EP3963899B1 - Dispositif et système permettant de mesurer des intensités sonores de bruits d'un véhicule routier dans la circulation routière - Google Patents

Dispositif et système permettant de mesurer des intensités sonores de bruits d'un véhicule routier dans la circulation routière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3963899B1
EP3963899B1 EP20720375.3A EP20720375A EP3963899B1 EP 3963899 B1 EP3963899 B1 EP 3963899B1 EP 20720375 A EP20720375 A EP 20720375A EP 3963899 B1 EP3963899 B1 EP 3963899B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aks
acoustic sensor
circuit board
printed circuit
road vehicle
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20720375.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3963899A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Strobel
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of EP3963899A1 publication Critical patent/EP3963899A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/04—Structural association of microphone with electric circuitry therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles
    • G08G1/0175—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles by photographing vehicles, e.g. when violating traffic rules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
    • H04R1/083—Special constructions of mouthpieces
    • H04R1/086—Protective screens, e.g. all weather or wind screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/029—Manufacturing aspects of enclosures transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2410/00—Microphones
    • H04R2410/07—Mechanical or electrical reduction of wind noise generated by wind passing a microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a system for measuring the volume of noise from a road vehicle in traffic.
  • Noise pollution for example at early and/or late hours or at night, is a major annoyance for many roadside residents. According to statistics, traffic noise is the second most important form of environmental pollution after air pollution. Traffic noise can increase the risk of heart disease and/or diabetes for those affected. Speed measurement systems and speed limits are known measures against noise pollution.
  • U.S. 2019/082256 A1 Devices for measuring the volume of noise from a road vehicle in traffic are from the prior art U.S. 2019/082256 A1 , U.S. 3,661,224 A and JP H03 113700 A known.
  • U.S. 2019/082256 A1 describes the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the documents JP 2004 312156 A , U.S. 2005/220448 A1 , EP 2 566 182 A1 , U.S. 2013/251183 A1 and U.S. 2013/083957 A1 show measures to protect against contamination in an acoustic sensor.
  • the object of the invention was to improve the measures against noise pollution in road traffic.
  • the device measures the volume of noise from a road vehicle in traffic.
  • the device solves the task through system properties from the specific matching of individual components of the device to one another.
  • the device includes an acoustic sensor.
  • the device includes protective grids to protect the device against the ingress of coarser foreign bodies.
  • the protective grille comprises at least one opening for admitting airborne sound into the device. The opening is arranged axially offset to an axial axis of the device.
  • the device includes a flow bypass. The flow bypass runs between the protective grille and the acoustic sensor. In this way, fluids and/or foreign bodies that have entered the device due to air currents are guided away from the acoustic sensor and out of the device.
  • the device comprises a sound channel arranged parallel to the axial axis, at the first end of which, in the air flow direction, the protective grille is arranged and at the second end of which the acoustic sensor is arranged is.
  • the diameter, length, volume, shape and/or material properties of the sound channel are adapted in order to dampen the device's natural modes.
  • the device also includes a printed circuit board.
  • the printed circuit board includes components and their connections for pre-processing analog or digital signals from the acoustic sensor.
  • the components are designed for analog or digital signal processing and/or for implementing filter functions, phase reversal functions, compressor functions and/or amplifier functions.
  • the printed circuit board includes the acoustic sensor on one side of the printed circuit board.
  • the acoustic sensor is arranged on the rear side of the printed circuit board in the air flow direction.
  • the acoustic sensor has its sound entry opening on the component mounting side of the printed circuit board, and the printed circuit board includes a printed circuit board opening for the sound entry.
  • the acoustic sensor is arranged on the front side of the printed circuit board in the air flow direction. In this case, the acoustic sensor has its sound entry opening on the side of the acoustic sensor opposite the component mounting side of the printed circuit board.
  • the circuit board also includes a computing unit.
  • the arithmetic unit is designed to generate a control signal for a detection unit as a function of signals from the acoustic sensor when it is detected that a target volume has been exceeded. The road vehicle is thus detected. Furthermore, the device includes an interface to provide the control signal of the detection unit.
  • the invention provides a device that detects the volume of passing road vehicles and the road vehicle can flash when a limit value is exceeded, similar to a speed monitoring system.
  • the special feature of the device according to the invention is the functionality and airborne sound detection and its conversion under difficult environmental and flow conditions that exist in road traffic. These environmental conditions also result from the intended use and/or installation locations of the device in road traffic, where relative air currents arise.
