EP3984054A1 - Unité d'interrupteur comportant un tube à vide et boîtier isolant - Google Patents

Unité d'interrupteur comportant un tube à vide et boîtier isolant

Info

Publication number
EP3984054A1
EP3984054A1 EP20725438.4A EP20725438A EP3984054A1 EP 3984054 A1 EP3984054 A1 EP 3984054A1 EP 20725438 A EP20725438 A EP 20725438A EP 3984054 A1 EP3984054 A1 EP 3984054A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulating housing
interrupter
vacuum interrupter
interrupter unit
conductive layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20725438.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3984054B1 (fr
EP3984054C0 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Alexander GOEBELS
Sylvio Kosse
Paul Gregor Nikolic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3984054A1 publication Critical patent/EP3984054A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3984054B1 publication Critical patent/EP3984054B1/fr
Publication of EP3984054C0 publication Critical patent/EP3984054C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/66223—Details relating to the sealing of vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings

Definitions

  • Interrupter unit with a vacuum tube and an insulating housing
  • the invention relates to an interrupter unit according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the modern interrupter units are filled with alternative insulating gases or combinations of vacuum interrupters with surrounding air insulation are used.
  • a usual structure is designed in such a way that a vacuum interrupter is again arranged in a further closed space in which there is purified air or another air-like gas mixture.
  • the vacuum interrupter which is at least partially formed in the outer periphery by an insulating material, for example an insulating ceramic, with a further insulating housing, in particular consisting of a special plastic base such as epoxy resin to envelop.
  • This insulating housing is thus arranged between the outer circumference of the vacuum interrupter and the gas space, which contains, for example, pure air.
  • the insulating housing is pushed over the vacuum tube or the insulating housing is cast around the vacuum tube in a casting process.
  • Such bubbles in turn lead to partial discharges in this area during operation, as a result of which the material of the insulating housing is subject to erosion. The material is attacked at this point and loses its electrical insulation properties.
  • a breakdown can occur in the boundary layer or a breakdown can occur to the outside into the gas space.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an interrupter unit with a vacuum interrupter and an insulating housing which, compared to the prior art, has improved protection against partial discharges in the border area between the vacuum interrupter and the insulating housing and thus early damage or erosion of the material of the Insulating housing is prevented.
  • the interrupter unit according to claim 1 comprises a vacuum interrupter and an insulating housing, wherein the insulating housing has an inner surface and the vacuum interrupter is at least partially limited by an electrically insulating structural material.
  • the structural material in turn has an outer surface, the insulating housing at least partially surrounding the vacuum interrupter.
  • the invention is characterized in that both the inner surface and the outer surface are at least partially provided with a conductive layer, so that in a border area between the vacuum interrupter and the insulating housing, the following layer sequence results from a switching axis directed radially outward:
  • First follows from in The structural material of the vacuum interrupter is exposed to the outside.
  • This structural material has the outer surface, which in turn is provided with a conductive layer or comprises such a conductive layer.
  • This is followed by an adhesion layer which is surrounded by a further conductive layer on the insulating housing or on its inner surface, and this further conductive layer is applied to the inner surface of the insulating housing.
  • a volume material of the insulating housing also follows.
  • the layer sequence described comprises two electrically conductive layers which, viewed radially, delimit the adhesive layer from both sides.
  • the adhesive layer is preferably an adhesive layer that is additionally introduced between the two conductive layers.
  • the two can also be conductive
  • Layers can be designed in such a way that they interact with one another through a corresponding process treatment, for example by heat treatment, in turn, for example by diffusion processes, so that the adhesive layer is formed in the boundary area between the two electrically conductive layers.
  • the adhesive layer could thus also emerge from the two conductive layers.
  • electrically conductive is also understood to mean a semiconducting mate rial, which consists of or comprises conventional semiconductor materials, for example such as silicon, silicon carbide or compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide.
  • the electrical conductivity of the layer is measured sen that the electrical resistance of the layer in the axial direction is a range between 10 8 and 10 15 ohms.
