EP3070216A1 - Modular building - Google Patents

Abstract

A building 1 consists of a plurality of side by side and / or one above the other and with each other building units 2-5. An assembly 2-5 consists of rectangular bottom frame 6 and ceiling frame 7, which are connected in their corners 26-29 via vertical supports 16-19, with a minimum number of different profiles and components is used.

Description

The invention relates to a building consisting of a plurality of side by side and / or stacked and interconnected units.

The invention also relates to a corresponding structural unit.

With the increasing demand for living space as well as business premises standardized building methods are in demand. Buildings should be able to be set up and dismantled quickly, safely and flexibly. Costs for planning, building materials and not least the raising of the buildings should be reduced as much as possible. If buildings can always be built in a modular way using a recurring concept and using the same components, the associated considerable time savings also entail a massive reduction in construction costs.

According to these specifications, the present invention has the object to provide a building consisting of several units, which can be produced inexpensively and quickly in a largely standardized work and using modular components.

This object is achieved in that such a unit consists of four profile beams existing rectangular floor frame and a four profile beams existing rectangular ceiling frame, the floor frame and ceiling frame in their corners over vertical Supports and opposing profile support of floor frame and / or ceiling frame are connected to each other via stiffening rafters.

The invention realizes a basic concept, according to which only a very limited number of different components is necessary for the production of a building formed from several units. All components can be prefabricated with high precision on the workshop side, which considerably reduces the assembly work on the construction site. Nodes are easy to build. A kind of scaffold or frame for such a cubic unit provides a floor and a ceiling frame. Both are composed of four profile carriers and have a rectangular cross-section. Floor and ceiling frames are connected in their corners by vertical supports. To stabilize the floor and ceiling frame stiffening rafters are provided between each opposite profile beams. In any way and number of such units can be positioned above and next to each other. In the best case, such a frame-like unit and consequently the entire building comes with three profile shapes, a profile support, are formed from the floor and ceiling frame, from the two frame connecting columns and finally the stiffening rafters.

With regard to the latter, it is envisaged that the stiffening rafters associated with the floor frame and the stiffening rafters of a structural unit associated with the ceiling frame are arranged transversely to one another. In order to adequately stiffen such a cubic unit, the rafters to be positioned in the floor and ceiling frames are fixed transversely to each other in the respective frame.

It has already been mentioned that only three structural elements need be used to create such a unit. In this sense, the proposal is to be understood, according to which for the connection of floor frame and ceiling frame only in the corners positioned vertical supports serve, further constructive components are not required. This can be saved in comparison to previously known building systems quite a lot of components, vorderst diagonal struts, which, apart from the fact that it would be another type of device, are complicated to integrate into the structure and to form more complex and complex nodes to lead.

It is advisable to provide for the training of both floor and ceiling frame only one type of profile beams. It is intended, for example, that the profile support for floor frame and / or ceiling frame have a substantially C-shaped, inwardly open cross-section with a vertical outer web and a horizontal upper flange and lower flange. Such a profile forms a conclusion to the outside in the form of the outer bar. On the inside or inside the profile other components such as rafters or connecting plates can be well housed and fixed.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that at the top chord and / or bottom chord bending and at least one of the angled serving as a support, parallel to upper chord and lower chord extending web adjoins. Particular attention is paid to the horizontally extending web on the inside of the profile beam. This bar is used to hold floor or ceiling panels so that the support or a connection is already integrated in the profile carrier. In the area of the ceiling frame, such a bridge serving as a support can serve for connecting a stretch ceiling.

With regard to the formation of the support profiles between floor and ceiling frame is provided that these vertical supports one, two, three or four rectangular profiles which are interconnected on their outer sides. Depending on which type of bearing is concerned, such a vertical support with one, two or three further connected. An L-shaped right-angled profile of such a support with two equal length Thighs allows their connection on their outsides. If a node is formed on four abutting units on two floors, about the use of a four rectangular profiles profile is displayed.

