EP3950243B1 - Brotschneidemaschine und schieber für brotschneidemaschine - Google Patents

Brotschneidemaschine und schieber für brotschneidemaschine

Info

Publication number
EP3950243B1
EP3950243B1 EP21190048.5A EP21190048A EP3950243B1 EP 3950243 B1 EP3950243 B1 EP 3950243B1 EP 21190048 A EP21190048 A EP 21190048A EP 3950243 B1 EP3950243 B1 EP 3950243B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bread
blade assembly
pusher
pushing
loaf
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21190048.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3950243A1 (de
Inventor
Baudouin Van Cauwenberghe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jac SA
Original Assignee
Jac SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jac SA filed Critical Jac SA
Publication of EP3950243A1 publication Critical patent/EP3950243A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3950243B1 publication Critical patent/EP3950243B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
    • B26D7/0608—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form by pushers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
    • B26D7/0683—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form specially adapted for elongated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
    • B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
    • B26D1/10—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates in, or substantially in, a direction parallel to the cutting edge
    • B26D1/11—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates in, or substantially in, a direction parallel to the cutting edge with a plurality of cutting members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D2210/00—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials
    • B26D2210/02—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials for cutting food products, e.g. food slicers
    • B26D2210/06—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials for cutting food products, e.g. food slicers for bread, e.g. bread slicing machines for use in a retail store

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bread slicer with a loading compartment for receiving a loaf of bread to be sliced.
  • the slicer comprises a blade assembly comprising oblong blades arranged substantially parallel to each other and capable of being driven in a reciprocating motion in their longitudinal direction.
  • This blade assembly is intended to cut a loaf of bread into slices and cooperates with a pusher which makes it possible to push the bread in a direction of movement from the loading compartment through the blade assembly towards an output table.
  • the blade assembly extends along a plane which is arranged between the loading compartment and the output table in order to cut the bread into slices.
  • the document EP 3632635 describes a slicer with a blade assembly and a pusher for pushing a loaf to be cut from a loading compartment through the blade assembly to an outfeed table.
  • Slicers normally comprise a bread press which makes it possible to exert a pushing force on the upper side of the bread to be cut as it passes through the blade assembly.
  • the bread tends to follow this movement, which generates poor quality bread slices, which are, for example, jagged or torn, and/or unevenly cut bread slices.
  • the bread press ensures that the bread moves only in said direction of movement.
  • the invention aims to overcome this drawback by proposing a bread pusher and slicer which allow loaves of different sizes to be cut.
  • the bread slicer allows you to cut large loaves and small rolls into slices with a good quality cut.
  • the pusher has at least two pushing zones for pushing the bread, when it is cut, towards the blade assembly. These pushing zones extend one above the other and opposite the blade assembly. The distance between the blade assembly and a lower pushing zone is greater than the distance between this blade assembly and a pushing zone located above this lower pushing zone.
  • the aforementioned thrust zones extend substantially vertically.
  • the pusher thrust zones have successive slots extending substantially vertically to allow the blades to pass through these slots when the pusher is moved towards the output table and to allow the pusher thrust zones to be moved through the blade assembly.
  • the pusher comprises a clamping surface which extends between said pushing zones and which makes it possible to clamp a loaf to be cut, the height of which is less than the height of the pusher, against the bottom of the loading compartment when this loaf passes through the set of blades by the action of the pusher.
  • the invention also relates to a pusher for a bread slicer with a loading compartment for receiving a loaf of bread to be cut and with a blade assembly comprising elongated blades arranged substantially parallel to each other and capable of being driven in a reciprocating motion in their longitudinal direction.
  • This pusher is characterized in that it has at least two elongated pushing zones for pushing the bread during its cutting towards the blade assembly. The longitudinal directions of the pushing zones are substantially parallel to each other and these zones extend one above the other. An upper pushing zone, which is located above a lower pushing zone, projects beyond this lower pushing zone.
  • the invention generally relates to a bread slicer and a pusher for such a slicer.
