrams.
- D ⁇ denotes the diffusion constant of carbon in austenite according to
- the thickness of the scale that forms on the rolling stock after a period of time is preferably determined according to the following calculation formula
- Dz (t) denotes the thickness of the scale
- t the time
- dt the period of time
- Fz the scale factor
- v the conveying speed of the rolling stock
- dz denoting a distance covered in the period dt at the conveying speed v.
- the scale factor Fz is preferably dependent on the surface temperature of the rolling stock and its chemical composition according to the equation
- T 0 denotes the surface temperature of the rolling stock
- C% denotes the dimensionless concentration of carbon in the material of the rolling stock
- a, b and c are coefficients known from the literature; See, for example, R. Viscorova, Investigation of the heat transfer during spray water cooling with special consideration of the influence of scaling, TU Clausthal, Dissertation, 2007.
- the above equation for determining the scaling factor provides particularly good results for metal, especially steel, with small silicon contents, especially less than 2 Wt%.
- the heat transfer coefficient of the scale is preferably determined according to the equation considered, where is the thermal transmittance of the
- control device for controlling a cooling device which is set up to control the temperature of a rolling stock, preferably a metal strip, which runs through the cooling device along a conveying direction.
- the control device is set up to carry out a method as described above.
- the control device can be implemented locally or decentrally for this purpose.
- the control device can comprise several computing devices which communicate with one another via a network.
- the control device can be adapted flexibly and inexpensively, for example, by appropriate programming.
- the invention is also applicable to many other types of metal Materials, for example aluminum, nickel or copper alloys, as well as rolled goods with other geometries can be used.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a cooling device arranged between a roughing train and a finishing train.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing Gibbs energy as a function of temperature for pure iron.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram which shows the course of the total enthalpy according to Gibbs for a low-carbon steel with known phase boundaries.
- FIG. 4 is a ZTU diagram that was determined for a low-carbon material using regression equations.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram which shows the scale thickness as a function of the scale time at different surface temperatures.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the scale thickness as a function of the plant length for various carbon contents.
- FIG. 7 a is a diagram which shows, by way of example, a calculated and measured temperature profile as a function of time without taking the influence of scale into account.
- FIG. 7b is a diagram which shows, by way of example, a calculated and measured temperature profile as a function of time, taking into account the influence of scale.
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram which illustrates an exemplary process sequence for regulating the cooling device according to FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a cooling device 10, implemented in the present exemplary embodiment as a so-called pre-strip cooler, between a roughing train 1 and a finishing train 2.
- the roughing train 1 and the finishing train 2 each have one or more roll stands 1a, 2a for rolling a rolling stock that is transported through the system along a conveying direction F.
- a metal strip B is also used as the rolling stock.
- the roughing train 1 is preferably used to roll from a slab, for example coming from a continuous caster, into a sliver. After passing through the cooling device 10, the pre-strip is finish-rolled by the finishing train 2 to the desired final thickness.
- metal strip includes all metals and alloys in sheet form that are suitable for rolling, in particular steel and non-ferrous metals such as aluminum or nickel alloys.
- the last roll stand 1a of roughing train 1 and the first roll stand 2a of finishing train 2 are shown by way of example. Spatial relationships such as “in front of”, “behind”, “first”, “last” etc. in relation to the conveying direction F can be seen here.
- the cooling device 10 has a nozzle arrangement 11 with a plurality of nozzles 11a.
- the nozzle arrangement 11 defines a continuous cooling section in which the metal strip B is cooled in a targeted manner and which preferably begins immediately behind the roughing train 1 and ends immediately in front of the finishing train 2. It should be pointed out, however, that other units, such as a descaling machine, a thermal insulation hood, scissors and the like, can also be installed in the area between the roughing train 1 and the finishing train 2.
- the nozzle arrangement 11 has a fluid system with pump (s), distribution line (s), valve (s) and the like, not shown in detail in FIG. 1, which is set up to supply the nozzles 11a with a fluid cooling medium, preferably water or a water mixture to supply.