The attachment of adjacent profiles is also very easy. It is proposed that for the connection of adjacent profiles, in particular profile carriers and vertical supports, serve fixing plates, which are insertable into the profile carrier and having a plurality of holes, which serve to receive fastening means and / or specify welding points. The connection between profile beams and vertical supports is thus accomplished via fixing plates, which, housed in the profile, are connected via a welded joint on the one hand with the profile beams and a screw on the other hand with the supports.

It is intended, for example, that a first sub-plate of the fixing plate has welding points predetermining outer bores and / or a central bore for receiving a fastening means. Such a fastener can then be used to connect adjacent profile carrier via a screw together.

In addition, it is provided that a second sub-plate of the fixing plate has at least one bore for fixing the fixing plate on a vertical support. Preferably two screws positioned one above the other are used to fix the vertical supports on the profile carrier. This solution too is a good example of the standardized construction that accompanies the present invention, in that the use of a minimum of components and elements leads to systematically produced nodes.

If the ends of the profile carrier have recesses in the region of the outer webs, space is provided for connecting the vertical supports to the profile carriers. Ie. the profile beams are at their ends only in Area of upper and lower belt continued, in the region of the outer webs remains a recess which corresponds to the support strut, so that they are grown there and preferably can be fixed by two superposed screws.

Another proposal provides that the profile carrier in the region of the vertical outer webs holes for the implementation of supply lines, etc. have. At regular intervals, a comparatively large bore is provided in the outer web of the profile support, can be easily performed by the supply and other lines and thus hidden.

Another design measure provides that the profile carrier in the region of the vertical outer webs support for facade parts, so that their positioning is already set in an advantageous manner.

Supports for fixtures such as walls, windows, etc. are formed in the structure according to the invention by the profile support. Nodes have two, in multi-storey design on four such profiles, which then form a kind of four-pack together. In order to be able to install walls in particular easily, safely and already perfectly aligned, it is recommended that the building walls have on their underside facing a support formed from profiled supports integrated magnets which interact with the profile carriers. At the lower end of such a wall is for this purpose an integrated magnet, which occurs in the region of the support formed by the profile carrier with these interacts and thereby adjusted itself between two adjacent profile beams. Any interference with the wall is eliminated thanks to the use of a magnet instead of fasteners such as screws.

This is the case in a particularly suitable manner when the magnets are centered on their lower side facing the profiled supports are. For this solution, it makes the invention to own that form with their backs abutting profile carrier on its upper side a small groove, which results from the folds, ie the not perfect right angle. Corresponding to such a groove formed then the magnet on its underside with the existing centering there, which significantly simplifies the installation by the magnet together with wall, so to speak finds its own position.

In addition, it is provided that the magnets are fixed via fastening means in the building wall. Sufficient free space for such a magnet remains exemplary in a construction with two wall shells, between which insulation material is housed, so here even on the underside of such a wall also slightly magnets, spaced over the length of the wall extending, are housed.

The invention is characterized in particular by the fact that a building formed of several separate assemblies / structures is created, the workshop side z. B. in the context of lasers, edges, drilling etc. using a minimum of components prefabricate and then quickly and safely install in the modular system on site. Every move is sort of standardized. There are only three types of carriers must be maintained, profile support for use in floor and / or ceiling frame, stiffening rafters for floor and ceiling frames and one or more vertical supports, which connect floor and ceiling frames together in the four corners of each unit , Adjacent building units are connected to each other in the area of the profile girders and additionally stiffen each other. At the same time allows this cubic training of units a z. B. 4 x 4 x 3m the modular structure of buildings that are not limited in size, because any number of such units can be connected together in a modular system. Spaces of different uses can be varied based on these units. The modular design even allows disassembly or retrofitting to other units in a very simple way too. Other components such as walls, windows, doors, stairs, facade components, etc., as well as plumbing, electrical cables, etc. can be easily and also integrate in standardized construction in the units. Thermal separations or the use of impact sound bands between adjacent profiles are easy to implement.

