EP3938646B1 - Capot multi-étagé pour une turbine hydrocinétique - Google Patents

Capot multi-étagé pour une turbine hydrocinétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3938646B1
EP3938646B1 EP20769425.8A EP20769425A EP3938646B1 EP 3938646 B1 EP3938646 B1 EP 3938646B1 EP 20769425 A EP20769425 A EP 20769425A EP 3938646 B1 EP3938646 B1 EP 3938646B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outlet
draft tube
inlet
cowl
staged
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20769425.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3938646A4 (fr
EP3938646A1 (fr
Inventor
Imad Hamad
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Telesysteme Energie Ltd
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Telesysteme Energie Ltd
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Publication of EP3938646A1 publication Critical patent/EP3938646A1/fr
Publication of EP3938646A4 publication Critical patent/EP3938646A4/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/02—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/04—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with substantially axial flow throughout rotors, e.g. propeller turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F05B2240/124—Cascades, i.e. assemblies of similar profiles acting in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the technical field generally relates to turbines, and more particularly, to multi-staged cowl for hydrokinetic turbines.
  • Hydrokinetic turbines also known as dam-free turbines, are configured to be submerged into a body of water, where water can naturally flow in a water flow direction.
  • Hydrokinetic turbines can include a rotor, a hub, as well as blades, which can radially extend therefrom, for example, so as to form the runner cross-section. Water can thus flow through the turbine, from a section upstream from the runner cross section towards a section downstream from the runner cross-section, so the blades can capture the kinetic energy contained in the water flow. This kinetic energy can be converted into power output so that energy can be produced.
  • draft tubes assemblies or cowls downstream from the hydrokinetic turbine in order to increase the water flow and the pressure drop at the runner cross-section of the turbine in the aim to improve both the turbine overall efficiency and the turbine power output.
  • these draft tubes assemblies or cowls are not dimensioned to be submerged into shallow bodies of water, such as rivers. Indeed, reducing the overall height of such assemblies can lead to lengths, as well as cavitation volumes at the runner cross-sections of the turbines, that are not operatively and economically viable.
  • a multi-staged cowl for receiving at least part of a hydrokinetic turbine comprising a hub and blades radially extending therefrom, the multi-staged cowl comprising: an inlet; an outlet; and multiple stages extending between the inlet and the outlet for receiving the hydrokinetic turbine therein, the stages defining a water flow channel for flow of water therethrough along a water flow direction from the inlet towards the outlet; wherein the stages define a height substantially constant along the water flow direction; and wherein at least one of the stages defines a width increasing along the water flow direction.
  • the multiple stages comprise an inlet draft tube comprising: an inlet draft tube inlet; an inlet draft tube outlet; and an inlet peripheral wall extending between the inlet draft tube inlet and the inlet draft tube outlet and defining an inlet water flow channel for flow of water therethrough along the water flow direction from the inlet draft tube inlet towards the inlet draft tube outlet, the inlet peripheral wall comprising an inner surface and an outer surface.
  • the multiple stages further comprise an intermediate draft tube comprising: an intermediate draft tube inlet configured for receiving the inlet draft tube outlet; an intermediate draft tube outlet; and an intermediate peripheral wall extending between the intermediate draft tube inlet and the intermediate draft tube outlet and defining an intermediate water flow channel for flow of water therethrough along the water flow direction from the intermediate draft tube inlet towards the intermediate draft tube outlet, the intermediate peripheral wall comprising an inner surface and an outer surface.
  • the multi-staged cowl comprises a first water passage at the intermediate draft tube inlet formed between the outer surface of the inlet peripheral wall and the inner surface of the intermediate peripheral wall for flow of water therethrough from the intermediate draft tube inlet towards the intermediate draft tube outlet.
  • the cross-section at the intermediate draft tube inlet is greater than the cross-section at the inlet draft tube outlet.
  • the first water passage extends along the periphery of the inlet draft tube inlet.
  • the multiple stages further comprise an outlet draft tube comprising: an outlet draft tube inlet configured for receiving the intermediate draft tube outlet; an outlet draft tube outlet; and an outlet peripheral wall extending between the outlet draft tube inlet and the outlet draft tube outlet and defining an outlet water flow channel for flow of water therethrough along the water flow direction from the outlet draft tube inlet towards the outlet draft tube outlet, the outlet peripheral wall comprising an inner surface and an outer surface.
  • the multi-staged cowl further comprises a second water passage at the outlet draft tube inlet formed between the outer surface of the intermediate peripheral wall and the inner surface of the outlet peripheral wall for flow of water therethrough from the outlet draft tube inlet towards the outlet draft tube outlet.
  • the cross-section at the outlet draft tube inlet is greater than the cross-section at the intermediate draft tube outlet.
  • the second water passage extends along the periphery of the intermediate draft tube inlet.
  • the intermediate draft tube defines an intermediate draft tube width increasing along the water flow direction according to a first non-linear relationship.
  • the outlet draft tube defines an outlet draft tube width increasing along the water flow direction according to a second non-linear relationship.
  • the outlet draft tube width increases from the outlet draft tube inlet towards the outlet draft tube outlet.
  • the inlet draft tube defines an inlet draft tube length and an inlet draft tube width increasing along a segment of the inlet draft tube length according to a third non-linear relationship.
  • the width at the outlet is greater than the height at the outlet.
  • the multi-staged cowl further comprises a base for supporting the multiple stages thereon.
  • the base defines an opened configuration for allowing water to flow underneath the multiple stages in the water flow direction along the length of the multiple stages.
  • the base comprises a main frame for supporting the multiple stages, and a plurality of supporting legs downwardly extending therefrom.
  • the base further comprises a levelling mechanism configured to level the multiple stages relative to the water flow direction.
  • the multi-staged cowl further comprises a hub supporting structure extending from the multiple stages for supporting the at least part of the hydrokinetic turbine in the stages, the hub supporting structure comprising a plurality of spaced apart hub supporting members, the supporting members each extending between the inner surface of the inlet draft tube and the hub.
  • the multi-staged cowl further comprises an outer reinforcement structure for reinforcing the multiple stages and extending therefrom, the outer reinforcement structure comprising a plurality of spaced apart upper ribs, the upper ribs each upwardly extending from the outer surfaces of the inner, intermediate and outlet draft tubes.
  • the multi-staged cowl further comprises an inner reinforcement structure for reinforcing the multiple stages, the inner reinforcement structure comprising a plurality of spaced apart struts, the struts each extending between a lower portion and an upper portion of the inner surface of the outlet draft tube.
  • the multi-staged cowl described herein allows to increase water flow and pressure drop at the runner cross-section of a hydrokinetic turbine so as to maximize the power output produced, while respecting dimensional constraints provided by a shallow body of water, a river for example, in which the hydrokinetic turbine can be submerged.
  • the multi-staged cowl described herein can thus be configured so as to allow water to flow through the hydrokinetic turbine at a substantially stable water flow.
  • the multi-staged cowl is configured to receive the hydrokinetic turbine therein, at least in part, and can include an inlet, an outlet and a plurality of stages which can extend between the inlet and the outlet, so that water can flow therethrough in a water flow direction.