- the nozzles 11a are set up to spray the cooling medium onto the metal strip B, in particular the two strip surfaces.
- the nozzles 11 a are suitably positioned and aligned in order to apply a variable amount of cooling medium to the metal strip B, preferably controllable in sections along the cooling path.
- one or more temperature measuring devices 20, 21 are preferably located between roughing train 1 and finishing train 2.
- a first temperature measuring device 20 is immediately behind roughing train 1 and a second temperature measuring device 21 is arranged immediately in front of the finishing train 2.
- alternative or further temperature measuring devices can be located in the cooling section, in roughing train 1 and / or finishing train 2, as well as any sensors for determining further physical variables, such as the conveying speed of metal strip B, for example.
- the temperature measuring devices 20 preferably work without contact and are generally designed in such a way that they essentially determine the surface temperature of the metal strip B. If the surface temperature is known at one or more points between roughing train 1 and finishing train 2, temperature measuring devices 20,
- the measurement data of the temperature measuring devices 20, 21 and any other sensors are sent to a control device 30, by cable or wirelessly, where they are further processed with the aid of a physical model in order to obtain control variables for controlling the cooling device 10.
- the control commands are also sent by cable or wirelessly to the corresponding actuators, such as pumps and / or valves, of the cooling device 10, whereby the cooling capacity of the cooling device 10 can be varied in terms of time and / or space along the cooling path, around the metal strip B as precisely as possible to bring the temperature required for the finishing train 2.
- the process control described herein can be used for cooling devices of any kind, the task of which is to specifically cool a metallic product, in particular rolled stock, to a desired final temperature.
- the arrangement of the cooling device 10 is not restricted to the fact that it is arranged downstream of a roughing train 1 with roll stands 1a or, in particular, is arranged between a roughing train 1 and a finishing train 2.
- the cooling device 10 can, for example, also be arranged between two roll stands 1 a of a roughing train 1 or between two roll stands 2a of a finishing train 2.
- a physical model is used to determine the temperatures.
- the temperature distribution in metal strip B can be determined as a function of the process conditions using a temperature calculation program.
- the model and the basics of the temperature calculation program are given. An exemplary process sequence for regulating the cooling device 10 is then presented.
- the core task of the temperature calculation program concerns the calculation of the roughing strip temperature, that is to say the temperature distribution in the metal strip B at the moment of entry into the cooling device 10, which may have previously passed through the roughing train 1.
- the calculation is preferably carried out using a finite difference method.
- the metal strip B is mathematically divided into thin strips.
- the boundary conditions are formulated taking into account the dimensions of the cooling zones of the cooling device 10, the quantities and temperature of the cooling medium and the ambient temperature.
- Process variables such as the belt speed and the surface temperature of the belt as well as the thickness and / or the chemical composition of the metal belt B are also included in the calculation of the temperature distribution and are therefore immediately and immediately included in the calculation in the event of a change.
- the result is a temperature distribution in the metal strip B.
- the basis of the temperature calculation is the unsteady heat equation, see equation (1) below, which takes into account thermal boundary conditions and Fourier's law, according to which a heat flow in the direction of the temperature gradient is established depending on the thermal conductivity l.
- the equation includes the density p and the enthalpy Fl of the material.
- the energy released during the conversion can be combined with the heat capacity to form a total enthalpy H.
- the necessary input variables for the calculation of the temperature distribution are the heat conduction or thermal conductivity l and the total enthalpy H, since these variables have a decisive influence on the temperature result.
- the thermal conductivity l is a function of the temperature, the chemical composition and the phase proportion and can be determined experimentally for the pure phases.
- the enthalpy H cannot be measured and for certain chemical compositions of the metal strip B it can only be described imprecisely with approximate equations. Any numerical solution to the above differential equation (1) can therefore lead to inaccurate temperature results.
- the energy flowing in or out from outside heat transfer through convection
- the aim is to determine the overall enthalpy curve with phase boundaries that are as exact as possible.
