EP3872279B1 - Multifamily building and building arrangement - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an apartment building according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a building arrangement comprising a number of apartment buildings.

Technological background

In conventional building planning, floor plans and room arrangements are created more or less individually by architects. Building designs individually created by architects are comparatively cost-intensive and, moreover, it is only possible to adapt the spatial and creative designs and arrangements of residential buildings to the needs of the sociological and social life cycle of owners and users through further considerable expenditure of money. In particular, it must also be taken into account that building land is scarce, especially in urban areas, and often only "unfavorable" gaps between buildings are available for development in terms of area design. Such areas often pose great planning challenges for space-efficient development. This also very often results in greatly increased planning and execution costs. As is well known, building concepts for prefabricated house concepts can be created once and then duplicated and reused. However, such concepts do not allow any changes. Such duplication concepts can also only be found in single-family houses.

There is therefore a fundamental need for residential buildings for multi-family use that can be designed flexibly and cost-effectively, especially in the case of individual vacant lots in urban areas in particular, that can be cost-effectively adapted in terms of land use and in which it is possible to react flexibly and cost-effectively to space.

Printed state of the art

The DE 203 13 606 U1 reveals a building whose floor plan can be adapted to individual needs and can be changed economically if the requirements for use change. The building is enclosed by a building shell constructed using a transverse wall construction method made of prefabricated load-bearing panels. The latter are stabilized by at least one transverse bracing and longitudinal bracing, so that there is a large, flexibly expandable room envelope on both the ground floor and the upper floor, which can be individually designed and modified by means of internal walls that are not statically effective. This idea is therefore based on a given building shell, which can be individually designed on the inside depending on the requirements.

From the DE 10 2016 106 929 A1 a building is known, which is formed from a plurality of at least partially prefabricated modules, with adjoining modules jointly forming a butt joint oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the building and at least one of the modules having a height measured perpendicularly to the subsoil which is at least twice as large as one width of the respective module measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the building.

US2018/0230692 teaches a modular building structure in which a series of ordered building modules can be combined with another series of building modules in a stack fashion.

From the DE 10 2016 015 092 A1 a walk-in, spatially flexible container system is known, which comprises at least one container with a floor, a roof and side walls. The container is designed as a base module and includes a U-shaped roof-wall element, which is designed to be displaceable relative to the base module.

The DE 202 15 619 U1 describes a standardized support structure for one- and multi-storey buildings with horizontal and vertical expandability. A basic module can be expanded on each floor and on each side of the floor plan by means of an extension module in the form of a cantilevered balcony, which can be fully or partially converted into a living area.

The DE 21 30 138 A1 discloses transportable housing units in the form of a container, which can be reversibly connected to other transportable housing units of the same dimensions to form a house association by means of a stationary support structure.

The GB 1 339 915 A describes a telescoping building with a plurality of room elements, each comprising two opposite side walls and a roof. The building can be moved telescopically on guide rails along the floor so that its volume changes.

The DE 11 2016 007 426 T5 discloses a moveable home having an indoor home and a light blocking accommodation unit. Two such movable houses can be placed facing each other. The terraces of the two movable houses can be covered using the accommodation unit, creating a larger interior space.

The WO 2019/073203 A1 discloses an extendable structure for vehicles and stationary buildings that includes side frames. The side frames are extendable and include multiple finger-like projections.

The U.S. 5,797,224 describes a prefabricated telescopically extendable construction for mobile hospitals, which comprises several segments.

Object of the present invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-family building or a building arrangement which, on the one hand, enables a simple and inexpensive building design, and on the other hand only justifies comparatively low additional costs with regard to architecture and design for property areas/living space optimization.

solution of the task

The above object is achieved in that the multi-family building is divided into a first building module and a second building module, the first building module and the second building module are separated from one another by a dividing line, the dividing line runs from one side to the opposite side of the building, starting from a variable area expansion area is provided at the dividing line, by which the entire building area can be increased if necessary in addition to the areas of the first building module and second building module, and the statics of the multi-family building and the maximum area expansion area are designed or coordinated in such a way that if there is a change in the Area expansion area up to the maximum value of which the statics of the multi-family building does not have to be changed. This makes it possible to carry out area adjustments in a particularly simple manner without having to take account of the costs for statics to be adjusted. This also contributes significantly to reducing costs. Except for the influence of the area expansion area, the first and second building module have an unchangeable design with regard to floor plan and/or floor plan division and/or room division and/or facade opening design.