  • the hydrokinetic turbine can include a rotor, a hub and blades, which can radially extend therefrom, forming the runner cross-section.
  • the hub can extend at least partially in the flow direction so that the power output can be maximized.
  • the multi-staged cowl defines a height which allows the stages (and the turbine) to be fully submerged into the body of water.
  • the height of the multi-staged cowl can remain substantially constant along its length, or along the water flow direction, so that the multi-staged cowl and hydrokinetic turbine arrangement can be operational in the shallow river.
  • the stages, or some of the stages can have widths which can increase along their lengths (or a segment thereof), so that a substantially stable water flow can flow therethrough, and more particularly, at the runner cross-section of the hydrokinetic turbine.
  • This configuration of the multi-staged cowl can thus allow to avoid fluid separation when water flows through the stages to negligible levels, and can minimize vortices creation about the hydrokinetic turbine to negligible levels. Significant water flow and pressure drop can therefore be created at the runner cross-section of the turbine.
  • the multi-staged cowl can include a plurality of draft tubes, two or more for example, which can be configured so as to permit water to flow therethrough in the water flow direction.
  • the multi-staged cowl can include inlet and outlet draft tubes.
  • the multi-staged cowl can optionally be a three-stage cowl and include an intermediate draft tube, downstream from the inner draft tube, and upstream from the outlet draft tube.
  • the hub and blades of the hydrokinetic turbine can be received in the inner draft tube, at least in part.
  • each draft tube has an inlet, as well as an outlet, which can be received in an inlet of a corresponding downstream draft tube.
  • the outlet of the inner draft tube can be configured so as to be received in the inlet of the intermediate draft tube, and similarly, the outlet of the intermediate draft tube can be configured so as to be received in the inlet of the outlet draft tube, so that the multi-stage cowl can further include a first water passage at the inlet of the intermediate draft tube, as well as a second water passage at the inlet of the outlet draft tube.
  • the first water passage can be provided between the outer surface of the inlet draft tube and the inner surface of the intermediate draft tube, in periphery of the inner draft tube for example
  • the second water passage can be provided between the outer surface of the intermediate draft tube and the inner surface of the outlet draft tube, in periphery of the intermediate draft tube for example.
  • the first and second water passages can thus allow water that has not been supplied to the runner cross-section of the hydrokinetic turbine to flow therethrough so as to be combined with the water that flows through the multi-staged cowl, in the water flow direction, for example.
  • Such feature of the cowl can allow for a stable water flow through the draft tubes, and thus, for a stable and increased water flow at the runner cross-section of the turbine.
  • the multi-staged cowl can have the ability to maintain a quasi-laminar flow about the inner surfaces of the inlet draft tube, thanks to the increasing widths of the draft tubes, primarily 400 and 500, as well as through the first and second water passages, an effective vortices-free and separation-free flow can be maintained through the draft tubes, and more importantly, at the runner cross-section of the turbine, while the cowl can have a length that can be operatively and economically viable.
  • the cavitation volume can also be minimized at the runner cross-section of the turbine.
  • a multi-staged cowl (100) which is configured to receive a hydrokinetic turbine (200) therein.
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) can be configured so that it can be fully submerged in the body of water, in arrangement with the turbine (200).
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) can be secured to the bed of the body of water.
  • the hydrokinetic turbine (200) can include an intake nose (210), an outer rotor (220), an inner stator inside the rotor and blades (230, 232, 234, 236), which can extend radially therefrom, so as to form the runner cross-section.
  • the hydrokinetic turbine (200) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as it can be introduced into the multi-staged cowl (100), at least in part, so that water which flows downstream from the runner cross-section can flow through at least part of the cowl (100).
  • the shape, size or configuration of the rotor (220), as well as the shape, size or configuration of the intake nose (210), size and configuration of rotor (220) and blades (230, 232, 234, 236) can vary.
  • the hydrokinetic turbine (200) is illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 as including four blades (230, 232, 234, 236), it is noted that the number of blades which extend from the hub (220) can vary.
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) includes an inlet (110) and an outlet (120), which can be found opposite to the inlet (110).
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) further includes a plurality of stages (130), which can extend between the inlet (110) and the outlet (120).
  • the stages (130) can be configured to receive the hydrokinetic turbine (200) therein, at least in part, so water can flow through the stages (130) from a section of the stages (130) upstream from the blades (230, 232, 234, 236) (i.e., upstream from the runner cross-section) towards a section of the stages (130) downstream from the blades (230, 232, 234, 236) (i.e., downstream from the runner cross-section) and then, through the outlet (120).
  • the plurality of stages (130) together define a flow channel (135) which defines a water flow direction (WF).
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) further defines a height (H) and a length (L), while the stages (130) can define a width (Wi) at the inlet (110), as well as a width (Wo) at the outlet (120) of the multi-staged cowl (100).
  • the height (H) of the cowl (100) can allow the stages (130) (and the turbine (200)) to be fully submerged into the substantially shallow body of water.
  • the height (H) of the cowl (100) can be substantially constant along its length (L) (or along the water flow direction (WF)), while the width (Wo) at the outlet (120) of the cowl (100) can be greater than the width (Wi) at the inlet (110) of the cowl (100).
  • the width of one or more of the stage(s) (130) (or of a segment thereof) can increase along the water flow direction (WF) from its inlet towards its outlet, as it will be described in more details below.
  • the rotor (220) can extend in the water flow direction (WF), so that water can flow substantially to the runner cross-section of the turbine (200), which can increase the power output therefrom.
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) can include a plurality of draft tubes, such as the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) (i.e., the stages (130)).
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) can include an inlet draft tube or first stage draft tube (300).
  • the inlet draft tube (300) can include a peripheral wall (312) which defines an inlet (320), an outlet (330) and a flow channel (310) for flow of water therethrough along the water flow direction (WF)).
  • the inlet draft tube (300) can extend along the water flow direction (WF), and the peripheral wall (312) can delimit the flow channel (310).
  • water (water stream 700) can thus flow through the flow channel (310) formed by the peripheral wall (312), from the inlet (320), through an upstream section (322) of the inlet draft tube (300) (i.e., upstream from the blades (230, 232, 234, 236) or runner cross-section), through a downstream section (324) of the inlet draft tube (300) (i.e., downstream from the blades (230, 232, 234, 236) or runner cross-section), and then through the outlet (330).
  • the peripheral wall (312) of the inlet draft tube (300) includes an inner surface (332), as well as an outer surface (334), opposite the inner surface (332).
  • the inlet draft tube (300) defines an overall height (H1), a length (L1), a width (Wi1) at the inlet (320), a width (Wo1) at the outlet (330), a height (Hi1) at the inlet (320), as well as a height (Ho1) at the outlet (330).
  • the inlet draft tube (300) can define a height (H1) so it can be fully submerged into the shallow body of water. More particularly, the inlet draft tube (300) can define a height (H1) which can be substantially constant along its length (L1) (or along the water flow direction (WF)). In other words, the height (Hi1) at the inlet (320) can substantially correspond to the height (Ho1) at the outlet (330).
  • the width (Wo1) at the outlet (330) can be greater than the width (Wi1) at the inlet (320).