  • airborne noise can be detected and converted into electrical signals in a temperature range from -50°C to +90°C, for example -30°C to +70°C.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the individual components of the device, for example the acoustic sensor, Protective grille, the opening for the airborne sound inlet, i.e. the sound inlet opening, the flow bypass and the sound channel, are coordinated with one another, taking airborne and/or structure-borne noise, aeroacoustics, flow and fluid dynamics, electronics and mechanics into account.
  • the device according to the invention provides weather protection for the acoustic sensor of the device. This allows noise in road traffic to be measured under unfavorable weather conditions, such as precipitation. With the device according to the invention, noise measurements of individual road vehicles are carried out by means of the acoustic sensor. If a target volume is exceeded during such a measurement, the device controls a detection unit in order to detect the respective road vehicle, for example to photograph it, comparable to a speed measuring system. In principle, speed limits can therefore be avoided.
  • Road vehicles are, for example, passenger cars, commercial vehicles or tractors.
  • Road vehicles are motor-driven, for example by means of internal combustion engines, electric motors or hybrid-electric.
  • noise is caused by the engine, static friction between the tires and the road surface and the flow resistance of the road vehicle.
  • intentionally starting off with squealing tires constitutes noise pollution.
  • the loudness of these noises is the amplitude, sound pressure or sound pressure level of the airborne noise emanating from these noises.
  • a threshold of 80 decibels is a target volume.
  • the device represents a housing for the acoustic sensor.
  • the term acoustic sensor designates both the acoustic sensor as a component of the device and the entire device.
  • An acoustic sensor is a sensor that detects mechanical vibrations, for example caused by airborne sound waves, and converts them into a processable signal, for example an electrical signal such as an electrical voltage.
  • the signal emitted by the acoustic sensor corresponds to the volume of the noise.
  • the acoustic sensor includes an analog and/or digital signal output.
  • the transformation takes place in two stages. In a first acoustic-mechanical In the transformation stage, the airborne sound is transformed into the movement of an object according to a specific reception principle. In the second mechanical-electrical conversion stage, the movement of the object is converted into an electrical signal according to a specific converter principle.
  • acoustic sensors are an arrangement of a magnet and an electric coil, microphones, accelerometers, piezo sensors or strain gauges.
  • a micro-electromechanical system, MEMS for short, comprising an arrangement of semiconductor elements that absorb vibrations, can also be used as an acoustic sensor.
  • the protective grille is a grille with a mechanical protective function.
  • the protective grille is constructed in such a way that coarser foreign bodies, i.e. particles with a diameter of at least 2 mm, for example dirt particles such as mud particles, dust particles, soot particles, grains of salt, stones, insects or other particles contained in the air, do not get into the Device can penetrate.
  • the opening for the air inlet is positioned in the protective grille in such a way that no direct jet and/or particle stream acts on the first membrane in the axial direction of the sensor.
  • the first membrane is thus mechanically protected by the arrangement and/or geometry of the opening.
  • the aperture or apertures are substantially 2mm wide and substantially 5mm long.
  • the flow bypass ensures that fluids that have entered through the air inlet, for example water, air, and small particles, such as dirt and/or dust, do not agglomerate on the acoustically permeable membrane, but rather through an opening at the outlet of the flow bypass for an air outlet again be transported out of the device.
  • the flow bypass is a self-cleaning flow bypass.
  • the flow bypass is designed acoustically, flow-acoustically and flow-dynamically, so that the generation of aeroacoustic noise generated by the flow is reduced and the acting flow-dynamic forces do not negatively influence, for example damage or degrade, the subsequent components of the device.
  • the sound channel is used for the targeted sound guidance of the airborne sound waves to the acoustic sensor.
  • the sound channel is acoustically specially dimensioned so that if possible no or only few and weak natural modes are formed in the usable frequency range of the acoustic sensor. This targeted dimensioning is essentially based on geometric parameters such as diameter, length, volume and shape.
  • the printed circuit board is also called a board or printed circuit board.
  • the components of the printed circuit board include, for example, logic modules such as ASICS or FPGAs.
  • one component implements a high-pass filter that allows airborne sound waves with frequencies greater than 300 Hz to pass.
  • the dynamic range of a signal is limited by means of compressor functions.
