WO2015120614A1 - 平面传输线波导转接器 - Google Patents

平面传输线波导转接器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015120614A1
WO2015120614A1 PCT/CN2014/072096 CN2014072096W WO2015120614A1 WO 2015120614 A1 WO2015120614 A1 WO 2015120614A1 CN 2014072096 W CN2014072096 W CN 2014072096W WO 2015120614 A1 WO2015120614 A1 WO 2015120614A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waveguide
dielectric
transmission line
planar transmission
size
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Application number
PCT/CN2014/072096
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨博
蔡华
黄国龙
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2014/072096 priority Critical patent/WO2015120614A1/zh
Priority to CN201480046776.5A priority patent/CN105493343B/zh
Publication of WO2015120614A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015120614A1/zh
Priority to US15/235,399 priority patent/US9819067B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/107Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technology, and more particularly to a planar transmission line waveguide adapter.
  • a planar transmission line waveguide adapter such as a strip line waveguide adapter or a microstrip waveguide adapter is an adapter device for realizing a plane transmission line (a microstrip line and a strip line belong to a plane transmission line) and a three-dimensional structure circuit waveguide.
  • the three-dimensional structure circuit waveguide is generally a standard waveguide, and the waveguide cavity is not filled with a medium.
  • the bandwidth supported by the standard waveguide is generally wide, and the bandwidth supported by the planar transmission line waveguide adapter is generally narrow. Therefore, after the planar transmission line waveguide adapter is used with the standard waveguide, the planar transmission line waveguide adapter becomes a widened bandwidth. bottleneck.
  • a planar transmission line waveguide converter includes a planar transmission line structure and a gradual waveguide structure
  • the planar transmission line structure includes at least a planar transmission line, a dielectric substrate, and a metal ground having a coupling slit, wherein the planar transmission line is located on a first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal having the coupling slit is located on the dielectric substrate Two surfaces;
  • the gradual waveguide structure includes m gradual change dielectric waveguides, and the m is a positive integer not less than 2;
  • Adjacent dielectric waveguides are connected by metal ground, and a radiation patch is disposed between adjacent dielectric waveguides; a first dielectric waveguide of the m size-graded dielectric waveguides is coupled to a coupling gap in the planar transmission line structure; a surface of the m-th dielectric waveguide in contact with the standard waveguide is provided with a metal ground and a radiation patch .
  • the size of the i-th dielectric waveguide is larger than the size of the i-1th dielectric waveguide.
  • the waveguide dielectrics of the m gradually tapered dielectric waveguides are filled with the same dielectric material.
  • the waveguide walls of the m gradually sized dielectric waveguides are filled with different dielectric materials, and the ith dielectric waveguide
  • the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity is smaller than the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the i-1th dielectric waveguide.
  • any of the dielectric waveguides is of a size that does not have a higher order mode.
  • the size of the j-th dielectric waveguide employed by the no-high-order mode is different from the size of the standard waveguide The ratio is 1: Vi 7 , which is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the jth dielectric waveguide, 1 ⁇ j ⁇ m.
  • the size of the mth dielectric waveguide is less than or equal to a size of the standard waveguide.
  • the dielectric waveguide is surrounded by one or more than one metal via on the dielectric substrate .
  • the metal vias in the adjacent layer are staggered.
  • the geometric center of any of the dielectric waveguides coincides with the geometric center of any of the radiation patches.
  • the planar transmission line waveguide adapter is formed in one time using a three-dimensional multi-chip component process.
  • planar transmission line waveguide converter in the embodiment of the present invention includes m gradual change dielectric waveguides, and the gradually gradual dielectric waveguide can widen the bandwidth of the planar transmission line waveguide converter, thereby reducing the bandwidth of the planar transmission line waveguide adapter. Broaden the restrictions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view of each layer of a microstrip waveguide adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the microstrip waveguide adapter of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a planar transmission line structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of a microstrip waveguide adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave transceiver module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a strip line waveguide adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of a double-sided metal-coated PCB board according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a reverse side structure of a double-sided metal-coated PCB board according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is still another schematic structural diagram of a microstrip waveguide adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the dimensions of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a simulation curve provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the stripline waveguide adapter is similar to the microstrip waveguide adapter.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be mainly described by taking the microstrip waveguide adapter as an example.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show a structure of a microstrip waveguide adapter which may include a planar transmission line structure and a tapered waveguide structure.
  • Figure 1 shows the various layers of the microstrip waveguide adapter.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the microstrip waveguide adapter of Figure 1.
  • the towel includes at least a planar transmission line 101, a dielectric substrate 102, and a metal ground 104 having a coupling slit 103.
