EP3912223A1 - Wellenleiteranordnung, wellenleiterübergang und verwendung einer wellenleiteranordnung - Google Patents
Wellenleiteranordnung, wellenleiterübergang und verwendung einer wellenleiteranordnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3912223A1 EP3912223A1 EP20701020.8A EP20701020A EP3912223A1 EP 3912223 A1 EP3912223 A1 EP 3912223A1 EP 20701020 A EP20701020 A EP 20701020A EP 3912223 A1 EP3912223 A1 EP 3912223A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- electrically conductive
- dielectric
- arrangement
- conductive plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/087—Transitions to a dielectric waveguide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
- H01P11/001—Manufacturing waveguides or transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P11/006—Manufacturing dielectric waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/16—Dielectric waveguides, i.e. without a longitudinal conductor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a waveguide arrangement comprising an electrical circuit arrangement, egg nen dielectric waveguide and an intermediate waveguide transition for transmitting an electromagnetic wave between the circuit arrangement and the dielectric Wellenlei ter.
- the invention also relates to a waveguide transition for transmitting an electromagnetic wave between a circuit arrangement and a dielectric waveguide.
- the invention also relates to the use of a waveguide arrangement.
- wired data transmission can essentially be divided into two different technologies.
- Data transmission using metallic conductors and optical data transmission using glass fibers are known.
- Optical data transmission is extremely low-loss and possible at high data rates.
- optical data transmission always requires the conversion of electrical signals into optical signals and vice versa, which makes complex transmission and reception structures necessary in this type of signal transmission.
- the present invention relates to data transmission via so-called dielectric waveguides ("Dielectric Waveguides",
- the electrical signal of a carrier frequency is modulated, in particular in the millimeter wave range (for example 80 GHz) and transmitted as an electromagnetic wave along the dielectric waveguide.
- the method does not require an electro-optical conversion.
- the concept has the advantage of being able to transmit very high data rates, for example in the range of 50 GB / s, at least over medium distances, for example in the range of 10 m.
- Dielectric waveguides appear particularly interesting because the semiconductor technologies required for the high gigahertz Area are now increasingly available and enable cost-effective and high integration, for example in RF CMOS technology.
- Electromagnetic waves that propagate along a dielectric waveguide can occur in different field configurations depending on the nature of the waveguide. These under different field configurations are called "modes". If only the basic mode is carried out in a dielectric waveguide, one speaks of a “single-mode” waveguide analogously to the glass fiber. If, on the other hand, there is the possibility that the dielectric waveguide can carry several modes at the same time, the term "multi-mode" waveguide is used. How many modes a dielectric waveguide can guide depends essentially on the operating frequency and the geometry of the waveguide, in particular the size of its cross-sectional area (e.g. diameter of a round waveguide) and its permittivity (also called dielectric conductivity) from.
- Dispersion is the property of a waveguide, according to which signals or signal components of different frequencies spread at different speeds in the waveguide. In addition to damping, dispersion is a crucial parameter that can limit the maximum achievable data rate.
- the dispersion can essentially be divided into two sub-types: the waveguide dispersion and the mode dispersion.
- the waveguide dispersion describes the dispersion of the basic mode, in which the data is usually transmitted, and occurs in both single and multi-mode waveguides.
- the mode dispersion relates to the different propagation speeds of the individual modes. If higher modes at the transition to the dielectric waveguide or along the conductor are stimulated by discontinuities, data transmission can reduce the usable power and distort the signal, which can limit the maximum achievable data rate.
- the basic mode can in principle be guided by the dielectric waveguide for any frequencies. However, the field distribution and the speed of propagation within the dielectric waveguide are frequency dependent. While the basic mode has no lower cut-off frequency, all "higher modes" are only managed above an individual cut-off frequency. If a dielectric waveguide is used below the cut-off frequency of all higher modes, it is referred to as a single-mode waveguide; accordingly, a waveguide is referred to as a multi-mode waveguide if at least one further mode can be carried out in the frequency range used. Multi-mode waveguides can have a lower waveguide dispersion than single-mode waveguides, but can lose this advantage again due to possible mode dispersion. This is particularly problematic in particular if undesired modes are excited to a high degree either by the transition from the transmitter or receiver to the dielectric waveguide or by discontinuities along the waveguide.
- waveguide transitions to the dielectric waveguide are required, which transmit the electromagnetic wave from, for example, a planar circuit on a printed circuit board or from a highly integrated circuit (e.g. an MMIC, "Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit” ) transferred to the dielectric waveguide.
- a planar circuit on a printed circuit board or from a highly integrated circuit (e.g. an MMIC, "Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit” ) transferred to the dielectric waveguide.
- the dielectric waveguide parallel to the circuit arrangement.
- the dielectric waveguide can then be excited by traveling waves, the electromagnetic wave being continuously guided into the dielectric waveguide, comparable to a conical horn transition.
- Such waveguide transitions can be operated comparatively broadband. Due to the two-dimensional structure, however, for example, dual-polar transitions for using both polarizations of the basic mode of the dielectric waveguide are difficult to implement.
- a metallic plate as part of the circuit arrangement as a resonant structure, which is fed, for example, by means of a microstrip line of a printed circuit board and can excite the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric waveguide.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved waveguide arrangement, in particular to provide a waveguide arrangement with a high bandwidth.
- the present invention is also based on the object of providing an improved waveguide transition in which, in particular, a high bandwidth can be ensured during the transition of the electromagnetic wave.
- the invention has for its object to provide an advantageous use of a waveguide arrangement.