- the molar enthalpy of the system here the metal band B, is calculated using the Gibbs energy according to the following equation
- the Gibbs energy of the overall system can be calculated using the Gibbs energies of the pure phases and their phase proportions according to the following equation
- ft denotes the phase component of phase 0 and the molar Gibbs energy of this phase f.
- the Gibbs energy results as:
- equation (4) the terms correspond to the single element energy, a contribution for the ideal mixture and a contribution for the non-ideal mixture (equation 5)) and the magnetic energy (equation (6)).
- Q f denotes the Gibbs energy of a phase f
- xf denotes the mole fraction of the / th component of the corresponding phase
- Gl p denotes the Gibbs energy of the / th component of the corresponding phase
- R denotes the general gas constant
- T denotes the absolute temperature in Kelvin
- E Q F denotes the Gibbs energy for a non-ideal mixture
- ma9i1 G 0 denotes the magnetic energy of the system
- a denotes a correction term
- a L ⁇ ; j and a A, / c designate interaction parameters of different orders of the overall system formed by the metal strip B.
- ⁇ denotes the magnetic moment
- f (r) denotes the proportion of the overall system as a function of the normalized Curie temperature t of the overall system formed by the metal strip B.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the Gibbs energy as a function of temperature for pure iron. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the individual phases ferrite, austenite and the liquid phase assume a minimum for a characteristic temperature range at which these phases are stable.
- phase transition temperatures are correct for the state of equilibrium. Since the rolling process in connection with the cooling process is not a state of equilibrium, but a dynamic process, the phase transition temperatures must also be calculated in the dynamic case. In the cooling device 10, for example, a cooling rate of 5 to 20 ° C./s, for steel of 5 to 10 ° C./s, is achieved. For such and higher cooling, the phase transition temperatures can no longer from the respective Equilibrium diagram can be derived.
- ZTU diagrams time-temperature conversion diagrams
- FIG. 3 shows the course of the total enthalpy according to Gibbs for a low-carbon steel with known phase boundaries.
- phase transition temperatures are now determined using regression methods.
- the regression coefficients here preferably originate from a large number of different ZTU diagrams.
- ⁇ denotes the transformation temperatures at which the structure of ferrite, pearlite, bainite or martensite is formed or the formation of pearlite is terminated.
- ⁇ and T f indicate the maximum cooling rate at which ferrite or pearlite is formed, whether the Structure contains 100% ferrite and pearlite or whether it comes to the formation of 20, 80 or 100% martensite.
- a > , bij and a denote regression constants and Ci
- Cj denote the concentrations of the individual elements in percent by weight.
- the number of analysis components of the chemical composition of the metal strip B taken into account is denoted by n.
- M is the ASTM grain size and can range from 1 to 10 accept. With these parameters it is possible to construct a ZTU diagram or ZTU diagram.
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary ZTU diagram for a low-carbon material that was determined using the specified regression equations.
- x c ° denotes the carbon concentrations in the volume
- x c a the carbon concentrations at the phase boundary on the ferrite side
- x c ⁇ the carbon concentrations at the phase boundary on the austenite side.
- the carbon concentrations are calculated from the equilibrium concentrations, which in turn result from the equilibrium of the chemical potentials at the phase boundaries.
- T the current temperature of the metal strip B, here the steel pre-strip
- T denotes the cooling rate.
- the starting temperature for the phase transition is determined from the regression equations of the ZTU diagrams.
- D ⁇ denotes the diffusion constant of carbon in austenite according to
- the total enthalpy can be determined with the temperatures of the phase boundaries and the structural components obtained in this way.
- temperature-dependent and phase-dependent heat conduction or thermal conductivity and density also appear. These material-dependent values are determined for each structural phase of the metal strip B using regression equations.
- Dz (t) denotes the scale thickness at time t
- Fz denotes the scale factor
- dt denotes the scale time.