  • the planar transmission line 101 is specifically an open strip line.
  • the planar transmission line 101 is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 102, and the metal ground 104 having the coupling slit 103 is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 102.
  • the top view structure of the planar transmission line structure (magnified) can be seen in Figure 3.
  • any of the dielectric waveguides is surrounded by metal vias 105 on the dielectric substrate 111.
  • the size of the m dielectric waveguides can be gradually gradual, or non-equal gradual gradients.
  • the first dielectric waveguide (reference numeral 106) of the m gradual dielectric waveguides is coupled to the coupling gap 103 on the metal ground 104 in the planar transmission line structure. Adjacent dielectric waveguides are connected by a metal ground 107, and a radiation patch 108 is disposed between adjacent dielectric waveguides. Referring to FIG. 2, metal vias 105 of different dielectric waveguides are connected through a metal ground 107 between the dielectric waveguides. .
  • a metal ground 107 and a radiation patch 108 are also disposed on the surface of the mth dielectric waveguide (reference numeral 109) in contact with the standard waveguide 110.
  • a metal ground 107 and a radiation patch 10 are disposed between the mth dielectric waveguide and the standard waveguide 110.
  • the number of dielectric waveguides is not limited to two, as shown in FIG. 4, it may also be three.
  • those skilled in the art can flexibly design the number of dielectric waveguides as needed, and no further details are provided herein.
  • planar transmission line waveguide converter in the embodiment of the present invention includes m gradual change dielectric waveguides, and the gradually gradual dielectric waveguide can widen the bandwidth of the planar transmission line waveguide converter, thereby reducing the bandwidth of the planar transmission line waveguide adapter. Broaden the restrictions.
  • the working principle of the above microstrip waveguide adapter can be summarized as follows:
  • the high frequency signal is fed into the planar transmission line 101 (microstrip line) to form a specific electromagnetic field mode of the microstrip line, wherein the magnetic field component passes through the metal ground 104 perpendicular to the planar transmission line 101.
  • the coupling slot 103 is coupled to the underlying dielectric waveguide cavity (the region surrounded by the metal via 105), which in turn excites the corresponding TE mode (the TE refers to the electrical vector perpendicular to the direction of propagation), and the coupled electromagnetic field is further coupled to the radiation patch.
  • Fig. 5 shows an application scenario of the above microstrip waveguide adapter, which can be applied in a millimeter wave transceiver module.
  • reference numeral 501 is a module cover
  • reference numeral 502 is a millimeter wave chip
  • reference numeral 503 is a millimeter wave module pin.
  • the microstrip line has a very similar electromagnetic field structure to the strip line, and Fig. 6 shows a structure of a strip line waveguide adapter.
  • the area where the dotted circle is in Fig. 6 is a strip line (a planar transmission line structure including a strip line), and the other is a tapered waveguide structure.
  • the stripline waveguide adapter can reduce the radiation loss caused by the microstrip line and achieve better performance than the microstrip waveguide adapter.
  • the geometric center of any of the dielectric waveguides in all of the above embodiments is The geometric centers of any of the radiation patches coincide.
  • the planar transmission line waveguide adapter of all of the above embodiments may be formed in one time using a three-dimensional multi-chip assembly process.
  • the three-dimensional multi-chip component process may include a multilayer printed circuit board, a multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic, a multi-layer LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer), and the like.
  • an open microstrip line (or strip line) can be etched on one side of a double-sided metal-coated PCB board, and a coupling gap can be etched on the other side to obtain a plane.
  • Transmission line structure As for the dielectric waveguide, a multilayer circuit board process is still taken as an example, a metal via 105 may be disposed on a double-sided metal-coated PCB, and a rectangular ring is etched on one side to obtain a dielectric waveguide and a metal ground 107 and Radiation patch 108.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show the front and back structures of a double-sided metal-coated PCB (with the opposite side facing the standard waveguide).
  • the metal via 105 may be selected to be a multi-layered structure (as shown in FIG. 9), or the dielectric waveguide may be a multilayer metal via on the dielectric substrate. 105 encirclement. More specifically, the metal vias 105 of adjacent layers may also be staggered. In addition, metal vias and metal vias can be placed as close as possible, and the lower limit of the distance between metal vias can be the minimum distance of the selected process. It should be noted that the conventional microstrip waveguide adapter realizes the adapter between the microstrip and the waveguide through a microstrip probe and a short-circuit back cavity of the waveguide.
  • the waveguide short-circuit back cavity needs to be formed with a structural member, which results in a high profile of the microstrip waveguide adapter, resulting in structural complexity and increased production cost.
  • the inventors have discovered a microstrip waveguide adapter without a shorted back cavity during the development of the present invention.
