EP3872279A1 - Residential building and building assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

Residential building (10, 20, 30), in particular multi-family building, with at least one closed residential area (1), the residential area (1) having at least one room, preferably a plurality of rooms (2a-2n), and a building installation (3) which vertically is installed running in the residential building (1), the residential building (10, 20, 30) being divided into a first building module (4a) and a second building module (4b), the first building module (4a) and the second building module (4b ) are separated from one another by a dividing line (5), the dividing line (5) runs from one side (6a) to the opposite side (6b) of the residential building, starting from the dividing line (5) an area expansion area (7) is provided around which the entire building area can be enlarged in addition to the areas of the first building module (4a) and second building module (4b), and the statics of the residential building (1) and the maximum area expansion area (7) are designed in such a way that in the event of a change in the area expansion area (7) up to its maximum value X, the statics of the residential building (1) do not have to be changed.

Description

The present invention relates to an apartment building according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a building arrangement comprising several residential buildings.

Technological background

In conventional building planning, floor plans and room arrangements are created more or less individually by architects. The designs of buildings created individually by architects are comparatively cost-intensive and, in addition, only through additional considerable cost input allow spatial and creative layouts and arrangements of residential buildings to be adapted to the needs of the sociological and social life cycle of owners or users. In particular, it should also be taken into account that building land is scarce, especially in urban areas, and that often only "unfavorable" building gaps are available for development with regard to the area design. In terms of planning, such areas often represent very great challenges for space-efficient development. This also very often results in greatly increased planning and execution costs. As is well known, building concepts can be created once for prefabricated house concepts and then reused in duplicate. However, such concepts do not allow any changes. Such duplication concepts can only be found in single-family houses.

There is therefore a fundamental need for residential buildings for multi-family use that can be designed in a flexible and cost-effective manner, especially in the case of individual building gaps, especially in urban areas, that can be adapted cost-effectively in terms of land use and that can react flexibly and cost-effectively to spaced areas.

State of the art in print

the DE 203 13 606 U1 reveals a building whose floor plan can be adapted to individual needs and can be changed economically if the usage conditions change. The building is enclosed by a building shell, which is built using a transverse wall construction from prefabricated load-bearing panels. The latter are stabilized by at least one transverse bracing and longitudinal bracing, so that a large, flexibly expandable room envelope is created both on the ground floor and on the upper floor, which can be individually designed and changed using statically ineffective interior walls. This idea is based on a given building envelope, which can be individually designed on the inside depending on the requirements.

From the DE 10 2016 106 929 A1 a building is known, which is formed from a plurality of at least partially prefabricated modules, with abutting modules together form a butt joint oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the building and at least one of the modules has a height measured perpendicular to the ground that is at least twice as large as one Width of the respective module measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the building.

US 2018/0230692 teaches a modular building structure, in which a number of building modules arranged next to one another can be combined with a further number of building modules in the manner of a stack.

From the DE 10 2016 015 092 A1 a person-accessible, spatially flexible container system is known which comprises at least one container with a floor, a roof and side walls. The container is designed as a base module and comprises a U-shaped roof-wall element which is designed to be displaceable with respect to the base module.

Object of the present invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a building or a building arrangement which, on the one hand, enables simple and inexpensive building design and, on the other hand, creates only comparatively low additional costs in terms of architecture and design for land areas / living space optimization.

Solution of the task

The above object is achieved in that the building is divided into a first building module and a second building module, the first building module and the second building module are separated from each other by a dividing line, the dividing line runs from one side to the opposite side of the building, starting from The dividing line is provided with a variable area expansion area by which the entire building area can be enlarged in addition to the areas of the first building module and the second building module if necessary, and the statics of the residential building and the maximum area expansion area are designed or coordinated in such a way that when the Area expansion area up to the maximum value of which the statics of the residential building do not have to be changed. This makes it possible to make surface adjustments in a particularly simple manner without having to take into account the costs of statics to be adjusted. This also makes a significant contribution to reducing costs. Except for the influence of the area expansion area, the first and second building modules have an unchangeable design with regard to floor plan and / or floor plan division and / or room division and / or facade opening design. Appropriate configurations of the building according to the invention are claimed in the dependent claims.