Figur 1

ein aus mehreren Baueinheiten gebildetes Gebäude,

Figur 2

eine Baueinheit,

Figur 3

mehrere Baueinheiten,

Figur 4

einen Profilträger in Seitenansicht,

Figur 5

eine senkrechte Stütze in Seitenansicht,

Figur 6

eine Aussteifungssparre in Seitenansicht,

Figur 7

einen Knotenpunkt an einem Deckenrahmen,

Figur 8

einen Knotenpunkt an einem Bodenrahmen,

Figur 9

die Verbindung zweier Profilträger,

Figur 10

die Verbindung dreier Profilträger,

Figur 11

die Verbindung von vier Profilträgern,

Figur 12

einen Profilträger mit Fixierplatte,

Figur 13

die Ecke eines Deckenrahmens,

Figur 14

eine Variante zu Figur 12,

Figur 15

einen weiteren Knotenpunkt,

Figur 16

eine Verbindung zwischen Profilträger und Sparren,

Figur 17

die Installation einer Wand mit Magneten und

Figur 18

einen Magneten.

Further details and advantages of the subject invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which a preferred embodiment with the necessary details and individual parts is shown. Show it:

FIG. 1

a building made up of several units,

FIG. 2

a structural unit,

FIG. 3

several units,

FIG. 4

a profile support in side view,

FIG. 5

a vertical support in side view,

FIG. 6

a stiffening spar in side view,

FIG. 7

a junction on a ceiling frame,

FIG. 8

a node on a floor frame,

FIG. 9

the connection of two profile beams,

FIG. 10

the connection of three profile beams,

FIG. 11

the connection of four profile beams,

FIG. 12

a profile carrier with fixing plate,

FIG. 13

the corner of a ceiling frame,

FIG. 14

a variant too FIG. 12 .

FIG. 15

another node,

FIG. 16

a connection between profiled beams and rafters,

FIG. 17

the installation of a wall with magnets and

FIG. 18

a magnet.

FIG. 1 shows a building 1 with a plurality of structural units, three of which are exemplified by the reference numerals 2, 2 'and 2 ". Illustrated in this illustration is already the systematic structure of such buildings with mutual support or stiffening, which can be constructed largely standardized. Once the skeleton or scaffolding of the building has been built, walls 48, windows 49, sanitary facilities or installations such as railings 30 can be installed in a very simple way with just a few steps.

FIG. 2 then shows such a scaffold-like unit 2, which can be produced in a completely standardized design and can even prefabricate largely workshop in high precision. Such a structural unit 2 comprises a base frame 6, formed by four profiled beams 8-11 positioned in a rectangle relative to one another. Virtually identical to the ceiling frame 7 is formed by four profile support 12-15. To stiffen the floor frame 6 and ceiling frame 7 serve stiffening rafters 20-22 and 23-25. It will be appreciated that the stiffening rafters 20-22 of the floor frame 6 are aligned transversely with the stiffening rafters 23-25 of the ceiling frame 7 to provide additional stability to this structure. Connected floor frame 6 and ceiling frame 7 in the corners 26-29 on vertical supports 16-19. Thus, the installation of such a unit 2 with only three types of supports or carriers, the profile carrier, the rafter and the vertical support, denoted by the reference numerals 8, 20 and 16 by way of example.

In FIG. 3 In addition, the interaction of the illustrated there four units 2-5 is explained. The units 2-5 stiffen each other by their arrangement next to each other or one above the other. Ie. Further compactness of a building produced in this way is achieved in that all units are pulled 2-5 in identical form, which significantly allows the connection of the units 2-5 with each other or simplified.

The three types of carriers are then in the Figures 4-6 illustrated. Shown is in FIG. 4 a profile support 8 for use in the ground or Ceiling frame. The profile carrier 8 has various holes 52, etc. for the implementation of supply lines, etc. and beyond support 53 for easier installation of facade components. The profile is not performed at its ends 50, 51 in the region of the outer web 31, so that upper flange 32 and lower flange 33 survive. In this way, space is created for the connection of the vertical struts.

This shows FIG. 5 a vertical strut 16 with various holes, one of which is exemplified by 70. Finally shows FIG. 6 a Aussteifungssparren 20, which is also prefabricated at its ends already for connection to the profile support of floor or ceiling frame.