  • the components are, for example, mounted directly on the surface of the printed circuit board, for example soldered, and are also called surface mounted devices, or SMD for short.
  • the circuit board opening corresponds to a hole or a through hole on the circuit board for entry of the airborne sound into the acoustic sensor, which is arranged on the rear side of the circuit board in the air flow direction.
  • the rear side of the circuit board in the air flow direction is the surface of the circuit board on which the components and the acoustic sensor are arranged.
  • a computing unit receives input values, calculates output values from these input values according to a specific process, and outputs the output values.
  • a computing unit is implemented by an electronic circuit unit.
  • Logic components, ASICs, FGPAs, CPUs and GPUs are computing units.
  • the processing unit is integrated on the printed circuit board, for example as a surface mounted device, or SMD for short.
  • a detection unit is, for example, an optical imaging system that generates a photo of the road vehicle. This identifies the road vehicle from which the target volume is exceeded, ie from which a noise nuisance emanates. This allows the police to stop roaring road vehicles and in the event that the target volume is exceeded penalties are imposed. This can reduce the risk of heart disease and/or diabetes for those affected who are exposed to noise pollution.
  • the interface is wired or wireless.
  • the interface is designed for signal transmission using radio technology.
  • the device is coupled to a speed enforcement system.
  • the detection unit is a camera of the speed surveillance system and the interface is an interface to the speed surveillance system.
  • the speed enforcement system is a stationary system or a mobile system, for example mounted on a trailer.
  • the acoustic sensor includes a microphone.
  • the microphone includes a microphone capsule and a transducer.
  • the acoustic-mechanical conversion takes place in the microphone capsule.
  • the microphone capsule includes, for example, a membrane that is excited to vibrate by airborne noise.
  • the mechanical-electrical conversion takes place in the converter.
  • the transducer is, for example, an electrodynamic transducer, such as in a voice coil microphone, or an electrostatic transducer, such as in a condenser microphone.
  • the acoustic sensor is implemented as a MEMS microphone.
  • MEMS microphones are miniaturized microphones that are designed, for example, in SMD technology for direct use on the printed circuit board.
  • MEMS microphones have small dimensions and are easy to process industrially, for example MEMS microphones can be assembled in a reflow soldering process. Compared to other microphones, MEMS microphones are less sensitive to high temperatures and are therefore particularly well suited for automotive applications.
  • the acoustic sensor is an electret condenser microphone.
  • the device comprises an acoustically permeable, hydrophobic and/or lipophobic first membrane.
  • the first membrane is downstream of the protective grille at the first end of the sound duct arranged.
  • the flow bypass runs between the protective grid and the first membrane.
  • the first membrane is permeable to airborne sound waves. Due to the hydrophobic and/or lipophobic behavior, the sound channel is protected against emissions from moisture and particles, for example.
  • the first membrane is a microporous membrane.
  • a membrane with 1.3 ⁇ 10 9 pores/cm 2 is microporous.
  • Such a membrane is particularly waterproof and allows protection at least according to IPX4K.
  • the first membrane is designed to enable protection according to IP69K.
  • the number 6 in IP69K means complete tightness and thus protection against the ingress of solid objects and dust. 9K designates protection against the ingress of water during high-pressure or steam jet cleaning. This is particularly advantageous for protection in automotive applications.
  • the degree of protection indicates the suitability of components for different environmental conditions.
  • the protected systems are divided into corresponding types of protection, so-called International Protection, abbreviated IP codes.
  • IP codes International Protection
  • IPX6K provides protection against powerful jets of water under increased pressure, specific to road vehicles.
  • the shape and/or material properties of the protective grille are adapted in order to protect the first membrane, the sound channel and/or the acoustic sensor against flow-dynamic and/or static forces that arise, for example, from the relative wind or weather.
  • the protective grille and the openings of the protective grille are designed to be rotationally symmetrical, for example.
  • the protective grille is made of plastic, for example, and is shaped in such a way, ie has such a geometry, as to offer a degree of protection of at least IPX6K. A mechanical protective effect of the device is thus achieved and the acoustic sensor is protected against such influences.
  • the protective screen comprises an open-cell material, for example a foam material such as an open-cell polyurethane foam material.
  • Wind and/or water absorption can be adjusted by scalable size of pores in the material.
  • Foam materials are characterized by a very low density and easy processing and processing. Foams are particularly easy to produce from polyurethane.