The building according to the invention enables particularly cost-effective construction, since corresponding buildings already contain a reusable basic concept due to the fixed predetermined first and second building modules, with only an area adjustment being made by the "expandable" area expansion area, i.e. by an area area that is easy to scale. Building installation measures that run vertically in the building are not affected, so that it is only about additional areas, the costs of which can be allocated or converted more or less one to one. If, for example, an individual development gap is available in an urban area, an adjustment can be made by means of the variable area expansion area of the building or the building arrangement without incurring excessive costs for planning and design. The area expansion area can be "drawn up" as far as the development gap allows. The implementation costs are easily predictable, as structural adjustment measures are not affected by the area expansion area. In this way, specifications from housing and funding programs for a flexible number of people can be implemented in a simple and cost-effective manner. The invention therefore ensures that the floor plan of a building can be scaled in a very simple but nevertheless efficient manner and that specifications from residential construction and funding programs can be implemented for a flexible number of people. The invention therefore makes a significant contribution in several respects to keeping living space "affordable".

Starting from the dividing line as the starting line, the area expansion area can have a width B of a length of 0 to a width of a length of X. Thus, with a minimal area design, no area expansion area is provided. However, if the base area of the building can be larger in the case of a new, larger vacant lot than in an earlier conception, the area expansion area is based on the dividing line as far as it is necessary or desired, "stretched" to dimension X (e.g. over a width of up to 4 meters). This creates an additional living space, which corresponds to the length of the dividing line multiplied by the width B. It may only be necessary to subtract area portions that are justified by walls that are located in the area of the dividing line.

The area expansion area is preferably designed to be straight or rectangular. This makes it particularly easy to implement in the planning.

Because the following areas are affected, preferably exclusively, by the area expansion area: masonry areas, wall covering areas, floor areas, floor covering areas, surface heating areas and / or building opening areas, the invention allows additional costs to be recorded in a particularly simple manner by "opening" the area expansion area / or output. Because all that needs to be taken into account are costs that constantly change with the increase in space. Because of this, the invention also makes it possible in particular to electronically determine and / or output cost information as a function of the desired increase in area.

The first building module and the second building module advantageously extend over all floors of the residential building. A "pulling out" of the area expansion area therefore has the effect that the floor or base areas of the residential building are correspondingly enlarged.

Building installation which is installed running vertically in the residential building is preferably not located in the area expansion area. This has the advantage that all building installations can remain in the places provided for in the planning. This also has a cost-reducing effect when changing areas.

The invention also makes it possible to simultaneously scale at least two or even more rooms of the residential building by changing the area expansion area.

It is also possible for the area expansion area to extend through at least one inner wall.

Preferably, several area expansion areas can also be provided per residential building. This also increases flexibility.

The present invention also relates to a building arrangement comprising a plurality of residential buildings. The latter is characterized in that the building arrangement comprises at least one residential building according to at least one of claims 1 to 9.

Description of the invention on the basis of exemplary embodiments

Fig. 1

eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung eines Beispiels einer mehrere erfindungsgemäße Wohngebäude umfassende Gebäudeanordnung;

Fig. 2

eine erste Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes einer Gebäudeanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 in Grundrissdarstellung;

Fig. 3

eine zweite Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes einer Gebäudeanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 in Grundrissdarstellung; sowie

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht des Gebäudes gemäß Fig. 2.

Expedient refinements of the present invention are described in detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. Recurring reference symbols are used only once for the sake of clarity. Show it:

Fig. 1

a greatly simplified schematic representation of an example of a building arrangement comprising several residential buildings according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a first embodiment of a building according to the invention according to a building arrangement Fig. 1 in plan view;

Fig. 3

a second embodiment of a building according to the invention according to a building arrangement Fig. 1 in plan view; as

Fig. 4

a side view of the building according to Fig. 2 .

