Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
  • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
  • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
  • F23H1/02—Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H17/00—Details of grates
  • F23H17/02—End fittings on bars
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
  • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
  • F27D15/02—Cooling
  • F27D15/0206—Cooling with means to convey the charge
  • F27D15/0213—Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate
  • F27D15/022—Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate grate plates
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
  • F27D3/02—Skids or tracks for heavy objects
  • F27D3/022—Skids
  • F27D3/024—Details of skids, e.g. riders
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H2700/00—Grates characterised by special features or applications
  • F23H2700/009—Grates specially adapted for incinerators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
  • F23H2900/17001—Specific materials therefor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
  • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
  • F23H2900/17002—Detachable or removable worn-out parts

Definitions

• the invention relates to a grate bar front section and a matching grate bar back section, as well as a grate bar with the grate bar front section and / or the grate bar back section.
• Waste incineration is a collective term for waste disposal processes in which waste materials are incinerated.
• the waste incineration reduces the original volume of the waste.
• One method of waste incineration is grate firing.
• step grids and / or advancing grids can be used here.
• the grate consists of several rows of grate bars, usually laterally braced. The different rows of the grate overlap each other, the front section of the respective grate bars overlapping the rear section of the upstream grate bars in the conveying direction. In this way, a flat staircase is formed, on which the waste to be incinerated is pushed forward by an oscillating movement.
• EP 3 048 369 B1 discloses a grate bar of a moving grate for waste incineration.
• the grate bar is made in one piece from a ceramic composite material.
• ceramic base material is poured into a shell with a bottom and side walls made of sheet metal and a perforated support structure.
• the grate bar has a grate bar front section for receiving items to be fired and a rear section which is designed for attachment to a cross member.
• a grate plate with a Grundplat te is known, on the rear end of a wear bar 5 is pushed. With its front end, the wear bar engages in a gap extending in the longitudinal direction of the base plate and with its rear end it engages around the rear end of the base plate.
• a step grate for a clinker cooler in which one-piece grate plates are attached in rows next to one another on cross members. To fasten the grate plates, they are clamped to the cross member from below by means of a tension bolt each.
• the tension bolts each have an angled free leg at their upper end which engages in a complementary hook-like recess on the underside of the respective grate plate.
• the invention is based on the object of developing a light, inexpensive grate bar which promotes the processes on the grate and which can withstand high thermal and mechanical loads, such as occur, for example, in waste incineration reactors and cement clinker coolers.
• These two sections can be connected to each other to form a grate bar, for example according to claims 14ff.
• the grate bar can be designed for a waste incineration grate or also for a clinker grate and used as part of such. Further advantageous refinements of the invention are given in the subclaims.
• the grate bar front section hereinafter referred to as "front section” for short, can be mounted on a grate bar rear section, hereinafter referred to as "rear section” for short, for example as described in detail below.
• the front section can, for example, be attached to a support structure, for example a cross member, in the manner customary up to now.
• the front section can be attached to existing rear sections or directly to at least one supporting structure, for example to a cross member, of a grate.
• the front section has a refractory mineral material.
• the front section can consist of or have fireproof or highly refractory concrete, preferably ceramic. These materials make the front section insensitive to thermal, mechanical and chemical influences such as heat, abrasion or corrosion.
• the front section can at least essentially (i.e. more than 30%, better more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, more than 85% or more than 90%) consist of the refractory mineral material.
• ceramic is used as pars pro toto for a refractory mineral material.
• the ceramic can be provided with reinforcements, for example, made of steel fibers or other fibers and, moreover, the front section is preferably monolithic. Alternatively, only the deviss th centimeters of the top of the front section can be made of ceramic.
• the front section has an upper side, a lower side, a front side, two narrow sides, a rear side, and a grate bar longitudinal axis extending parallel to the upper side through the front side and the rear side.
• the names of the sides relate to the conveying direction of the grate, ie to the installation position of the grate bar in the finished grate.
• the grate bar longitudinal axis extends in the installed state of the grate bar preferably at least approximately parallel to the conveying direction (ie it forms an angle of ⁇ 20 ° with the conveying direction, preferably ⁇ 10 °, particularly preferably ⁇ 2.5 °, or is parallel to the conveying direction).
• the upper side can accommodate the material to be processed, be it material to be burned (such as garbage or wood chips) or cement clinker to be cooled (clinker for short).
• the space above the surface is therefore called a reactor for the sake of simplicity, even if chemical processes do not necessarily take place there.
• the material to be processed can be transported on the top by an oscillating movement of the grate bars in the direction of the front.
• the top side can be in direct contact with the material to be processed and can be exposed to extreme thermal and chemical loads.
• the underside is the side of the front section facing away from the top.
• the top and bottom are connected to one another by the front, the back and the two narrow sides.
• the front side points in the direction of conveyance and is opposite the rear side.
• the two narrow sides connect the front with the back.
• the front sections of a row of grids are referred to here as adjacent, the rows of grids extending orthogonally to the conveying direction.
• An (imaginary) grate bar longitudinal axis of the front section runs through the front and the rear.
• An (imaginary) grate bar vertical axis runs orthogonally to the grate bar longitudinal axis and orthogonally to the at least approximately planar upper side.