  • Open-pored polyurethane foam is also called filter foam. Filter foam is particularly good for wind absorption. Filter foam is classified according to pore size/number of pores. The unit used is the number of pores per inch, abbreviated PPI.
  • the protective grille includes a filter foam in the range of 10 to 80 PPI.
  • the protective grille is an exchangeable protective grille in order to be replaced in the event of coarse soiling without having to replace the entire device.
  • the shape and/or material properties of the flow bypass are adapted in order to dampen the aeroacoustic noise generated by the air flow through the flow bypass and/or to protect the first membrane against flow-dynamic and/or static forces.
  • the flow bypass is shaped in such a way that there are as few edges or similar shapes in the flow bypass as possible where flow separation and/or flow turbulence can occur.
  • Flow stalls and/or flow turbulence generate aeroacoustic noise.
  • Flow stalls and/or flow turbulence generate aeroacoustic noise.
  • Targeted shaping greatly reduces the susceptibility to stalls and/or flow turbulence and thus aeroacoustic noise generation as well. This is particularly advantageous in the case of relative air flows, for example during movement of the device when driving a road vehicle.
  • the sound channel is open at one of its two ends and at the other end with a closing element with a Reflection factor complete.
  • Open means open to sound entry.
  • the sound channel, at the sound entry opening of which an acoustically permeable membrane is arranged, is open at this opening.
  • the flow resistance of the sound channel can be adjusted.
  • the final element is the acoustic sensor, for example the microphone, or the printed circuit board.
  • the sound channel essentially has the shape of a truncated cone or a horn part and the first membrane is arranged at the first end of the sound channel with a larger first area and the acoustic sensor is arranged at the second end of the sound channel with a smaller second area.
  • a horn part such as in Fig.1 the DE 38 43 033 C2 a robust system for the highly sensitive detection of airborne sound waves is disclosed.
  • a sound channel in the form of a horn section acoustically couples the receiver particularly well to the sound field, so that as much of the external sound energy as possible arrives at the receiver. This achieves minimal acoustic damping of the flow of sound energy.
  • the sound channel and the flow bypass are implemented by an inflow component.
  • the inflow component includes a bulge.
  • the bulge includes a hollow space that runs through the axial axis and through which the sound channel is realized.
  • the inflow component is brought together with the protective grille in such a way that the flow bypass is realized by a free space between the inflow component and the protective grille.
  • the inflow component and its bulge are shaped in such a way that the aeroacoustic noise generated by the air flow through the flow bypass is dampened.
  • the inflow component and its bulge do not include any flow separation edges in the flow bypass.
  • the device comprises a housing in which the printed circuit board is arranged.
  • the housing protects the printed circuit board and its components from mechanical and/or thermal influences.
  • the housing includes fasteners, such as screws, around the housing and the device to be attached to an object of a traffic infrastructure, for example a traffic light mast, a crash barrier or a speed enforcement system.
  • the printed circuit board is arranged perpendicularly or parallel to the axial axis of the device.
  • the second end of the sound channel is arranged in the radial extension of a lateral surface of the sound channel.
  • the acoustic sensor for example the microphone and/or the microphone capsule, is coupled to the sound channel parallel to the axial axis of the device. If the printed circuit board is arranged in parallel, the acoustic sensor is coupled to the sound channel perpendicular to the axial axis of the device, that is to say tangentially. Particularly good signals from the acoustic sensor are obtained with the parallel arrangement.
  • the device comprises an elastic sealing component for coupling the acoustic sensor to the sound channel and/or to the printed circuit board.
  • the sealing component compensates for geometric tolerances when assembling the device.
  • the elasticity ensures a defined decoupling of the acoustic sensor, including the microphone capsule, from structure-borne noise. Furthermore, the elasticity ensures an acoustically closed connection between the sound channel and the microphone capsule.
  • the device comprises a decoupling component for damping vibrations and/or for decoupling structure-borne noise.
  • the decoupling component is arranged at a coupling point between the device and a component in which the device can be installed and/or by which the device can be mechanically held.
  • the decoupling component is made of a two-component material that produces an impedance jump that has an acoustic and/or vibration-related effect.
  • the two-component material includes a relatively soft, relatively low impedance material and a relatively hard, relatively high impedance material.
  • the soft material is arranged in front of the hard material in the air flow direction. The impedance jump is carried out over the entire contact surface of the protective grid and the decoupling component.
