EP3953418A1 - Additiv, verwendung dazu, isolationssystem und elektrische maschine - Google Patents
Additiv, verwendung dazu, isolationssystem und elektrische maschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3953418A1 EP3953418A1 EP20721443.8A EP20721443A EP3953418A1 EP 3953418 A1 EP3953418 A1 EP 3953418A1 EP 20721443 A EP20721443 A EP 20721443A EP 3953418 A1 EP3953418 A1 EP 3953418A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- carbon atoms
- aryl
- insulation material
- solid insulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/105—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with phenols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- Additive uses for it, insulation system and electrical machine.
- the invention relates to an additive for use in a process for producing an insulation system according to the VPI - Vacuum Pressure Impregnation process, in which a solid insulation material is impregnated with an epoxy-containing impregnation resin at elevated temperature and under pressure.
- the VPI process is known from the literature and has so far been used with acid anhydrides and epoxy resins as the main components of the impregnation agent for vacuum-pressure impregnation of a solid insulation material, which is, for example, a mica tape with a hardening catalyst deposited in it, at an impregnation temperature of approx. 70 ° C and in a vacuum, that is, a pressure less than 1 bar, in particular less than 0.5 bar, carried out successfully.
- a solid insulation material which is, for example, a mica tape with a hardening catalyst deposited in it, at an impregnation temperature of approx. 70 ° C and in a vacuum, that is, a pressure less than 1 bar, in particular less than 0.5 bar, carried out successfully.
- Rotating electrical machines include an electrical winding within a laminated core, for example a stator winding. This is made up of electrical conductors, which may already be surrounded by a solid insulation material, and solid insulation materials as Hauptiso lation against the laminated core. Without further measures, there is no tight connection between the laminated core, the conductors and the main insulation, so that gaps and cavities remain. These areas are filled with air under normal atmospheric conditions. In the case of applications in the medium and / or high voltage range, for example in generators and / or electrical drives, this is not sufficient since electrical partial discharges in the cavities and gaps would destroy the insulation system in a very short time. The resulting electrical breakdown means the failure of the electrical machine.
- the winding made of a solid insulation material is therefore usually impregnated with the impregnating agent in a VPI process.
- a hardenable impregnating resin and / or a corresponding varnish is used as the impregnating agent.
- the solid insulation materials can be made porous in order to increase the absorption of the impregnation resin. Examples of this are mica tapes, insulation papers and / or nonwovens.
- the solid insulation material is implemented, for example, in the form of mica tapes.
- the mica tapes have a tape adhesive and a curing catalyst dissolved and / or finely distributed therein.
- the hardening catalyst is therefore also referred to as "deposited hardening catalyst" in the solid insulation material, because it is stored in the solid insulation material until the impregnation agent - which is liquid at the time - releases the hardening catalyst from the solid insulation material.
- the tape adhesive is used to connect mica paper and carrier materials such as foils and / or glass fabrics, whereas the proportionate "tape accelerator", as the deposited hardening catalyst is also called, mediates the gelling of the liquid impregnating resin and, after gelling, the thermal hardening of the impregnated winding
- the impregnating resin penetrating into the winding during the VPI process dissolves the tape adhesive / deposited curing catalyst combination in the solid insulation material on or out of the pores, for example, and causes the deposited curing catalyst to be distributed in the impregnating agent.
- the distribution of the hardening catalyst in the impregnating resin to be hardened is generally inhomogeneous during the VPI process, because areas in the impregnating agent with high and low concentrations of deposited or contained hardening catalyst result. ren.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to improve the state of the art of acid anhydride-free insulation systems that can be produced by the VPI process and, in particular, to specify an additive which - present in the impregnating agent and / or in the solid insulation material - for a VPI -Process is suitable, whereby it contributes to the realization of the most complete possible hardening of the compound to be polymerized.
- the subject matter of the present invention is a solid insulation material and / or an impregnating agent based on a resin containing epoxy groups for the production of an anhydride-free insulation system by means of VPI, which contains an additive for better distribution of the anhydride-free curing catalyst (s), the additive
- the subject matter of the invention is the use of an additive, as described above, in an impregnating agent and / or in a solid insulation material for use in the VPI process for producing an insulation system of an electrical rotating machine.
- Subject of the invention is an insulation system with an additive as described above and an electrical machine with such an insulation system.
- An insulation system for use in the VPI process for the production of an electrical rotating machine usually comprises a solid insulation material that is impregnated with an impregnation agent in the VPI process by vacuum pressure impregnation, which subsequently hardens to form a thermoset.
- the additive favors a homogeneous distribution of the anhydride-free curing catalyst (s) during the VPI process and thus complete curing even with an unevenly distributed curing catalyst concentration during the VPI process, because it increases the reactivity of the reactive groups of the compound to be polymerized.