  • a microstrip waveguide adapter without a shorted back cavity couples high frequency signals from the microstrip line into the standard waveguide through the coupling gap, and introduces a radiation patch for impedance matching. Since this structure eliminates the use of the short circuit back cavity, This reduces the profile of the microstrip waveguide adapter.
  • microstrip waveguide adapters still require complex manual assembly to complete, and therefore require a strong process guarantee, which is a significant limitation for high frequency applications, especially millimeter wave applications.
  • the inventors have found an adapter structure that is designed in one time using a multi-layer PCB, LTCC, LCP, etc. in the process of developing the present invention.
  • the adapter structure is surrounded by a metal via to form a dielectric waveguide of comparable size to an external standard metal waveguide.
  • a waveguide of a standard waveguide is not filled with a medium, or a medium filled in a waveguide of a standard waveguide is air.
  • the waveguide cavity of the dielectric waveguide is filled with a dielectric material that can achieve low loss of microwaves.
  • the relative dielectric constant of the medium used in the waveguide cavity of the standard waveguide is 1, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the dielectric waveguide may be 7.1. It can also be said that the dielectric waveguide cavity exists in a medium having a higher dielectric constant.
  • the inventors have continued to find that, due to the high dielectric constant, when the interface with the standard metal waveguide in the working mode of the main mode, the dielectric waveguide is in a state of working in multiple modes, so even if the adapter is There is a small alignment deviation of the docked standard metal waveguide, and more resonance is formed in the passband of the adapter, and there is a large instability.
  • the first dielectric waveguide of the planar transmission line waveguide adapter in all of the above embodiments adopts a size in which no higher order modes exist.
  • the ratio between the size of the above-mentioned non-high-order mode and the size of the standard waveguide (inner wall) is l/, which is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the first dielectric waveguide.
  • the first dielectric waveguide is labeled 1 and the second dielectric waveguide is labeled 2, and the third dielectric waveguide is
  • the dielectric waveguide 1 is formed by disposing a metal via hole on the dielectric substrate 4
  • the dielectric waveguide 2 is formed by disposing a metal via hole on the dielectric substrate 5
  • the dielectric waveguide 3 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 6
  • Metal vias are formed.
  • the dielectric material used in the dielectric substrate 4 has a relative dielectric constant of 1 (ie, a dielectric wave)
  • the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the lead 1 is
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric material used in the dielectric substrate 5 is 2 (that is, the relative dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the dielectric waveguide 2)
  • the electrical constant is 2
  • the dielectric material used in the dielectric substrate 6 has a relative dielectric constant of 3 (that is, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the dielectric waveguide 3 is 3 ).
  • the ratio between the size of the dielectric waveguide 1 and the size of the standard waveguide (inner wall) is approximately
  • the ratio of the length L1 of the dielectric waveguide 1 to the length L of the inner wall of the standard waveguide is approximately The ratio of the width W1 of the dielectric waveguide 1 to the width W of the inner wall of the standard waveguide is approximately l : A f .
  • the dimensions of the m dielectric waveguides in all of the above embodiments may be uniformly graded: the size of the i-th dielectric waveguide is larger than the size of the i-1th dielectric waveguide. And, a ratio between a size of the i-th dielectric waveguide and a size of the i-1th dielectric waveguide is equal to a ratio between a size of the i+1th dielectric waveguide and a size of the i-th dielectric waveguide,
  • the size of the i-th dielectric waveguide and the size of the i-1th dielectric waveguide is equal to a
  • the size of the i+1th dielectric waveguide and the size of the i-th dielectric waveguide is also equal to a.
  • the size of the m dielectric waveguides in all the above embodiments may also be non-uniformly graded. In this case, it is still necessary to ensure that the size of the i-th dielectric waveguide is larger than the i-1th medium. The size of the waveguide.
  • the relative dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the i-th dielectric waveguide is The electrical constant is smaller than the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the waveguide cavity of the i-1th dielectric waveguide.
  • the sizes of the m dielectric waveguides in all the above embodiments may be uniformly graded, that is, the size of the i-th dielectric waveguide is larger than the i-1th medium.
  • the size of the waveguide, and the ratio between the size of the i-th dielectric waveguide and the size of the i-1th dielectric waveguide is equal to the ratio between the size of the i+1th dielectric waveguide and the size of the i-th dielectric waveguide , 2 ⁇ i ⁇ m _ i.
  • all of the m dielectric waveguides in all of the above embodiments are of a size in which no higher order modes exist. Approximate, the ratio between the size of the jth dielectric waveguide and the size of the standard waveguide (inner wall) is 1: (i ⁇ j ⁇ m). Still taking the microstrip waveguide adapter including three dielectric waveguides as shown in FIG.
