EP3883979A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxymethylen-polymeren mit mittlerer kettenlänge - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxymethylen-polymeren mit mittlerer kettenlängeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3883979A1 EP3883979A1 EP19804731.8A EP19804731A EP3883979A1 EP 3883979 A1 EP3883979 A1 EP 3883979A1 EP 19804731 A EP19804731 A EP 19804731A EP 3883979 A1 EP3883979 A1 EP 3883979A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- formaldehyde
- base
- starter
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 418
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 128
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 44
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 6
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 5
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N L-(-)-Sorbose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 5
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005705 Cannizzaro reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical class CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002631 hypothermal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003109 Karl Fischer titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 235000014510 cooky Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNQZXJOMYWMBOU-VKHMYHEASA-N D-glyceraldehyde Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C=O MNQZXJOMYWMBOU-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003869 coulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZGFPIGGZMWGPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;formic acid Chemical compound O=C.OC=O ZGFPIGGZMWGPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005704 oxymethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])O[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003641 trioses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2/00—Addition polymers of aldehydes or cyclic oligomers thereof or of ketones; Addition copolymers thereof with less than 50 molar percent of other substances
- C08G2/08—Polymerisation of formaldehyde
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2/00—Addition polymers of aldehydes or cyclic oligomers thereof or of ketones; Addition copolymers thereof with less than 50 molar percent of other substances
- C08G2/06—Catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2/00—Addition polymers of aldehydes or cyclic oligomers thereof or of ketones; Addition copolymers thereof with less than 50 molar percent of other substances
- C08G2/18—Copolymerisation of aldehydes or ketones
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyoxymethylene polymers, comprising the reaction of aqueous formaldehyde solution with an aqueous solution of a base, in which A) a starter solution comprising formaldehyde and a base is introduced and B) an aqueous formaldehyde solution and a Base are added simultaneously to the starter solution so that a reaction mixture is obtained.
- the invention also relates to a polyoxymethylene polymer obtainable by the process according to the invention.
- formaldehyde in the implementation of formaldehyde with alkaline compounds such as. B. sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, various amines etc., depending on the reaction conditions, formaldehyde can react as follows:
- the reaction can be viewed as a polymerization via the C atoms, which comes to a standstill when the sugars consisting of 6 C atoms are reached: 3 CH2O—> HOCH2CH (OH) CHO + another 3 CH2O—> sorbose and fructose.
- the reaction is exothermic and can therefore accelerate itself.
- Polymeric forms of formaldehyde that are industrially produced today are short-chain polymers known as paraformaldehyde and having a molecular weight of approximately 500 g / mol, and long-chain polyoxymethylene polymers (POM), which generally have a molecular weight of approximately 10000 g / mol have up to 30000 g / mol.
- WO 2015/155094 A1 relates to a process for the preparation of polyoxymethylene block copolymers by catalytic addition of alkylene oxides and optionally further comonomers onto at least one polymeric formaldehyde starter compound which has at least one terminal hydroxyl group in the presence of a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst, where ( i) in a first step, the DMC catalyst is activated in the presence of the polymeric formaldehyde starter compound, with partial activation (based on the total amount of the amount of alkylene oxides used in the activation and polymerization) of one or more alkylene oxides for the activation of the DMC catalyst is added, (ii) in a second step one or more alkylene oxides and optionally further comonomers are added to the mixture resulting from step (i), it being possible for the alkylene oxides used in step (ii) to be identical or different from those in step (i ) used n alkylene oxides, characterized in that the activation
- a process for the production of polyoxymethylene polymers comprising the reaction of aqueous formaldehyde solution with an aqueous solution of a base, wherein A) a starter solution comprising formaldehyde is introduced and B) an aqueous formaldehyde solution and a base to the starter solution be added so that a reaction mixture is obtained.
- the starter solution in step A) has a temperature of> 40 ° C. to ⁇ 46 ° C.
- the additions of the solutions in step B) are carried out at a temperature of the reaction mixture of> 40 ° C. to ⁇ 46 ° C.
- the base is an alkali and / or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide and the molar ratio of formaldehyde to base is> 55: 1 to ⁇ 90: 1, based on the total amounts of formaldehyde and base used in the process.
- the base in step B) is added in aqueous solution.