- scaling time denotes the time interval between two calculation points in the longitudinal direction of the metal strip
- the scale factor Fz is dependent on the surface temperature of the metal strip B and the chemical analysis of its material composition (steel)
- T 0 denotes the surface temperature of the metal strip B and C% denotes the dimensionless concentration of carbon in the material a, b and c are coefficients known from the literature; See, for example, R. Viscorova, Investigation of the heat transfer in spray water cooling with special consideration of the influence of scaling, TU Clausthal, dissertation, 2007.
- Equation (14) provides particularly good results for metal, in particular steel, with small silicon contents, in particular less than 2% by weight.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the scale thickness as a function of the scaling time at different surface temperatures.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram which shows the scale thickness as a function of the plant length for various carbon contents.
- scale thus depends heavily on the analysis, in particular on the carbon content of the material. With a low carbon content, more scale is formed than with a higher carbon content. Pure iron scales more strongly than steel with a higher carbon content. In addition to the scaling time, the scale growth also depends heavily on the surface temperature of the metal strip B. The layer of scale prevents the metal strip B from emitting heat.
- thermal conductivity of the scale depends on the temperature.
- Table 1 contains exemplary values, including thermal conductivity values lambda (A) at different temperatures, on the one hand for the scale layer and on the other hand for a material made of steel:
- the thermal conductivity of the scale layer is much smaller than that of the steel material.
- the heat transfer coefficient of the scale is defined as:
- a z ⁇ z , l z denotes the heat transfer coefficient of the scale
- D z the thickness of the scale
- l z the coefficient of thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity) of the scale.
- the surface temperature of the scale layer Tz can be calculated via the heat balance and from this the heat radiation of the metal strip B to the environment can be determined.
- the scale layer thus reduces the cooling of the metal strip B.
- FIG. 7a is a diagram which shows, by way of example, a calculated and measured temperature profile as a function of time without taking the influence of scale into account. A large discrepancy between measurement and calculation can be seen here.
- FIG. 7b shows the calculated and measured temperature profile as a function of time, taking into account the influence of scale. There is a good correspondence between calculation and experiment.
- an exemplary process sequence for using the model, ie for determining the temperature distribution in the metal strip B, and for regulating or activating the cooling device 10 is described using the flow chart in FIG.
- the input or control variables of the model are the surface temperatures of the metal strip B, which are determined by the temperature measuring devices 20, 21. If a surface temperature is specified as the setpoint at the output of the cooling device 10, the temperature calculation model in the control device 30 calculates the amount of cooling water required to achieve the desired surface temperature of the metal strip B passing through the cooling device 10. The calculated values of the temperature distribution in the metal strip B are immediately visible and can be used for the control and / or regulation of the cooling device 10 and, if applicable, the downstream finishing train 2 of the rolling train. The values for the temperature distribution are updated with each new cyclical or iterative calculation.
- a first step A1 the process is prepared, which includes: calculating the Gibbs energy and the enthalpy curve for each phase and each temperature; Determining the scale factor; Creating a ZTU diagram; and determining the coefficient of thermal conductivity and density for all pure phases as a function of temperature from regression equations.
- step A2 the calculation network for the current strip geometry (strip width and strip thickness) is created.
- step A3 the initial conditions for the subsequent iteration are established.
- the workpiece temperature or rolled stock temperature T downstream of roughing train 1 is set to an initial value T0 for all calculation nodes.
- the scale thickness is set to 0 mm and the average cooling rate, for example, to 5 K / s as a default value.
- step A4 Determination of the phase boundaries and structural components from the TTT diagram for the current mean cooling rate; Calculating the enthalpy as a function of the temperature from the enthalpies of the pure phases and the phase distribution; and calculating the coefficients of thermal conductivity and densities from the pure phases and the phase distribution.
- step A5 the enthalpy H is determined from the current node temperature T for all calculation nodes.
- step A6 equation (1) is numerically solved to calculate the entire course of enthalpy and temperature over time.