Fig. 1 shows in a greatly simplified schematic representation a development gap 9 in which a building arrangement 1 consisting of several residential buildings 10, 20, 30 is inserted. In the specific example, there are a total of three residential buildings 10, 20 and 30 in the development gap 9. For example, green spaces, sidewalks 11 and / or fences are provided between the residential buildings and the development gap 9. The residential building 10 comprises a first building module 4a and a second building module 4b. The two building modules 4a, 4b are separated from one another by a dividing line 5. The further residential buildings 20, 30 also include corresponding first and second building modules which have an area expansion area in the case of the residential building 20 and two area expansion areas in the case of the residential building 30. The “starting line” of the respective area expansion area is formed by the dividing line 5 which separates the first building module 4a from the second building module 4b. The respective area expansion area 7 can thus in each case, starting from a minimum state, in which the two building modules 4a, 4b are provided without area expansion, up to a maximum extent. The maximum extent of the area expansion region is shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIG Fig. 1 indicated by the dashed line X. In the case of the residential building 10 of Fig. 1 the area expansion area 7 is raised to the maximum. The modular design of the residential buildings 10, 20 and 30 in combination with the respective area expansion area 7 allows existing building gaps to be optimally filled and at the same time to be able to keep the costs for planning and implementation comparatively low. Each of the residential buildings 10, 20 and 30 each comprises at least one area expansion area 7. In the specific example, the area expansion areas 7 are rectangular or straight. This enables a particularly high degree of variability with regard to the use of space at low costs.

As with building 30 Fig. 1 As can be seen, several dividing lines 5 and associated area expansion areas 7 can also be provided in a building.

Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the present invention on the basis of a floor plan of a residential building 10 in which an area expansion area 7 is provided.

The floor plan shows a residential building 10 with several rooms 2a-2i and facade openings 12a-12f. The residential building 10 is divided into a first building module 4a and a second building module 4b. Both mobile buildings 4a, 4b are conceptually separated from one another by a dividing line 5. The dividing line 5 forms the “starting line” for drawing up the area expansion area 7. The maximum area expansion area 7 drawn is defined by a line parallel to the dividing line 5 at the point marked with an “x”.

The statics of the building are set up in such a way that when there is a change in the building area within the area expansion area 7, no statics changes have to be made.

It is also provided that the area expansion area 7 extends in a straight line from one side of the residential building to the other side without impairing the design of an intermediate wall. The area enlargement region 7 can, for example, be designed in a straight line or rectangular. Alternatively, the area expansion area 7 can, however, also, for. B. be designed angular.

The area expansion area 7 preferably only affects the following areas: masonry areas, wall covering areas, floor areas, floor covering areas, surface heating areas and / or building opening areas. As a result, the additional costs resulting from the “opening” of the area expansion area 7 can be recorded and / or output in a simple manner. It only has to be essentially constant (e.g. linear) with the increase in area changing costs are taken into account. On the basis of this, the cost information can also be determined and / or output electronically in a particularly simple and quick manner as a function of the desired increase in area. Only trade costs related to a unit of area need to be kept. The area expansion area 7 thus makes it possible to scale the living space in a simple manner.

Reference numeral 3a denotes the area of the vertically running building installations (downpipes, water pipes, heat pipes and / or cable ducts for communication lines, etc.). 3b is also a vertically running building installation.

The building installations 3a, 3b, which are installed vertically in the residential building, are preferably also not located in the area expansion area 7. This results in the advantage that all building installations 3a, 3b can remain at the locations provided for in the planning. This also has a cost-reducing effect when changing areas.

The in Fig. 2 The example shown of a building according to the invention with an area expansion area 7 can vary the living space in the area of the room 2b, 2h by means of the area expansion area 7. In this example, there is no wall element in the area of the area expansion area 7.