  • the width of the inlet draft tube (300) can increase along its length (L1) from the inlet (320) towards the outlet (330), or alternatively, along a segment of its length (L1).
  • the width (Wi1) at the inlet (320) can substantially correspond to the width (Wo1) at the outlet (330), or alternatively, the width of the inlet draft tube (300) can remain substantially constant along its length (L1).
  • the height of the inlet draft tube (300) can increase or decrease along its length (L1) following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow across the turbine runner, remove flow oscillation and fluid separation across the turbine runner, while the width of the outlet draft tube (500) can increase along a segment of its length (L1) following another hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow in the inlet draft tube (300), the intermediate draft tube (400) and the outlet draft tube (500) and at the same time remove oscillation and fluid separation across the turbine runner.
  • the multi-stage cowl (100) can further include a hub supporting structure (336) which can be configured to support the hub (220) of the turbine (200) along the axis (X), so it can extend in the water flow direction (WF) once the cowl (100) and turbine (200) arrangement has been submerged into the body of water.
  • the hub supporting structure (336) can include the hub supporting members (338, 344, 350, 356) which can extend between the inner surface (332) of the inlet draft tube (300) and a static portion (i.e., the inner stator) of the hub (220).
  • the hub supporting member (338) can extend between a right and lower section of the inner surface (332) at the inlet (320) and a right and front section of a lower portion of the hub (220).
  • the hub supporting member (344) can extend between a left and lower section of the inner surface (332) at the inlet (320) and a left and front section of the lower portion of the hub (220).
  • the hub supporting member (350) can extend between a right and lower section of the inner surface (332) at the outlet (330) and a right and rear section of the lower portion of the hub (220).
  • the hub supporting member (356) can extend between a left and lower section of the inner surface (332) at the outlet (330) and a left and rear section of the lower portion of the hub (220).
  • the hub supporting members (338, 344, 350, 356) can be at an angle tilting inwards towards the central axis (X )(i.e., towards the center of the inlet draft tube (300)).
  • draft tube ends (340, 346, 352, 358) can be secured to the lower section of the inner surface (332), while hub ends (342, 348, 354, 360) can be secured to the static sections of the hub (220).
  • the ends (340, 346, 352, 358) and the ends (342, 348, 354, 360) of the hub supporting members (338, 344, 350, 356) can be secured to the inlet draft tube (300) and the hub (220) using suitable mechanical fasteners.
  • the ends (340, 346, 352, 358) and the ends (342, 348, 354, 360) of the hub supporting members (338, 344, 350, 356) can be secured to the inlet draft tube (300) and the hub (220) using either fasteners or other known techniques (e.g., by welding).
  • the hub supporting structure (336) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as it can support the turbine (200) with its hub (220) being extending in the water flow direction (WF), at least in part, and as long as water can flow through the inlet draft tube (300) with as little longitudinal obstructions as possible, so water flow can be enhanced through the cowl (100).
  • the hub supporting structure (336) can be hydraulically profiled along the water flow direction (WF).
  • a hub supporting structure can extend from the riverbed for example, so that water can flow through the inlet draft tube (300) without being obstructed by components such as the hub supporting members (338, 344, 350, 356).
  • the hub supporting structure (336) can further include a passage configured to receive the electric submarine cable to evacuate the electrical power generated by the turbine's electrical generator (not shown) inside the turbine hub (220) and other electric wires including a fiber optic (not shown) extending from the hydrokinetic turbine (200).
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) can further include an intermediate draft tube or second stage draft tube (400), which can be located downstream from the inlet draft tube (300).
  • the intermediate draft tube (400) can include a peripheral wall (412), which defines an inlet (420), an outlet (430) and a flow channel (410) for flow of water therethrough along the water flow direction (WF)).
  • the intermediate draft tube (400) can extend along the water flow direction (WF), and the peripheral wall (412) can delimit the flow channel (410).
  • water (water stream 700) can thus flow through the flow channel (410) formed by the peripheral wall (412), from the outlet (330) of the inlet draft tube (300) towards the outlet (430) of the intermediate draft tube (400).
  • the intermediate draft tube (400) also has an inner surface (432), as well as an outer surface (434), opposite the inner surface (432).
  • the intermediate draft tube (400) defines a height (H2), a length (L2), a width (Wi2) at the inlet (420), a width (Wo2) at the outlet (430), a height (Hi2) at the inlet (420), as well as a height (Ho2) at the outlet (430).
  • the intermediate draft tube (400) can define a height (H2) so it can be fully submerged into the shallow body of water. More particularly, the intermediate draft tube (400) can define a height (H2) which can be substantially constant along its length (L2) (or along the water flow direction (WF)).
  • the height (Hi2) at the inlet (420) can substantially correspond to the height (Ho2) at the outlet (430) of the intermediate draft tube (400).
  • the height (Hi2) at the inlet (420) can be slightly greater than the height (Ho2) at the outlet (430).
  • the height (H2) of the intermediate draft tube or second stage draft tube (400) can decrease along its length (L2) (or along the water flow direction (WF)), from the inlet (420) towards the outlet (430), or alternatively, along a segment of the length (L2).
  • Other configurations of the intermediate draft tube (400) are possible.
  • the width (Wo2) at the outlet (430) can be greater than the width (Wi2) at the inlet (420).
  • the width of the intermediate draft tube (400) can increase along its length (L2) (or along the water flow direction (WF)) from the inlet (420) towards the outlet (430), or alternatively, along a segment of its length (L2).
  • the height of the intermediate draft tube (400) can increase or decrease along its length (L2) following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500), while the width of the intermediate draft tube (400) can increase along its length (L2) following another hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section.
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) can also include an outlet draft tube or third stage draft tube (500), which can be located downstream from the intermediate draft tube (400).
  • the outlet draft tube (500) can include a peripheral wall (512), which defines an inlet (520), an outlet (530) and a flow channel (510) for flow of water therethrough along the water flow direction (WF)).
  • the outlet draft tube (500) can extend along the water flow direction (WF) and the peripheral wall (512) can delimit the flow channel (510).
  • water (water stream 700) can thus flow through the flow channel (510) formed by the peripheral wall (512), from the outlet (430) of the intermediate draft tube (400) towards the outlet (530) of the outlet draft tube (500).
  • the outlet draft tube (500) also includes an inner surface (532), as well as an outer surface (534), opposite the inner surface (532).
  • the outlet draft tube (500) defines a height (H3), a length (L3), a width (Wi3) at the inlet (520), a width (Wo3) at the outlet (530), a height (Hi3) at the inlet (520), as well as a height (Ho3) at the outlet (530).
  • the outlet draft tube (500) can define a height (H3) so it can be fully submerged into the shallow body of water height. More particularly, the height (H3) can be substantially constant along its length (L3) (or along the water flow direction (WF)).
  • the height (Hi3) at the inlet (520) can substantially correspond to the height (Ho3) at the outlet (530) of the outlet draft tube (500).
  • the height (Ho3) at the outlet (530) can be slightly greater than the height (Hi3) at the inlet (520).
  • the height of the outlet draft tube (500) can increase along its length (L3) (or along the water flow direction (WF)) from the inlet (520) towards the outlet (530) of the outlet draft tube (500), or along a section of the length (L3).