- the object is achieved for the waveguide arrangement by the features of claim 1, for the waveguide transition by the features of claim 1 8 and for use by the features of claim 1 9.
- a waveguide arrangement comprising an electrical circuit arrangement, a dielectric waveguide with a longitudinal axis and an intermediate waveguide transition for transmitting an electromagnetic wave between the circuit arrangement and the dielectric waveguide.
- An electromagnetic wave within the scope of the invention means an electromagnetic wave that is not within the light spectrum used for optical signal transmission.
- the invention is particularly suitable for transmitting an electromagnetic wave in the millimeter range (30 GHz to 300 GHz) and submillimeter range (300 GHz to 3 THz).
- the direction of transmission of the electromagnetic wave is not important in the context of the invention.
- the electromagnetic wave can thus be fed from the electrical circuit arrangement via the waveguide transition into the dielectric waveguide - or vice versa.
- a bidirectional transmission is also possible within the scope of the invention. Insofar as reference is made below to a transmission of the electromagnetic wave from the electrical circuit arrangement into which the electric waveguide is referred, this is only to be attributed to the simplified description of the invention and is not to be understood as restrictive.
- the dielectric waveguide preferably has a round cross section.
- the dielectric waveguide does not necessarily have to have a circular geometry.
- the dielectric waveguide can, for example, also be square or have a square cross section.
- the dielectric waveguide can be formed as a single-mode waveguide or as a multi-mode waveguide.
- the dielectric waveguide is preferably designed as a multi-mode waveguide.
- the dielectric waveguide is preferably formed from a core material and a cladding material encasing the core material.
- the core material can preferably be a plastic or ceramic. Ceramics can be used advantageously, for example, for transitions between microchips. From an electrical point of view, the jacket material is ideally air. However, it can also be provided from any gas, any liquid or any solid casing material.
- the waveguide transition has at least a first electrically conductive plate and a second electrically conductive plate, which are arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide (hereinafter also referred to as "axial direction") to one another between the circuit arrangement and the dielectric waveguide.
- the electrically conductive plates can be arranged in different axial planes between the circuit arrangement and the dielectric waveguide.
- the axial planes in which the respective electrically conductive platelets are arranged can be distributed along the longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide or along the elongated longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide in the axial direction.
- the longitudinal axis can be the central axis of the dielectric waveguide.
- the electrically conductive platelets are preferably designed as metallic platelets (also referred to as “patches”).
- the electrically conductive plates can form resonant structures.
- the electrically conductive plates do not necessarily have to have a continuous surface, but can also be structured in themselves.
- at least one of the electrically conductive plates can be slotted or perforated.
- electrically conductive plates can also be provided within the scope of the invention.
- a third electrically conductive plate can optionally be provided in a further axial plane between the first electrically conductive plate and the second electrically conductive plate.
- a fourth electrically conductive plate, a fifth electrically conductive plate, a sixth electrically conductive plate or even more electrically conductive plates can be provided in different axial planes between the circuit arrangement and the dielectric wave guide.
- the invention is described below with only two electrically conductive plates, however, this should not be understood as restrictive.
- the first electrically conductive plate, the second electrically conductive plate and / or any further electrically conductive plates that may be present can be round, elliptical and / or rectangular, in particular also square. Due to the use of at least two electrically conductive plates according to the invention, which can be arranged in the manner of a stack in different axial planes, the frequency bandwidth of the waveguide transition according to the invention and thus the frequency bandwidth of the waveguide arrangement according to the invention can be considerably increased compared to the prior art.
- a single resonant element used in the prior art to excite the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric waveguide, in particular a single patch, can only provide a comparatively small frequency bandwidth.
- the frequency bandwidth can be increased by attaching the second electrically conductive plate “above” the first electrically conductive plate.
- this indication relates to an axial plane which is arranged closer to the dielectric waveguide than a further axial plane "below”.
- the directions are intended to facilitate understanding of the invention, but do not imply a specific orientation of the waveguide arrangement with respect to a center of gravity (e.g. the center of the earth).
- the electrically conductive plates are capable of being electromagnetically coupled, in particular in order to feed the electromagnetic wave into the dielectric waveguide.
- the distance between the at least two electrically conductive plates and their geometry can determine the frequency bandwidth and the actual frequency position and can be determined, for example, using simulations, calculations and / or test series.
- the circuit arrangement is designed as an electrical circuit board, integrated circuit, system-in-package, multi-chip module and / or package-on-package.
- any circuit arrangement can be provided, in particular a planar circuit arrangement, for example an electrical circuit board or a highly integrated circuit, in particular an MMIC ("Monolitic Microwave Integrated Circuit").
- MMIC Monitoring Microwave Integrated Circuit
- a preferred use of the invention can relate to chip-to-chip data transmission, the circuit arrangement as an integrated circuit, e.g. B. can be designed as an application-specific integrated circuit device (ASIC) or MMIC.
- the waveguide transition can then be arranged, for example, partially or completely in a chip housing (“package”), the dielectric waveguide running between the chip housings for high-bit-rate data transmission and possibly being passed through the chip housing.
- the longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide is oriented orthogonally to a surface of the circuit arrangement facing the waveguide.
- the invention can thus serve, in particular, to implement waveguide transitions to dielectric waveguides arranged perpendicular to planar circuits, high frequency band widths being achievable.
- the dielectric waveguide is aligned perpendicular to the circuit arrangement.
- deviations from a vertical arrangement can also occur.
- the longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide is ideal or by up to 15 degrees, but preferably only by up to 10 degrees, particularly preferably only by up to 5 degrees, and very particularly preferably only by up to 1 degree thogonal orientation is tilted.
