EP3841660A1 - Elektromagnetischer linearaktuator - Google Patents
Elektromagnetischer linearaktuatorInfo
- Publication number
- EP3841660A1 EP3841660A1 EP19758684.5A EP19758684A EP3841660A1 EP 3841660 A1 EP3841660 A1 EP 3841660A1 EP 19758684 A EP19758684 A EP 19758684A EP 3841660 A1 EP3841660 A1 EP 3841660A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oscillator
- stator
- linear actuator
- electromagnetic linear
- poles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
- H02K33/12—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
- H02K33/16—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
- H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
- H02K41/031—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors of the permanent magnet type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/24—Casings; Enclosures; Supports specially adapted for suppression or reduction of noise or vibrations
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator and a method for generating a mechanical movement, in particular a vibration, by means of an actuator.
- Linear actuators are used as standard to generate mechanical movements.
- a mechanical movement is preferably a continuous linear movement, for example a deflection of objects relative to one another. This can e.g. the function of a linear motor can be carried out and thus objects can be put into translation movements, for example. It is also possible to use the mechanical movement to generate a vibration and thus a haptic (and / or acoustic signal).
- electromagnetic actuators offer the possibility of carrying out individual, singular linear movements. In this way, for example, an actuator can be created and thus the function of a switch or a valve can be triggered.
- Solenoid actuators are currently frequently used as linear actuators.
- An exemplary prior art solenoid actuator 100 is shown in FIG. 1.
- the solenoid actuator 100 has a stator 40 and an oscillator 10 arranged within this stator.
- the stator 40 has an electromagnet 42 designed as a coil in the form of a hollow cylinder with a circular base area.
- the oscillator 10 has a permanent magnet 12 which has a solid circular cylinder shape.
- the permanent magnet 12 is a bar magnet with a pole 14, in the form of a south pole, on one side and an opposite pole 16, in the form of a north pole, on the other side.
- the electromagnet 42 is magnetized, in particular when there is a current flow through the coil, this has a magnetic pole 44 on one side and a magnetic pole 46 opposite the first magnetic pole on the other side.
- current flows through the coil such that pole 44 is a north pole and pole 46 is a south pole.
- permanent magnets 12 and electromagnets 42 have linear magnetization directions, which are parallel to one another and are located opposite one another, but are opposite in the direction. Due to the attraction of opposite poles of the permanent magnet 12 and the electromagnet 42, the permanent magnet moves along the arrow 60 relative to the electromagnet 42. This results in a mechanical movement that can be used, for example, for the function of an actuator.
- linear actuators of the prior art are distinguished by simple manufacture and / or assembly with simple mounting of the magnet. They also have a constant field intensity independent of the magnet position. Nevertheless, such linear actuators have numerous disadvantages. For example, there is only a low field intensity between the magnet and the coil. Furthermore, there is a small number of windings with constant resistance. This is because the electrical resistance depends, among other things, on the wire length of the coil, but the field strength depends on the number of turns.
- the object of the invention is to provide an optimized electromagnetic linear actuator. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method for generating a mechanical movement, in particular a vibration.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by an electromagnetic linear actuator according to claim 1 or by a method for generating a mechanical movement according to claim 22.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention has a first and a second element.
- One of the elements, in particular the first element is a magnetic oscillator with at least one magnet.
- the other element, in particular the second element is a magnetic stator with at least one magnet.
- the at least one magnet of the oscillator and / or of the stator can, on the one hand, be a magnet that is already magnetized in the initial state and thus has a north pole and a south pole.
- it can also be a device such as, for example, an electromagnet, which has no magnetization in the initial state.
- the magnetization takes place only through a further step, which ensures that a magnetic field is formed.
- the oscillator and / or the stator has a plurality of magnets, it is preferred that all magnets of the oscillator and / or of the stator each have parallel directions of magnetization. It is particularly preferred that the magnetization directions lie in one another and are therefore identical, but are independent of the direction.
- the first element and the second element are linearly movable relative to one another. If, for example, there is a relative attraction or repulsion of the first and the second element, the first element and the second element move relative to one another, preferably towards or away from each other.
- the Magnetization directions of the oscillator and the stator are parallel to each other.
- the magnetization directions of the oscillator and the stator lie in one another. Interlaced here means again that the magnetization directions are identical but independent of direction.
- Either the stator or the oscillator has two opposite, identical poles. Identical poles are either two south poles or two north poles. Opposing here means in particular that the two poles are in contact with one another and that there is an arrangement with opposite polarity.
- either the stator or the oscillator has two counter-polar magnets.
- the two north poles or the two south poles of these two magnets lie opposite one another, for example on the end face, so that the two magnets repel one another.
- Removal of the two magnets relative to one another due to the repulsion can preferably be prevented by fixing the two magnets relative to one another.