  • the insulating housing prefferably has a decreasing permittivity in a radially outward direction starting from the switching axis.
  • the permittivity at the outer edge of the insulating housing is preferably as close as possible to 1, which means a slight jump in field strength at the transition to the outer insulating medium, for example the purified air.
  • Realistic values for the permittivity of well-suited materials for the insulating housing, such as B. plastics, in particular based on epoxy resin are between 1.2 and 2, in particular between 1.2 and 1.5.
  • the permittivity in the insulating housing can decrease in steps radially outward, which can be achieved by layering different materials in the insulating housing. A gradual change in the permittivity radially outward can also be useful and can be represented.
  • Figure 1 shows a representation for the production of a break
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged illustration of the border area between the insulating housing and the vacuum interrupter according to section II from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a dependence of the electric field along the radial extent r according to III from FIG. 1.
  • Figure 1 the structure or the creation of an interrupter unit 2 with a vacuum interrupter 4 and an insulating housing 6 is illustrated.
  • a vacuum interrupter 4 is shown which has a structural material 22 which surrounds a vacuum space 28.
  • two switching contacts 26 are shown schematically, with at least one of them along a
  • Switching axis 20 is translationally movable.
  • the outer shape of the vacuum interrupter 4 is to be understood purely schematically, the structural material 22, which generally consists of or comprises an insulating ceramic material, generally represents only part of a housing of a vacuum interrupter 4 an area in which the switching contacts 26 be along the switching axis 20, the vacuum interrupter 4 is limited on the outside by a me-metallic outer material.
  • a conductive or semiconducting layer 16 is applied to an outer surface 10 of the vacuum tube 4 or of the structural material 22.
  • This is, for example, a powdery silicon carbide material that is embedded in an epoxy matrix and has a SIC filling level that is between 50 and 70 percent of the total volume.
  • the resulting layer 16 has a conductivity that is dimensioned such that the electrical resistance of the layer in the axial direction is between 10 8 and 10 15 ohms.
  • the conductivity of the layer 16 is determined by the voltage and the predetermined geometric parameters of the vacuum interrupter and the resulting electrical field be true.
  • an insulating housing 6 is pushed over the vacuum interrupter 4.
  • the insulating housing 6 is designed to be cylindrical here, with a form-fitting application of the insulating housing 6 being illustrated here.
  • the insulating housing 6 is poured onto the vacuum interrupter 4, in particular onto the structural material 22.
  • a further conductive layer 14 which is placed on an inner surface 8 of the insulating housing 6 is useful.
  • the same conditions apply to layer 16 that have already been explained for layer 16; in principle, layers 14 and 16 should be of the same type. However, they can also be different in terms of their material and conductivity if this is required, for example, under different adhesion conditions and the resulting different coating processes. This is useful if the field to be described in more detail or field reduction between the layers 14, 16 he is aiming.
  • the interrupter unit is shown schematically in a fer term state.
  • the boundary area 18 between the structural material 22 of the vacuum interrupter 4 and a volume material 24 of the insulating housing 6 is shown in FIG. 1 by a circle which is provided with the reference symbol II and whose enlarged illustration is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 accordingly shows this section, the boundary region 18 between the vacuum interrupter 4 and the insulating housing 6, with the structural material 22 (for example aluminum oxide) being shown as the outer boundary of the vacuum interrupter 4 on the left-hand side of FIG.
  • This structural material 22 has an outer surface 10 on which a conductive layer 16 is applied.
  • the composition of the conductive layer 16 has already been described in the previous paragraph.
  • an adhesion layer 12 which is preferably and essentially formed by an organic adhesive.
  • Another electrically conductive layer 14 follows, the composition of which is very similar to layer 16 or even consists of the same material. This is applied to an inner surface 8 of the insulating housing 6.
  • the volume material 24 of the insulating housing 6 also follows. This material is preferably an epoxy resin. According to FIG. 2, bubbles 32 are shown between layers 16 and 14 in the adhesive layer 12. These bubbles 32 form undesirable, but are difficult to avoid when applying the Iso liergeophuses on the vacuum interrupter 4 or on the structural material 22 of the vacuum interrupter 4.
  • FIG. 3 which also shows the electric field seen along the radial extension of the arrow r from the switching axis 20, it can be seen how the electric field is continuously weakening starting from the switching axis 20 in the vacuum space 28.