- polyoxymethylene polymers with a medium chain length that is to say with a number of formaldehyde units in the polymer, obtained between that of paraformaldehyde and that of POM to let.
- the bases in the starter solution and in step B) can be the same or different. It is preferred that the bases are the same.
- aqueous base solution in addition to the use of alkali metal hydroxide bases, has the advantage that the saccharification reaction as a side reaction is reduced.
- base concentrations in step B) of> 350 g / liter to ⁇ 700 g / liter are preferred and> 400 g / liter to ⁇ 600 g / liter are more preferred.
- step B) The addition of formaldehyde solution and base solution in step B) is preferably carried out simultaneously, for example by simultaneous dropwise addition of the solutions.
- the individual drops of formaldehyde solution and base do not have to arrive in the reaction mixture synchronously.
- step B between the start of the addition of the formaldehyde solution and the start of the base addition in step B) there is a duration of ⁇ 60 seconds and more preferably ⁇ 10 seconds. It is further preferred that between the end of the addition of the formaldehyde solution and the end of the base addition in step B) there is a duration of ⁇ 60 seconds and more preferably ⁇ 10 seconds.
- step B) the formaldehyde solution is preferably metered in such a way that> 100% by weight to ⁇ 200% by weight (preferably> 130% by weight to ⁇ 150% by weight), based on the weight of those introduced in step A) Starter solution to be added per hour. It is possible to choose a lower dosage rate for the formaldehyde solution at the beginning of the process than towards the end.
- the average metering rate during the first half of the addition time in step B) can be> 50% to ⁇ 90% of the average metering rate during the second half.
- the two aforementioned side reactions 2) and 3) occur in the polymerization reaction and should be suppressed as far as possible.
- the reaction should be carried out at the lowest possible temperature. On the other hand, this should not be too low, because otherwise there is an uncontrolled separation of formaldehyde from the solution due to hypothermia.
- the temperature range of> 40 ° C. to ⁇ 46 ° C. provided according to the invention represents the compromise between the opposing requirements and only enables the polyoxymethylene polymers to be produced sensibly while largely suppressing the side reactions described above.
- Preferred are> 41 ° C to ⁇ 46 ° C, more preferably> 42 ° C to ⁇ 43 ° C. This applies both to the temperature control in step A) and to the reaction mixture in step B).
- a formaldehyde concentration of about 40% in the solution is preferably set.
- the approximately 60% formaldehyde solution and the corresponding amount of base are preferably added to the extent that the reaction proceeds and the concentration drops, so that a concentration of approximately 40% is retained in the solution.
- a lower temperature such as B. 30 ° C, which would require a formaldehyde concentration of 30%, leads to uneconomically very long reaction times, although this temperature would be beneficial for the suppression of side reactions.
- the total molar ratio of formaldehyde to base when alkali metal hydroxide bases are used is> 55: 1 to ⁇ 90: 1 and preferably> 60: 1 to ⁇ 86: 1.
- the total molar ratio of formaldehyde to base can be, for example,> 25: 1 to ⁇ 100: 1 and preferably> 30: 1 to ⁇ 50: 1.
- each proton acceptor capacity is counted individually. If a mixture of several bases is used, the total proton acceptor capacity of the mixture is of course used as the basis for the calculation of the molar ratio.
- a total ratio of 76 moles of formaldehyde (calculated as 100%) to 1 mole of NaOH (also calculated as 100%) and 86 moles of formaldehyde to one mole of KOH can be used.
- Suitable reaction vessels for the process according to the invention are, for example, thermostatted reaction vessels and preferably thermostatted mixer kneaders.
- the starter solution is an aqueous starter solution.
- aqueous solution means that the solution contains at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution, of water. At least 50% by weight are preferred, more preferably at least 60% by weight.
- the starter solution further comprises a base.
- the base content of the starter solution is preferably> 0.1% by weight to ⁇ 5% by weight, more preferably> 0.3% by weight to ⁇ 1% by weight.
- the starter solution has a formaldehyde content of> 35% by weight to ⁇ 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution. Preferred are> 37% by weight to ⁇ 45% by weight, more preferred> 40% by weight to ⁇ 42% by weight.
- the formaldehyde solution in step B) has a formaldehyde content of> 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.
- a formaldehyde concentration that is as high as possible is advantageous because if the formaldehyde content in the solution drops, the reaction is greatly slowed down and usually comes to a standstill at about 20% formaldehyde content, as our own studies have shown.