• An (imaginary) grate bar transverse axis then extends, as usual, orthogonally to the two on their axes through the narrow sides and, in the assembled state, corresponds to the longitudinal direction of a grate bar row and the transverse direction of the grate.
• the front side delimits the front section in the conveying direction, has a common edge with the upper side and the lower side and is, for example, preferably flat, but it can in principle also have other geometries.
• the back is on the facing away from the front Side of the front section and, like the front, consequently has a common edge with the top and the bottom.
• the rear side can serve as a contact surface for the rear section and / or a support structure of the grate.
• the narrow sides each have a common edge with the front and the back, as well as the top and the bottom.
• the narrow sides preferably extend at least approximately parallel, i.e. ⁇ 20 °, preferably ⁇ 10 °, particularly preferably ⁇ 2.5 ° or parallel) to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar.
• At least one recess can extend from an opening in the underside in the direction of the upper side.
• the recess does not necessarily end in an opening in the upper side, but preferably below the upper side.
• the recess can preferably be a blind hole.
• the recess preferably has at least one contact surface on the boundary of the recess facing the rear or the front.
• the contact surface can then introduce a force acting in the direction of the rear or front side, for example in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, into the front section.
• the contact surface is preferably convex or flat. Then compressive forces can be introduced into the ceramic of the front section in a manner that is gentle on the material via the form fit or force fit. This increases the service life.
• a channel can connect the rear or the front with the recess.
• the channel has a longitudinal axis given to before.
• the channel can, for example, have a cylindrical, in particular circular cylindrical contour, that is, be limited by a corresponding one telfact.
• the channel can preferably taper from the rear and / or from the front in the direction of the recess, for example continuously taper.
• the channel can also be at least partially open to the underside.
• the channel can, for example, as explained in more detail below, receive a bolt or another connecting element for fastening, preferably bracing, of the front section with a rear section.
• the recess offers an abutment for bracing the connecting element and also an access to the connecting element or to the channel.
• the channel therefore makes it possible, together with the recess, to connect the front section to a rear section and / or a front plate, preferably detachably.
• the rear section which is only subject to slight wear, can therefore be reused, for example if the corresponding front section is worn out or otherwise damaged and is replaced.
• the front section, the optional rear section and / or the one optional front panel can be manufactured from different materials, which enables the front section to adapt the optional rear section to their respective tasks in a cost-effective manner. The same applies to an optional front panel.
• the term bolt is used as a pars pro toto for a connecting element.
• the term bolt could therefore simply be exchanged for the term connecting element, but this in particular includes the typical connecting bolt, for example a threaded bolt.
• the ceramic makes the front section resistant to corrosion and wear. Ceramic also has a high permissible operating temperature. Due to the ceramic, the front section is dimensionally stable even under high temperature loads and also has a low specific weight. The disadvantages of the ceramic material are a rather low tensile strength and its brittle behavior. Therefore, the tensile stress exerted on the grate bar must be minimized. In contrast to the low tensile strength, ceramic and the other preferred refractory materials have a high compressive strength at high temperatures. With the bolt fastening described, the cable is Ramik of the front section is at least essentially only subjected to pressure by the fastening.
• the preferred tapering of the channel makes it easier to remove the front section from a mold, since the front section can be easily detached from the mold by pivoting and / or rotating movements and frictional forces are minimized.
• Another advantage of the optional tapering of the channel is that it makes it easier to mount it later on and to dismantle it from a complementary rear section or a front panel. For example, a bolt can be more easily inserted into the channel during assembly. Furthermore, a possibly fixed bolt can be released quickly and easily during dismantling by means of a swivel movement. The risk of the bolt sticking to the edge of the channel is greatly reduced, if not excluded.
• At least one gas line can preferably extend in the direction of the upper and / or front side and open into the upper and / or front side.
• the number of gas lines can vary as required (ie preferably at least one gas line, particularly preferably two, three or more gas lines).
• the at least one gas line connects at least one inlet in the rear and / or the front with at least one outlet in the top and / or front.
• the gas line can be used to cool the front section and, moreover, a process gas (“gas" for short) that heats up as it flows through it can be conveyed to the top of the front section through the gas line conveying, gas or gas mixture, e.g.
• the gas can be a cooling gas for cement clinker.
• At least a portion of the at least one gas line is preferably located above a plane which is parallel to the grate bar longitudinal axis and the grate bar transverse axis and also above the channel.
• the gas line is then arranged above the bolt for fastening the rear section. A gas flowing through the gas line therefore cools the area of the front section located above the bolt (or more generally the connecting element), so that the thermal load on the bolt is reduced.
• the service life of the bolt is increased accordingly, and it can also be dimensioned with lower safety margins.
• the gas line consequently enables gas located below the front section to be transported to the top of the front section.
• primary air can flow from the bottom of the grate to the top by means of the gas line, for example in a waste incineration plant.
• This primary air is heated in the process, ie it absorbs heat from the front section.
• the gas reaches the top of the front section at a higher temperature and less energy has to be used to heat the primary and / or secondary air.
• the gas line can have a circular cross section, but the cross section can also be oval, for example elliptical, or polygonal.
• At least one section of at least one insulation body can preferably be arranged between the channel and the top and / or preferably between the recess and the top.