  • Section which states that in the case of a true-to-scale representation of this area 28 in FIG. 3, it would have a greater extent.
  • a real jump in the strength of the electric field occurs with the appearance of the structural material 22, in this case the field penetrates from the vacuum into the structural material 22, which has a higher permittivity than the vacuum in the vacuum space 28, and therefore the electric field is greatly reduced.
  • the electric field E gradually decreases radially outwards.
  • FIG. 3 it can be seen that there is no electric field in this area.
  • this air space 30 purified air, but also completely normal air, i.e. an outside atmosphere, but also an air-like mixture that converts nitrogen and carbon dioxide sums up.
  • a jump between the material 24 of the insulating housing 6 can again be seen with respect to the electrical field.
  • the material 24 of the insulating housing 6 generally has a higher permittivity, it being desirable for the permittivity of the material 24 to decrease along the radius so that the jump that can be seen here between the transition from 24 to the area 30 , reduced and as low as possible.
  • the volume material 24 of the insulating housing 6 it can be expedient for the volume material 24 of the insulating housing 6 to have different permittivities along the arrow r.
  • the permittivity of the material should be as low as possible, i.e. as close as possible to 1, in the outdoor area. Inside, the permittivity can be higher. This can be achieved by a layered structure of the volume material 24, so that two or more
  • Layers of different materials with different permittivities are placed concentrically around one another. However, it is also expedient to design the material in such a way that a gradient-like behavior of the permittivity in the direction of the arrow r results.
  • the electrically conductive layers 14 and 16, which enclose the adhesive layer 12 are arranged as described.
  • bubbles 32 can occur in the adhesion layer 12, in which a partial discharge can occur when an electric field is applied, whereby the material of the adhesion layer or the surrounding material or the volume material 24 of the Insulating housing 6 eroded and finally aged. This aging process can reduce the dielectric strength and thus also the service life of the combination Reduce insulating housing 6 and interrupter unit 2 and thus make an earlier replacement necessary.
  • the adhesion layer 12 is embedded in such a way that the same potential is present on its inside and outside and thus the electric field there drops to zero and therefore no partial discharge in the critical area of the adhesion layer 12, in which bubbles 32 can form, takes place.
  • the risk of erosion in this transition or border area 18 is reduced to almost zero by the layers 14 and 16 described.
  • the adhesive layer 12 is generally an adhesive layer that is suitable for gluing the material 24 of the insulating housing 6 to the structural material 22 of the vacuum interrupter 4.
  • it can also be useful to bring the layers 14 and 16 directly onto one another and subject them to a corresponding treatment so that an adhesive layer is formed between them, or the adhesive layer 12 is formed directly by the layers 14 and 16.
  • This can be, for example, a diffusion process or chemical conversion in a further boundary area between these two layers 14 and 16. This measure also helps to suppress bubbles 32 and, if they do occur, to render them harmless by embedding them in materials with the same potential with regard to partial discharge.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité d'interrupteur comprenant un interrupteur à vide (4) et un boîtier isolant (6), le boîtier isolant (6) présentant une surface interne (8) et l'interrupteur à vide (4) est bordé au moins partiellement par un matériau de structure électriquement isolante (22), qui a une surface externe (10), et le boîtier isolant (6) entoure au moins partiellement l'interrupteur à vide (4), dans un état prêt à l'emploi de l'unité d'interrupteur (2), la surface interne (10) du boîtier isolant (6) et la surface externe (10) de l'interrupteur à vide (4) sont séparées par une couche d'adhérence (12), caractérisée en ce que la surface intérieure (8) et la surface externe (10) comportent au moins partiellement une couche électriquement conductrice (14, 16), de telle sorte que, dans une région de délimitation (18) entre l'interrupteur à vide (4) et le boîtier isolant (6), il y a la séquence de couches suivante dirigée radialement vers l'extérieur à partir d'un axe de commutation (20) : un matériau de structure (22) de l'interrupteur à vide ; une surface externe (10) du matériau de structure (22) ; une couche conductrice (16) sur la surface externe (10) du matériau de structure (22) ; une couche d'adhérence (12) ; une couche conductrice (14) sur le boîtier isolant (6) ; une surface interne de boîtier isolant (8) ; et un matériau de volume (24) du boîtier isolant (6).
EP20725438.4A 2019-07-30 2020-04-28 Unité d'interrupteur comportant un tube à vide et boîtier isolant Active EP3984054B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019211345.1A DE102019211345A1 (de) 2019-07-30 2019-07-30 Unterbrechereinheit mit einer Vakuumröhre und einem Isoliergehäuse
PCT/EP2020/061663 WO2021018426A1 (fr) 2019-07-30 2020-04-28 Unité d'interrupteur comportant un tube à vide et boîtier isolant