- the starter solution and / or the formaldehyde solution have a methanol content of ⁇ 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.
- Methanol contents of ⁇ 0.8% by weight are preferred and more preferably ⁇ 0.7% by weight.
- Such qualities of formaldehyde can be obtained from plants that work according to the silver contact process with methanol ballast. A formaldehyde solution with up to 62% by weight of formaldehyde and a methanol content of about 0.3% can be obtained. After the excess methanol has been distilled off, the methanol contents mentioned can be achieved.
- the starter solution and / or the formaldehyde solution have a formic acid content of ⁇ 100 ppm, based on the total weight of the solution. Contents of ⁇ 50 ppm are preferred, more preferably ⁇ 10 ppm.
- the base in the starter solution and / or in step B) is an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, an amine or a mixture thereof.
- amines are tertiary amines such as hexamine (urotropin) or triethylamine.
- the inorganic bases are preferred because, compared to organic bases such as amines, they are easier to separate from the reaction product or the mother liquor by means of ion exchange resins.
- Sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide in the starter solution and in step B) are preferred. In our own investigations, these bases showed comparable purities and yields of the product.
- sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution with concentrations of> 400 g / liter to ⁇ 600 g / liter can be used, in particular in step B).
- the inexpensive sodium hydroxide solution is particularly preferred.
- the temperature of the reaction mixture is reduced after the addition of the base solution has ended. A subsequent reaction can then take place, which further increases the yield.
- the temperature of the reaction mixture is reduced to> 18 ° C. to ⁇ 24 ° C. over a period of> 3 hours to ⁇ 6 hours.
- the process comprises a subsequent separation step to obtain a solid polyoxymethylene polymer and a mother liquor.
- the separation can take place, for example, by filtering or centrifuging.
- At least a portion of the mother liquor is concentrated after the separation step and used as a starter solution for the reaction of the aqueous formaldehyde solution with the aqueous solution of a base.
- the mother liquor obtained after the separation step and / or the concentrated mother liquor is treated with acidic and / or basic ion exchange resins. Bases derived from the starting materials and formic acid formed during the reaction are thus removed.
- the starter solution, the formaldehyde solution and / or the solution of the base furthermore contain a polyol.
- a polyol such as glycerol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 2- (hydroxymethyl) -2-methyl-l, 3-propanediol, pentaerythritol, pentose sugars or hexose sugars
- polymeric polyols such as polyether polyols or polyester polyols can also be used . In this way, copolymers can be obtained.
- the process is carried out as a continuous process.
- the reaction is started with an approximately 40-45% solution, to which the required amount of sodium hydroxide solution is added in accordance with the above specification.
- the starter solution temperature is 40- 46 ° C, which is set via a cooling-heating control by means of a thermostat (in the laboratory).
- the desired solid separates due to the onset of reaction and the formaldehyde concentration in the solution drops.
- further high-percentage formaldehyde solution and the corresponding amount of sodium hydroxide solution can now be added, as a result of which the formaldehyde concentration in the solution increases again and the alkali concentration in the overall solution is kept constant.
- the reaction is then allowed to end, the reaction temperature being reduced to about 20 ° C. in accordance with the decrease in the formaldehyde concentration in the solution.
- the work-up is carried out by separating the aqueous mother liquor from the solid by filtration or centrifugation. To remove the alkali and water-soluble by-products, the filter cake is washed thoroughly with water until it runs neutral, and then dried, e.g. B. in a vacuum dryer at a temperature of maximum 45 ° C. The separated mother liquor is combined with the wash water and worked up separately to obtain the unreacted formaldehyde.
- a fully continuous mode of operation is possible by working with a cascade of stirred tanks.
- a first reactor serves as a mixing reactor in which the reaction starts. In a second reactor it is continued.
- This reactor also serves as a buffer for third and fourth reactors, in which the reaction is completed and from which the centrifuge is fed.
- the design of the reactors should preferably be such that the third reactor has just become empty when the fourth reactor becomes full or vice versa.
- the product thus obtained is obtained in a yield of up to 75% based on the amount of formaldehyde used, and has a purity of 98-98.5%.
- the yield of solid is 70-75%, the yield of dilute aqueous formaldehyde solution is about 12-18%, in each case based on the amount of formaldehyde used.