  • Other configurations of the outlet draft tube (500) are possible. Nonetheless, as best illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 , it is noted that the width (Wo3) at the outlet (530) can be greater than the width (Wi3) at the inlet (520).
  • the width of the outlet draft tube (500) can increase along its length (L3) (or along the water flow direction (WF)) from the inlet (520) towards the outlet (530) of the outlet draft tube (500), or alternatively, along a segment of its length (L3).
  • the height of the outlet draft tube (500) can increase or decrease along its length (L3) following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels
  • the width of the outlet draft tube (500) can increase along its length (L3) following another hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400 and 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels.
  • the inlet draft tube (300) can be at least partially engaged in the flow channel (410) of the intermediate draft tube (400), while the intermediate draft tube (400) can be at least partially engaged in the flow channel (520) of the outlet draft tube (500).
  • the outlet (330) of the inlet draft tube (300) can be received in the inlet (420) of the intermediate draft tube (400), while the outlet (430) of the intermediate draft tube (400) can be received in the inlet (520) of the outlet draft tube (500) so that the multi-stage cowl (100) can further include a first water passage (140) at the inlet (420) of the intermediate draft tube (400), as well as a second water passage (142) at the inlet (520) of the outlet draft tube (500).
  • the first water passage (140) can be provided in periphery of the outlet (320) of the inlet draft tube (300), so that water (water stream (800)) can flow through the passage formed between the outer surface (334) of the inlet draft tube (300) at the outlet (330) thereof, and the inner surface (432) of the intermediate draft tube (400) at the inlet (420) thereof.
  • the second water passage (142) can be provided in periphery of the outlet (430) of the intermediate draft tube (400), so that water (water stream (900)) can flow through the passage formed between the outer surface (434) of the intermediate draft tube (400) at the outlet (430) thereof, and the inner surface (532) of the outlet draft tube (500) at the inlet (520) thereof.
  • the height (Hi2) at the inlet (420) can be greater than the height (Ho1) at the outlet (330) and the height (Hi3) at the inlet (520) can be greater than the height (Ho2) at the outlet (430), while the width (Wi2) at the inlet (420) can be greater than the width (Wo1) at the outlet (330) and the width (Wi3) at the inlet (520) can be greater than the width (Wo2) at the outlet (430).
  • Other configurations of the drat tubes (300, 400, 500) are possible, as long as water can flow through the inlets (420, 520) of the draft tubes (400, 500).
  • the inlet draft tube (300) can include substantially straight portions (361) (i.e., left and right substantially straight portions (361)), and diverging wall portions (362) (i.e., left and right diverging wall portions (362)), about the outlet (330), which can extend from the straight portions (361) (or water flow direction (WF)) at a divergence angle ( ⁇ 1).
  • the divergence angle ( ⁇ 1) can be between about 2° and about 60°, between about 10° and about 40°, or between about 25° and about 35°.
  • the width of the inlet draft tube (300) can increase along a segment of its length (L1) following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels. It is however noted that in another scenario, the width of the inlet draft tube (300) can increase along a segment of its length (L1) following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels. It is further noted that the peripheral wall (312) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as the width of the inlet draft tube (300) can increase along at least a segment of its length (L1). For example, that segment can be found about outlet (330), adjacent to the first water passage 140.
  • the inlet draft tube (300) can include substantially straight portions (363) (i.e., upper and lower substantially straight portions (363)), and converging wall portions (364) (i.e., upper and lower converging wall portions (364)), between the runner cross-section and the outlet (330) for example, which can extend from the straight portions (363) at a convergence angle ( ⁇ 2).
  • the convergence angle ( ⁇ 2) can be between about 1° and about 20°, between about 5° and about 15°, or between about 8° and about 12°.
  • the converging wall portions (364) can have an hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels.
  • the height of the inlet draft tube (300) can decrease along a segment of its length (L1) following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400 and 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels.
  • the height of the inlet draft tube (300) can increase along a segment of its length (L1) following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels.
  • peripheral wall (312) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as the height of the inlet draft tube (300) can allow the cowl (100) to be fully submerged into the body of water, and as long as the outlet (330) can be received in the inlet (420) so as to form the water passage (140).
  • the intermediate draft tube (400) can include inlet portions (461) (i.e., left and right inlet portions (461)), about the inlet (420), as well as outlet portions (462) (i.e., left and right outlet portions (462)), about the outlet (430).
  • the outlet portions (462) can extend from the water flow direction (WF) or axis (X) at a divergence angle ( ⁇ 3).
  • the divergence angle ( ⁇ 3) can be between about 8° and about 90°, between about 10° and about 60°, or between about 45° and about 55°.
  • the outlet portions (462) can have a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section.
  • the width of the intermediate draft tube (400) can increase along its length (L2), or a segment of its length (L2), following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels.
  • the peripheral wall (412) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as the width of the intermediate draft tube (400) can increase along at least a segment of its length (L2). For example, that segment can be found about the outlet (430), adjacent to the second water passage 142.
  • the width increasing rate of the intermediate draft tube (400) can be greater for the outlet portions (462) than for the inlet portions (461).
  • the intermediate draft tube (400) can include upper and lower portions (463, 464).
  • Each one of the upper and lower portions (463, 464) can extend from the water flow direction (WF) or axis (X) at a converging angle ( ⁇ 4).
  • the convergence angle ( ⁇ 4) can be between about 1° and about 20°, between about 5° and about 15°, or between about 8° and about 12°.
  • the upper and lower portions (463, 464) can have a substantially straight profile.
  • the height of the intermediate draft tube (400) can slightly decrease along its length (L2) following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels. It is however noted that in another scenario, the height of the intermediate draft tube (400) can increase along its length (L2) , or a segment thereof, following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels.
  • peripheral wall (412) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as the height of the intermediate draft tube (400) can allow the cowl (100) to be fully submerged into the body of water, and as long as the outlet (430) can be received in the inlet (520) so as to form the water passage (142).
  • the outlet draft tube (500) can include inlet portions (576) (i.e., left and right inlet portions (576)), about the inlet (520), as well as outlet portions (577) (i.e., left and right outlet portions (577)), about the outlet (530).
  • the outlet portions (577) can extend from the water flow direction (WF) or axis (X) at a divergence angle ( ⁇ 5).
  • the divergence angle ( ⁇ 5) can be between about 8° and about 90°, between about 10° and about 85°, or between about 60° and about 60°.
  • the outlet portions (577) can have a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels.
  • the width of the outlet draft tube (500) can increase along its length (L3), or a segment of its length (L3), following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels.
  • the peripheral wall (512) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as the width of the outlet draft tube (500) can increase along at least a segment of its length (L3). For example, that segment can be found about outlet (530).
  • the width increasing rate of the outlet draft tube (500) can be greater for the outlet portions (577) than for the inlet portions (576).
  • the outlet draft tube (500) can include upper and lower portions (578, 579).
  • Each one of the upper and lower portions (578, 579) can extend from the water flow direction (WF) or axis (X) at a diverging angle ( ⁇ 6).
  • the convergence angle ( ⁇ 6) can be between about 1 ° and about 85°, between about 2° and about 60°, or between about 4° and about 40°.