• the number of insulation bodies can vary (ie preferably one insulation body, particularly preferably two, three or more insulation bodies).
• the insulation body is made of a material with a lower thermal conductivity than the ceramic surrounding it and can be a rod-shaped body, for example. Such a body can easily be put in insert a mold and thus simply bring it into the front section. Mineral wool and / or air, for example, can be selected as the insulating medium.
• the insulation body reduces the heat input into the section below and thus acts as a thermal barrier. In this way, the thermal load exerted on a bolt lying in the channel can be reduced.
• the at least one insulating body can preferably be arranged between the gas line and the channel and / or the recess. As a result, the heating of the gas flowing through the gas line is not reduced and the heat input into the area of the duct is further reduced.
• the insulation body is rod-shaped, its rod longitudinal axis can extend at least approximately (preferably ⁇ 10 °, particularly preferably ⁇ 2.5 ° or exactly) in the direction of the grate rod longitudinal axis and / or the channel longitudinal axis, in particular here the insulation body can, for example, above the Channel are arranged and thus protect the channel and the optional bolt particularly efficiently from the heat on the top.
• the or another insulation body is at least approximately oriented orthogonally (i.e. ⁇ 20 °, preferably ⁇ 10 °, particularly preferably ⁇ 2.5 ° or orthogonally) in relation to the grate bar longitudinal axis. This variant is particularly easy to manufacture and good thermal protection of the channel and the bolt can be achieved by a plurality of insulation bodies arranged next to one another.
• the insulation body can have a circular cross section, but the cross section can also be oval, for example elliptical, or polygonal.
• the insulation bodies can be arranged tangentially, overlapping or preferably next to one another, for example spaced apart from one another and / or at least close to one another. be arranged approximately parallel to each other (within ⁇ 10 °, preferably ⁇ 5 °, particularly preferably ⁇ 2.5 ° or less).
• At least one gas passage preferably extends from an inlet in the lower side, in the direction of the upper side and ends in an outlet in the upper side.
• the number of gas passages can vary as required (i.e. preferably one gas passage, more preferably two, three or more gas passages).
• the at least one gas passage enables gas located below the front section to be transported to the top of the front section.
• the gas can, for example, be a process gas for processes taking place on the upper side of the grate, for example air or another gas or gas mixture that promotes combustion.
• primary or secondary air can flow from the bottom of the grate to the top by means of the gas passage, e.g. in a waste incineration plant.
• the gas passage allows a uniform introduction of process gas into the reactor or cooling space arranged above the front section; the processes in the reactor therefore run more uniformly, and it is operated more economically.
• the gas passage may be tilted towards the front with respect to the inlet.
• the gas passage can have a longitudinal axis which is tilted in the conveying direction, i.e. in the direction of the front side and which forms an acute angle with the upper side. This promotes even combustion on the grate surface.
• the process gas is fed to the processes in the reactor (combustion, cooling, etc.) particularly evenly.
• the gas passage is preferably curved in the direction of the front side at least in an area adjoining the upper side. If a tangent is applied to the lower side of the gas passage in the Be adjacent to the upper side rich at a contact point, this tangent forms a pointed one Angle with the top. As the distance between the contact point of the tangent and the outlet decreases, the value of the angle formed by the tangent and the upper side preferably decreases, particularly preferably continuously. In particular, the underside of the gas passage at the outlet can merge continuously into the upper side. By tilting and / or bending the gas passage, the gas can flow out in the direction of the conveying direction and is applied to the surface in the conveying direction. All of these measures therefore further make the processes in the reactor more uniform.
• At least one optional gas channel can extend from an inlet in the recess, in the direction of the top and / or front side and ends, for example, in at least one outlet in the top side and / or front side. At least part of the inlet of this gas channel can be arranged in the area of the longitudinal axis of the channel.
• This gas channel can receive a cooling fluid (for example a process gas) which flows over a surface of a bolt (or another connecting element) seated in the channel with a rear section after assembly and cools in the process.
• the bolt can be a hollow bolt, the axial recess of which is traversed by the cooling fluid.
• the cooling fluid can flow over at least part of a lateral surface of a connecting element.
• the cooling fluid e.g. a cooling gas
• the cooling fluid then flows from the underside of the grate bar through and / or over the bolt (as pars pro toto for a connecting element) and optionally via the gas duct, e.g. to the top of the front section, whereby the bolt can be cooled particularly effectively.
• the opening of the recess on the underside can be at least partially closed after assembly. A reduction in the diameter of the opening can be achieved, for example, by means of a plug with a passage smaller in diameter than that of the opening of the recess. If you leave out the passage in the plug, the opening is completely closed.
• the gas passages can have webs, for example, which support the stability of the front section, but do not impair the gas flow, or not impair the gas flow to any significant extent.
• the webs can for example extend from the bottom to the top.
• the upper side of the front section can have a greater longitudinal extent than the lower side. Due to the difference in length, the back has an overhang.
• the rear side can form an at least approximately right angle with the underside, for example (within ⁇ 25 °, preferably ⁇ 10 °, particularly preferably ⁇ 2.5 ° or better).
• the rear side can connect tangentially to the upper side.