  • a bread slicer To cut a loaf into slices, the loaf is placed on the bottom of a loading compartment of the slicer. Then, the loaf is pushed by the pusher through a set of blades to an output table from which the cut loaf is collected by the consumer.
  • the slicer comprises a frame 1 having a loading compartment 2 for receiving a loaf of bread to be sliced. To cut a loaf into slices, the loaf is placed on the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2 of the slicer. A set of blades 4 extends directly next to this compartment 2 and allows the bread to be cut into slices.
  • the blade assembly 4 comprises a succession of oblong blades 5 arranged substantially parallel to one another and capable of being driven in a reciprocating motion in their longitudinal direction.
  • the blades 5 of the blade assembly 4 each extend in a vertical plane.
  • the blade assembly 4 defines a plane which extends perpendicular to the blades 5 and parallel to the longitudinal direction of these blades 5.
  • a pusher 6 is arranged which is driven to enable the bread to be cut to be pushed from the loading compartment 2 through the blade assembly 4 towards an output table 7.
  • the blade assembly 4 is therefore arranged between the loading compartment 2 and the output table 7. A loaf of bread to be sliced is placed on the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2 between the pusher 6 and the blade assembly 4.
  • the pusher 6 preferably extends across the entire width of the loading compartment 2 and parallel to the plane defined by the blade assembly 4.
  • the pusher 6 can be driven in the direction of movement of the bread in order to push the bread through the blade assembly 4.
  • the front side of the pusher 6 directed towards the blade assembly 4 has elongated and parallel recesses or slots 8 in which the blades 5 of the blade assembly 4 can be accommodated.
  • the front side of the pusher 6 can pass beyond the blade assembly 4, as illustrated, for example, in figures 6 and 9 , to push the cut bread through the blade assembly 4.
  • the direction of movement of the bread is generally parallel to the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2 and/or parallel to the side faces of the blades 5 which are part of the blade assembly 4.
  • the pusher has at least two pushing zones 9 and 10 for pushing the bread during its cutting towards the set of blades 4, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 .
  • Each pushing zone 9 and 10 defines, for example, a surface of the pusher by which the pusher can push against a loaf in order to make it pass through the blade assembly 4. This surface can be substantially flat, but can also be curved in order to, for example, be adapted to the curvature of the loaf.
  • the thrust zones 9 and 10 extend one above the other and opposite the blade assembly 4.
  • the distance between the blade assembly 4 and a lower thrust zone 9 is greater than the distance between this blade assembly 4 and the thrust zone 10 located above this lower thrust zone 9. Therefore, the upper thrust zone 10 projects relative to the lower thrust zone 9.
  • the thrust zones 9 and 10 are elongated and the longitudinal directions of these thrust zones 9 and 10 are substantially parallel to each other.
  • the thrust zones 9 and 10 extend substantially parallel to the plane defined by the blade assembly 4. It is clear to those skilled in the art that it is also possible for the thrust zones 9 and 10 to be inclined relative to the plane of the blade assembly. Thus, the thrust zones 9 and 10 may, in general, be inclined relative to the vertical and/or relative to the horizontal.
  • thrust zones 9 and 10 extend substantially vertically.
  • the thrust zones 9 and 10 of the pusher 6 have successive slots 8 extending substantially vertically to allow the blades 5 to pass through these slots 8 when the pusher 6 is moved towards the output table 7.
  • figure 3 schematically shows, in broken lines, a large loaf 11 and a small loaf 12.
  • the large loaf 11 has a height which is greater than or equal to the height of the pusher 6, in particular greater than at the level of the upper pushing zone 10.
  • the height of the small loaf 12 is less than the height of the pusher 6.
  • a clamping surface 13 extends between the two successive thrust zones 9 and 10 of the pusher 6. This clamping surface 13 makes it possible to clamp the roll 12 against the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2 when this roll 12 is moved by the advancement of the pusher 6.
  • the clamping surface 13 comes into contact with the upper side of the roll 12.