  • the upper and lower portions (578, 579) can have a substantially straight profile.
  • the height of the outlet draft tube (500) can slightly increase along its length (L3) following hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels. It is however noted that in another scenario, the height of the outlet draft tube (500) can decrease along its length (L3) or a segment thereof, following a hydraulic profile designed and optimized to stabilize the flow and avoid fluid separation inside the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) and at the runner cross section to negligible levels. It is further noted that the peripheral wall (512) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as the height of the outlet draft tube (500) can allow the cowl (100) to be fully submerged into the body of water.
  • the widths of the inlet, intermediate and/or outlet draft tubes (300, 400, 500) can increase along their lengths, or segment(s) thereof, following a substantially linear relationship and/or a non-linear relationship.
  • the heights of the inlet, intermediate and/or outlet draft tubes (300, 400, 500) can increase and/or decrease along their lengths, or segment(s) thereof, following a substantially linear relationship and/or a non-linear relationship.
  • water (stream (700)) can flow through the inlet (320), through the upstream section (322), through the downstream section (324), and then through the outlet (330) of the inlet draft tube (300).
  • water that has not entered the inlet draft tube (300) i.e., stream (800)
  • first water passage (140) provided at the inlet (420) in periphery of the inlet draft tube (300), and can be combined with the water stream (700), which flows through the intermediate draft tube (400) along the water flow direction (WF).
  • water flow (800) can follow the inlet and outlet portions (461, 462) of the inner surface (432) of the peripheral wall (412).
  • water streams (700, 800) can flow through the outlet draft tube (500) towards the outlet (530)
  • water that has not entered the inlet or intermediate draft tubes (300, 400) (stream (900)) can flow through the second water passage (142), provided at the inlet (520) in periphery of the intermediate draft tube (400), and can be combined with the water stream (700, 800), which flows through the outlet draft tube (500) along the water flow direction (WF).
  • water flow (900) can follow the inlet and outlet portions (576, 577) of the inner surface (532) of the peripheral wall (512).
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) described herein thus allows to increase water flow and pressure drop at the runner cross-section of the turbine (200) so as to maximize the produced power output, while respecting dimensional constraints provided by the shallow body of water, the river for example, in which the turbine (200) is submerged.
  • the multi-staged effect provided by the multi-staged cowl (100) in periphery of outlets (330, 430)) can thus allow water to flow through the turbine (200) at a substantially stable water flow, away from oscillation, with negligible vortices and fluid separation.
  • the height (H) of the multi-staged cowl (100) can remain substantially constant along its length (L), or along the water flow direction (WF), so that the multi-staged cowl (100) and turbine (200) arrangement can be operational in the shallow river.
  • the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) have widths which can increase along at least a segment of their lengths (L1, L2, L3), so that an optimized water mass flow can flow therethrough, and more particularly, at the runner cross-section of the turbine (200). This configuration of the multi-staged cowl (100) can thus allow to avoid fluid separation when water flows through the draft tubes (300, 400, 500), and prevent vortices creation about the turbine (200) to negligible levels.
  • the water passages (140, 142) further allow water that has not been supplied to the runner cross-section of the turbine (200) to be combined with the water that flows through the draft tubes (400, 500).
  • Such features of the cowl (100) can allow for a stable water flow through the draft tubes (300, 400, 500), and thus, for a stable and increased water flow at the runner cross-section of the turbine (200), increasing the power output thereof.
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) can have the ability to maintain a quasi-laminar flow about the inner surfaces (432, 532) of the draft tubes (400, 500), thanks to the increasing widths along their lengths (L2, L3), as well as through the first and second water passages (140, 142), an effective vortices-free and separation-free flow can be maintained through the draft tubes (300, 400, 500), and thus, at the runner cross-section of the turbine (200), while the cowl (100) can have a length (L) that can be operatively and economically viable.
  • the cavitation volume has been minimized by design at the runner cross-section of the turbine (200) to negligible levels.
  • the configuration of the multi-staged cowl (100), with its different stages (130) (e.g., inlet, intermediate and outlet draft tubes (300, 400, 500)) provides for the widest lateral reach that does not exist in the art for such a short length of the optimized multi-staged cowl (100), which can allow to create that significant pressure drop and water flow rate at the runner cross-section of the turbine (200).
  • the first and second water passages (140, 142) formed at the inlets (420, 520) can help in obtaining the substantially stable mass flow at the runner cross-section of the turbine (200) by preventing vortices creations and eliminating fluid separation to negligible levels.
  • Water which flows through the multi-staged cowl (100) can thus be substantially separation-free and vortices-free, thanks to the high velocity water flows that are created adjacent to the inner and outer surfaces (432, 434) of the intermediate draft tube (400), and to the high velocity water flows that are created adjacent to the inner and outer surfaces (532, 534) of the outlet draft tube (500).
  • a substantially stable water flow can thus circulate through the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) (and turbine (200)), while a turbulent unsteady water can flow at the inlet (110) of the multi-staged cowl (100).
  • cowl (100) can increase the decompression at the outlet (120) and can limit cavitation within the flow channels (310, 410, 510) as well as at the tip of the blades (230, 232, 234, 236) to negligible levels.
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) can optionally include a base (10) for supporting stages (130) (e.g., the draft tubes (300, 400, 500)) thereon and above the bed of the water course.
  • the base (10) can include a main frame (12), which can define a draft tubes receiving surface (14), a ground facing surface (16), and sidewalls (30, 32).
  • the base (10) can further include a plurality of supporting legs (22, 24, 26, 28), which can extend downwardly from the main frame (12), so that the base (10) can be opened along the water flow direction (WF) (i.e., water can also circulate underneath the stages (130) along the overall length (L) of the cowl (100)).
  • WF water flow direction
  • This opened configuration of the base (10) allows water to flow all around the draft tubes (300, 400, 500). Allowing the water to flow in the water direction underneath the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) along the length (L) of the cowl (100), in between the left and right supporting legs (22, 24, 26, 28) for example, can have an important effect on the overall water flow through the turbine (200), as a lack of flow through the bottom of the turbine (200) can actually create less negative pressure fields at the outlet (120) of the cowl (100), and thus, at the outlet of the turbine (200), reducing the power output thereof.
  • This opened configuration of the base (10) can thus allow those negative fields at the outlets (430, 530) of draft tubes (400, 500) to be created.
  • the base (10) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as it can support the stages (130) (e.g., the draft tubes (300, 400, 500)) above the bed of the water course and causes the least pressure drop for the underneath flow.
  • the base (10) can be designed so as to provide as little longitudinal obstruction as possible to the water which flows underneath the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) in the water flow direction (WF).
  • the supporting legs (22, 24, 26, 28) can be hydraulically profiled along the water flow direction (WF).
  • the supporting legs (22, 24, 26, 28) can be independently adjustable so that the base (10), and thus the draft tubes (300, 400, 500), can be levelled at appropriate 3-axis positions, in a way to maximize turbine power output.