- the remaining formaldehyde is lost in the side reactions or in the waste water.
- the wash water is mixed with lye and heated. Any formaldehyde that may have been saccharified thereby, so that the solution is detoxified and can be disposed of in a sewage treatment plant.
- Part of the recovered mother liquor can be returned to the emptied reactor and serves as a component of the starter solution after it has been warmed to the reaction temperature and adjusted to about 40% formaldehyde concentration with high-strength formaldehyde solution.
- the process starts again by adding further high-proof formaldehyde solution and further sodium hydroxide solution.
- the mother liquor and the washing water can be worked up to recover the unreacted formaldehyde which is obtained after the solid formaldehyde polymer has been separated off, using the following methods:
- formaldehyde solutions which are free of by-products can now be obtained by distillation.
- Pressure distillation provides high-percentage formaldehyde solutions and vacuum distillation low-percentage formaldehyde solutions.
- the clean formaldehyde solutions thus obtained can be used for a variety of purposes.
- hexamine was used as the base / catalyst.
- the remaining aqueous solution containing formaldehyde is mixed with ammonia or ammonium carbonate, so that the formaldehyde component is converted to hexamine.
- the resulting hexamine solution can be used for silage treatment in agriculture or for the production of a bakelite resin for molding sand consolidation, which is required in the production of cast iron.
- the hexamine content in the dried hexamine is below 99%, many other applications remain blocked.
- Aqueous waste solutions with low formaldehyde contents are disposed of by adding sodium hydroxide solution and heating the solution to the boiling point.
- the remaining formaldehyde components in the solution are converted to the sugars fructose and sorbose, which caramelize at high temperatures.
- the result is a brown, non-toxic solution that can be metabolized by the bacteria in the sewage treatment plant
- reaction rate is necessary for the optimal design of the containers and for carrying out the reaction.
- samples of the reacting mixture can be taken in a test as a function of time, the solids content removed and the formaldehyde content of the solution determined by titration. With the help of the kinetic data obtained in this way, the required container sizes can be calculated.
- the washed polymer is still dried. Vacuum drying at low temperature is best suited for this. Under optimal reaction conditions, a white, free-flowing product has been produced in a yield of up to 75%, as described so far. Together with the formaldehyde recovered from the mother liquor and the washing water, the overall yield based on formaldehyde is up to 90%.
- formaldehyde copolymers can be prepared. This addition should also take place as continuously as possible in order to ensure a uniform composition of the solution. Suitable low molecular weight polyols are e.g. B.
- glycerol 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 2- (hydroxymethyl) -2-methyl-l, 3-propanediol, pentaerythritol, pentose sugar and hexose sugar and polymeric polyols such as polyether polyols or polyester polyols can also be used . In this way copolymers are obtained.
- the yield and composition of the copolymer vary depending on the type of polyol added and the amount added.
- the invention also relates to a polyoxymethylene polymer which can be obtained by a process according to the invention and has a water content of ⁇ 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer. Water contents of ⁇ 0.1% by weight are preferred, more preferably ⁇ 0.05% by weight. In the context of the present invention, the water content of the polyoxymethylene polymer is determined by means of coulometric Karl Fischer titration.
- the polyoxymethylene polymer has an average molecular weight of> 1100 g / mol to ⁇ 3000 g / mol (preferably> 1200 g / mol to ⁇ 2500 g / mol, more preferably> 1400 g / mol to ⁇ 2400 g / mol).
- the molecular mass can be determined by H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.
- a density of 1.524 g / ml, a mass concentration of 762.2 g NaOH and a substance concentration of 19.05 mol NaOH / 1 were used as the basis for the mass calculation of the 50% sodium hydroxide solution used.
- the vessel was equipped with a stirrer.
- the starter solution was first prepared in this vessel. 1234 g of a low-methanol aqueous formaldehyde solution which contained 502 g of formaldehyde were introduced. 11.6 ml of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution were added to this solution with stirring, so that the starter solution was obtained. The reaction vessel and thus the solution were heated or cooled to 42 ° C. by means of the thermostat.
- Formaldehyde solution and sodium hydroxide solution were then added at a reaction temperature of 42 ° C.
- the following table lists the amount of formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide solution at the respective times that had been dosed up to that point. The entry at zero minutes corresponds to the composition of the starter solution.