A connection in the region of a ceiling frame 7 shows FIG. 7 , Visible are the two provided with the reference numerals 12 and 13 profile carrier, which abut one another in the region of the corner 26. At the end 50, the profile support 12 has a receptacle for the vertical support 16, that is, the outer web 31 does not extend to the end. Fixing means 59 etc. serve to fix the vertical support 16 with the profile beams 12, 13. Holes 47 for connection of adjacent profile beams are also prefabricated.

In addition shows FIG. 8 The connection of the vertical strut 16 in the region of the bottom frame 6. Fixing means 60 etc. are used to fix the vertical support 16. In the bottom frame 6, more precisely in the outer web 31 of the profile support 8 is integrated a support 53 for facade components not shown here.

The connection of two profile beams 8, 9 shows FIG. 9 , For such a simple node, on which only two profile beams 8, 9 abut, comprises a vertical support 16 only a rectangular, substantially L-shaped profile 36. Also indicated are the bottom plates 66, due to the prefabrication of the profile support 8, 9 with the already existing, installed in the profile support supports are very easy to install.

A somewhat elaborate building node shows FIG. 10 , in which the profile carrier 8, 8 ', 9, 9' abut, so that the use of a more complex support 16 of two at its rear side fixed profiles 36, 37 is necessary.

Finally shows FIG. 11 an even more complex node, as this is realized when connecting four units, that is, when each two units are connected side by side and one above the other. In this case, a vertical support 16 is used, which consists of four interconnected on its rear side profiles 36-39, so that the profile support 8, 9, 8 ', 9' and 8 ", 9" and 8 "', 9"'here with each other in FIG. 11 form illustrated node, as this is realized in a multi-storey building.

Special attention at FIG. 12 on the one hand on the fixing plate 40, the sub-plate 41 is inserted into the profile carrier 9. Four outer holes 43-46 in the sub-plate 41 serve as default of welds, the central bore 47 in the sub-plate 41 serves to receive a fastener for connecting adjacent profile beams. In the second part plate 42 beyond the offset 65 there are two holes, the two screws 61 and 62 are used to connect the profile beam 8, 9 with the vertical support 16. Further fastening means 63, 64 serve to connect additional profile carriers with the vertical support 16.

On the other hand, in FIG. 12 the profile of the profile carrier 8 recognizable. This profile comprises a vertical outer web 31, to which a top flange 32 and down a lower flange 33 connects. An angled portion 34, 34 'adjoins upper flange 32 and lower flange 33. In the area of the top flange 32, the profile is then continued and goes into a web 35, which is aligned parallel to the top flange 32 and for advantageously flush connection or installation of floor panels 66 or z. B. also serves stretch ceilings.

In perspective view shows FIG. 13 a ceiling frame 7, in which a fixing plate 40 is inserted, of which here the holes 45-47 in the region of the fixing plate 41 can be seen. Beyond the offset 65 then the fixing plate 42 can be seen with the fastening means 63, so that via the fixing plate 42, a connection between the profile carrier and support is realized. By way of example, 67 denotes a bore which can be used to connect a ceiling frame of the next higher floor.

Another variant shows FIG. 14 , this time a bottom frame 6 with a fixing plate 40, fixed via welding points 43-46 on the profile 8 and fastening means 62, 63 in the sub-plate 42 with the support 16. As support for the bottom plate 66 in turn serves a profile 8 associated web 35th

A turn more complex node then FIG. 15 in which FIG. 15 only the connection of the profile carrier 8 on the fixing plate 40 with the vertical support 16, more precisely, the profile 36 is illustrated by reference numerals.

A connection between profile beams 8, 12 and a stiffening rafter 20 is in FIG. 16 shown. The profile of the rafter 20 is used for this purpose in prefabricated recordings on the carriers 8, 12 and fixed.