- the solid insulation material comprises a carrier such as a glass fabric, a barrier material such as a mica, a tape adhesive for bonding the barrier material to the carrier and finally receiving means such as pores, warps and / or pockets.
- a carrier such as a glass fabric
- a barrier material such as a mica
- a tape adhesive for bonding the barrier material to the carrier and finally receiving means such as pores, warps and / or pockets.
- the impregnating resin in the impregnating agent which in the VPI process is initially sucked into the solid insulation material via negative pressure and then pressed into the solid insulation material under pressure, contains epoxy groups and is selected, for example, from the group of the following resins:
- An additive according to the present invention can add to the epoxy groups of the resin and can also polymerize them. This modifies the resin because the reactivity of its reactive groups is increased and / or its sensitivity to low hardening catalyst concentrations is thereby increased.
- the additive according to the present invention enables complete hardening to the duromer, especially in the case of acid anhydride-free impregnating agents, even in areas with few hardening catalysts, by modifying the epoxy resin-based resin, in particular by modifying the epoxy groups.
- additives that are preferably used here are phenyl carboxylates with the following structures: ; as a basic structure for a linear phenyl carboxylate;
- phenyl carboxylates in a non-stoichiometric manner with respect to the epoxide groups. Even if they are used below stoichiometric levels, they have a significant influence on the reactivity to impregnating agents with low hardening catalyst concentrations, for example with anionic and cationic hardening agents. catalysts. This is impressively shown in FIG. 1 on the basis of DSC measurements.
- FIG. 1 shows the DSC scans of the crosslinking reaction of mixtures of a resin containing epoxy groups with increasing stoichiometric proportions of a cyclic phenyl carbonate, shown here using the example of dihydrocoumarin, with a high concentration of hardening catalyst of 6.5% by weight of an anionically active one Hardening catalysts.
- the scan shown in FIG. 1 shows the evaluation of the reaction exotherms.
- the 5 graphs shown in Figure 1 show the DSC scans - the measurements of dynamic differential calorimetry or "differential scanning calorimetry" - DSC - that is, the thermal analysis to measure the amount of heat given off or absorbed by a sample, the kinetic considerations of a chemical reaction , here the degree of networking.
- Figure 2 shows the same DSC measurements of a mixture of a resin containing epoxy groups with increasing stoichiometric proportions of a cyclic phenyl carboxylate, again with dihydrocoumarin, at a low concentration of curing catalyst of 0.5% by weight of an anionic curing catalyst.
- the scan shown in FIG. 2 shows the evaluations of the reaction exotherms that are comparable to those of FIG.
- FIG. 3 summarizes the results of FIGS. 1 and 2, whereby it can be seen that even with stoichiometric proportions of 50% of additive made from phenyl carboxylate, a significant increase in the reaction exothermicity can be achieved even with small accelerator concentrations and the difference Reference in the reaction exothermia, especially when comparing the same high and low accelerator concentration, decreases.
- FIG. 3 shows a first table which shows how the enthalpies of reaction of mixtures of epoxy-containing impregnating agents and additive, here the cyclic phenyl carboxylate dihydrocoumarin, change at high and low concentrations of a curing catalyst with increasing stoichiometric ratio of additive.
- FIG. 4 shows the DSC scans of the crosslinking reaction of mixtures of an epoxy-containing resin with increasing stoichiometric proportions of a linear phenyl carboxylate, shown here using the example of bisphenol A acetate propionate, with a high concentration of curing catalyst of 6.5 wt % of an anionic curing catalyst.
- the scan shown in FIG. 1 shows the evaluation of the reaction exotherms.
- the 6 graphs shown in FIG. 4 show the DSC scans of mixtures of resin containing epoxy groups and the linear one and divalent, because two ester groups, carboxylic acid phenyl ester at a high concentration of an anionic curing catalyst with increasing stoichiometric proportions of carboxylic acid phenyl ester.
- FIG. 5 shows the same DSC measurements of a mixture of a resin containing epoxy groups with increasing stoichiometric proportions of a linear phenyl carboxylate, also again with bisphenol A acetate propionate, at a low concentration of curing catalyst of 0.5% by weight of an ionic curing catalyst .
- the scan shown in FIG. 5 shows the evaluations of the reaction exotherms which are comparable to those in FIG.
- FIG. 6 summarizes the results of FIGS. 4 and 5, whereby it can be seen that even with stoichiometric proportions of 50% of additive made from phenyl carboxylate, a significant increase in the reaction exothermicity can be achieved even with low accelerator concentrations and the difference in the reaction exothermics, in particular when comparing the same high and low accelerator concentration decreases.
- FIG. 6 shows a table in which the reaction enthalpies of mixtures of epoxy-containing impregnating agents and additive, here the linear carboxylic acid phenyl ester bisphenol A acetate propionate, are compiled at high and low concentrations of a curing catalyst with increasing stoichiometric ratio Change the additive.