• the back can be stepped or curved to connect the top to the bottom.
• the rear side is preferably continuously curved. The curvature can therefore vary.
• the overhang can serve as a thermal and / or chemical shield for the rear section.
• the rear section can therefore be made from easily processable, less temperature-resistant materials such as sheet steel.
• At least a section of the overhang can be located above the rear section and thus protect the rear section from the thermal and chemical stress emanating from the top.
• the grate bar back section ie the "rear section” for short, can be mounted on a front section, for example as described in detail below.
• the rear section can be made of metal It can, however, also be constructed from more or fewer individual components.
• the middle part can, for example, be an angle profile with a first leg and with a second leg.
• the first leg and the second leg are at least approximately orthogonal (ie 90 ° ⁇ 20 °, preferably 90 ° ⁇ 10 °, especially preferably 90 ° ⁇ 2.5 ° or orthogonally (90 °)) aligned to one another.
• the common edges of the two legs preferably run parallel to the transverse axis of the grate bar (when installed as intended).
• a leg preferably has at least one through hole and / or preferably at least one through opening (ie one through opening, preferably two, three or more through openings).
• One of the two side elements is attached to each of the two long sides of the middle part.
• the narrow sides correspond to the long sides of the legs.
• the side elements can be cut or punched very easily, e.g. from sheet steel, and, like the middle part, can be manufactured very cheaply. Reinforcements can be introduced through folds. The expensive cast steel technology otherwise required for grate bars can be dispensed with. Alternatively, the rear section can also be designed as a cast part.
• the contour of the side elements is preferably adapted to cross struts of a Rostun terkonstrutation, so that the grate bars with the rear sections can easily be hooked into the cross struts.
• the side parts can preferably each have at least one cutout into which a cross member engages from below in the assembled state.
• the side elements can be fastened to the middle part, for example, by gluing, clamping, screwing or preferably by welding.
• the middle part of the grate bar back section can have a third leg.
• the third leg can, for example, have a common edge with the second leg.
• the first leg is between the second and the third vision kel sits, ie the first leg is the middle leg which preferably has the above-mentioned through hole.
• the third leg is preferably at least approximately parallel (ie ⁇ 20 °, preferably ⁇ 10 °, particularly preferably ⁇ 2.5 ° or parallel) aligned with the second leg, both together with the first in this Sin ne at least approximately form a Z- Profile, ie their free ends point away from each other.
• the front section can be connected to the rear section to thereby form a grate bar.
• the connection is particularly preferably releasable, since the less stressed rear section can then be reused particularly easily.
• the rear section is optional; the front section can also be attached directly to a supporting structure.
• the connecting element described above can be used for this purpose, for example.
• the middle part of the rear section can rest at least in sections against the rear side of the front section, preferably rest flat.
• At least the first limb i.e. the first, second and third limb, preferably the first limb, particularly preferably the first and / or third limb
• the middle part can lie against the rear side.
• the middle part can rest on the rear side at at least three different points (preferably flat).
• the lower side of the front section can rest on the third leg.
• the bolt can be a threaded bolt that has either a threaded pin (partially threaded bolt) or a full thread. In this
• the bolt can also be a screw.
• the bolt can be inserted into the through hole in the middle part on the rear side.
• the bolt can be received by the channel and end in the recess.
• the term bolt stands as pars pro toto for a connecting element.
• the bolt can be connected, for example braced, to a pressure plate resting against the contact surface.
• the bolt and the pressure plate can be connected in a non-releasable manner, for example by means of a material connection or pressing (as an example of a force-locking connection).
• the bolt and the pressure plate are preferably connected in a form-fitting and releasable manner.
• the pressure plate can, for example, be a nut with / without a washer or a plate with a connecting part provided for a connection.
• the attachment can be done for example by a bayonet lock, a connecting element with barbs or by a thread.
• the bolt can, for example, be solid or designed as a hollow bolt.
• the bolt can have a through-channel extending along the bolt axis with a proximal inlet and a distal outlet.
• the distal outlet can end in the mouth area of a gas channel that communicates with the upper side of the recess.
• proximal and distal relate to the position of the bolt in relation to the through hole of the first leg or the rear of the front section.
• the proximal end is consequently located on the through hole of the first leg or on the rear side of the front section.
• the distal end here denotes the end removed therefrom, in other words the part of the bolt which ends in the recess.
• the hollow bolt has the advantage that a gas flowing through the hollow bolt can cool the bolt. In this way, the thermal load acting on the bolt can be further reduced and the service life of the bolt can be further increased.
• the hollow bolt and its distal outlet in the area of the inlet of the gas channel allow, as already described with reference to the gas line and the gas passage, a transport of gas located below the front section to the top of the front section.
• primary or secondary air can flow from the underside of the grate to the top by means of the gas duct, for example in a waste incineration plant. This primary or secondary air he warms up, that is, it absorbs heat from the front section.
• tangents are of course an imaginary tangent that extends orthogonally to the grate bar transverse axis or parallel to the grate bar transverse axis.
• Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a grate bar in the assembled state.
• FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the grate bar according to FIG. 1.
• FIG. 3 shows the top view of a further grate bar.
• FIG. 4 shows the underside of the grate bar according to FIG. 3.
• FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of a detail of the grate bar according to FIGS. 3 and 4.
• FIG. 6 shows, schematically simplified, the rear end of a further variant of a grate bar.
• FIG. 7 shows a view of a rear section of yet another grate bar front section.
• FIG. 8 shows a perspective partial section of the grate bar front section according to FIG. 7 with a grate bar back section.
• FIG. 9 shows, schematically simplified, the rear end of a further grate bar.
• FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of the grate bar according to FIG. 9.
• FIG. 11 shows, schematically simplified, the rear end of yet another grate bar.
• FIG. 12 shows an exploded view of the grate bar according to FIG. 11.
• FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a grate bar 1 with a front section 10 and a rear section 20.
• the front section 10 and the rear section 20 are detachably connected with a connecting element 30, which is shown here as a bolt 30 by way of example.
• the front section 10 has a front 16, a rear 18, a top 14 and a bottom 12.
• the bottom 12 has an optional shoulder 13.
• the upper side 14 of the front section 10 has, for example, an optional slot-shaped outlet 69 and three optional circular outlets 64, 65, which are explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
• the number of outlets 64, 65, 69 is only exemplary, i.e. to be understood as preferably at least one outlet. The outlets can also be omitted.
• the upper side 14 preferably has a greater longitudinal extent along the grate bar longitudinal axis 2 than the lower side 12, as a result of which the rear side 18 has an overhang which covers part of the upper side of the rear section 20.
• the rear section 20 preferably has a central part 22, a first 39ele element 24 and a second side element 26, which can be made inexpensively from sheet steel, for example.
• the rear portion 20 can also be made in one piece or consist of a different number of individual components.
• FIG. 2 a longitudinal section of the grate bar described in FIG. 1 is shown.
• the grate bar 1 has a front section 10 and a rear section 20.
• the front section 10 has a top 14, a bottom 12, a front 16 and a rear 18.
• the front section 10 extends along a grate bar longitudinal axis 2.
• the underside 12 can have a shoulder 13 in a section adjoining the front side 16.
• a tensioning means 50 can completely or partially penetrate the front section 10 in the transverse direction.
• the front section 10 preferably has at least one transverse hole in its front third for receiving at least one clamping means 50.
• the transverse hole can be designed as a through hole or as a blind hole.
• the optional clamping means 50 can clamp the grate bar 1 with further, adjacent grate bars, so that a row of grates can be formed.
• the upper side 14 can have a larger longitudinal extent along the grate bar longitudinal axis 2 than the lower side 12. Due to the optional difference in the longitudinal extent of the upper side 14 and the lower side 12, the rear side 18 can limit an optional overhang downward.
• the rear side 18 can preferably have a planar partial surface which has a common edge with the upper side 14.
• a preferably curved second sub-area of the rear side 18 connects to the planar sub-area and connects the first sub-area to the lower side 12.
• the underside 12 can have an opening. Starting from the opening, a recess 70 extends in the direction of the upper side 14.
• the recess 70 is shown here as a blind hole by way of example and preferably has a bearing surface 71 delimiting the recess in the direction of the rear side.
• an optional channel 32 extends into the recess 70 along a channel longitudinal axis 33.
• the channel 32 can preferably taper starting from the rear side 18 in the direction of the recess 70.
• the front section 10 can have at least one optional gas line 60, at least one optional gas duct 61 and / or at least one optional gas passage 68.
• Both the gas line 60 and the gas channel 61 and the gas passage 68 each allow gas (or another fluid) located below the front section 10 to be transported to the upper side 14 of the front section 10.
• the fluid flows (provided a corresponding pressure gradient is used ), due to the gas line 60, gas channel 61 and gas passage 68 inclined in the direction of the front side 16, obliquely to the surface 14, whereby the flow in the direction of the front side 16 is applied to the top side 14.
• the optional at least one gas passage 68 extends from an inlet 67 in the bottom 12 to an outlet 69 in the top 14, where the inlet 67 can have a larger diameter than the gas passage 68, whereby the flow velocity in the gas passage 68 increases towards its outlet, which prevents the diarrhea of material located on the upper side 14 and at least prevents the gas passage 68 from being clogged by material penetrating from above.
• the gas passage 68 is preferably curved in the direction of the front side 16, as shown, at least in a region adjoining the top side 14. In an alternative variant, the gas passage can also be not curved. A tangent 80 can be drawn on the lower side of the gas passage 68.
• This tangent 80 forms an acute angle 82 with the upper side 14.
• the outlet 69 is shown here as an example of a slot, the longitudinal direction of the slot preferably running at least approximately parallel (within ⁇ 10 °, preferably ⁇ 5 °, 2.5 ° or better) to the grate bar transverse axis 4.
• the at least one optional gas channel 61 extends from an inlet 63 in the recess 70 to an outlet 65 in the upper side 14, the inlet 63 preferably being able to have a larger diameter than the gas channel 61.
• the outlet 65 has a circular shape here, for example Cross-section.
• a gas line 60 extends from an inlet 62 in the rear side 18 to an outlet 64 in the top side 14.
• a second optional gas line, the outlet 64 of which also opens into the top side 14, is covered by the front section 10.