  • the decoupling component is a molded part, for example.
  • the protective grille and the decoupling component is formed from an injection molded part.
  • the decoupling component is made from vibration-damping materials of different densities, for example from mixed-cell polyurethane foams.
  • the decoupling component has, for example, high mechanical strength and/or good insulating properties. The device can be kept insensitive to vibrations by means of the decoupling component.
  • the device comprises a second membrane for venting the device.
  • the second membrane provides static pressure balancing for the device.
  • the proportional static pressure is compensated by the second membrane.
  • the second membrane prevents the formation of condensate in the device.
  • the device can be retrofitted to objects in the traffic infrastructure as a retrofit component.
  • the computing unit is designed to process an artificially intelligent algorithm.
  • the artificially intelligent algorithm is trained to classify the road vehicles depending on the signals from the acoustic sensor.
  • the target volume depends on the road vehicle classified.
  • the artificially intelligent algorithm is, for example, an artificial neural network trained to classify noise from road vehicles.
  • the device recognizes which type of road vehicle is causing the noise pollution. This makes it possible to distinguish, for example, noise and noise pollution from tractors or trucks, which are usually louder than cars, from noise and noise pollution from cars. The device thus recognizes which type of road vehicle F is causing the noise pollution.
  • the system according to the invention measures the volume of noise from a road vehicle in traffic.
  • the system includes a device according to the invention and a detection unit operatively connected to the device.
  • the detection unit is arranged behind the device in the direction of travel of the road vehicle.
  • the detection unit detects the road vehicle as a function of a control signal from the device. For example, if the device measures that noises emanating from the road vehicle exceed a target volume, the detection unit, which is arranged a few meters behind the device, for example, is activated and photographs the road vehicle.
  • the device triggers the detection unit like a light barrier of a speed enforcement system.
  • the detection unit comprises a camera.
  • the road vehicle is thus photographed when a target volume is exceeded.
  • the detection unit is a speed enforcement system that includes a camera.
  • the system is embodied as a mobile system, for example mounted on a trailer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a protective grid 2, a printed circuit board L, a computing unit 4 and an interface I of an exemplary embodiment of the device AKS according to the invention. Detailed views of this embodiment are in the Figures 6, 7 and 8 shown.
  • the arithmetic unit 4 is mounted on the printed circuit board L.
  • the computing unit 4 processes an artificial neural network.
  • the artificial neural network includes convolutional layers and/or fully connected layers.
  • the artificial neural network is trained to classify noises from road vehicles F depending on the type of road vehicle F. By means of the artificial neural network, the device recognizes which type of road vehicle F is causing the noise pollution.
  • the arithmetic unit 4 determines a control signal for a detection unit K, in order to detect the road vehicle F, as a function of signals from an acoustic sensor 1 of the AKS device when it detects that a target volume has been exceeded.
  • the interface I provides the control signal for the detection unit K, see also 2 .
  • the system includes the AKS device 1 .
  • the interface I of the AKS device is a wired interface, for example, to the detection unit K.
  • the detection unit K is a stationary traffic speed camera for monitoring speeding.
  • the detection unit K includes a camera CAM.
  • the road vehicle F generates noise when driving.
  • the respective airborne sound waves of the noises are recorded and evaluated by the AKS device. Recognizes the arithmetic unit 4 of If the device AKS exceeds the target volume, the camera CAM of the detection unit K is controlled via the interface I of the device AKS in order to detect and identify the road vehicle.
  • the system is mounted on a trailer, for example, which can be driven to defined locations, such as locations with a high level of noise pollution. This makes the system mobile.
  • a printed circuit board L is arranged perpendicularly to an axial axis A of the device AKS.
  • the circuit board is arranged parallel to the axial axis A of the device AKS.
  • a second end E2 of a sound channel 7 is arranged in a radial extension of a lateral surface of the sound channel 7 .
  • the device AKS includes a component B.
  • the component B holds the device AKS.
  • the component B is, for example, an injection molded part or a component produced using an additive method, for example a 3D printing method.
  • the component B includes a circular opening.
  • the component B is only in the 3 , 4 and 5 shown.
  • a protective grid 2 according to the invention is inserted into this opening.
  • the protective grid 2 is coupled to the component B by means of a decoupling component 11 according to the invention, see FIG 3 , 4 and 5 .
  • the protective grille 2 and the decoupling component 11 are made from an injection molded part.