  • the supporting legs (22, 24, 26, 28) with adjustable-legs type of mechanisms, once the turbine (200) and cowl (100) arrangement has been lowered to its desired position and orientation, the locking mechanism can be released, and can allow to lock the turbine (200) and cowl (100) arrangement in the optimum position relative to the bed of the water course.
  • installing conventional turbines can rather be labor intensive, and can require specialized skills. Indeed, experienced divers can be required, which can be very expensive and risky.
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) includes a reinforcement structure (562) for enhancing flow stability and/or providing structural stability to the multi-staged cowl (100), and more particularly, to the outlet or third stage draft tube (500).
  • the reinforcement structure (562) can also help in preventing water flow oscillations.
  • the reinforcement structure (562) can include spaced apart struts (564, 570) which can extend between lower and upper portions of the inner surface (532).
  • the strut (564) can extend between a right side and lower portion of the inner surface (532) and a right side and upper portion of the inner surface (532) of the outlet draft tube (500) between the inlet and outlet (520, 530) thereof.
  • the strut (570) can extend between a left side and lower portion of the inner surface (532) and a left side and upper portion of the inner surface (532) of the outlet draft tube (500) between the inlet and outlet (520, 530) thereof.
  • the strut lower ends (566, 572) can be secured to the lower portion of the inner surface (532), while the strut upper ends (568, 574) can be secured to the upper portion of the inner surface (532) of the outlet draft tube (500).
  • the struts (564, 570) can be at an angle tilting inwards towards the central axis (X) (i.e., towards the center of the outlet draft tube (500)).
  • the strut lower ends (566, 572) and the strut upper ends (568, 574) of the struts (564, 570) can be secured to the lower and upper portions of the inner surface (532) of the outlet draft tube (500) using any suitable mechanical fasteners.
  • the strut lower ends (566, 572) and the strut upper ends (568, 574) of the struts (564, 570) can be secured to the outlet draft tube (500) using other known techniques (e.g., by welding). It is also noted that the struts (564, 570) can be integrally formed with the peripheral wall (512). It is further noted that the reinforcement structure (562) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as it can structurally reinforce the cowl (100) and/or help in the enhancement of the water flow stability, at least in part, and as long as water can flow through the outlet draft tube (500) with as little longitudinal obstructions as possible, so water flow can be enhanced through the multi-staged cowl (100).
  • the reinforcement structure (562) can be hydraulically profiled along the water flow direction (WF). It is further noted that, instead of being provided on the outlet draft tube (500), the reinforcement structure (562) can be coupled to the inlet draft tube (300) and/or to the intermediate draft tube (400). Finally, it is noted that the struts (564, 570) can be configured so as to avoid flow resonance and cut certain turbulent flow induced frequencies in the draft tube (500).
  • the multi-staged cowl (100) includes a reinforcement structure (155), which can upwardly extend from the stages, along the length (L) of the multi-staged cowl (100), or alternatively, along a segment of the length (L).
  • the reinforcement structure (155) includes spaced apart upper ribs (160, 170). Beside from providing structural stability to the multi-staged cowl (100) by connecting the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) together, the ribs (160, 170) can further enhance water flow around them, above the flow channel (135) and therefore, through the multi-staged cowl (100) and turbine (200) at the runner cross-section thereof.
  • the ribs (160, 170) can thus contribute to increasing the power output of the hydrokinetic turbine (200).
  • Each rib (160, 170) can upwardly extend from the outer surfaces (334, 434, 534) of the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) between the inlet (110) and the outlet (120) of the multi-staged cowl (100). Indeed, upstream ends (172) of the ribs (160, 170) can be found about the inlet (320) of the inlet draft tube (300), while the downstream ends (174) of the ribs (160, 170) can be found about the outlet (530) of the outlet draft tube (500).
  • the inner draft tube (300) can include a connecting member (370) which can upwardly extend from the outer surface (334)
  • the intermediate draft tube (400) can include a connecting member (470) which can upwardly extend from the outer surface (434)
  • the outer draft tube (500) can include a connecting member (580) which can upwardly extend from the outer surface (534).
  • the connecting members (370, 470, 580) can be secured to the outer surfaces (334, 434, 534) of the draft tubes (300, 400, 500) using suitable mechanical fasteners or other known techniques (e.g., by welding). It is also noted that the connecting members (370, 470, 580) can be integrally formed with the peripheral walls (312, 412, 512).
  • each upper rib (160, 170) can include an upstream segment (176), which can upwardly extend from the outer surfaces (334, 434), between the inlet (320) of the inlet draft tube (320) and the intermediate draft tube (400), and a downstream segment (180), which can upwardly extend from the outer surfaces (434, 534) between the intermediate draft tube (400) and the outlet (530) of the outlet draft tube (500).
  • the downstream segment (180) can extend from the upstream segment (176) at a divergence angle ( ⁇ 7).
  • the downstream segments (180) can thus tilt outwardly at an angle from the central axis (X) of the draft tubes (300, 400, 500).
  • each upper rib (160, 170) can include a lower section (182) for connecting with the peripheral wall (312), a lower section (184) for connecting with the peripheral wall (412), as well as a lower section (186) for connecting with the peripheral wall (512).
  • the lower section (182) can be secured to the connecting member (370) which extends from the peripheral wall (312)
  • the lower section (184) can be secured to the connecting member (470) which extends from the peripheral wall (412)
  • the lower section (186) can be secured to the connecting member (580) which extends from the peripheral wall (512).
  • the lower sections (182, 184, 186) of the upper ribs (160, 170) can be secured to the connecting members (370, 470, 580) using suitable mechanical fasteners or other known techniques (e.g., by welding). It is also noted that the upper ribs (160, 170) can be integrally formed with the peripheral walls (312, 412, 512).
  • the upper ribs (160, 170) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as it can connect at least some of the stages or draft tubes together, as it can enhance water flow above the draft tubes, and/or as long as water can flow above the draft tubes with as little longitudinal obstructions as possible.
  • the upper ribs (160, 170) can be hydraulically profiled along the water flow direction (WF), at least in part.
  • the height (H) of the multi-staged cowl (100) can be between about 1 meter and about 10 meters, between about 2 meters and about 6 meters, or between about 3 meters and about 5 meters.
  • the overall height (H1) of inlet draft tube (300) can be between about 1 meter and about 10 meters, between about 2 meters and about 6 meters, or between about 3 meters and about 5 meters
  • the overall height (H2) of intermediate draft tube (400) can be between about 1 meter and about 10 meters, between about 2 meters and about 6 meters, or between about 3 meters and about 5 meters
  • the overall height (H3) of outlet draft tube (500) can be between about 1 meter and about 10 meters, between about 2 meters and about 6 meters, or between about 3 meters and about 5 meters.
  • the height (Hi1) at the inlet (320) can be slightly greater than the height (Ho1) at the outlet (330) of the inlet draft tube (300).
  • the height (Hi1) can be more than about 104% greater, more than about 108% greater, or more than about 112% greater than the height (Ho1) at the outlet (330).
  • the height of the intermediate draft tube (400) can decrease along its length (L2), or along the water flow direction (WF).
  • the height (Hi2) at the inlet (420) can be more than about 104%, more than about 108%, more than about 112%, or more than about 115% greater than the height (Ho2) at the outlet (430).