  • the roll 12 is held between this surface 13 and the bottom 3 when it passes through the set of blades 4.
  • THE figures 4 to 6 schematically show successive steps during the cutting of a small loaf 12 into slices by the slicer.
  • FIG. 4 shows that a loaf 12 to be cut has been placed on the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2 between the blade assembly 4 and the pusher 6.
  • This pusher 6 comprises two pushing zones 9 and 10 which are arranged one above the other. The distance between the blade assembly 4 and the upper thrust zone 10 is less than the distance between this blade assembly 4 and the lower thrust zone 9.
  • the thrust zones 9 and 10 are connected to each other via a clamping surface 13. This clamping surface 13 is provided for clamping the roll 12 to be cut against the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2.
  • the pusher 6 After inserting the loaf 12 into the loading compartment 2, the pusher 6 is driven and moved towards the blade assembly as indicated by the arrow 14.
  • the slicer shown in the figures 4 to 6 comprises a bread press 15 which is arranged to exert a vertical pushing force on the upper side of the bread when the latter is pushed through the blade assembly 4 by the pusher 6.
  • a bread press 15 is known to those skilled in the art and comprises, for example, a metal plate which extends through the blade assembly above the bread to be cut 12. This plate has slots through which the blades 5 extend.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the presence of a bread press 15 is not useful when a bread roll 12 is to be cut whose height is less than the height of the pusher 6. In such a case, the bread press 15 comes into contact with the upper side of the pusher 6 and therefore cannot exert a vertical pushing force on the upper side of the bread roll 12.
  • the pusher 6, comprises said clamping surface 13.
  • this clamping surface 13 makes it possible to exert a pushing force on the upper side of the bread roll 12 in order to clamp it against the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2. Therefore, when the pusher 6 pushes against the lateral side of the bread roll 12 by means of said lower pushing zone 9 in order to make the bread roll 12 pass through the blade assembly 4, the clamping surface 13 simultaneously exerts a pushing force on the upper side of the bread roll 12 to clamp it against the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2.
  • the pusher 6 is advanced until the bread 12 has completely passed through the blade assembly 4 and, thus, until the bread is cut into slices, as shown in the figure 6 .
  • the thrust zones 9 and 10 and the clamping surface 13 have successive slots 8 extending substantially vertically at positions corresponding to those of the blades 5 to allow the thrust zones 9 and 10 and the clamping surface 13 to pass through the blade assembly 4.
  • the clamping surface 13 extends substantially horizontally. It is clear that it is also possible for this clamping surface 13 to be inclined by a few degrees relative to the horizontal. This inclination may, for example, be between 0° and 35°.
  • THE figures 7 to 9 schematically show successive stages during the cutting into slices of a large loaf 11 by the slicer which is also shown in figures 4 to 6
  • the height of the large loaf 11 is greater than the height of the pusher 6.
  • the bread press exerts a pushing force on the upper side of the large loaf 11 and the loaf is therefore held against the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2 as it moves through the blade assembly 4, as shown in figure 8
  • the pusher 6, which is moved towards the blade assembly 4 pushes against the bread 11 by means of the upper pushing zone 10.
  • THE figures 10 to 15 show a bread slicer with a pusher 6 having three pushing zones 9, 10 and 16. Between the successive pushing zones, a clamping surface is provided. Thus, the pusher 6 of the figures 10 to 15 includes two clamping surfaces 13 and 17.
  • the distance between the upper thrust zone 16 of the pusher 6 and the blade assembly 4 is less than the distance between the blade assembly 4 and the two other thrust zones 9 and 10 which extend below the upper thrust zone 16.
  • the intermediate thrust zone 10, which extends between the upper thrust zone 16 and the lower thrust zone 9, extends at a distance from the blade assembly 4 which is greater than that between the lower thrust zone 9 and the blade assembly 4.
  • the upper thrust zone 16 projects relative to the intermediate thrust zone 10, which itself projects relative to the lower thrust zone 9 which extends close to the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2.
  • the embodiment of the slicer shown in the figures 10 to 15 does not include a bread press, but it goes without saying that such a bread press can be provided.