  • the ratio between the size of the dielectric waveguide 1 and the size of the standard waveguide (inner wall) is approximately 1: 7 ⁇
  • the dielectric waveguide 2 The ratio between the size and the size of the standard waveguide (inner wall) is approximately
  • the ratio between the size of the dielectric waveguide 3 and the size of the standard waveguide (inner wall) is approximately i : A f . Since > ⁇ 2 > ⁇ 3 , the size of the dielectric waveguide 1 to the dielectric waveguide 3 is gradually increased.
  • the size of the mth dielectric waveguide may be less than or equal to the size of the standard waveguide, whether or not the same dielectric material is employed.
  • a microstrip waveguide adapter including two dielectric waveguides is designed, and the adapter operates in a frequency range of 57 GHz to 66 GHz, and has a planar transmission line structure and a tapered waveguide structure.
  • the dielectric substrate is made of the same dielectric material (Dupont 9K7 material) with a dielectric constant of 7.1 and a dielectric substrate thickness of 0.11 mm.
  • Figure 12 shows the simulation curve when the adapter and the standard waveguide have a 0.15mm offset tolerance.
  • the planar transmission line waveguide converter provided by the embodiment of the present invention is an ultra-wideband microstrip waveguide adapter with low process requirements and a low profile structure.
  • the terms “comprising,””comprising,” or “include” or “includes” are intended to include a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or device that comprises a plurality of elements includes not only those elements but also Other elements, or elements that are inherent to such a process, method, item, or device.
  • the elements defined by the phrase “comprising a " do not exclude the presence of additional the same elements in the process, method, article, or device.

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Abstract

平面传输线波导转换器,以减少对带宽拓宽的限制。其包括平面传输线结构和渐变波导结构。其中:平面传输线结构至少包括平面传输线、介质基板,以及具有耦合缝隙的金属地;渐变波导结构包括m个尺寸渐变的介质波导,任一介质波导由介质基板上的金属过孔围成,m为不小于2的正整数;m个尺寸渐变的介质波导中的第1个介质波导与平面传输线结构中的耦合缝隙相耦合;相邻介质波导之间通过金属地连接,并且,相邻介质波导之间设置有辐射贴片;第m个介质波导和标准波导相接触的表面上设置有金属地以及辐射贴片。可见,尺寸渐变的介质波导可拓宽平面传输线波导转换器的带宽,从而可减少平面传输线波导转接器对带宽拓宽的限制。

Description

平面传输线波导转接器
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域, 更具体地说, 涉及平面传输线波导转接器。
背景技术
带状线波导转接器、 微带波导转接器等平面传输线波导转接器, 是实现 平面传输线 (微带线、 带状线都属于平面传输线) 与立体结构电路波导之间 的转接装置。 立体结构电路波导一般为标准波导, 波导腔内不填充介质。 标准波导所支持的带宽一般比较广, 而平面传输线波导转接器所支持带 宽一般比较窄, 因此, 将平面传输线波导转接器与标准波导配合使用后, 平 面传输线波导转接器成为拓宽带宽的瓶颈。
发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明实施例的目的在于提供平面传输线波导转接器, 以减 少对带宽拓宽的限制。