• the gas lines 60 are located above a plane that is paral lel to the grate bar longitudinal axis 2 and the grate bar transverse axis 4 and also above the channel 32 is arranged.
• the outlets 64 here have, for example, a circular cross-section (other cross-sections are also possible, in particular oval or polygonal cross-sections).
• Eight optional insulation bodies 66 are aligned parallel to one another, preferably at least approximately orthogonally to the grate bar longitudinal axis 2 (within ⁇ 10 °, preferably ⁇ 5 °, 2.5 ° or better).
• the Isolationskör by 66 are arranged in the example shown above the channel 32 and the recess 70 and thus protect the bolt 30 and the pressure plate 40 in the channel 32 and the recess 70.
• the number of insulation bodies 66 is also to be understood as an example, ie they can be left out, before- however, at least one insulation body 66 is preferably implemented, which is preferably arranged above the channel 32, ie the at least one insulation body is preferably arranged as a heat shield above the channel 32.
• the longitudinal section of the rear section 20 shows the middle part 22 and a first side element 24.
• the middle part 22 here has, for example, a first leg 220, a second leg 221 and a third leg 222.
• the rear section can, however, also be designed with more or fewer individual components.
• the first side element 24 of, for example, a three-part rear section is fastened to the middle part 22; this can preferably be done by a material connection, for example by gluing or preferably welding.
• the side elements each form a receptacle for a cross member of a grate substructure, on which the rear sections 20 rest with their side elements 24, 26 (see FIG. 1).
• the middle part 22 can rest on the rear side 18 in the area of the transition from the first leg 220 to the second leg 221 and in the area of the transition from the first leg 220 to the third leg 222.
• the middle part 22 can, for example, also lie flat or not at all on the rear side 18.
• the first leg 220 can have at least one through opening 62 ′ (shown as an example are two through openings 62 ′) and at least one through hole 21.
• the through channels 62 ' are arranged in the region of the inlet 62 and an inlet 62 covered by the central part 22. In this way, despite the mounted rear section 20, a gas can flow through the gas line 60.
• the through hole 21 is arranged in the region of the opening of the channel 32 on the rear side 18.
• the bolt 30 is received from the through hole 21 and the channel 32 men.
• the bolt 30 can have a through channel 34 along the channel longitudinal axis 33, a proximal inlet 31 and a distal outlet 35.
• a pressure plate 40 is located in the recess 70, the pressure plate 40 resting against the contact surface 71.
• the bolt 30 is releasably connected to the pressure plate 40, whereby the front portion 10 and the rear portion 20 are releasably connected ver.
• the distal outlet of the bolt can be located in the mouth area of the inlet 63 and the proximal inlet is located on the central part 22.
• the proximal inlet 31, the through-channel 34 and the distal outlet 35 enable a gas to be transported from below the grate bar 1 through the Bolt 30 in the gas passage 61 up to the top 14 of the Frontab section 10.
• the flow through the passage 34 can be improved if the opening of the recess 70 is closed with a plug.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 show views of an embodiment of a grate bar similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The description of FIGS. 1 and 2 can therefore also be read on FIGS. 3 and 4 (and vice versa) with the exception of the deviations described below.
• the top view of the grate bar 1 (FIG. 3) shows the top 14 of the front section 10 and a plan view of the rear section 20.
• the top 14 can for example have two slot-shaped outlets 69 and for example two circular outlets 64, 65.
• the slot-shaped outlets 69 extend, for example, across the top 14, where transverse means that the slots run at least approximately parallel to the grate bar transverse axis 4 or at a small angle thereto.
• the circular outlets 64, 65 can be arranged centrally.
• the rear section 20 is located on the rear side 18 of the front section 10.
• the plan view of the rear section 20 shows the upper side of the second leg 221, as well as the upper sides of a first side element 24 and a second side element. elements 26.
• the side elements 24, 26 are fastened to the second leg 221 be.
• the underside 12 (see FIG. 4) of the front section 10 has a common edge with the front 16 and the rear 18. In the area of the front side 16, the front section 10 has a shoulder 13 (which can also be omitted).
• the underside 12 comprises two inlets 67 as an example of at least one inlet 67 and, starting from an opening in the underside 12, a recess 70 extends.
• the recess 70 can assume the function of a further gas inlet.
• the recess 70 comprises a contact surface 71 on which a pressure plate 40 is applied.
• the view of the underside of the rear section 20 shows a second limb 221, a third limb 222, a first side element 24 and a second side element 26.
• the underside 12 of the front section 10 rests on the third limb 222.
• the first side element 24 and the second side element 26 are attached at least to the second leg 221 (ie to the first, second and third legs 220, 221, 222, preferably to the second leg 221, particularly preferably to the first and second legs 220, 221 ).
• FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of a schematic partial view of a further embodiment of a front section 10 of a grate bar 1. Again, the description of FIGS. 1 to 4 can also be read on the embodiment according to FIG. 5 (and vice versa), with the exception of the following peculiarities.
• the partial view of the front section 10 in Fig. 5 shows the front 16, Obersei te 14, the bottom 12 and the recess 70.
• the bottom 12 has a paragraph 13 from.
• the longitudinal section shows a, in the direction of the front 16 curved, gas channel 61 and two equally curved gas passages 68 open.