  • the height Ho3 at the outlet (530) can be greater than the height Ho2 at the outlet (430), and can substantially correspond to the height Hi2 at the inlet (420) of the intermediate draft tube (400).
  • the height (Hi2) at the inlet (420) of the intermediate draft tube (400) can substantially correspond to the height (Hi1) at the inlet (320) of the inlet draft tube (300), whereas the height (Ho2) at the outlet (430) of the intermediate draft tube (400) can substantially correspond to the height (Ho1) at the outlet (430) of the inlet draft tube (300).
  • the width (Wi) at the inlet (110) can be between about 1 meter and about 10 meters, between about 2 meters and about 6 meters, or between about 3 meters and about 5 meters, while the width (Wo) at the outlet (120) can be between about 2 meters and about 20 meters, between about 8 meters and about 15 meters, or between about 10 meters and about 13 meters.
  • the width (Wi) at the inlet (110) can substantially correspond to the height (H) of the multi-staged cowl (100), while the width (Wo) of the multi-staged cowl (100) at the outlet (120) can be greater than the height (H) of the multi-staged cowl (100).
  • the width (Wo) at the outlet (120) can be at least about 1.5 times greater, at least about 2 times greater, or at least about 3 times greater than the height (H) of the multi-staged cowl (100).
  • the width (Wo) at the outlet (120) can be at least 1.5 times greater, at least about 2 times greater, or at least about 3 times greater than the width (Wi) at the inlet (110) of the multi-staged cowl (100).
  • the width (Wi1) at the inlet (320) can substantially correspond to the height (Hi1) at the inlet (320), while the width (Wo1) at the outlet (330) can be greater than the height (Hi1) at the outlet (330).
  • the width (Wo1) at the outlet (330) can be greater than the width (Wi1) at the inlet (320).
  • the width (Wo1) at the outlet (330) can be at least about 105%, at least about 110% or at least about 115% greater than the width (Wi1) at the inlet (320).
  • the width (Wi2) at the inlet (420) can be greater than the height (Hi2) at the inlet (420), while the width Wi2 at the inlet (420) can be greater than the width (Wo1) at the outlet (330).
  • the height (Hi2) at the inlet (420) can be greater than the height (Hi1) at the outlet (330).
  • the width (Wo2) at the outlet (430) can be greater than the height (Ho2) at the outlet (430).
  • the width (Wo2) at the outlet (430) can be at least about 108%, at least about 115%, at least about 120%, at least about 130%, or at least about 140% greater than the width (Wi2) of the inlet (420).
  • the width (Wi3) at the inlet (520) can be greater than the height (Hi3) at the inlet (520), while the width (Wi3) at the inlet (520) can be greater than the width (Wo2) at the outlet (430). Also, the height (Hi3) at the inlet (520) can be greater than the height (Ho2) at the outlet (430). Moreover, the width (Wo3) at the outlet (530) can be greater than the height (Ho3) at the outlet (530). For example, the width (Wo3) at the outlet (530) can be at least about 108%, at least about 115%, at least about 120%, at least about 130%, or at least about 140% greater than the width (Wi3) at the inlet (520).
  • the length (L) of the multi-staged cowl (100) can be at least less than about 10 times greater, at least less than about 6 times greater, at least less than about 4 times greater, or at least less than about 2 times greater than the height (H) of the multi-staged cowl (100). It is noted that, due to the particular geometry of multi-staged cowl (100) (i.e., of the particular geometry of the draft tubes (300), (400), (500)), the ratio between the length (L) and the height (H) of multi-staged cowl (100), also known as the length to turbine diameter ratio, can be reduced with regards to known multi-staged cowls or draft tubes assemblies.
  • the length (L) of the multi-staged cowl (100) can be between about 2 meters and about 4 meters, between about 3 meters and about 6 meters, or between about 4 meters and about 8 meters.
  • the length (L1) of the inlet draft tube (300) can be at least about 15%, at least about 20%, or at least about 30% of the length (L) of the multi-staged cowl (100)
  • the length (L2) of the intermediate draft tube (400) can be at least about 5%, at least about 15%, or at least about 25% of the length (L) of the multi-staged cowl (100)
  • the length (L3) of the outlet draft tube (500) can be at least about 5%, at least about 15%, or at least about 25% of the length (L) of the multi-staged cowl (100).
  • the length (L2) of the intermediate draft tube (400) can be smaller than the length (L1) of the inlet draft tube (100).
  • the length (L2) can be at least less than about 80%, at least less than about 70%, at least less than about 60%, at least less than about 50%, or at least less than about 40% of the length (L1).
  • the length (L3) of the outlet draft tube (500) can be smaller than the length (L1) of the inlet draft tube (300).
  • the length (L3) can be at least less than about 80%, at least less than about 70%, at least less than about 60%, at least less than about 50%, or at least less than about 40% of the length (L1).
  • the length (L3) of the outlet draft tube (500) can substantially correspond to the length (L2) of the intermediate draft tube (400).
  • the inlet (110) of an upstream one of the stages (130) can have a substantially circular cross-section, while the outlet (120) of a downstream one of the stages (130) can have a substantially ellipse-shaped cross-section.
  • the inlet (320) of the inlet draft tube (300) can have a substantially circular-shaped cross-section
  • the outlet (330) of the inlet draft tube (300) can have a substantially oval-shaped cross-section
  • the inlet (420) of the intermediate draft tube (400) can have a substantially ellipse-shaped cross-section
  • the outlet (430) of the intermediate draft tube (400) can have a substantially ellipse-shaped cross-section
  • the inlet (520) of the outlet draft tube (500) can have a substantially ellipse-shaped cross-section
  • the outlet (530) of the outlet draft tube (500) can have a substantially ellipse-shaped cross-section.
  • the cross-section at the outlet (330) of the inner draft tube (300) can be a fraction in terms of percent of the cross-section at the inlet (420) of the intermediate draft tube (400), so water can flow through the inlet (420) thereof.
  • the cross-section at the outlet (430) of the intermediate draft tube (400) can be a fraction in terms of percent of the cross-section at the inlet (520) of the outlet draft tube (500), so water can flow through the inlet (520) thereof.
  • the thickness of the peripheral walls (312, 412, 512) can vary along their lengths (L1, L2, L3) (or a segment thereof), or alternatively, can remain substantially constant along their lengths (L1, L2, L3).
  • the peripheral wall (312) forming the inlet draft tube (300) can have a thickness which can be greater at the inlet (320) than at the outlet (330).
  • the peripheral walls (312, 412, 512) can take any shape, size or configuration, as long as it can provide the required structural and mass flow stability, eliminate vortices and avoid fluid separation and in particular, at the runner cross section of the multi-staged cowl (100).
  • the multi-staged cowl can include a first stage draft tube and a second stage draft tube so that only one water passage can be formed at the inlet of the second stage draft tube.
  • more than three stages can also be provided.