- the deviation of the setpoint value from the actual value of the surface temperature is determined in F1 and compared with a threshold value or a tolerance (for example ⁇ 2 ° C). If the deviation is within the tolerance (“yes”), the next iteration step takes place in step A8. If the deviation is outside the tolerance (“no”), before the next iteration step according to A8, the operation of the cooling device 10 is adjusted / changed, preferably the amount of cooling medium output by the nozzles 11a is adjusted.
- the method presented here makes it possible to adjust the optimal inlet temperature of the metal strip B into the finishing train 2 by regulating the cooling device 10 during the rolling without pause times. Depending on the application, ie depending on the forming process taking place, this means avoiding unnecessary productivity losses.
- the cooling device 10, in particular as pre-strip cooling reduces surface defects caused by the formation of scale.
- the temperature calculation model and its implementation as a method or in the control device 30 enables the temperature distribution within the metal strip B in the cooling device 10 to be calculated with greater accuracy, whereby a material-dependent, optimal amount of the cooling medium, preferably water, can be set and controlled in the cooling device 10 . Since the total enthalpy can be specified as an input variable in the temperature calculation for almost all materials currently manufactured worldwide with the Gibbs energies and the conversion temperatures can be determined very precisely using calculated ZTU diagrams, the temperature calculation can be carried out particularly precisely and with the greatest possible reliability of the input data .
- the method enables a homogenization of temperature irregularities in the metal strip B (pre-strip) over the length and / or the width via a defined adjustable cooling power of the cooling device 10.
- the method takes into account the scale formation and contains a calculation of the scale layer thickness on the metal strip B, whereby the Calculation of the heat output of the metal strip B before and after cooling is optimized.
- the data calculated to regulate the cooling device 10 can be passed on to a preset model of any subsequent finishing train 2 (for example caloric mean temperature, grain size, or the like).
- the cooling medium quantities required for cooling in the cooling device 10 can be determined and regulated in such a way that the inlet temperature required in the inlet of the finishing train 2 is reached exactly.
- low inlet temperatures can be used specifically to increase the rolling speed and thus increase production.
- metal strip B made of steel all types of suitable metal strips B, for example made of an aluminum, nickel or copper alloy, are included.
- the model presented herein and its application as a method and in the control device 30 can also be applied to metal strips B of such materials.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019209660 | 2019-07-02 | ||
| DE102019216261.4A DE102019216261A1 (de) | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-23 | Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Kühleinrichtung in einer Walzstraße |
| PCT/EP2020/067681 WO2021001239A1 (de) | 2019-07-02 | 2020-06-24 | VERFAHREN ZUR STEUERUNG EINER KÜHLEINRICHTUNG IN EINER WALZSTRAßE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3993918A1 true EP3993918A1 (de) | 2022-05-11 |
| EP3993918B1 EP3993918B1 (de) | 2024-03-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20736932.3A Active EP3993918B1 (de) | 2019-07-02 | 2020-06-24 | Verfahren zur steuerung einer kühleinrichtung in einer walzstrasse |
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| US (1) | US12226814B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3993918B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114126777B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019216261A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TWI754979B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021001239A1 (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4101553B1 (de) * | 2021-06-07 | 2024-01-31 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Kühlen eines walzguts vor einer fertigstrasse einer warmwalzanlage |
| EP4119247B1 (de) * | 2021-07-15 | 2024-04-24 | Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH | Berücksichtigung der zustandsabhängigen dichte beim lösen einer wärmeleitungsgleichung |