为实现目的, 本发明实施例提供如下技术方案: 根据本发明实施例的第一方面, 提供一种平面传输线波导转换器, 包括 平面传输线结构和渐变波导结构; 其中:
所述平面传输线结构至少包括平面传输线、 介质基板, 以及具有耦合缝 隙的金属地, 所述平面传输线位于所述介质基板的第一表面, 所述具有耦合 缝隙的金属地位于所述介质基板的第二表面;
所述渐变波导结构包括 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导, 所述 m为不小于 2的 正整数;
相邻介质波导之间通过金属地连接, 并且, 相邻介质波导之间设置有辐 射贴片; 所述 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导中的第 1个介质波导与所述平面传输线结 构中的耦合缝隙相耦合; 第 m个介质波导与标准波导相接触的表面上设置有 金属地以及辐射贴片。 结合第一方面, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 第 i个介质波导的尺寸大于 第 i-1个介质波导的尺寸。 结合第一方面或第一种可能的实现方式, 在第二种可能的实现方式中, 所述 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导的波导腔内填充相同的介质材料。 结合第一方面或第一种可能的实现方式, 在第三种可能的实现方式中, 所述 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导的波导腔内填充不同的介质材料, 并且, 第 i 个介质波导的波导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电常数小于, 第 i-1个介质波 导的波导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电常数。 结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式, 或第一方面的第二种可能的实 现方式, 或第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现方式中, 所述第 1个介质波导采用无高次模存在的尺寸。 结合第一方面第三种可能的实现方式, 在第五种可能的实现方式中, 任 一介质波导均采用无高次模存在的尺寸。 结合第一方面第四种或第五种可能的实现方式, 在第六种可能的实现方 式中,第 j个介质波导采用的无高次模存在的尺寸与所述标准波导的尺寸之间 的比值为 1: Vi7 ,所述 为所述第 j个介质波导的波导腔内所填充介质材料的 相对介电常数, 1≤ j < m。 结合第一方面至第六种可能的实现方式中的任一项, 在第七种可能的实 现方式中, 所述第 m个介质波导的尺寸小于或等于所述标准波导的尺寸。 结合第一方面第七种可能的实现方式, 在第八种可能的实现方式中, 所
结合第一方面至第八种可能的实现方式中的任一项, 在第九种可能的实 现方式中, 所述介质波导由介质基板上的一层或多于一层的金属过孔围成。 结合第一方面第九种可能的实现方式, 在第十种可能的实现方式中, 相 邻层的金属过孔呈交错分布。
结合第一方面至第十种可能的实现方式中的任一项, 在第十一种可能的 实现方式中, 任一介质波导的几何中心与任一辐射贴片的几何中心相重合。
结合第一方面至第十一种可能的实现方式中的任一项, 在第十二种可能 的实现方式中, 所述平面传输线波导转接器采用三维多芯片组件工艺一次成 型。
可见, 在本发明实施例中的平面传输线波导转换器包括 m个尺寸渐变的 介质波导, 而尺寸渐变的介质波导可拓宽平面传输线波导转换器的带宽, 从 而可减少平面传输线波导转接器对带宽拓宽的限制。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案, 下面将对实施例或现有技 术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图 仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造 性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例提供的微带波导转接器各层展开示意图;
图 2为图 1的微带波导转接器的放大剖视图; 图 3为本发明实施例提供的平面传输线结构的俯视结构图;
图 4为本发明实施例提供的微带波导转接器另一结构示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例提供的毫米波收发模块结构示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例提供的带状线波导转接器结构示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例提供的双面涂敷金属的 PCB板的正面结构; 图 8为本发明实施例提供的双面涂敷金属的 PCB板的反面结构; 图 9为本发明实施例提供的介质波导结构示意图;
图 10为本发明实施例提供的微带波导转接器又一结构示意图; 图 11为本发明实施例提供的尺寸示意图;
图 12为本发明实施例提供的仿真曲线。
具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而 不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有做 出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
带状线波导转接器与微带波导转接器大体类似, 本文将主要以微带波导 转接器为例, 对本发明实施例所提供的技术方案进行介绍。
图 1和图 2示出了微带波导转接器的一种结构, 其可包括平面传输线结构 和渐变波导结构。 为便于了解微带波导转接器的结构, 图 1 将微带波导转接 器的各层展开表示, 图 2为图 1所示微带波导转接器的放大剖视图。