  • Each thrust zone is elongated and has a longitudinal direction which extends, preferably, horizontally and, preferably, parallel to the plane defined by the set of blades 4.
  • clamping surface 13 can extend substantially horizontally, but it can also be inclined relative to the horizontal.
  • the longitudinal direction of the clamping surface 13 and the thrust zones 9 and 10 generally extends parallel to the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2.
  • the invention is characterized, in particular, by the presence of a pusher 6 which can exert a pushing force on a loaf to be cut in the direction of movement 14 and which can, in addition, exert a vertical pushing force on the upper side of rolls of a height lower than the height of the pusher.
  • the bottom 3 of the loading compartment 2 and the output table 7 extend along a horizontal plane. It is also possible for the bottom 3 and the output table 7 to be inclined relative to the horizontal so that a loaf that is moved along said direction of movement 14 rises or falls. This direction of movement 14 extends parallel to the bottom 3 and is therefore also inclined relative to the horizontal. In such a case, the loaf is moved upwards or downwards when it is cut.
  • the outfeed table can have any shape, for example, it can include an inclined or horizontally extending support surface.
  • the outfeed table can also include a packaging system for automatically receiving and bagging the sliced bread.
  • the bottom 3 and/or the output table 7 are inclined relative to a direction extending perpendicular to the direction of movement 14.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Brotschneidemaschine mit einem Ladefach (2) zum Aufnehmen eines zu schneidenden Brotes (11,12) und mit einem Messerblock (4), der längliche Messer (5) umfasst, welche im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind und in Längsrichtung hin- und herbewegbar sind, wobei der Messerblock (4) dazu bestimmt ist ein Brot (11,12) in Scheiben zu schneiden und mit einem Schieber (6) zusammenwirkt, der das Brot (11,12) in eine Bewegungsrichtung (14) vom Ladefach (2) durch den Messerblock (4) auf einen Ausgabetisch (7) schiebt, wobei der Messerblock (4) eine Ebene definiert und zwischen dem Ladefach (2) und dem Ausgabetisch (7) angeordnet ist, um das Brot (11,12) in Scheiben zu schneiden, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Schieber (6) mindestens zwei Schubzonen (9,10) aufweist, um das Brot (11,12) beim Schneiden in Richtung des Messerblocks (4) zu schieben, wobei die Schubzonen (9,10) übereinander angeordnet sind und dem Messerblock (4) gegenüberliegen, wobei der Abstand zwischen dem Messerblock (4) und einer unteren Schubzone (9) größer ist als der Abstand zwischen dem Messerblock (4) und einer oberen Schubzone (10), die über der unteren Schubzone (9) angeordnet ist.
  2. Brotschneidemaschine nach Anspruch 1, wobei die vorgenannten Schubzonen (9,10) im Wesentlichen parallel zu der durch die Messer (5) des Messerblocks (4) definierten Ebene verlaufen.
  3. Brotschneidemaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die vorgenannten Schubzonen (9,10) im Wesentlichen vertikal verlaufen.
  4. Brotschneidemaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Messer (5) des Messerblocks (4) jeweils in einer vertikalen Ebene verlaufen.
  5. Brotschneidemaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Schubzonen (9,10) des Schiebers (6) aufeinanderfolgende Schlitze (8) aufweisen, die im Wesentlichen vertikal verlaufen, um den Messern (5) das Durchtreten dieser Schlitze (8) zu ermöglichen, wenn der Schieber in Richtung des Ausgabetisches (7) bewegt wird, und um das Durchführen der Schubzonen (9,10) des Schiebers (6) durch den Messerblock (4) zu ermöglichen.
  6. Brotschneidemaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, mit einer Brotandruckvorrichtung (15), die eine vertikale Druckkraft auf die Oberseite des Brotes (11) ausübt, wenn dieses durch den Messerblock (4) vom Schieber (6) geschoben wird.