Expedient configurations of the multi-family building according to the invention are claimed in the dependent claims.

The multi-family building according to the invention enables particularly cost-effective construction, since corresponding buildings already contain a reusable basic concept due to the fixed first and second building modules, with only an area-related adjustment being made by the "extractable" area expansion area, i.e. by an area area that is easy to scale. Building installation measures that run vertically in the building are not affected, so it is only about additional areas whose costs can be allocated or converted more or less one to one. If, for example, there is an individual development gap in an urban area, an adjustment can be made by means of the variable area expansion area of the building or the building arrangement without incurring excessive costs for planning and design. The area expansion area can be "raised" as far as the development gap allows. The costs in terms of implementation are easy to predict, since adjustment measures to the statics are not affected by the area expansion area. As a result, specifications from housing and funding programs can be implemented for a flexible number of people in a simple and cost-effective manner. The invention therefore ensures that the floor plan of a building can be scaled in a very simple but nevertheless efficient manner and that specifications from housing construction and funding programs for a flexible number of people can be implemented. The invention therefore makes a significant contribution in several respects to keeping living space "affordable".

According to the invention, the area expansion area has a width B of a length dimension of 0 up to a width of a length dimension of X, starting from the dividing line as the starting line. Thus, with a minimal area design, no area expansion area is provided. However, if the floor area of the building in the case of a new, larger vacant lot can be larger than in an earlier conception, the area expansion area, starting from the dividing line, is expanded to the extent necessary or desired to dimension X (e.g. over a width of up to 4 meters) "raised". This creates an additional floor space equal to the length of the dividing line multiplied by the width B. If necessary, only areas that are caused by walls that are located in the area of the dividing line have to be deducted.

According to the invention, floor surfaces and masonry surfaces are affected by the surface expansion area.

According to the invention, the area expansion area is formed in a straight line.

This makes it particularly easy to implement in the planning.

Due to the fact that the area expansion area also affects the following areas: wall covering surfaces, floor covering surfaces, panel heating surfaces and/or building opening areas, the invention allows additional costs by "drawing up" the area expansion area to be recorded and/or output in a particularly simple manner. Because only the costs that constantly change with the increase in area have to be taken into account. Because of this, the invention also makes it possible, in particular, to electronically determine and/or output cost information in a simple manner as a function of the desired increase in area.

According to the invention, the first building module and the second building module extend over all floors of the apartment building. A "drawing up" of the area expansion area therefore causes the floor or base areas of the multi-family building to increase accordingly.

Preferably, building installations that are installed running vertically in the apartment building are not located in the area expansion area. This results in the advantage that all building installations can remain in the planned locations. This also has a cost-reducing effect on surface changes.

The invention also makes it possible to scale at least two or even more rooms of the apartment building simultaneously by changing the area expansion area.

It is also possible for the surface expansion area to extend through at least one inner wall.

Preferably, several area expansion areas can also be provided for each residential building. This further increases flexibility.

The present invention also relates to a building arrangement comprising several residential buildings. The latter is characterized in that the building arrangement comprises at least one multi-family building according to at least one of claims 1 to 9.

Description of the invention based on exemplary embodiments

Fig. 1

eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung eines Beispiels einer mehrere erfindungsgemäße Wohngebäude umfassende Gebäudeanordnung;

Fig. 2

eine erste Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes einer Gebäudeanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 in Grundrissdarstellung;

Fig. 3

eine zweite Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes einer Gebäudeanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 in Grundrissdarstellung; sowie

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht des Gebäudes gemäß Fig. 2.