其巾: 平面传输线结构至少包括平面传输线 101、 介质基板 102, 以及具有耦合 缝隙 103的金属地 104。 在本实施例中平面传输线 101具体为开路 带线。
其中, 平面传输线 101位于介质基板 102的第一表面, 而具有耦合缝隙 103的金属地 104位于介质基板 102的第二表面。 平面传输线结构的俯视结构 (已放大)可参见图 3。
至于渐变波导结构则可包括 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导( m为不小于 2的 正整数, 在本实施例中, m=2 )。
任一介质波导由介质基板 111上的金属过孔 105围成。
这 m个介质波导的尺寸可均勾渐变, 也可非均勾渐变, 本文后续将进行 伴细己载。 其中, m个尺寸渐变的介质波导中的第 1个介质波导(标号为 106 )与平 面传输线结构中的金属地 104上的耦合缝隙 103相耦合。 相邻介质波导之间通过金属地 107连接, 并且, 相邻介质波导之间设置 有辐射贴片 108; 请参见图 2, 不同介质波导的金属过孔 105通过介质波导间 的金属地 107实现连接。
第 m个介质波导(标号为 109 )与标准波导 110相接触的表面上也设置 有金属地 107以及辐射贴片 108。 或者称, 第 m个介质波导与标准波导 110 之间也设置有金属地 107以及辐射贴片 10。 当然,介质波导的数目并不限于 2个,请参见图 4,其还可为 3个。 当然, 本领域技术人员可根据需要对介质波导的数目进行灵活设计, 在此不作贅述。 可见, 在本发明实施例中的平面传输线波导转换器包括 m个尺寸渐变的 介质波导, 而尺寸渐变的介质波导可拓宽平面传输线波导转换器的带宽, 从 而可减少平面传输线波导转接器对带宽拓宽的限制。
上述微带波导转接器的工作原理可归纳如下: 高频信号馈入平面传输线 101 (微带线), 形成微带线特有的电磁场模式, 其中磁场分量通过金属地 104 上垂直于平面传输线 101 的耦合缝隙 103耦合到下面的介质波导腔(金属过 孔 105所围的区域) 当中, 进而激励起相应的 TE模式(TE指电矢量与传播 方向垂直), 耦合下来的电磁场进一步与辐射贴片 108进行耦合, 引起电磁谐 振, 完成宽带的阻抗匹配, 最终电磁信号馈入标准波导 110 中, 完成高频信 号的微带线到波导的转接, 由波导到微带线的转接与上述过程相反。 图 5 示出了上述微带波导转接器的一种应用场景, 其可应用在毫米波收 发模块中。图 5中,标号 501为模块盖板, 标号 502为毫米波芯片,标号 503 为毫米波模块引脚。
此外, 微带线与带状线具有非常类似的电磁场结构, 图 6示出了一种带 状线波导转接器的结构。 图 6 中虚线圈住的区域为带状线 (包含带状线的平 面传输线结构), 其他为渐变波导结构。
由于带状线是一种封闭结构的平面传输线, 因此与微带波导转接器相比, 带状线波导转接器可以降低由微带线带来的辐射损耗, 可以得到更好的性能。
在本发明其他实施例, 上述所有实施例中的任一介质波导的几何中心与 任一辐射贴片的几何中心相重合。 在本发明其他实施例, 上述所有实施例中的平面传输线波导转接器可采用 三维多芯片组件工艺一次成型。 三维多芯片组件工艺可包括多层印刷电路板、 多层低温共烧陶瓷, 多层 LCP ( Liquid crystal polymer, 液晶聚合物)等。
在具体实现时, 以多层电路板工艺为例, 可在双面涂敷金属的 PCB板的 一面刻蚀出开路微带线(或带状线)、 在另一面刻蚀耦合缝隙而得到平面传输 线结构。 至于介质波导, 仍以多层电路板工艺为例, 可在双面涂敷金属的 PCB板 上设置金属过孔 105,并在其中一面上刻蚀一矩形圈来得到介质波导以及金属 地 107和辐射贴片 108。 图 7和 8则为双面涂敷金属的 PCB板的正、 反面结 构 (以面向标准波导的一面为反面)。 为了增加金属过孔 105围成的介质波导的屏蔽效果, 金属过孔 105可以 选择围成多层的结构 (如图 9所示), 或者说, 介质波导由介质基板上的多层 金属过孔 105围成。 更具体的, 相邻层的金属过孔 105还可呈交错分布。 此外, 金属过孔与金属过孔之间可尽量靠近, 金属过孔之间距离的下限 可为所选加工打孔工艺的最小距离。 需要说明的是, 传统的微带波导转接器是通过一个微带探针和波导短路 背腔来实现微带与波导之间的转接器。 但是, 波导短路背腔需要用结构件形成, 这造成了微带波导转接器的剖 面较高, 导致结构上的复杂性, 并会增加生产成本。 为了克服传统微带波导转接器的问题, 发明人在研发本发明的过程中发 现了没有短路背腔的微带波导转接器。
没有短路背腔的微带波导转接器通过耦合缝隙, 将高频信号从微带线耦 合到标准波导当中, 并引入辐射贴片进行阻抗匹配, 由于这种结构取消了短 路背腔的使用, 因此降低了微带波导转接器的剖面。 但是, 微带波导转接器仍然需要复杂的人工装配才能完成, 因此, 需要 很强的工艺保证, 而这对于高频的应用, 特别是毫米波应用是一种很大的局 限性。 为了解决装配复杂以及工艺要求高的问题, 发明人在研发本发明的过程 中又发现了采用多层 PCB、 LTCC、 LCP等工艺一次完成设计的转接器结构。 它仍然采用耦合缝隙将来自于微带线的高频信号耦合到标准波导结构当中, 并通过双辐射贴片用于转接器阻抗匹配。 并且, 该转接器结构通过金属过孔 围成一个与外接标准金属波导尺寸相当的介质波导。 与介质波导不同, 标准波导的波导腔内不填充介质, 或者说, 标准波导 的波导腔内填充的介质是空气。 而介质波导的波导腔内填充的是可实现微波 低损耗的介质材料。 举例来讲, 标准波导的波导腔内所采用介质的相对介电 常数是 1 ,而介质波导的波导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电常数可能为 7.1。 也可以说, 介质波导腔存在于一个具有较高介电常数的介质当中。 发明人在研发本发明的过程中继续发现, 由于介电常数较高, 当与处于 主模工作状态的标准金属波导对接时, 介质波导处于多个模式工作的状态, 因此即使该转接器与对接的标准金属波导存在较小的对位偏差, 也会在转接 器通带内形成较多的谐振, 存在较大的不稳定性。 