- the temperature in the double-jacket vessel was started to be reduced by means of the thermostat. A temperature of about 20-22 ° C was reached in about 4 hours. Thereafter, the reaction was allowed to continue for 2-3 hours.
- the solution together with the precipitated solid was then transferred to a suction filter with a suitable size suction bottle and sucked dry by applying a vacuum to the suction bottle until nothing dripped.
- the mother liquor thus obtained was removed from the feeding bottle and subjected to vacuum distillation.
- the material on the nutsche was about 5 ltr. Washed out water. The wash water must finally run neutral, i.e. H. it no longer contained alkali.
- the solid was then sucked dry and then dried in a dryer at low temperature ( ⁇ 45 ° C.) and under normal pressure to a slight vacuum (approx. 200 mbar).
- the yield of solid was up to 75.2% of the formaldehyde used, which had a purity of 98.3% (formaldehyde titration) and a residual moisture of ⁇ 0.1% (Karl Fischer titration) in the analysis.
- Example 2 The same apparatus as in Example 1 was used. In addition to the starter solution, a 50% sodium hydroxide solution and a high-proof formaldehyde solution were used. The temperature in the reaction vessel was kept at 42 ° C. by means of the thermostat. In the following The table shows the amount of formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide solution at the respective times that had been dosed up to that point. The entry at zero minutes corresponds to the composition of the starter solution.
- the mother liquor could be freed from both sodium hydroxide solution and formic acid using ion exchange resins.
- the sodium hydroxide solution was first removed. A strongly acidic ion exchange resin was used for this. After passing through the resin, an acidic solution was obtained in which a formic acid content of 1.3% was determined by acid titration. From this, a conversion of about 3% of the formaldehyde used is calculated in accordance with the Cannizzaro reaction to formic acid and methanol. Likewise, a further 3% of the formaldehyde used must have reacted to form sorbose and fructose, since 94% of the formaldehyde is in the form of polymer and aqueous solution.
- the formic acid was also removed using a strongly basic ion exchange resin, resulting in a neutral solution.
- This could be used for the production of so-called "impregnating resins" for the Production of special papers can be used by adding the solution according to the recipes applicable there.
- the moist filter cake is dried in a large-scale plant by applying a good vacuum using a water ring pump before the washing process is initiated.
- Example 2 The experiment was carried out analogously to Example 1. In addition, 1 g of 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane was added to 30 g of formaldehyde (calculated as 100%). The TMP was added proportionately to the starter solution. A total of 6014 g of formaldehyde in the form of a 60.8% aqueous solution, 155 ml of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution and 200 g of 1,1,1-trimethylpropane were metered into the reaction vessel at 42 ° C. in the course of 5.3 hours.
- Example 2 The experiment was carried out analogously to Example 1. In addition, 1 g of 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane was added to 13.3 g of formaldehyde (100%). The TMP was added proportionately to the starter solution. A total of 5777 g of formaldehyde in the form of a 61.1% aqueous solution, 135 ml of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution and 432 g of 1,1,1-trimethylpropane were metered into the reaction vessel at 42 ° C. in the course of 5 hours. 192.4 mol of formaldehyde and 2.6 mol of NaOH were thus processed. This corresponds to a molar ratio of formaldehyde to base of 74.8: 1.
- Example 5 (comparative example): reaction at 33 ° C. with a 34% formaldehyde solution
- a starter solution with a 34% formaldehyde solution and sodium hydroxide solution was introduced.
- the molar ratios to one another corresponded to the quantitative ratios as in Example 1.
- the temperature of the solution was set to 33 ° C. and the addition of further formaldehyde solution and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was also carried out at this temperature.
- the samples could be titrated for formaldehyde content by removing small amounts of liquid and separating the resulting solid by filtration.
- the rate of addition of the two components to the batch was chosen so that the formaldehyde content did not rise significantly above 30%.
- the purpose of this measure was to avoid hypothermia in the added high-proof formaldehyde solution and thus uncontrolled separation of sticky paraformaldehyde.
- the reaction rate dropped to about 40% compared to working at 42 ° C with an approximately 40% formaldehyde solution, so that the reaction time increased 2.5 times.