- the surface of the circuit arrangement to which the longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide is oriented orthogonally or at least approximately orthogonally, can in particular be the uppermost layer or the uppermost layer of the planar circuit, that is to say, for example, a printed circuit board or an integrated circuit .
- At least the first electrically conductive plate is preferably arranged plane-parallel to the surface of the circuit arrangement facing the waveguide.
- the longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide is oriented orthogonally to a surface of the first electrically conductive plate and / or the second electrically conductive plate (and / or possibly further electrically conductive plates) facing the waveguide.
- a tilt of the longitudinal axis for example a tolerance-related tilt by up to 15 degrees, but preferably only by up to 10 degrees, particularly preferably only by up to 5 degrees, and very particularly preferably only by up to 1 degree, to an ideal orthogonal alignment, can be provided.
- the first electrically conductive plate and the circuit arrangement are formed and arranged with respect to one another such that the first electrically conductive plate is excited electromagnetically directly by the circuit arrangement in order to transmit the electromagnetic wave.
- the first electrically conductive plate in particular a metallic plate, can preferably be designed as part or electrical component of the circuit arrangement, in particular as a conductive metallized region of the circuit arrangement.
- the circuit arrangement for exciting the first electrically conductive plate has at least one electrical line, preferably has at least one microstrip line, in order to transmit the electromagnetic wave.
- the electrical line for feeding the first plate is sometimes referred to below as the feed line.
- the first plate and the electrical line are located on or in a common layer of the circuit arrangement, for example on the top level or top layer of an electrical circuit board.
- the electrical line for exciting the first plate is preferably electrically conductively connected to the first plate. However, this is not absolutely necessary. In principle, the feed line or the electrical line for excitation of the first plate can also be located in a deeper layer of the circuit arrangement, for example a printed circuit board or an MMIC.
- the first electrically conductive plate can also be fed via an electromagnetic field coupling.
- a conductor or a conductive surface in the sense of a reference potential can be provided for the conductor-guided guidance of the electromagnetic wave, for example an electrically conductive base surface of the circuit arrangement, which is at a lower level or in a lower level or a lower layer of the circuit arrangement is arranged.
- the reference conductor can in particular be separated from the feed line in the axial direction by a substrate layer.
- the reference conductor can carry an electrical reference signal or reference potential, in particular a ground potential (GND) and thus form a ground reference.
- GND ground potential
- a resonator can be formed by the edge thereof, which is fed, for example, by the at least one electrical line, for example the microstrip line of an electrical circuit board.
- the electrically conductive plates finally excite an electromagnetic wave in the dielectric waveguide, which is then guided through the dielectric waveguide.
- the first resonance mode (in the rectangular patch TM-001) of the electrically conductive plate and a symmetrical positioning of the dielectric waveguide and the second electrically conductive plate can be particularly suitable.
- the circuit arrangement for excitation of the first electrically conductive plate has a coplanar waveguide in order to transmit the electromagnetic wave.
- the first electrically conductive plate can be supplied by means of a coplanar waveguide of the GCPW type ("Grounded Coplanar Waveguide").
- the first plate can be fed, for example, by a coplanar waveguide, the inner conductor or feed line of which, preferably with the first plate, lies in the same plane or layer of the circuit arrangement.
- the feed line or the electrical line and the first plate can be surrounded by an electrically conductive reference layer at the level of the circuit arrangement on which they are located and can be electrically insulated from the same by corresponding slots.
- the reference layer can transmit an electrical reference potential, in particular a ground potential.
- the circuit arrangement preferably has at least one further electrically conductive reference layer in at least one lower level.
- the electrically conductive reference layer (s) of the lower levels can optionally be connected to the upper reference layer by means of plated-through holes ("VIAs").
- the circuit arrangement is designed to excite the first electrically conductive plate in such a way that a dual-polar transmission, in particular with orthogonal polarization, is formed.
- the first electrically conductive plate can be fed by two independent feed lines or waveguides of the circuit arrangement, for example two independent electrical lines of the circuit arrangement, in particular two microstrip lines, in order to provide a dual-polar waveguide transition.
- two mutually orthogonal polarizations of the basic mode can be excited independently of one another by means of the inventive waveguide transition in the dielectric waveguide, as a result of which different signals are transmitted and then converted back into two independent waveguides or electrical lines of a further circuit arrangement by a further dual polar waveguide transition.
- a first electrical line of the electrical circuit arrangement can be positioned orthogonally to a second electrical line of the circuit arrangement, preferably (but not necessarily) in the same plane or layer in order to excite the different resonance modes in the first electrically conductive plate which are then also polarized orthogonally to one another.
- the second electrically conductive plate is fastened on an end face of the dielectric waveguide facing the circuit arrangement and / or is embedded in the dielectric waveguide.
- the second electrically conductive plate can be applied on or in the dielectric waveguide, for example by additive metallization. It can also be provided, for example, to use a 3D printing method in order to form the dielectric waveguide and / or the second electrically conductive plate (and possibly also further plates) in a common manufacturing process.
- the second plate can, for example, be glued and / or mechanically attached to the end face of the dielectric waveguide.
- the second electrically conductive plate (or possibly also further electrically conductive plate) is embedded in the dielectric waveguide and is preferably fixed in a materially, non-positively and / or positively in the dielectric waveguide.
- first electrically conductive plate and the second electrically conductive plate are separated from one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide by a substrate layer of the circuit arrangement.