The in Fig. 3 In the example shown, the area expansion area 7 is also designed in a straight line and runs from one side of the residential building to the opposite side of the same. By "pulling up" over the area expansion area 7, the inner wall 8 intersecting the area expansion area 7 is also lengthened accordingly. In this example, the area expansion area 7 does not overlap any building installations 3a or further vertical building installations 3b. Otherwise, this design only differs in the difference in the floor plan.

By "opening" the area expansion area 7 of the floor plan of the Fig. 3 the respective area of the rooms 2n and 2q up to the balcony 13 can be varied. The balcony 13 can be, for. B. be a prefabricated part.

Fig. 4 shows an external view of the residential building 10, which can extend over several floors. One recognizes from Fig. 4 good the considerable increase in the area of living space by opening the area expansion area 7. The reference numerals 3a and 3b are the vertically running building installations.

The first and second building modules 4a, 4b have, apart from the influence of the area expansion area 7, an unchangeable configuration with regard to floor plan and / or floor plan division and / or room division and / or facade opening design.

The presently described invention makes it possible to implement space-efficient buildings, especially in the case of "unfavorable" building gaps, at significantly reduced costs. In addition, the invention also allows changes in use to be implemented cost-effectively within the given building limits and to adapt them to the given area use. The present invention therefore represents a very important contribution to the relevant field of the prior art.

It is expressly pointed out that sub-combinations of the features described above are expressly regarded as belonging to the invention.

REFERENCE LIST

1

Building arrangement

2a-n

space

3a

Building installation

4a, 4b

Building module

5

parting line

6a, 6b

Side (residential building)

7th

Area expansion area

8th

Inner wall

9

Development gap

10

Residential buildings

11

Green areas / sidewalks / fences

12a-n

Facade opening

13th

balcony

20th

Residential buildings

30th

Residential buildings

Claims (12)

Residential buildings (10, 20, 30), in particular multi-family buildings, with at least one closed residential area (1), the residential area (1) having at least one room, preferably a plurality of rooms (2a-2n), and a building installation (3) which vertically installed running in the residential building (1), characterized in that
the residential building (10, 20, 30) is divided into a first building module (4a) and a second building module (4b),
the first building module (4a) and the second building module (4b) are separated from one another by a dividing line (5),
the dividing line (5) runs from one side (6a) to the opposite side (6b) of the residential building,
Starting from the dividing line (5), an area expansion area (7) is provided by which the entire building area can be enlarged in addition to the areas of the first building module (4a) and the second building module (4b), and
the statics of the residential building (1) and the maximum area expansion area (7) are designed in such a way that if the area expansion area (7) is changed up to its maximum value X, the statics of the residential building (1) do not have to be changed. Residential building (10, 20, 30) according to claim 1, characterized in that
the area expansion area (7), starting from the dividing line (5), has a width B of a length dimension of 0 to a width of a length dimension of X. Residential building (10, 20, 30) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the area expansion area (7) is straight or rectangular. Residential building (10, 20, 30) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the area expansion area (7), preferably exclusively, affects the following areas: masonry areas, wall covering areas, floor areas, floor covering areas, surface heating areas and / or building opening areas. Residential building (10, 20, 30) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first building module (4a) and the second building module (4b) extend over all floors of the residential building (1). Residential building (10, 20, 30) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building installation (3) which is installed running vertically in the residential building (1) is not located in the area expansion area (7). Residential building (10, 20, 30) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two rooms (e.g. 2b, 2f) of the residential building (1) can be scaled simultaneously by means of the area expansion area (7). Residential building according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the area expansion area (7) extends through at least one inner wall (8). Residential building according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the first and second building modules (4a, 4b) with regard to their design with regard to floor plan and / or floor plan division and / or The room layout and / or facade opening design cannot be changed. Residential building according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
a plurality of dividing lines (5) and associated area expansion areas (7) are provided in the residential building (30). A building arrangement (1) comprising several residential buildings (10, 20, 30), characterized in that
the building arrangement (1) comprises at least one residential building (e.g. 10) according to at least one of the preceding claims. Building arrangement (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that all residential buildings (10, 20, 30) are residential buildings according to at least one of the preceding claims.

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