为了解决谐振问题, 在本发明其他实施例中, 上述所有实施例中的平面 传输线波导转接器中第 1个介质波导采用无高次模存在的尺寸。 近似的, 上述无高次模存在的尺寸与标准波导 (内壁) 的尺寸之间的比 值为 l/ , 为第 1个介质波导的波导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电常数。 以包含三个介质波导的微带波导转接器为例, 请参见图 10, 三个介质波 导中, 第 1个介质波导标号为 1 , 第 2个介质波导标号为 2, 第 3个介质波导 标号为 3; 介质波导 1是通过在介质基板 4上设置金属过孔形成的, 介质波导 2是通过在介质基板 5上设置金属过孔形成的,而介质波导 3是通过在介质基 板 6上设置金属过孔形成的。 假定, 介质基板 4所采用的介质材料的相对介电常数为 1 (也即介质波 导 1的波导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电常数为 ),介质基板 5所采用的 介质材料的相对介电常数为 2 (也即介质波导 2的波导腔内所填充介质材料 的相对介电常数为 2 ), 介质基板 6所采用的介质材料的相对介电常数为 3 (也即介质波导 3的波导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电常数为 3 )。 介质波导 1 的尺寸与标准波导 (内壁) 的尺寸之间的比值, 近似为
如无特殊声明, 本发明所有实施例中的尺寸指的是长和宽。 也即, 请参 见图 11 ,介质波导 1的长度 L1与标准波导内壁的长度 L的比值近似为
Figure imgf000010_0001
介质波导 1的宽度 W1与标准波导内壁的宽度 W的比值近似为 l :Af 。 在本发明其他实施例中, 上述所有实施例中 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导的 波导腔内可填充相同的介质材料。 仍以图 10所示包含三个介质波导的微带波 导转接器为例, 则 = 2 = 3。 在本发明其他实施例中,在采用相同的介质材料时,上述所有实施例中 m 个介质波导的尺寸可以是均匀渐变的: 第 i个介质波导的尺寸大于第 i-1个介 质波导的尺寸, 并且, 第 i个介质波导的尺寸与第 i-1个介质波导的尺寸之间 的比值等于, 第 i+1个介质波导的尺寸与第 i个介质波导的尺寸之间的比值,
2≤i≤m _ l。 举例来讲, 假定第 i个介质波导的尺寸与第 i-1个介质波导的尺寸之间的 比值等于 a, 则第 i+1个介质波导的尺寸与第 i个介质波导的尺寸之间的比值 也等于 a。 当然, 在采用相同的介质材料时, 上述所有实施例中 m个介质波导的尺 寸也可以是非均匀渐变的, 在此情况下, 仍需要保证第 i个介质波导的尺寸大 于第 i-1个介质波导的尺寸。 在本发明其他实施例中, 上述所有实施例中 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导的 波导腔内也可填充不同的介质材料, 并且, 第 i个介质波导的波导腔内所填充 介质材料的相对介电常数小于第 i-1个介质波导的波导腔内所填充介质材料的 相对介电常数。 仍以图 10 所示包含三个介质波导的微带波导转接器为例, 则
1、 2、 3
sr > sr > sr 。 在本发明其他实施例中,在采用不同的介质材料时,上述所有实施例中 m 个介质波导的尺寸亦可是均匀渐变的,也即,第 i个介质波导的尺寸大于第 i-1 个介质波导的尺寸, 并且, 第 i个介质波导的尺寸与第 i-1个介质波导的尺寸 之间的比值等于, 第 i+1个介质波导的尺寸与第 i个介质波导的尺寸之间的比 值, 2≤i≤m _ i。 或者, 在采用不同的介质材料时, 上述所有实施例中 m个介质波导均采 用无高次模存在的尺寸。 近似的, 第 j个介质波导的尺寸与标准波导(内壁) 的尺寸之间的比值, 为 1: ( i≤j≤m )。 仍以图 10所示包含三个介质波导的微带波导转接器为例, 则介质波导 1 的尺寸与标准波导(内壁)的尺寸之间的比值近似为 1 : 7^ , 介质波导 2的尺 寸与标准波导(内壁)的尺寸之间的比值近似为
Figure imgf000011_0001
介质波导 3的尺寸与 标准波导 (内壁) 的尺寸之间的比值近似为 i:Af 。 由于 > ^2 > ^3 , 因此 介质波导 1至介质波导 3的尺寸是渐次增大的。 在本发明其他实施例中, 无论是否采用相同的介质材料, 第 m个介质波 导的尺寸可小于或等于标准波导的尺寸。
之间。 这一尺寸选择是为了在介质波导腔与标准波导腔之间起到尺寸上的緩 冲, 进而有利于阻抗的匹配。 为了验证本发明实施例提供的技术方案的效果, 设计了包含 2个介质波 导的微带波导转接器, 该转接器工作频率范围为 57GHz〜66GHz, 其平面传输 线结构和渐变波导结构中的介质基板采用同样的介质材料(Dupont 9K7 材 料), 介电常数为 7.1 , 介质基板厚度为 0.11mm。 图 12为该转接器与标准波 导存在 0.15mm偏位公差时的仿真曲线,从曲线中可以看出频率谐振点已经完 全消除。 可见, 通过渐变波导结构的引入, 介质波导中的高次模得到了有效的抑 制, 从而降低了平面传输线波导转接器对外接标准波导偏位公差的敏感程度, 消除了转接器通带内的谐振, 最大化的提升了转接器的性能, 因此在与外接 标准波导的连接中存在的偏位公差具有较大的鲁棒性, 降低了工程实现的难 度, 并且整个转接器的性能得到了进一步的提升。 综上, 本发明实施例所提供的平面传输线波导转换器, 是低工艺要求并 且具有低剖面结构的超宽带微带波导转接器。 它能很好的适用于 V-band、 E-band等毫米波超宽带通信, 并且能很好的与毫米波收发模块兼容, 容易形 成一套具有波导接口毫米波收发模块的整体解决方案。 