- the first electrically conductive plate and the second electrically conductive plate can be formed as part of the circuit arrangement and, if appropriate, can be embedded in the circuit arrangement. This can also apply to any other electrically conductive platelets that may be present.
- each of the electrically conductive platelets has any geometry (rectangular, round, etc.).
- the second electrically conductive plate has a round cross section.
- the first electrically conductive plate and / or any further electrically conductive plate that may be present has or have a round cross section.
- the dielectric waveguide has, for example, a round cross section
- the electrically conductive plates are axially spaced apart from one another by at least one dielectric.
- the dielectric can be, for example, a solid body which electrically insulates the electrically conductive platelets from one another and to which the platelets are optionally attached.
- the dielectric can, however, also be air or some other gas.
- the second electrically conductive plate can be of the first electrically conductive platelets (or further electrically conductive platelets), for example, can also be separated from one another by further substrate layers of the circuit arrangement.
- the electrically conductive plates are arranged plane-parallel to one another.
- a tolerance-related deviation of a plane-parallel arrangement of the electrically conductive platelets from one another can also be provided, for example a tilt of the electrically conductive platelets by up to 15 degrees, but preferably only by up to 10 degrees, particularly preferably only by up to 5 degrees , and very particularly preferably only by up to 1 degree, with regard to an ideal plane-parallel alignment.
- the first electrically conductive plate, the second electrically conductive plate and / or the dielectric waveguide are arranged in the electromagnetic near field of the circuit arrangement, in particular less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave from the circuit arrangement , preferably less than 50% of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave are spaced from the circuit arrangement, particularly preferably less than 10% of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave le are spaced from the circuit arrangement.
- the second electrically conductive plate is preferably arranged in the near field of the first electrically conductive plate.
- the dielectric waveguide is preferably arranged in the near field of the second electrically conductive plate.
- the first electrically conductive plate, the second electrically conductive plate, optionally further re electrically conductive plate, the electrical circuit arrangement and / or the dielectric waveguide can be arranged only a fraction of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave from each other.
- the waveguide transition has a waveguide piece, preferably a single-mode waveguide piece, which extends in the axial direction between the second electrically conductive plate and the dielectric waveguide.
- the waveguide piece can preferably be designed to transmit only the basic mode.
- the core material of the waveguide piece is made, for example, of plastic or ceramic and the jacket material is made of air, the permittivity differences in the case of cross-sectional areas of the waveguide piece, which at least approximately correspond to the cross-sectional areas of the exciting conductive plates, can lead to the formation of a single-mode waveguide piece, which cannot lead to higher fashions.
- the term “higher modes” is understood to mean all modes whose respective cut-off frequencies lie above the cut-off frequency of the mode in which the data are to be transmitted.
- the data are preferably transmitted in the basic mode, possibly in different polarizations.
- the waveguide piece can be formed separately or in one piece with the dielectric waveguide.
- the waveguide transition has a waveguide transition piece that extends between the waveguide piece and the dielectric waveguide in the axial direction (or in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide).
- the waveguide transition piece can be formed separately or in one piece with the waveguide piece.
- the waveguide transition piece forms a continuous or discretely graded transition between the waveguide piece and the dielectric waveguide, in particular a transition between different cross sections and / or different permittivities of the waveguide section and the dielectric waveguide.
- the single-mode waveguide section can be excited by the second electrically conductive plate and then through the waveguide transition piece in the Multi-mode waveguide.
- the waveguide transition piece can preferably have a continuous, for example linear or exponential transition or a transition according to a monotonous section of a cosine function between the cross-sectional geometries of the waveguide section and the dielectric waveguide, in particular their diameters.
- a linear transition, exponential transition and / or a transition according to a monotonous section of a cosine function is particularly suitable as a continuous or section-wise continuous transition between different geometries, for example different cross-sectional areas of the waveguide section and the dielectric waveguide.
- the waveguide transition has a waveguide base which has a first end for fastening in the circuit arrangement, the first end having a cross section with a first diameter which is larger than a second diameter of a cross section of a second end of the waveguide base facing the dielectric waveguide.
- the broad waveguide base can on the one hand be advantageous for fastening the dielectric waveguide on the circuit arrangement and also improve the coupling into the dielectric waveguide.
- the waveguide base can have at least one axial section in which the diameter of the waveguide base is reduced conically.
- the waveguide base can have a cylindrical section with a constant diameter adjoining the first end and a conical section following it and adjoining the second end.
- the dielectric waveguide can be provided to surround the dielectric waveguide, the waveguide piece, the waveguide transition piece and / or the wel lenleiterbasis with a material, stick on the circuit arrangement and / or mechanically attach me.
- the dielectric waveguide can be attached to the circuit arrangement, for example, by means of support structures.
- the waveguide base can itself also be formed as such a support structure.
- the dielectric waveguide, the Wel lenleiter scholar, the waveguide transition piece and / or the waveguide base is covered by a dielectric sheath material whose permittivity is greater than the permittivity of air.
- the use of a waveguide base with a wider core cross-sectional area can lead to an improved coupling into the dielectric waveguide. Due to the enlarged cross-sectional area, however, higher modes can be excited, for example when the dielectric waveguide is not ideally positioned. These higher modes are emitted at the transition between the waveguide base and the dielectric waveguide or the waveguide piece, and thus the coupling efficiency into the dielectric waveguide is reduced.
- the permittivity ratio between the respective core material and the respective cladding material is selected such that the dielectric waveguide, the waveguide section, the waveguide transition piece and / or the waveguide base can only carry a reduced number of modes , preferably in the manner of a single-mode waveguide. This can be achieved by increasing the permittivity of the respective jacket material in this area.