Expedient refinements of the present invention are described in detail below using exemplary embodiments. Recurring reference symbols are only used once for the sake of clarity. Show it:

1

a greatly simplified schematic representation of an example of a multiple residential buildings according to the invention comprehensive building arrangement;

2

a first embodiment of a building according to the invention of a building arrangement 1 in floor plan representation;

3

a second embodiment of a building according to the invention of a building arrangement 1 in floor plan representation; as well as

4

according to a side view of the building 2 .

1 shows a highly simplified schematic representation of a building gap 9 in which a building arrangement 1 consisting of several residential buildings 10, 20, 30 is inserted. In the concrete example, there are a total of three residential buildings 10, 20 and 30 in the development gap 9. Between the residential buildings and the development gap 9, for example, green areas, sidewalks 11 and/or fences are provided. The residential building 10 includes a first building module 4a and a second building module 4b. The two building modules 4a, 4b are separated from one another by a dividing line 5. The other residential buildings 20, 30 also include corresponding first and second building modules, which have an area extension area in the case of the residential building 20 and two area extension areas in the case of the residential building 30. The "starting line" of the respective area expansion area is formed by the dividing line 5, which separates the first building module 4a from the second building module 4b. The respective surface expansion area 7 can thus be “raised” up to a maximum extent, starting from a minimum state in which the two building modules 4a, 4b are provided without surface expansion. The maximum extension of the area expansion area is in the exemplary embodiment in 1 indicated by the dashed line X. In the case of the residential building 10 from 1 the area expansion area 7 is raised to the maximum. The modular design of the residential buildings 10, 20 and 30 in combination with the respective area expansion area 7 makes it possible to optimally fill existing vacant lots while at the same time being able to keep the costs for planning and implementation comparatively low. Each of the residential buildings 10, 20 and 30 includes at least one area extension area 7. The area extension areas 7 are rectangular or rectilinear in the specific example. This enables a particularly high degree of variability with regard to the use of space at low costs.

As with building 30 out 1 As can be seen, several dividing lines 5 and associated surface expansion areas 7 can also be provided in a building.

2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the present invention based on a floor plan of a residential building 10 in which an area expansion area 7 is provided.

The floor plan shows a residential building 10 with several rooms 2a-2i and facade openings 12a-12f. The residential building 10 is divided into a first building module 4a and a second building module 4b. Both mobile buildings 4a, 4b are conceptually separated from one another by a dividing line 5. The dividing line 5 forms the "starting line" for opening the surface expansion area 7. The maximum surface expansion area 7 drawn up is defined by a line parallel to the dividing line 5 at the point marked "x".

The statics of the building are set up in such a way that no static changes have to be made if the building area changes within the area expansion area 7 .

It is also provided that the area expansion area 7 extends in a straight line from one side of the residential building to the other side, without impairing the design of a partition wall. The surface expansion area 7 can be formed in a straight line or rectangular, for example. Alternatively, however, the area expansion area 7 can also be used, e.g. B. be designed angled.

The area expansion area 7 preferably exclusively affects the following areas: masonry areas, wall covering areas, floor areas, floor covering areas, panel heating areas and/or building opening areas. As a result, the additional costs caused by the "opening" of the area expansion area 7 can be recorded and/or output in a simple manner. It merely has to be essentially continuous (e.g. linear) with the increase in area changing costs are taken into account. Because of this, the cost details can also be determined and/or output electronically in a particularly simple and rapid manner, depending on the desired increase in area. Trade costs related to a unit of area only have to be kept available. The area expansion area 7 thus makes it possible to scale the living space in a simple manner.

Numeral 3a designates the area of the vertically running building installations (downpipes, water pipes, heating pipes and/or cable ducts for communication lines, etc.). 3b is also a vertical building installation.

The building installations 3a, 3b, which are installed running vertically in the residential building, are preferably also not located in the area expansion area 7. This results in the advantage that all building installations 3a, 3b can remain at the planned locations. This also has a cost-reducing effect on surface changes.

At the in 2 shown example of a building according to the invention with an area extension area 7 can be varied by the area extension area 7, the living space in the area of the room 2b, 2h. In this example, there is no wall element in the area of area extension 7.