本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述, 每个实施例重点说明的都 是与其他实施例的不同之处, 各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。 还需要说明的是, 在本文中, 诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用 来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来, 而不一定要求或者暗 示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语"包括"、 "包含"或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要 素的过程、 方法、 物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素, 而且还包括没有明确列 出的其他要素, 或者是还包括为这种过程、 方法、 物品或者设备所固有的要 素。 在没有更多限制的情况下, 由语句 "包括一个 ...... "限定的要素, 并不排除 在包括所述要素的过程、 方法、 物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。 对所提供的实施例的上述说明, 使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用 本发明。 对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易 见的, 本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下, 在其它实施例中实现。 因此, 本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例, 而是要符合与本文所提供的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims

权利要求 书
1、 一种平面传输线波导转换器, 其特征在于, 包括平面传输线结构和渐 变波导结构; 其中: 所述平面传输线结构至少包括平面传输线、 介质基板, 以及具有耦合缝 隙的金属地, 所述平面传输线位于所述介质基板的第一表面, 所述具有耦合 缝隙的金属地位于所述介质基板的第二表面; 所述渐变波导结构包括 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导, 所述 m为不小于 2的 正整数;
相邻介质波导之间通过金属地连接, 并且, 相邻介质波导之间设置有辐 射贴片;
所述 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导中的第 1个介质波导与所述平面传输线结 构中的耦合缝隙相耦合; 第 m个介质波导与标准波导相接触的表面上设置有 金属地以及辐射贴片。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 第 i个介 质波导的尺寸大于第 i-1个介质波导的尺寸。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 所述 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导的波导腔内填充相同的介质材料。
4、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 所述 m个尺寸渐变的介质波导的波导腔内填充不同的介质材料, 并且, 第 i个介质 波导的波导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电常数小于, 第 i-1个介质波导的波 导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电常数。
5、 如权利要求 1-4任一项所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 所述第 1个介质波导采用无高次模存在的尺寸。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 任一介质 波导均采用无高次模存在的尺寸。
7、 如权利要求 5或 6所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 第 j 个介质波导采用的无高次模存在的尺寸与所述标准波导的尺寸之间的比值为 1 : ·^ ,所述^ 为所述第 j个介质波导的波导腔内所填充介质材料的相对介电 常数, l≤j≤m。
8、 如权利要求 1 - 7任一项所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 所述第 m个介质波导的尺寸小于或等于所述标准波导的尺寸。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 所述第 m
10、 如权利要求 1-9任一项所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 所述介质波导由介质基板上的一层或多于一层的金属过孔围成。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在于, 相邻层 的金属过孔呈交错分布。
12、 如权利要求 1 - 11 任一项所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在 于, 任一介质波导的几何中心与任一辐射贴片的几何中心相重合。
13、 如权利要求 1 - 12任一项所述的平面传输线波导转接器, 其特征在 于, 所述平面传输线波导转接器采用三维多芯片组件工艺一次成型。
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