- a cladding material with a higher density and permittivity than air can be used, in which case the cladding can simultaneously serve as an attachment, which can improve the mechanical stability of the waveguide transition.
- the waveguide transition piece can in particular also provide a transition between different permittivities of the core material and / or the cladding material.
- a (continuous or discretely graded) transition from the permittivity of the cladding material of the waveguide piece to the permittivity of the cladding material of the dielectric waveguide can be provided, for example by means of compounding, material density modification and / or joining together of different materials.
- the density of the dielectric waveguide piece can be modified, for example, by upsetting, foaming or deviating crystallization.
- a plurality of materials can also be geometrically put together or joined, each having different permittivities and ultimately forming the dielectric waveguide, the waveguide piece and / or the waveguide transition piece as a whole.
- a discretely graded transition between the permittivities can be provided in particular.
- the diameter D of the first electrically conductive plate, the second electrically conductive plate or any further electrically conductive plate that may be present where 0 is the free space wavelength and e r is the relative permittivity of the material between the platelets and / or between the first platelet and the reference layer.
- the diameter of the conductive plates can thus be, for example, 0.1 mm to 1 mm, 1 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 10 mm or more. However, the diameter is preferably 1 mm or smaller.
- the core material of the dielectric waveguide, the waveguide piece, the waveguide transition piece and / or the waveguide base may have a relative permittivity of 1.8 to 10.0, preferably 2.0 to 3.5, for example, as a whole or at least in a section relevant to the invention .
- the cladding material of the dielectric waveguide, the waveguide piece, the waveguide transition piece and / or the waveguide base may have a relative permittivity of 1.0 to 3.0, preferably 1.0 to 2.0, for example, as a whole or at least in a section relevant to the invention .
- the dielectric waveguide, the waveguide piece, the waveguide transition piece and / or the waveguide base can be formed, for example, essentially from polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the dielectric waveguide, the waveguide piece, the waveguide transition piece and / or the waveguide base can also be formed essentially from polystyrene, which can be advantageous in particular due to its good processing properties.
- the dielectric waveguide, the wave guide piece, the wave guide transition piece and / or the wave guide base has a recess in order to accommodate at least one of the electrically conductive plates, in particular the second electrically conductive plate.
- the electrically conductive plate (s) is or are attached to the recess or recess in a cohesive, non-positive and / or positive manner.
- the depth of the recess can in particular define the distance or the axial distance of the electromagnetic coupled plates and thus determine the electrical behavior of the waveguide transition.
- the recess can be provided to leave the recess air-filled, which further minimizes electrical losses and increases the frequency bandwidth.
- it can also be provided to fill the recess with a solid after inserting the second electrically conductive plate (or another electrically conductive plate), for example to foam it, in particular if the solid has a permittivity comparable to air.
- the invention also relates to a waveguide transition for a waveguide arrangement described above and below for transmitting an electromagnetic wave between a circuit arrangement and a dielectric waveguide.
- the waveguide transition has at least a first electrically conductive plate and a second electrically conductive plate, which in the direction of Longitudinal axis of the dielectric waveguide are arranged offset from one another between the circuit arrangement and the dielectric waveguide and are designed to transmit the electromagnetic wave.
- the at least two plates coupled together can produce two resonance frequencies, the position of which can be selected in such a way that the highest possible frequency bandwidth is achieved with a high coupling efficiency and sufficiently good adaptation.
- a stack of more than two electrically conductive plates can also be provided.
- the waveguide transition relates in particular to a transition from planar microwave circuits and millimeter-wave circuits to dielectric waveguides arranged perpendicular thereto.
- the circuit arrangement can be a printed circuit.
- the waveguide arrangement can in particular be arranged on a microchip, wherein the dielectric waveguide can be guided through the chip housing.
- the invention further relates to the use of a waveguide arrangement according to the above and following explanations for data transmission by means of electromagnetic waves.
- the waveguide arrangement according to the invention can advantageously be provided for the formation of board-to-board connections or chip-to-chip connections and thereby in particular replace optical systems.
- a waveguide arrangement according to the invention is not only advantageous for data transmission, but can also be used in other areas, such as (high frequency) measurement technology.
- the invention is therefore not to be understood as a special and exclusive solution for dielectric waveguides for data transmission.
- FIG. 1 shows a waveguide arrangement according to the invention according to a first embodiment, below
- FIG. 2 shows a waveguide arrangement according to the invention in accordance with a second embodiment, using a coplanar waveguide of the circuit arrangement for exciting the first electrically conductive plate;
- FIG. 3 shows a waveguide arrangement according to the invention according to a third embodiment with dual-polar waveguide transmission and a second electrically conductive plate embedded in the dielectric waveguide;
- FIG. 4 shows a waveguide arrangement according to the invention in accordance with a fourth embodiment with a waveguide piece and a waveguide transition piece;
- FIG. 5 shows a waveguide arrangement according to the invention in accordance with a fifth embodiment with a waveguide base
- FIG. 6 shows a waveguide arrangement according to the invention in accordance with a sixth embodiment with dual-polar transmission, a coplanar waveguide of the circuit arrangement for excitation of the first electrically conductive plate, a waveguide piece, a waveguide transition piece and a waveguide base.
- FIG. 1 shows an inventive waveguide arrangement 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the waveguide arrangement 1 comprises an electrical circuit arrangement 2, a dielectric waveguide 3 and an intermediate waveguide transition 4 for transmitting an electromagnetic wave 5 between the circuit arrangement 2 and the dielectric waveguide 3.