• the two gas passages 68 each extend from an inlet 67 in the lower side 12 to an outlet 69 in the upper side 14.
• the optional gas channel 61 extends from an inlet 63 in the recess 70 to an outlet 65 in the upper side 14.
• Both the gas channel 61 and the gas passages 68 are each curved in an area adjoining the top 14 in the direction of the front 16.
• a tangent 80 can be applied to the lower side of the gas channel 61 or the gas passages 68. These tangents 80 each form an acute angle 82 with the upper side 14 (cf. FIG. 2). As the point of contact between the tangent 80 and the outlet 69 decreases, the value of the acute angle 82 formed by the tangent 80 and the top 14 decreases continuously and the gas channel 61 and gas passages 68 go continuously into the top at the respective outlet 65, 69 14 over.
• FIG. 6 shows, schematically simplified, the rear end of a grate bar 1 with a rear section 20 which was fastened to the rear 18 of a front section 10 via connecting means 30, 40.
• the front section 10 has a recess 70 in its lower side 16 which extends in the direction of the upper side 14.
• a channel 32 with a channel longitudinal axis 33 opens into the rear boundary of the recess 70.
• the connecting means 30, which is shown here as an example as a bolt, extends through the channel 32.
• the rear end 308 of the connecting means 30 passes through an opening 295 of the remindab section 10 and is in a form-fitting manner with a radial projection on this (with an optional spring ring, a washer, etc.).
• the front end of the connecting means 30 is connected here by way of example via a thread to a pressure plate 40 which is supported on the rearward limit of the recess 70, ie on a contact surface 71.
• a thread to a pressure plate 40 which is supported on the rearward limit of the recess 70, ie on a contact surface 71.
• other connection techniques pressing, wedging, material connection, etc. are also possible for screwing.
• the rear side 18 of the front section 10 in FIG. 6 has a concave segment 181 that is curved with a first radius.
• a leg of the rear section 20 with a convexly curved surface 226 rests on this first segment 181.
• connection element 30 serving as an elastic return element. Overloading of the ceramic front section 10, which would lead to its breakage, can thus be prevented.
• the rear section 20 in FIG. 6 is made in one piece, unlike in FIGS. 1 to 4.
• the rear section 20 shown in Fig. 6 can also be mounted on the front sections 10 according to Figures 1 to 4 and also enables the grate bar 1 to be suspended in a cross member of a substructure.
• the rear section 10 in FIG be exchanged according to one of Figures 1 to 5.
• the rear section 20 in Fig. 6 has a downwardly open profile 29, ie it has a downwardly open opening 28.
• the grate bar 1 for example, can be hooked into a cross member, other fastening options are also possible (e.g. Screwing, welding, etc.).
• the rear section 20 can at least approximately form and / or have a downwardly open U-profile 29.
• the free end of the rear first leg 291 of the profile preferably points at least approximately downwards.
• a middle leg 292 connects, which then merges into a front (third) leg 293.
• the front side of the front leg forms the convex one already described Area 226 from.
• the free end of the rear free leg of the rear section 20 preferably has a mounting recess 294 in the extension of the channel axis 33.
• the optional mounting recess 294 is preferably located in the extension of the opening 295 in the opposite leg 293, that is, when assembled, the mounting recess 294 is preferably at least seated approximately in the extension of the longitudinal axis 33 of the channel. This makes the rear end of the connecting element 30 easily accessible for an assembly tool.
• FIGS. 7 and 8 show an alternative front section of a grate bar front section 10 which can otherwise be designed as in FIGS.
• the description of FIGS. 1 to 4 and 8 to 9 also applies to FIGS. 7 and 8.
• the front section 10, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, in its front section in the Bottom 12 have a recess 70 which extends in the direction of the top 14.
• a channel 32 can extend along a channel longitudinal axis 33.
• the optional channel 32 connects the recess 70 in this example with the front side 16 and is shown here by way of example as a channel 32 that is open at the bottom, i.e. towards the underside 12.
• Such a downwardly open channel 30 can be manufactured particularly easily and improves the cooling of the connecting means 30.
• the channel 32 can also be designed as in FIGS. 1 to 6.
• the channels 32 according to FIGS. 1 to 6 can be designed as channels 32 that are open at the bottom.
• a front panel 160 can be fastened to the front 16 by means of the connecting element 30.
• section 306 of the connecting element 30 penetrates a recess in the front plate 160 and rests with a radial projection on the front 161 of the front plate 160 (here with an optional spring ring, a washer or the like in between).
• the rear end 308 of the connecting element can be supported on the wall of the recess 70 via a pressure plate 40.
• the pressure plate 40 is integrated into an optional runner 90 by way of example.
• the front side 16 of the front section 10 can have at least two segments 161, 162.
• the front plate 160 is at least approximately flush against at least one of the two segments 161, 162.
• the surface normal of this first segment 161 is preferably at least approximately parallel to the channel length axis 33. Accordingly, when the front plate 160 is braced against the front 16, at least essentially compressive forces are introduced into the front section 10. As shown, this first segment 161 can be followed by a second segment 162 angled relative to the first. An overhang can optionally be formed by the angling.