  • the 3 , 4 and 5 includes the protective grille 2 four symmetrically arranged slot-shaped openings 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d.
  • the openings 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are entry openings for airborne sound waves into the device AKS, as are the openings 3a, 3b and 3c in Figures 1, 2 , 6, 7 and 8 .
  • the airborne sound waves enter the AKS device in the air flow direction R.
  • the openings 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are arranged axially offset to an axial axis A of the device AKS.
  • the exploded view in figure 5 shows the openings 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, the protective grid 2 and the decoupling component 11 in a combined state.
  • an inflow component 8 is inserted into the decoupling component 11 .
  • the inflow component 8 comprises a rotationally symmetrical bulge 9.
  • the inflow component 8 is inserted in such a way that a free space remains between the inflow component 8, its bulge 9 and the protective grille 2.
  • the free space forms a flow bypass 6 according to the invention.
  • the flow bypass 6 includes air outlets 6a. The air is discharged from the AKS device through the air outlets.
  • the bulge 9 of the inflow component 8 comprises a hollow space H running through the axial axis A.
  • the hollow space H has the shape of a horn part with a larger first area at a first end E1 of the hollow space H and a smaller second area at a second end E2.
  • the first and the second surface are each base or cover surfaces of the cavity H and are symmetrical to the axial axis A.
  • the cavity H is created, for example, by drilling a hole in the bulge.
  • the cavity H forms a sound channel 7.
  • the airborne sound waves are guided through the sound channel 7 to the acoustic sensor 1.
  • the acoustic sensor 1 is arranged on the rear side of the printed circuit board L in the direction of air flow R, that is, the surface of the printed circuit board L fitted with the electronic components.
  • a first membrane 5 according to the invention is arranged at the first end E1 of the sound channel 7 .
  • the acoustic sensor 1 is arranged as an extension of the second end E2 of the sound channel 7 .
  • the acoustic sensor 1 is an electro-acoustic sensor, for example a microphone.
  • the acoustic sensor 1 is a MEMS microphone.
  • the acoustic sensor 1 is coupled to the sound channel 7 and to a printed circuit board 7 by means of a sealing component 10 .
  • the printed circuit board L is arranged in a housing G.
  • the housing G is an electronics housing.
  • the printed circuit board L includes components and their connections for preprocessing analog or digital signals from the acoustic sensor 1.
  • the printed circuit board L also includes plug connections S in order to connect the printed circuit board L and thus the device AKS to an electronic control unit in terms of signals.
  • the housing G includes a second membrane 12 designed as a venting membrane for static pressure equalization of the housing G and to prevent the formation of condensate in the housing G.
  • the housing G also includes fastening means 13, for example screws.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dispositif (AKS) de mesure du volume sonore d'un véhicule routier (F) dans le trafic routier, le dispositif (AKS) comprenant
    • un capteur acoustique (1),
    • une grille de protection (2) destinée à protéger le dispositif (AKS) contre la pénétration de corps étrangers plus grossiers, la grille de protection (2) comprenant au moins une ouverture (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) destinée à l'entrée de bruits aériens dans le dispositif (AKS), l'ouverture (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) étant disposée en étant décalée axialement par rapport à un axe axial (A) du dispositif (AKS),
    • une carte de circuit imprimé (L), la carte de circuit imprimé (L) comprenant
    ∘ des composants et leurs connexions destinés au prétraitement de signaux analogiques ou numériques du capteur acoustique (1), les composants étant conçus pour effectuer un traitement de signal analogique ou numérique et/ou mettre en œuvre des fonctions de filtrage, des fonctions d'inversion de phase, de fonctions de compression et/ou des fonctions d'amplification,
    ∘ une unité de calcul (4) qui est conçue pour générer un signal de commande d'une unité de détection (K) afin de détecter le véhicule routier (F) en fonction de signaux du capteur acoustique (1) lorsqu'il détecte qu'un volume cible a été dépassé, et
    • une interface (I) pour fournir le signal de commande de l'unité de détection (K),
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend en outre :
    • une dérivation d'écoulement qui s'étend entre la grille de protection et le capteur acoustique afin d'évacuer du dispositif (AKS) des fluides et/ou des corps étrangers qui sont entrés dans le dispositif (AKS) par le biais d'écoulement d'air et les éloigner du capteur acoustique, et
    • un conduit acoustique, à la première extrémité (E1) duquel, par référence au sens de l'écoulement d'air (R), est disposée la grille de protection et à la deuxième extrémité (E2) duquel est disposé le capteur acoustique, le diamètre, la longueur, le volume, la forme et/ou les propriétés de matière du canal acoustique étant adaptés pour amortir des modes propres du dispositif (AKS),
    la carte de circuit imprimé (L) comprenant en outre une ouverture de carte de circuit imprimé, le capteur acoustique étant disposé du côté arrière de la carte de circuit imprimé (L) par référence au sens d'écoulement d'air (R).