- the circuit arrangement 2 can be, for example, an electrical circuit board or an integrated circuit. It can also be a system-in-package, a multi-chip module and / or a package-on-package.
- the waveguide arrangement 1 according to the invention can preferably be used for use with a printed circuit board or for a chip-to-chip communication connection.
- the circuit arrangement 2 is essentially described as a printed circuit board for simplification, but this is not to be understood as restrictive.
- the dielectric waveguide 3 shown as an example has a core material 3.1 with a permittivity that is greater than the permittivity of the cladding material 3.2 (cf. dashed line in FIG. 1) that runs around the core material 3.1.
- the jacket material 3.2 can also be air, for example.
- the jacket material 3.2 can, however, also be a material that has a higher permittivity than air. In this way, the cross-sectional diameter of the core material 3.1 of the dielectric waveguide 3 can be increased without undesired modes in the dielectric waveguide 3 being able to propagate.
- the cladding material 3.2 of the dielectric waveguide 3 is not further presented for simplification.
- the longitudinal axis A of the dielectric waveguide 3 is preferably oriented orthogonally to a surface 6 of the circuit arrangement 2 facing the dielectric waveguide 3.
- tolerance-related deviations for example a tilt of up to 15 degrees, can also be provided.
- the waveguide transition 4 has at least a first electrically conductive plate 7 and a second electrically conductive plate 8, which are arranged in different axial planes between the circuit arrangement 2 and the dielectric waveguide 3 or in the direction of the longitudinal axis A of the dielectric waveguide 3 (ie in Axial direction) are offset.
- other electrically conductive plates can also be provided, but these are not shown in the exemplary embodiments for simplification.
- An embodiment shown in the exemplary embodiments is preferably provided, according to which the first electrically conductive plate 7 and the circuit arrangement 2 are formed and arranged with respect to one another in such a way that the first electrically conductive plate 7 is electromagnetically excited directly by the circuit arrangement 2 in order to generate the electromagnetic wave 5 transferred to.
- the circuit arrangement 2 for exciting the first electrically conductive plate 7 can have at least one electrical line 9, as shown, for example, in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1.
- the first electrically conductive plate 7 shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 is rectangular, preferably square.
- the first electrically conductive plate 7 is conductively connected to an electrical line 9 designed as a micro strip line, which is located together with the first electrically conductive plate 7 in the top level or layer of the circuit arrangement 2 designed as a printed circuit board.
- an electrically conductive base 10 is provided as a reference conductor, which is separated from the structures of the uppermost layer of the circuit board by a non-conductive, high-frequency dielectric substrate 1 1.
- the microstrip line or the electrical line 9 is conductively connected to the first plate 7.
- An electromagnetic field coupling by, for example, an electrical line or strip line located in a lower plane of the printed circuit board or the circuit arrangement 2 can also be provided.
- the base area 10 serving as an electrical (ground) reference does not necessarily have to be arranged on the underside of the circuit arrangement 2 or the printed circuit board, but can also be arranged, for example, in a middle plane or layer.
- the base area 10 or another electrical reference can also be arranged at a distance from the circuit board or from the circuit arrangement 2, for example can be designed as a housing component, air or preferably a solid material can be provided between the circuit arrangement and the housing component.
- the first electrically conductive plate 7, the second electrically conductive plate 8 and / or the electrical waveguide 3 can be arranged in the electromagnetic near field of the circuit arrangement 2, in particular less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave 5 from the circuit arrangement 2 (and / or from one another), preferably less than 50% of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave 5 from the circuit arrangement 2 (and / or from one another), particularly preferably less than 10% wavelength of the electromagnetic wave 5 from the circuit arrangement 2 (and / or from one another ) be spaced.
- the dielectric waveguide 3 can be located directly on the surface of the second electrically conductive plate 8 facing it or at a short distance above it, so that the end of the dielectric waveguide 3 facing the second electrically conductive plate 8 is in the near field of the second electrically conductive plate 8 is located.
- the first electrically conductive plate 7 can be spaced directly on the circuit arrangement 2 or at a short distance.
- the electrically conductive plates 7, 8 used can also be positioned within their near field, for example axially spaced apart by at least one dielectric (not shown).
- the coupling efficiency as well as the type of the excited modes within the dielectric waveguide 3 can depend on the positioning, orientation and / or cross-sectional area of the core material 3.1 of the dielectric waveguide 3, as well as on the permittivities of the core material 3.1 and the cladding material 3.2 as well as on the resonance depend on the electrically conductive plates 7, 8.
- the second electrically conductive plate 8 is arranged axially above the directly fed, first electrically conductive plate 7. Both plates are able to electromagnetically verkop peln with each other, the distance between the two plates 7, 8 and their geometry can be decisive for the frequency bandwidth and the actual frequency position.
- the second electrically conductive plate 8 is round, which can be particularly advantageous in order to position the likewise round dielectric waveguide 3 in a rotationally invariant manner on the second electrically conductive plate 8 or on the second electrically conductive plate 8, which facilitates assembly can simplify.
- FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the waveguide arrangement 1 according to the invention, in which the second electrically conductive plate 8 is fastened on an end face of the dielectric waveguide 3 facing the circuit arrangement 2 and is arranged in the near field of the first electrically conductive plate 7.
- the electrically conductive plate 7 of FIG. 2 is fed by a coplanar waveguide of the circuit arrangement 2.
- the coplanar waveguide is designed in the manner of a GCPW ("Grounded Coplanar Waveguide").