FIG. 17 illustrates a solution for easy and accurate installation of a wall 54 of the building, taking into account or exploiting the two by a screw 69 interconnected profiles 8, 8 'formed node, which allows the installation of the wall 54 and what this on its underside 55th equipped with magnets 56. After placing or pushing the wall 54 on the profiles 8, 8 'centered the magnet 56 and thus the entire wall 54 in a sense even. For this purpose, a corresponding recess for the magnet 56 is provided in the insulating material 68, which there about screws is fixed. This is where the Invention to own, that in the area of the joint between the profiles because of the imperfect right angle his kind of small gutter 72 forms, resulting in the magnetic in the broadest sense positive connection between the magnet 56 and thus wall 54 on the one hand and the profile beams 8, 8th 'on the other hand allows.

This is additionally illustrated in FIG. 18 in which a magnet 56 is shown, which has a centering 57 on the underside 58.

Claims (16)

Building (1) consisting of a plurality of juxtaposed and / or stacked and interconnected units (2-5),
characterized,
existing that a structural unit (2-5) existing a four section bars (8-11) rectangular base frame (6) and a four-section beams (12-15) of rectangular ceiling frame (7), (wherein the bottom frame (6) and ceiling frame 7 ) in their corners (26-29) via vertical supports (16-19) and opposite profile support (8, 9, 12, 13) of the floor frame (6) and / or ceiling frame (7) via stiffening rafters (20-25) with each other are connected. Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the stiffening rafters (20-22) assigned to the floor frame (6) and the stiffening rafters (23-25) of a structural unit (2) assigned to the ceiling frame (7) are arranged transversely to one another. Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that vertical supports (16-19) positioned only in their corners (26-29) serve to connect floor frame (6) and ceiling frame (7). Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the profiled support for the bottom frame (6) and / or ceiling frame (7) has a substantially C-shaped, inwardly open cross section with a vertical outer web (31) and a horizontal upper flange (32) and bottom chord (33). Building according to claim 4,
characterized,
in that an upper bend (32) and / or lower run (33) has an angled portion (34, 35) and at least one of the angled portions (34) serves as a support extending parallel to Obergurt (32) and Untergurt (33) web ( 35) connects. Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the vertical supports (16) have between one and four rectangular profiles (36-39) connected to each other at their outer sides. Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
that for connecting adjacent profiles, in particular profile carriers (8) and vertical supports (16), fixing plates (40) are used, which are insertable into the profile support (8) and a plurality of bores (43-49), which for receiving Serve fasteners and / or specify welding points. Building according to claim 7,
characterized,
in that a first part plate (41) of the fixing plate (40) has weld points predetermining outer bores (43-46) and / or a central bore (47) for receiving a fastening means. Building according to claim 7,
characterized,
that a second sub-panel (42) has at least one bore for fixing the fixing plate (40) on a vertical support (16) of the fixing plate (40). Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the ends (50, 51) of the profiled support (8) for connecting the vertical support (16) recesses in the region of the outer webs (31). Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the profiled supports (8) have bores (52) for the passage of supply lines etc. in the region of the vertical outer webs (31). Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the profiled support (8) in the area of the vertical outer webs (31) support (53) for facade parts. Building according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that building walls (54) have integrated magnets (56) on their underside (55) which faces a support formed from profiled supports (8, 8 '), which magnets interact with the profiled supports (8, 8'). Building according to claim 13,
characterized,
that the magnets (56) on its side facing the profiled supports (8, 8 ') the underside (58) are provided with a centering (57). Building according to claim 13,
characterized,
that the magnets (56) are fixed via fixing means in the building wall (54). Building unit (2-5) for a building (1), consisting of a plurality of such units (2-5) to be arranged side by side and / or one above the other and to be connected to each other,
characterized,
existing that the structural unit (2-5) existing a four section bars (8-11) rectangular base frame (6) and a four-section beams (12-15) of rectangular ceiling frame (7), (wherein the bottom frame (6) and ceiling frame 7 ) in their corners (26-29) via vertical supports (16-19) and opposite profile support (8, 9, 12, 13) of the floor frame (6) and / or ceiling frame (7) via stiffening rafters (20-25) with each other are connected.

Images