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3984054A1 true EP3984054A1 (fr) 2022-04-20
EP3984054B1 EP3984054B1 (fr) 2023-07-05
EP3984054C0 EP3984054C0 (fr) 2023-07-05

Family

ID=70681779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20725438.4A Active EP3984054B1 (fr) 2019-07-30 2020-04-28 Unité d'interrupteur comportant un tube à vide et boîtier isolant

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11915895B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3984054B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7263615B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN114175201B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019211345A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021018426A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4002867A (en) 1972-11-01 1977-01-11 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Vacuum-type circuit interrupters with condensing shield at a fixed potential relative to the contacts
JPH05298974A (ja) * 1992-04-21 1993-11-12 Toshiba Corp 樹脂モールド真空バルブ
WO2000041199A1 (fr) 1999-01-06 2000-07-13 Nu-Lec Industries Pty Ltd Procede d'assemblage de logements isoles pour materiel electrique et incorporation d'interrupteurs de circuit dans ces logements
JP4537569B2 (ja) * 2000-04-24 2010-09-01 三菱電機株式会社 真空絶縁スイッチギヤ及びその製造方法
FR2821479B1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2003-04-11 Alstom Materiau isolant pour surmoulage sur appareils moyenne et haute tension, et appareils electriques moyenne et haute tension utilisant un tel materiau
DE10139624C1 (de) * 2001-08-14 2003-04-03 Siemens Ag Elektrisches Schaltgerät für Mittel- oder Hochspannung
DE10249615A1 (de) * 2002-10-21 2004-05-13 Siemens Ag Herstellung eines feststoffisolierten Schalterpols
JP4391115B2 (ja) * 2003-04-09 2009-12-24 三菱電機株式会社 エポキシ樹脂注型物品
US20040242034A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-02 Hubbell Incorporated Electrical assembly and dielectric material
DE102005039555A1 (de) 2005-08-22 2007-03-01 Abb Technology Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schalterpolteilen für Nieder - Mittel - und Hochspannungsschaltanlagen, sowie Schalterpolteil selbst
EP2407990A1 (fr) * 2010-07-15 2012-01-18 ABB Technology AG Élément de pôle de disjoncteur et procédé de production d'un tel élément de pôle
JP2013089376A (ja) * 2011-10-14 2013-05-13 Toshiba Corp 樹脂モールド真空バルブおよびその製造方法
EP3036752A4 (fr) * 2013-08-22 2017-06-07 Dow Global Technologies LLC Procédé de production de parties de pôle de disjoncteur
DE102014210587A1 (de) * 2014-06-04 2015-12-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines feststoffisolierten Schalterpols und feststoffisolierter Schalterpol
DE102014213944A1 (de) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung für Mittel- und/oder Hochspannungsanwendungen
EP2996131B1 (fr) * 2014-09-12 2020-08-05 ABB Schweiz AG Pôle d'interrupteur à vide pour application dans un environnement sous haute pression
DE102015213738A1 (de) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energietechnische Komponente, insbesondere Vakuumschaltröhre
DE102016214755A1 (de) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Keramikisolator für Vakuumschaltröhren
JP6808591B2 (ja) * 2017-08-09 2021-01-06 株式会社日立産機システム 開閉装置及びその製造方法
FR3073663A1 (fr) * 2017-11-16 2019-05-17 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Pole de coupure pour appareil electrique de coupure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP7263615B2 (ja) 2023-04-24
US20220319786A1 (en) 2022-10-06
EP3984054B1 (fr) 2023-07-05
CN114175201B (zh) 2024-03-08
CN114175201A (zh) 2022-03-11
WO2021018426A1 (fr) 2021-02-04
US11915895B2 (en) 2024-02-27
EP3984054C0 (fr) 2023-07-05
JP2022542594A (ja) 2022-10-05
DE102019211345A1 (de) 2021-02-04

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