- the circuit arrangement 2 has a reference layer 12 in the top layer and optionally an electrically conductive base area 10 in the bottom layer.
- the reference layer 12 and the base area 10 are connected to one another by conductive plated-through holes (“VIAs”) 13.
- VIPs conductive plated-through holes
- the first electrically conductive plate 7 is isolated from the reference layer 12 by a slot 14. In this way, the edges of the first electrically conductive plate 7 continue to form open ends with respect to the reference layer 12 and the base area 10 and thus form a resonator.
- the electrical line 9 it is not absolutely necessary for the electrical line 9 to be arranged in an electrically conductive manner with the first plate 7 and / or with the first plate 7 in the same plane or layer.
- the reference layer 12 can be reduced and the number of vias 13 can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 shows a further waveguide arrangement 1 according to a third embodiment, which combines two further aspects of the invention with one another by way of example.
- the dielectric waveguide 3 shown in FIG. 3 has a cutout 15 in which the second electrically conductive plate 8 is received.
- the recess is preferably filled with air, but can also be completely or partially filled with a foam or other material. However, the losses of the waveguide arrangement 1 can generally be further minimized and the frequency bandwidth maximized if the cutout 15 remains air-filled.
- the recess 15 can (as shown) run conically or alternatively also cylindrical.
- One possibility for attaching a conductive surface to form, for example, the second electrically conductive plate 8 on an inner surface of the recess 15 can be, for example, laser direct structuring (LDS).
- LDS laser direct structuring
- the circuit arrangement 2 is also designed to excite the first electrically conductive plate 7 in such a way that a dual-polar transmission with orthogonal polarization is formed.
- the second electrically conductive plate 8 exciting, first electrically conductive plate 7 of the circuit arrangement 2 is in this case by the (first) microstrip line or electrical line 9 and also by an orthogonal to the first electrical line 9 positio ned, second microstrip line or second electrical Line 16 fed. Accordingly, two different resonance modes can be excited in the first plate 7, which are polarized orthogonally to one another.
- the dielectric waveguide 3 which is preferably positioned in the center and is as perpendicular as possible, with two mutually orthogonal and thus independent polarizations of the basic mode, which are then guided independently of one another via the dielectric waveguide 3.
- the feed lines or the electrical lines 9, 16 are electrically conductively connected to the first electrically conductive plate 7.
- the electrical lines 9, 16 can for example also be arranged in a lower level of the printed circuit board or circuit arrangement 2 and feed the first electrical plate 7 by means of electromagnetic field coupling.
- the first electrically conductive plate 7 does not necessarily have to be rectangular or square, but can also be round or elliptical. In the case of a dual polar excitation, however, the first electrically conductive plate 7 is preferably square or circular.
- microstrip lines or the electrical lines 9, 16 can run centrally to the first electrically conductive plate 7, as shown.
- the feed lines 9, 16 can also each have a lateral offset.
- a lateral offset of at least one of the electrical lines 9, 16 can, for example, improve the isolation from the different modes in the dielectric waveguide 3 or the isolation from the modes of both electrical lines 9, 16.
- the waveguide transition 4 has a waveguide section 17, preferably a single-mode waveguide section, which extends between the first electrically conductive plate 7 and the dielectric waveguide 3 in the axial direction along the elongated longitudinal axis A of the dielectric waveguide 3.
- the second electrically conductive plate 8 is preferably embedded in the waveguide piece 17; here, for example, a recess 15 can be provided, as already described in FIG. 3 with regard to the dielectric waveguide 3.
- the second electrically conductive plate 8 does not necessarily have to be embedded in the shaft guide piece 17, but can also be placed only on an end face of the wave guide piece 17 or spaced further from the wave guide piece in the axial direction.
- the waveguide transition 4 has a waveguide transition piece 18 which extends between the waveguide piece 17 and the dielectric waveguide 3 in the axial direction along the longitudinal axis A of the dielectric waveguide 3.
- the waveguide transition piece 18 forms a continuous transition between the waveguide piece 17 and the dielectric waveguide 3 in order to adapt the different cross sections to one another.
- it can in principle be advantageous to adapt the dimensions of the dielectric waveguide 3 to the dimensions of the exciting plate, ie in particular the size or the diameter of the second electrically conductive plate 8 and to choose the diameter of the dielectric waveguide 3 as similar as possible.
- the waveguide transition piece 18 can serve for alignment.
- a waveguide section 17 designed as a single-mode waveguide section can be placed together with the second electrically conductive plate 8 above the first electrically conductive plate 7 attached and then transferred through the waveguide transition piece 18 into a dielectric waveguide 3 designed as a multi-mode waveguide.
- the waveguide transition piece 18 does not necessarily have to continuously (e.g. cosily, linearly or exponentially) convert the geometry of the waveguide piece 17 and the dielectric waveguide 3 into one another, as shown in FIG. 4, but can also have a discretely graded transition with one train any number of levels.
- the waveguide transition piece 18 forms a continuous or discretely graded transition between different permittivities of the waveguide piece 17 and the dielectric waveguide 3, in particular with regard to their core materials and / or cladding materials.
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the waveguide transition 4 has a waveguide base 19 which has a first end 19.1 for attachment to the circuit arrangement 2, the first end 19.1 having a cross section with a first diameter which is larger is as a second diameter of a cross section of a second end 19.2 of the waveguide base 19 which faces the dielectric waveguide 3.
- the waveguide base 19 can have an annular cross section (in particular a round annular cross section) or a cross section with a plurality of ring segments 20, as shown in FIG. 5.