- a total of 4333 g of formaldehyde (calculated as 100%) and 101 ml of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution were metered in. 2903 g of solid were obtained, which corresponds to a yield of 67% on formaldehyde.
- the purity was 98.1%, the residual moisture 0.1%. Because of the total duration of the test of more than 14 hours and the poorer yield, this procedure was not pursued further. A higher purity compared to the product from Example 1 was also not found.
- Example 6 (comparative example): reaction at 55 ° C. with a 60.1% strength formaldehyde solution
- Example 7 (comparative example): reaction at 42 ° C. and an increased amount of sodium hydroxide compared to example 1
- the experiment was carried out as in Example 1.
- the formaldehyde solution used had a content of 62.0%. 5337 g of formaldehyde (100%) were metered in and 173 ml of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution. 3929 g of solid were obtained, corresponding to a yield of 64.6%. 177.7 mol of formaldehyde and 3.3 mol of NaOH were processed. This corresponds to a molar ratio of formaldehyde to base 53.9: 1.
- Example 8 (comparative example): reaction at 42 ° C. and a lower amount of sodium hydroxide compared to Example 1
- the experiment was carried out as in Example 1.
- the formaldehyde solution used had a content of 61.0%.
- 5858 g of formaldehyde (100%) were metered in and 110.9 ml of a 50% sodium hydroxide solution.
- 4081 g of solid were obtained, corresponding to a yield of 69.7% based on formaldehyde.
- 195.1 mol of formaldehyde and 2.1 mol of NaOH were processed. This corresponds to a molar ratio of formaldehyde to base 92.3 of: 1.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18207740.4A EP3656796A1 (de) | 2018-11-22 | 2018-11-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxymethylen-polymeren mit mittlerer kettenlänge |
| PCT/EP2019/081903 WO2020104512A1 (de) | 2018-11-22 | 2019-11-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxymethylen-polymeren mit mittlerer kettenlänge |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3883979A1 true EP3883979A1 (de) | 2021-09-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP18207740.4A Withdrawn EP3656796A1 (de) | 2018-11-22 | 2018-11-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxymethylen-polymeren mit mittlerer kettenlänge |
| EP19804731.8A Withdrawn EP3883979A1 (de) | 2018-11-22 | 2019-11-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxymethylen-polymeren mit mittlerer kettenlänge |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP18207740.4A Withdrawn EP3656796A1 (de) | 2018-11-22 | 2018-11-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxymethylen-polymeren mit mittlerer kettenlänge |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220002467A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3656796A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN113272348A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020104512A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3300535A (en) * | 1963-03-19 | 1967-01-24 | Tenneco Chem | Production of polyoxymethylene glycols |
| US3342779A (en) * | 1963-07-03 | 1967-09-19 | Toyo Koatsu Ind Inc | Process for producing alphapolyoxymethylene |
| US3492357A (en) * | 1968-09-06 | 1970-01-27 | Celanese Corp | Preparation of paraformaldehyde |
| GB1296835A (de) * | 1969-04-10 | 1972-11-22 | ||
| DE19925870A1 (de) | 1999-06-07 | 2000-12-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Umsetzung einer ein Gemisch enthaltenden Lösung |
| DE10319242A1 (de) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-11-18 | Basf Ag | Ausgangsverbindungen für die Herstellung von Polyurethanen |
| US7705106B2 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2010-04-27 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Initial compounds for producing polyurethanes |
| DE102008018965A1 (de) * | 2008-04-16 | 2009-10-22 | Ticona Gmbh | Oxymethylen-Copolymere und deren Verwendung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxymethylen-Copolymeren |
| WO2014095971A2 (de) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Funktionalisierte polyoxymethylen-block-copolymere |
| CN106414532B (zh) | 2014-04-07 | 2019-11-01 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 制造聚甲醛嵌段共聚物的方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-11-22 EP EP18207740.4A patent/EP3656796A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-11-20 US US17/292,606 patent/US20220002467A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-11-20 WO PCT/EP2019/081903 patent/WO2020104512A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-11-20 CN CN201980071663.3A patent/CN113272348A/zh active Pending
- 2019-11-20 EP EP19804731.8A patent/EP3883979A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020104512A1 (de) | 2020-05-28 |
| EP3656796A1 (de) | 2020-05-27 |
| CN113272348A (zh) | 2021-08-17 |
| US20220002467A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
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