At the in 3 shown example, the area expansion area 7 is also formed in a straight line and runs from one side of the residential building to the opposite side of the same. The inner wall 8 intersecting the area expansion area 7 is correspondingly lengthened by the "drawing up" over the area expansion area 7 . In this example, the area expansion area 7 does not overlap any building installations 3a or further vertical building installations 3b. Otherwise, this design differs only in the difference in the floor plan.

By "raising" the area extension area 7 of the floor plan 3 the respective area of the rooms 2n and 2q up to the balcony 13 can be varied. The balcony 13 can be z. B. be a finished part.

4 shows an exterior view of the residential building 10, which can extend over several floors. You can tell 4 well the considerable increase in area of living space by raising the area expansion area 7. The reference numerals 3a and 3b are the vertically running building installations.

The first and second building module 4a, 4b have an unchangeable configuration with regard to the floor plan and/or floor plan division and/or room division and/or façade opening design, except for the influence of the area expansion area 7.

The invention described here makes it possible to implement area-efficient buildings, in particular in the case of "unfavorable" vacant lots, at significantly reduced costs. In addition, the invention also allows changes in use to be implemented cost-effectively within the specified building limits and to be adapted to the given area use. The present invention therefore represents a very significant contribution to the relevant field of prior art.

REFERENCE LIST

1

building arrangement

2a-n

Space

3a

building installation

4a, 4b

building module

5

parting line

6a, 6b

side (residential building)

7

area expansion area

8th

inner wall

9

development gap

10

residential building

11

Green spaces/walkways/fences

12a-n

facade opening

13

balcony

20

residential building

30

residential building

Claims (9)

1. Multiple-dwelling unit, having at least one closed-off residential area (1), wherein the residential area (1) comprises a plurality of rooms (2a-2n) and a building installation (3) installed vertically in the residential building (1), wherein

   the multiple-dwelling unit, in a reusable basic design, is subdivided into a first building module (4a) and a second building module (4b),

   the first building module (4a) and the second building module (4b) are separated from one another by a partition line (5) and

   the partition line (5) runs from the one side (6a) to the opposite side (6b) of the multiple-dwelling unit,

   wherein, proceeding from a partition line (5), a scalable surface-area expansion region (7) is provided, by which the entire building surface area, in addition to the surface areas of the first building module (4a) and the second building module (4b), can be enlarged,

   wherein the surface-area expansion region (7) is straight, and

   the statics of the multiple-dwelling unit and of the maximum surface-area expansion region (7) are designed in such a way that, in the event of a change in the surface-area expansion region (7) up to its maximum value X, the statics of the multiple-dwelling unit do not need to be changed,

   wherein the surface-area expansion region (7), proceeding from the partition line (5), has a width B of a length dimension of 0 up to a width of a length dimension of X,

   floor areas and masonry areas are affected by the surface-area expansion region (7), and

   the first building module (4a) and the second building module (4b) extend over all the floors of the multiple-dwelling unit.
2. Multiple-dwelling unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the following areas are additionally affected by the surface-area expansion region (7): wall-covering surface areas, floor-covering surface areas, flat-heating-device surface areas and/or building-aperture surface areas.
3. Multiple-dwelling unit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the building installation (3) installed vertically in the multiple-dwelling unit is not located in the surface-area expansion region (7).
4. Multiple-dwelling unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two rooms (e.g. 2b, 2f) of the multiple-dwelling unit can be scaled at the same time by means of the surface-area expansion region (7).
5. Multiple-dwelling unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface-area expansion region (7) extends through at least one internal wall (8).
6. Multiple-dwelling unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
   the first and the second building module (4a, 4b) are unchangeable in terms of their configuration regarding layout and/or layout distribution and/or room distribution and/or façade aperture shape.
7. Multiple-dwelling unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
   multiple partition lines (5) and associated surface-area expansion regions (7) are provided in the multiple-dwelling unit.
8. Building arrangement (1) comprising a plurality of multiple-dwelling units, characterized in that
   the building arrangement (1) comprises at least one multiple-dwelling unit according to at least one of the preceding claims.
9. Building arrangement (1) according to Claim 8, characterized in that all of the multiple-dwelling units are multiple-dwelling units according to at least one of the preceding claims.

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