- the widespread base can serve for improved fastening of the dielectric waveguide 3 on the circuit arrangement 2 and can be designed in the manner of supports.
- the second electrically conductive plate 8 can be accommodated within the waveguide base 19.
- the waveguide base 19 is preferably hollow or has a recess 15, as shown in FIG. 6. Basically, a widening of the cross-sectional area of the dielectric waveguide 3 by the waveguide base 19 in the waveguide transition 4 can allow an improved coupling into the dielectric waveguide 3 if the dimensions are correct. In addition, a spread of the cross-sectional area through the waveguide base 19 can also be used for the defined positioning of the dielectric waveguide 3.
- the waveguide transition 4 has a waveguide base 19 with the second electrically conductive plate 8 accommodated therein.
- the waveguide piece 17 and the waveguide transition piece 18 are arranged between the waveguide base 19 and the dielectric waveguide 3.
- the dielectric waveguide 3, the waveguide section 17, the waveguide transition piece 18 and / or the waveguide base 19 can also be formed in one piece. In the exemplary embodiment, however, these are formed in several parts.
- the first electrically conductive plate 7 is excited by two identical coplanar waveguides, as described in the context of FIG. 2, which makes dual-polar use possible and a few parasitic radiation can be reduced compared to excitation by simple microstrip lines or electrical lines 9, 16.
- the first electrically conductive plate 7 in the fi gures 5 and 6 is round. As a result, the assembly of the waveguide arrangement 1 can be simplified or incorrect alignments avoided.
- the transmission into the dielectric waveguide 3 can improve.
- the waveguide base 19 in the direction of the waveguide piece 17 tapering reduction in diameter can further improve the transmission and avoid the guidance of undesired modes of the dielectric waveguide 3, which are instead emitted at the ko African reduction.
- the continuous broadening of the cross-sectional area of the core material through the waveguide transition piece 18 can enable the excitation of a multi-mode waveguide 3 while avoiding the excitation of higher modes.
- the waveguide transition 4 and / or the dielectric waveguide 3 can be glued to the circuit arrangement 2, mechanically fastened and / or foamed.
- Foaming can preferably be carried out using a material which has a permittivity which corresponds approximately to the permittivity of the air.
- white polystyrene foam known under the brand "Styrodur” from the BASF Group or "ROFIACELL” from Evonik.
- a comparable material can of course also be suitable.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019101276.7A DE102019101276A1 (de) | 2019-01-18 | 2019-01-18 | Wellenleiteranordnung, Wellenleiterübergang und Verwendung einer Wellenleiteranordnung |
PCT/EP2020/050994 WO2020148369A1 (de) | 2019-01-18 | 2020-01-16 | Wellenleiteranordnung, wellenleiterübergang und verwendung einer wellenleiteranordnung |
Publications (1)
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EP3912223A1 true EP3912223A1 (de) | 2021-11-24 |
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ID=69174494
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EP20701020.8A Pending EP3912223A1 (de) | 2019-01-18 | 2020-01-16 | Wellenleiteranordnung, wellenleiterübergang und verwendung einer wellenleiteranordnung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20220085478A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3912223A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN113454840A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019101276A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020148369A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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EP4047742B1 (de) * | 2021-02-19 | 2024-07-03 | VEGA Grieshaber KG | Radarmodul |
US20220407205A1 (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-22 | Intel Corporation | Contactless communication using a waveguide extending through a substrate core |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4568235B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-08 | 2010-10-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 伝送路変換器 |
JP4345850B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2009-10-14 | ソニー株式会社 | 通信システム及び通信装置 |
JP5123154B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-12 | 2013-01-16 | 東光株式会社 | 誘電体導波管‐マイクロストリップ変換構造 |
US8912860B2 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2014-12-16 | Siklu Communication ltd. | Millimeter-wave bare IC mounted within a laminated PCB and usable in a waveguide transition |
US20130265734A1 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Interchip communication using embedded dielectric and metal waveguides |
US9306263B2 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2016-04-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Interface between an integrated circuit and a dielectric waveguide using a dipole antenna and a reflector |
WO2015120614A1 (zh) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-20 | 华为技术有限公司 | 平面传输线波导转接器 |
FR3022696A1 (fr) * | 2014-06-24 | 2015-12-25 | St Microelectronics Sa | Connecteur pour guide d'ondes plastique |
US10128557B2 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2018-11-13 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Chip-to-chip interface comprising a microstrip circuit to waveguide transition having an emitting patch |
WO2017123558A1 (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2017-07-20 | Mimosa Networks, Inc. | Printed circuit board mounted antenna and waveguide interface |
EP3220476B1 (de) * | 2016-03-16 | 2019-12-04 | TE Connectivity Germany GmbH | Verlustarmer dielektrischer wellenleiter zur übertragung von millimeterwellensignalen und kabel damit |
DE102017109861A1 (de) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-11-23 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen für Geschwindigkeits- und/oder Positionserfassung |
-
2019
- 2019-01-18 DE DE102019101276.7A patent/DE102019101276A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-01-16 EP EP20701020.8A patent/EP3912223A1/de active Pending
- 2020-01-16 WO PCT/EP2020/050994 patent/WO2020148369A1/de unknown
- 2020-01-16 CN CN202080009641.7A patent/CN113454840A/zh active Pending
- 2020-01-16 US US17/423,085 patent/US20220085478A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20220085478A1 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
WO2020148369A1 (de) | 2020-07-23 |
CN113454840A (zh) | 2021-09-28 |
DE102019101276A1 (de) | 2020-07-23 |
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