  7. Brotschneidemaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der Schieber (6) eine Klemmfläche (13) aufweist, die sich zwischen den genannten Schubzonen (9,10) erstreckt, um ein zu schneidendes Brot (12) dessen Höhe geringer ist als die Höhe des Schiebers (6), gegen den Boden (3) des Ladefachs (2) zu klemmen, wenn dieses Brot (12) durch den Messerblock (4) mittels des Schiebers (6) geführt wird.
  8. Brotschneidemaschine nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Klemmfläche (13) des Schiebers (6) aufeinanderfolgende Schlitze (8) aufweist, die sich im Wesentlichen quer zur Ebene des Messerblocks (4) erstrecken, um den Messern (5) das Durchtreten dieser Schlitze (8) zu ermöglichen, wenn der Schieber (6) in Richtung des Ausgabetisches (7) bewegt wird, und um das Durchführen der Schubzonen (9,10) des Schiebers durch den Messerblock (4) zu ermöglichen.
  9. Schieber für eine Brotschneidemaschine, wobei diese Maschine ein Ladefach (2) zum Aufnehmen eines zu schneidenden Brotes (11,12) und einen Messerblock (4) mit länglichen Messern (5) umfasst, die im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind und in Längsrichtung hin- und herbewegbar sind, wobei der Messerblock (4) dazu bestimmt ist, ein Brot (11,12) in Scheiben zu schneiden und mit dem Schieber (6) zusammenwirkt, der das Brot (11,12) in eine Bewegungsrichtung (14) vom Ladefach (2) durch den Messerblock (4) auf einen Ausgabetisch (7) schiebt, wobei der Messerblock (4) zwischen dem Ladefach (2) und dem Ausgabetisch (7) angeordnet ist, um das Brot (11,12) in Scheiben zu schneiden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schieber (6) mindestens zwei längliche Schubzonen (9,10) aufweist, um das Brot (11,12) beim Schneiden in Richtung des Messerblocks (4) zu schieben, wobei die Längsrichtung der Schubzonen (9,10) im Wesentlichen parallel verläuft und diese Zonen (9,10) übereinander angeordnet sind, wobei eine obere Schubzone (10), die über einer unteren Schubzone (9) angeordnet ist, gegenüber dieser unteren Schubzone (9) vorspringt.
  10. Schieber nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Schubzonen (9,10) aufeinanderfolgende Schlitze (8) aufweisen, die im Wesentlichen vertikal verlaufen, um den Messern (5) des Messerblocks (4) das Durchtreten dieser Schlitze (8) zu ermöglichen, wenn der Schieber (6) in Richtung des Ausgabetisches (7) vom Ladefach (2) bewegt wird, und um das Durchführen der Schubzonen (9,10) des Schiebers (6) durch den Messerblock (4) zu ermöglichen.
EP21190048.5A 2020-08-07 2021-08-06 Brotschneidemaschine und schieber für brotschneidemaschine Active EP3950243B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE20205566A BE1028535B1 (fr) 2020-08-07 2020-08-07 Trancheuse de pain et poussoir pour trancheuse de pain

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3950243A1 EP3950243A1 (de) 2022-02-09
EP3950243B1 true EP3950243B1 (de) 2025-10-01

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ID=74068202

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21190048.5A Active EP3950243B1 (de) 2020-08-07 2021-08-06 Brotschneidemaschine und schieber für brotschneidemaschine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3950243B1 (de)
BE (1) BE1028535B1 (de)
ES (1) ES3057216T3 (de)
PL (1) PL3950243T3 (de)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012025384A1 (de) * 2012-12-27 2014-07-03 Uwe Schmidt Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Schneiden von Brot in Brotschneidemaschinen
BE1026614B1 (fr) * 2018-09-14 2020-04-14 Jac S A Trancheuse et procédé pour découper des pains successifs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3950243A1 (de) 2022-02-09
ES3057216T3 (en) 2026-02-26
BE1028535A1 (fr) 2022-03-03
PL3950243T3 (pl) 2026-02-23
BE1028535B1 (fr) 2022-03-07

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