| DE102023135963A1 (de) * | 2023-12-20 | 2025-06-26 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vorbandkühlers in einer Warmbandstraße, Warmbandstraße mit einem zwischen einem Vorwalzwerk und einem Fertigwalzwerk angeordneten Vorbandkühler |
Family Cites Families (19)
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| JP3675042B2 (ja) | 1996-07-04 | 2005-07-27 | ソニー株式会社 | 通信システム、交換機、遠隔保守装置およびそれらの方法 |
| DE19936010B4 (de) * | 1999-08-04 | 2009-04-30 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Unterdrücken von Zunderbildung insbesondere Sekundärzunder beim Warmwalzen von Brammen |
| DE10023480A1 (de) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-15 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zum Säubern oxidierter, warmgewalzter Kupferstäbe |
| DE10110324A1 (de) * | 2001-03-03 | 2002-09-05 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zum Entzundern von Bändern |
| DE10129565C5 (de) * | 2001-06-20 | 2007-12-27 | Siemens Ag | Kühlverfahren für ein warmgewalztes Walzgut und hiermit korrespondierendes Kühlstreckenmodell |
| DE10251716B3 (de) | 2002-11-06 | 2004-08-26 | Siemens Ag | Modellierverfahren für ein Metall |
| DE102004005919A1 (de) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-09-08 | Siemens Ag | Rechnergestütztes Modellierverfahren für das Verhalten eines Stahlvolumens mit einer Volumenoberfläche |
| DE112004002902A5 (de) * | 2004-04-06 | 2007-05-24 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Metalls |
| DE102006047718A1 (de) | 2006-10-09 | 2008-04-17 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Nachverfolgung des physikalischen Zustands eines Warmblechs oder Warmbands im Rahmen der Steuerung einer Grobblechwalzstraße zur Bearbeitung eines Warmblechs oder Warmbands |
| EP2070608B1 (de) * | 2007-07-19 | 2012-09-05 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur kühlungssteuerung, kühlungssteuerungseinheit und kühlwassermengenrechnereinheit |
| FI20070622L (fi) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-04-15 | Outokumpu Oy | Menetelmä ja laitteisto tasaisuuden kontrolloimiseksi ruostumatonta terästä olevan nauhan jäähdytyksessä |
| DE102008011303B4 (de) * | 2008-02-27 | 2013-06-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Betriebsverfahren für eine Kühlstrecke zum Kühlen eines Walzguts mit von der Temperatur losgelöster Kühlung auf einen Endenthalpiewert |
| EP2505277B1 (de) * | 2009-11-24 | 2020-01-01 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Vorrichtung zur herstellung eines heissgewalzten stahlblechs und verfahren zur herstellung eines heissgewalzten stahlblechs |
| EP2841215B1 (de) | 2012-04-27 | 2016-05-18 | Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH | Angleichung von bandeigenschaften durch breitenabhängige vorbandkühlung |
| DE102012224502A1 (de) | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | Sms Siemag Ag | Walzverfahren, bevorzugt für eine Warmbandstraße oder eine Grobblechstraße |
| ITUD20130127A1 (it) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-05 | Danieli Off Mecc | Impianto siderurgico per la produzione di prodotti metallici lunghi e relativo metodo di produzione |
| EP2898963A1 (de) | 2014-01-28 | 2015-07-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kühlstrecke mit zweifacher Kühlung auf eine jeweilige Sollgröße |
| JP6197676B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-04 | 2017-09-20 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | 温度分布予測装置 |
| JP6487786B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-16 | 2019-03-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 熱間圧延鋼板の材質管理システムおよびその方法 |
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- 2020-06-24 WO PCT/EP2020/067681 patent/WO2021001239A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-06-24 CN CN202080049089.4A patent/CN114126777B/zh active Active
- 2020-06-24 EP EP20736932.3A patent/EP3993918B1/de active Active
- 2020-06-24 US US17/618,968 patent/US12226814B2/en active Active
- 2020-06-30 TW TW109122048A patent/TWI754979B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112021026886A2 (pt) | 2022-02-15 |
| WO2021001239A1 (de) | 2021-01-07 |
| EP3993918B1 (de) | 2024-03-27 |
| TW202110549A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
| TWI754979B (zh) | 2022-02-11 |
| DE102019216261A1 (de) | 2021-01-07 |
| US12226814B2 (en) | 2025-02-18 |
| CN114126777A (zh) | 2022-03-01 |
| US20220371066A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
| CN114126777B (zh) | 2023-10-27 |
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