  2. Dispositif (AKS) selon la revendication 1, le capteur acoustique (1) comprenant un microphone, le microphone comprenant une capsule de microphone et un transducteur.
  3. Dispositif (AKS) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant une première membrane (5) acoustiquement perméable, hydrophobe et/ou lipophobe qui est disposée derrière la grille de protection (2), par référence au sens d'écoulement d'air (R), à la première extrémité (E1) du conduit acoustique (7), la dérivation d'écoulement (6) s'étendant entre la grille de protection (2) et la première membrane (5).
  4. Dispositif (AKS) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un composant d'étanchéité élastique (10) destiné à accoupler le capteur acoustique (1) au conduit acoustique (7) et/ou à la carte de circuit imprimé (L).
  5. Dispositif (AKS) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un composant de découplage (11) destiné à amortir les vibrations et/ou à découpler des bruits de structure, le composant de découplage (11) étant disposé à un point de couplage entre le dispositif (AKS) et un composant (B) dans lequel le dispositif (AKS) peut être installé et/ou qui permet de maintenir mécaniquement le dispositif (AKS).
  6. Dispositif (AKS) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, l'unité de calcul (4) étant conçue pour traiter un algorithme artificiellement intelligent qui a été soumis à un apprentissage pour classer les véhicules routiers (F) en fonction des signaux du capteur acoustique (1), le volume cible dépendant du véhicule routier classé (F).
  7. Système de mesure du volume de bruits d'un véhicule routier (F) dans le trafic routier, le système comprenant un dispositif (AKS) selon l'une des revendications précédentes et une unité de détection (K) en liaison fonctionnelle avec le dispositif (AKS), l'unité de détection (K) étant disposée derrière le dispositif (AKS) par référence au sens de déplacement du véhicule routier (F) et détectant le véhicule routier en fonction d'un signal de commande du dispositif (AKS).
  8. Système selon la revendication 7, l'unité de détection (K) comprenant une caméra (CAM).
  9. Système selon la revendication 7 ou 8, le système étant mis en œuvre en tant que système mobile.
EP20720375.3A 2019-05-03 2020-04-08 Dispositif et système permettant de mesurer des intensités sonores de bruits d'un véhicule routier dans la circulation routière Active EP3963899B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019206329.2A DE102019206329B4 (de) 2019-05-03 2019-05-03 Vorrichtung und System zur Messung von Lautstärken von Geräuschen eines Straßenfahrzeuges im Straßenverkehr
PCT/EP2020/059968 WO2020224903A1 (fr) 2019-05-03 2020-04-08 Dispositif et système permettant de mesurer des intensités sonores de bruits d'un véhicule routier dans la circulation routière

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DE102021204327A1 (de) 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Anordnung zum Detektieren von Luftschall für automobile Anwendungen und Fahrzeug umfassend wenigstens eine derartige Anordnung
EP4175314A1 (fr) * 2021-10-26 2023-05-03 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Dispositif de microphone doté d'un boîtier fermé et d'une membrane
DE102022205148B3 (de) 2022-05-24 2023-09-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Geschlossener Schallaufnehmer mit schalldurchlässiger Grenzfläche
DE102023200511A1 (de) 2023-01-24 2024-07-25 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Akustische Vorrichtung, Gehäusekörper für eine akustische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer akustischen Vorrichtung sowie eines Gehäusekörpers
DE102023202141A1 (de) 2023-03-10 2024-09-12 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Akustiksensorgehäuse zur Erfassung von Luftschall im Außenbereich von sich im Luftfluid bewegenden Fahrzeugen und Fahrzeug umfassend ein oder mehrere derartige Akustiksensorgehäuse

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EP3963899A1 (fr) 2022-03-09
DE102019206329A1 (de) 2020-11-05
DE102019206329B4 (de) 2022-02-03

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