- anhydride-free impregnating agent comprising at least one or more epoxides, for example selected from the group of glycidyl ethers, novolaks, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and / or epoxidized silicones and / or siloxanes, which is mixed with one or more carboxylic acid phenyl esters as an additive, in particular with one or more phenyl carboxylates of the ones shown below
- Structures I to VI to modify the reactivity of the impregnating agent against low hardening catalyst concentrations when used in the VPI process for the impregnation of a solid insulation material with an embedded hardening catalyst, better harden completely to the duromer than an impregnating agent without an additive. This effect of the additive can be observed regardless of the presence of a hardening catalyst in the impregnation agent.
- the additive according to the present invention is at least 0.1% based on the stoichiometry in the impregnating agent.
- it is in a concentration - based on the stoichiometry with regard to the epoxide groups - from 0.1% to 100%, in particular from 10% to 100%, preferably in the range from 50% to 100% and particularly preferably in the range of 75% to 100% before.
- the additive is preferably in the form of a compound of one or more of the following structures: Structure i
- n 1 to 5;
- n 1 to 10;
- Siloxanes are compounds with the general formula
- n in the range from 1 to 5, n 1 to 5;
- n 1 to 10;
- RVR 2 are equal or not equal and
- R 1 / R 2 are the same or different and
- R 1 are the same or different and
- H - Alkyl, linear, branched or cyclic with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or
- R 1 are the same or different and
- R 1 are the same or different and
- the phenyl carboxylates disclosed here for the first time as additives for epoxy-containing impregnants also enable anhydride-free impregnants when used in the VPI process to impregnate solid insulation materials with embedded hardening catalysts, in areas with a low hardening catalyst concentration, i.e. in areas of the insulation system remote from the depot sufficient reactivity for hardening to form a thermoset and thus for the formation of molding material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019207771.4A DE102019207771A1 (de) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Additiv, Verwendung dazu, Isolationssystem und elektrische Maschine |
| PCT/EP2020/059990 WO2020239309A1 (de) | 2019-05-28 | 2020-04-08 | Additiv, verwendung dazu, isolationssystem und elektrische maschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3953418A1 true EP3953418A1 (de) | 2022-02-16 |
Family
ID=70464988
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20721443.8A Pending EP3953418A1 (de) | 2019-05-28 | 2020-04-08 | Additiv, verwendung dazu, isolationssystem und elektrische maschine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220238252A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3953418A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114096600B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019207771A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020239309A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4395521A (en) * | 1982-01-20 | 1983-07-26 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for curing thermoset resins using phenyl esters of carboxylic acids as latent catalysts |
| DE4040471A1 (de) * | 1990-08-01 | 1992-02-06 | Bayer Ag | Haertbare mischungen zur herstellung von epoxidnetzwerken, verfahren zu deren herstellung und verwendung |
| JP3525152B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-30 | 2004-05-10 | 独立行政法人 科学技術振興機構 | エポキシ樹脂硬化性組成物 |
| KR20140037645A (ko) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-27 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 인쇄회로기판용 에폭시 수지 조성물, 절연필름, 프리프레그 및 다층 인쇄회로기판 |
| WO2014084555A1 (ko) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용한 절연층을 포함하는 인쇄 회로 기판 |
| EP3063773A1 (de) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-09-07 | ABB Research Ltd. | Zusammengesetzte hochspannungsisolierungsmaterialien und verfahren zur herstellung davon |
| DE102015214872A1 (de) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Isolierband für eine Spule und Wickelband-Isoliersystem für elektrische Maschinen |
| DE102015213815A1 (de) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fester Isolationswerkstoff, Verwendung dazu und damit hergestelltes Isolationssystem |
| DE102015213537A1 (de) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fester, insbesondere bandförmiger, Isolationswerkstoff, Formulierung für ein Imprägniermittel zur Herstellung eines Isolationssystems in einem Vakuumimprägnierverfahren damit und Maschinen mit derartigem Isolationssystem |
| DE102016203867A1 (de) | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fester Isolationswerkstoff, Verwendung dazu und damit hergestelltes Isolationssystem |
-
2019
- 2019-05-28 DE DE102019207771.4A patent/DE102019207771A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-04-08 CN CN202080051076.0A patent/CN114096600B/zh active Active
- 2020-04-08 US US17/614,683 patent/US20220238252A1/en active Pending
- 2020-04-08 WO PCT/EP2020/059990 patent/WO2020239309A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-04-08 EP EP20721443.8A patent/EP3953418A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114096600A (zh) | 2022-02-25 |
| CN114096600B (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
| US20220238252A1 (en) | 2022-07-28 |
| DE102019207771A1 (de) | 2020-12-03 |
| WO2020239309A1 (de) | 2020-12-03 |
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