  • (n) stages can be provided so as to form (n-1) water passages in between the (n) stages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Capot multi-étagé (100) pour recevoir au moins une partie d'une hydrolienne (200) comprenant un moyeu (220) et des pales (230, 232, 234, 236) s'étendant radialement à partir de celui-ci, le capot multi-étagé comprenant :
    une entrée (110) ;
    une sortie (120) ; et
    de multiples étages s'étendant entre l'entrée et la sortie pour recevoir l'hydrolienne (130) dans ceux-ci, les étages définissant un canal d'écoulement d'eau pour un écoulement d'eau à travers celui-ci le long d'une direction d'écoulement d'eau (WF) depuis l'entrée vers la sortie ;
    dans lequel les multiples étages définissent une hauteur sensiblement constante le long de la direction d'écoulement d'eau ; et
    dans lequel au moins un parmi les multiples étages définit une largeur augmentant le long de la direction d'écoulement d'eau, et
    dans lequel les multiples étages comprennent un tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée (300) et un tuyau d'aspiration de sortie (500) configurés de manière à permettre à l'eau de s'écouler à travers ceux-ci le long de la direction d'écoulement d'eau (WF), et les multiples étages comprennent en outre un tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire (400), en aval du tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée, et en amont du tuyau d'aspiration de sortie, et
    caractérisé en ce que
    le capot multi-étagé comprend en outre une structure de renforcement extérieure (562) pour renforcer les multiples étages et s'étendant à partir de ceux-ci, la structure de renforcement extérieure comprenant une pluralité de nervures supérieures (160, 170) espacées, les nervures supérieures s'étendant chacune vers le haut à partir des surfaces extérieures des tuyaux d'aspiration d'entrée, intermédiaire et de sortie.
  2. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel une largeur à la sortie est au moins environ 120 % plus grande qu'une largeur à l'entrée.
  3. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée (300) comprend :
    une entrée de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée (320) ;
    une sortie de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée (330) ; et
    une paroi périphérique d'entrée (312) s'étendant entre l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée et la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée et définissant un canal d'écoulement d'eau d'entrée pour un écoulement d'eau à travers celui-ci le long de la direction d'écoulement d'eau depuis l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée vers la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée, la paroi périphérique d'entrée comprenant une surface intérieure et une surface extérieure.
  4. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire (400) comprend :
    une entrée de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire (420) configurée pour recevoir la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée ;
    une sortie de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire (430) ; et
    une paroi périphérique intermédiaire (412) s'étendant entre l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire et la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire et définissant un canal d'écoulement d'eau intermédiaire pour un écoulement d'eau à travers celui-ci le long de la direction d'écoulement d'eau depuis l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire vers la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire, la paroi périphérique intermédiaire comprenant une surface intérieure et une surface extérieure.
  5. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 4, comprenant un premier passage d'eau à l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire formé entre la surface extérieure de la paroi périphérique d'entrée et la surface intérieure de la paroi périphérique intermédiaire pour un écoulement d'eau à travers celui-ci depuis l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire vers la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire.
  6. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la coupe transversale à l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire est plus grande que la coupe transversale à la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée.
  7. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le premier passage d'eau s'étend le long de la périphérie de l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée.
  8. Capot multi-étagé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, dans lequel le tuyau d'aspiration de sortie (500) comprend :
    une entrée de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie (520) configurée pour recevoir la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire ;
    une sortie de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie (530) ; et
    une paroi périphérique de sortie (512) s'étendant entre l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie et la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie et définissant un canal d'écoulement d'eau de sortie pour un écoulement d'eau à travers celui-ci le long de la direction d'écoulement d'eau depuis l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie vers la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie, la paroi périphérique de sortie comprenant une surface intérieure et une surface extérieure.
  9. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 8, comprenant en outre un second passage d'eau à l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie formé entre la surface extérieure de la paroi périphérique intermédiaire et la surface intérieure de la paroi périphérique de sortie pour un écoulement d'eau à travers celui-ci depuis l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie vers la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie.
  10. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel la coupe transversale à l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie est plus grande que la coupe transversale à la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire.
  11. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel le second passage d'eau s'étend le long de la périphérie de l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire.
  12. Capot multi-étagé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, dans lequel le tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire définit une largeur de tuyau d'aspiration intermédiaire augmentant le long de la direction d'écoulement d'eau conformément à une première relation non linéaire.
  13. Capot multi-étagé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12, dans lequel le tuyau d'aspiration de sortie définit une largeur de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie augmentant le long de la direction d'écoulement d'eau conformément à une deuxième relation non linéaire.
  14. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la largeur de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie augmente depuis l'entrée de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie vers la sortie de tuyau d'aspiration de sortie.
  15. Capot multi-étagé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 14, dans lequel le tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée définit une longueur de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée et une largeur de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée augmentant le long d'un segment de la longueur de tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée conformément à une troisième relation non linéaire.
  16. Capot multi-étagé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 15, dans lequel la largeur à la sortie est plus grande que la hauteur à la sortie.
  17. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 16, dans lequel la largeur à la sortie est au moins environ 120 % plus grande que la hauteur à la sortie.
  18. Capot multi-étagé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 17, comprenant en outre une base pour supporter les multiples étages sur celle-ci.
  19. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 18, dans lequel la base définit une configuration ouverte pour permettre à l'eau de s'écouler en dessous des multiples étages dans la direction d'écoulement d'eau le long de la longueur des multiples étages.
  20. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 19, dans lequel la base comprend un cadre principal pour supporter les multiples étages, et une pluralité de pieds de support s'étendant vers le bas à partir de celui-ci.
  21. Capot multi-étagé selon la revendication 19 ou 20, dans lequel la base comprend en outre un mécanisme de mise à niveau configuré pour mettre à niveau les multiples étages par rapport à la direction d'écoulement d'eau.
  22. Capot multi-étagé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 21, comprenant en outre une structure de support de moyeu s'étendant à partir des multiples étages pour supporter l'au moins une partie de l'hydrolienne dans les étages, la structure de support de moyeu comprenant une pluralité d'éléments de support de moyeu espacés, les éléments de support s'étendant chacun entre la surface intérieure du tuyau d'aspiration d'entrée et le moyeu.
  23. Capot multi-étagé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une structure de renforcement intérieure pour renforcer les multiples étages, la structure de renforcement intérieure comprenant une pluralité de montants espacés, les montants s'étendant chacun entre une portion inférieure et une portion supérieure de la surface intérieure du tuyau d'aspiration de sortie.
EP20769425.8A 2019-03-14 2020-03-13 Capot multi-étagé pour une turbine hydrocinétique Active EP3938646B1 (fr)

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UY38609A (es) 2020-09-30
US20200291916A1 (en) 2020-09-17
BR112021018032A2 (pt) 2021-11-23
CA3133502A1 (fr) 2020-09-17
PT3938646T (pt) 2024-04-22
FI3938646T3 (fi) 2024-05-03
EP3938646A4 (fr) 2022-12-07
US11629684B2 (en) 2023-04-18
AR118364A1 (es) 2021-09-29
CN113574268A (zh) 2021-10-29
KR20210138680A (ko) 2021-11-19
EP3938646A1 (fr) 2022-01-19
WO2020181389A1 (fr) 2020-09-17
DK3938646T3 (da) 2024-04-08
AU2020234745A1 (en) 2021-09-23

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