• the optional runner 90 can, for example, have a bracket with three legs 91, 92, 93, for example.
• One leg engages with a section which also at least partially forms the pressure plate 40 in the recess 70 in the front plate.
• An angled second leg 92 can adjoin this first leg 91.
• the second leg 92 can have an underside 922, which can then form the underside of the runner 90.
• the runner 90 With the underside 12 or with a section of the underside 12, the runner 90 can then rest on a support, for example in a displaceable manner.
• As a support for example, the top 14 of an upstream front section in the conveying direction can be used.
• the second leg 91 passes over a further angle preferably into a third leg 93.
• the runner 90 can support the front section 10 on its underside 12. In the example shown, the front section 10 rests on an upwardly facing end of the third leg 93, consequently.
• FIGS. 9 and 10 show, in a schematically simplified manner, a further variant of a grate bar in the assembled state (FIG. 9) or as an exploded view (FIG. 10).
• the grate bar 1 has a grate bar front section 10 and a grate bar back section 20.
• Optional gas ducts 61 and optional gas passages 68 as in FIGS. 1 to 8 are not shown in this variant for the sake of simplicity, but can also are provided.
• the front section 10 has in its rear third a recess 70 which is open towards the rear and towards the bottom (cf. FIG. 10).
• the recess 70 is bordered upwards and laterally by preferably ceramic material of the front portion 10 be. That is, the front section has at least one web 19 which limits the recess in the lateral direction.
• the webs 19 can, for example, be delimited on the inside by opposing inner surfaces 191 and on the outside by the side surfaces 15 of the front section 10.
• the two Ste ge 19 are each penetrated by a transverse channel 32.
• the two transverse channels have a common longitudinal axis 192.
• the recess 70 has the function of the channel 32 in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7 and could also be referred to as such.
• the transverse channel 32 has the function of the recess 70 in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7 and could consequently also be referred to as such.
• a preferably metallic hook 20 can be inserted into the recess 70, preferably at least approximately flush (cf. FIGS. 9 and 10).
• the hook 20 forms the rear section 20 here.
• the rear section 20 has, for example, a claw-like opening 28 which is open at the bottom and with which the grate bar can be suspended in a cross member.
• the rear section 20 also has a through hole 21, which is designed here as a transverse hole (cf. FIG. 10). In the assembled state (see. Fig. 9) sits a cross bolt 30 in the through hole 21 and the two transverse channels 32.
• the pivot angle of the remindab section 20 about the transverse axis 192 is limited by contact surfaces 71.
• the contact surfaces 71 delimit the recess 70 upwards or downwards.
• FIGS. 11 and 12 show, in a schematically simplified manner, a further variant of a grate bar in the assembled state (FIG. 11) or as an exploded view (FIG.
• FIGS. 11 and 12 This variant is very similar to the variant shown in FIGS.
• the description of FIGS. 9 and 10 can therefore also be read on FIGS. 11 and 12.
• the essential difference between the two variants is that the variant according to FIGS. 11 and 12 has two hooks 20 which together form the rear section 20. These two hooks 20 each sit in a recess 70 which, unlike in FIGS. 9 and 10, is also open on one side each, ie the front section 10 forms at least one web 19 with at least one through hole 32 between the two recesses.
• the two hooks 20 are each fastened in a recess 70 with a bolt 30.
• FIGS. 11 and 12 has two hooks 20 which together form the rear section 20. These two hooks 20 each sit in a recess 70 which, unlike in FIGS. 9 and 10, is also open on one side each, ie the front section 10 forms at least one web 19 with at least one through hole 32 between the two recesses.
• the two hooks 20 are each fastened in a
• FIGS. 9 and 11 can also be combined, ie for example three (or more) hooks 20 can be provided, each of which is seated in a recess 70, between which preferably at least one optional web 19 extends.
• the two lateral recesses 70 in FIGS. 11 and 12 can be closed laterally, for example by a further web 19 (cf. FIGS. 9 and 10).
• the bolt 30 was described here as a one-piece, ie one bolt fixes the hook or hooks 20.
• two or more bolts 30 can also be provided, which in FIGS. 9 to 12 serve like pins for absorbing forces acting in the radial direction.
• at least one bolt BO can be provided for each hook 20.
• bolt 30 should therefore be understood as “at least one bolt 30”.
• front section 10 Grate bar front section, in short: front section
• back section 20 Grate bar back section, in short: back section
• Profile 1 first profile leg 2 middle leg of profile 3 second profile leg 4 mounting recess 5 opening for connecting means 6 projection of bolt / connecting element 6 front section / front end of connecting element 8 rear section / rear end of connecting element proximal inlet channel channel longitudinal axis through channel distal outlet pressure plate clamping device gas line gas channel inlet ' Passage opening inlet outlet outlet insulation body

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-10-29 DE DE102019129171.2A patent/DE102019129171A1/de active Pending
• 2020
  • 2020-10-23 EP EP20800035.6A patent/EP3870898A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-10-23 CN CN202080076355.2A patent/CN114787559A/zh active Pending
  • 2020-10-23 WO PCT/EP2020/079867 patent/WO2021083797A1/de unknown
• 2022
  • 2022-04-25 US US17/728,581 patent/US11815265B2/en active Active

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