- An alternative or additional definition to the either opposite identical stator poles or oscillator poles is that either the oscillator or the stator has a singular pole in the middle. Thus, the oscillator or the stator only has a north pole or a south pole in the center.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator is designed in such a way that the magnetization of the stator or oscillator changes. Due to the change in the magnetization of the stator or oscillator, there is a relative movement between the oscillator and the stator, and thus preferably a mechanical movement. It is particularly preferred that the electromagnetic linear actuator is designed in such a way that this change in magnetization takes place continuously or continuously. If, for example, the stator or the oscillator has electromagnets, the electromagnetic linear actuator is designed in such a way that the current flow through the electromagnets is reversed and consequently the poles of the electromagnets change.
- the change in magnetization takes place in particular by means of one or more current sources and / or one or more control devices which the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention has in a preferred embodiment.
- the power sources can be, for example, batteries and / or rechargeable batteries and / or the power network.
- the first element is at least partially arranged within the second element.
- the first element is arranged completely within the second element, so that the outer dimensions of the first element are completely arranged within the inner dimensions of the second element.
- the second element is, for example, a hollow cylinder
- the first element which is preferably formed as a solid cylinder, is located within the inner circumferential surface of the hollow cylinder and does not protrude beyond the two base surfaces of the hollow cylinder.
- the second element preferably comprises the first element at least circumferentially.
- the first element preferably shaped as a solid cylinder, is located within the inner circumferential surface of the hollow cylinder, that is to say circumferentially encompassed by the second element, but it is possible that the first Element protrudes from the hollow cylinder, for example, on one or both base surfaces.
- the first element is essentially cylindrical.
- the cylindrical shape corresponds, for example, to a circular cylindrical shape, but other cylindrical shapes such as, for example, cuboid or prism shapes are also possible.
- the first element has the magnetic poles in the region of the cylinder base surfaces, preferably in the center of the cylinder base surfaces.
- the first element has an axially ale magnetization, preferably along the axis of symmetry of the cylinder extending according to the height.
- the first element preferably has a uniform cylindrical shape.
- the shape of the first element is symmetrical with respect to at least one plane of symmetry, preferably the transverse plane.
- the second element is substantially hollow-cylindrical.
- the hollow cylindrical shape here corresponds, for example, to a hollow circular cylindrical shape, but other hollow cylindrical shapes such as, for example, cuboid or prism shapes are also possible.
- the second element has the magnetic poles in the region of the cylinder base surfaces, preferably in the center of the cylinder base surfaces.
- the second element has an axial magnetization, preferably along the axis of symmetry of the hollow cylinder which extends according to the height.
- the second element can have a uniform cylindrical shape.
- the shape of the second element can be symmetrical with respect to at least one plane of symmetry, preferably the transverse plane.
- the second element is not uniform.
- the shape of the hollow cylinder here includes, in particular, a hollow cylinder shape that is open on one or both long sides, but hollow cylinder shapes that are closed on one or both sides are also possible. Accordingly, it is preferred that the hollow cylinder is hollow, at least on the inside.
- the second element has two hollow, preferably identical, half-cylinders, the second element consisting in particular of this.
- Half cylinder here preferably means the longitudinally divided half of a cylinder. It is particularly preferred that the cylinder or the half-cylinder essentially has a cuboid or semi-cuboid shape. It is preferred that the half cylinders are connected to one another and preferably form the second element in this way.
- the two are connected Hollow cylinder together in particular an essentially hollow cylindrical element.
- the two open sides of the half-cylinders face each other when they are connected.
- the two half cylinders are preferably arranged parallel to one another.
- the two half-cylinders are particularly preferably arranged offset from one another by 180 °.
- This offset of the two half cylinders relative to one another is carried out in particular about the width axis of the half cylinders. It is preferred that the half cylinders are closed on one side. In the case of half-cylinders closed on one side and offset by 180 °, it is preferred that the connected half-cylinders thus form a hollow cylinder shape of the second element which is closed on both sides. It is preferred that the two half-cylinders can be pushed one into the other and that this preferably results in a connection. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible for the half cylinders to snap together.
- the second element preferably on the inside, particularly preferably on the inner hollow cylinder surface, has a rib profile with at least one rib.
- the rib profile is preferably arranged in the longitudinal direction, in particular parallel to the longitudinal axis, of the second element.
- first element and the second element are coaxial with one another.
- At least one of the magnets is a permanent magnet.
- a permanent magnet is also called a permanent magnet.
- the permanent magnet can in particular be in the form of a bar magnet, preferably cylindrical and particularly preferably circular cylindrical.
- At least one of the magnets is an electromagnet.
- the design as a coil is particularly preferred as the electromagnet.
- the second element has at least two magnets arranged on the end face and coaxially to one another.
- the magnets are preferably designed as hollow cylinders and particularly preferably as hollow circular cylinders.
- the magnets in the face-end and coaxial arrangement are preferably designed with opposite polarity to one another. It is particularly preferred that the second element has exactly two magnets.
- the two magnets of the second element are made in one piece. In the case of the one-piece design, it is particularly preferred that the two magnets are formed from a, preferably single, coil, the coil, in particular in the center, having a change in the winding direction.
- one magnet is on one side of the change in winding direction and the other magnet is on the other side of the change in winding direction. Accordingly, two identical poles, that is to say two north poles or two south poles, of the two magnets lie opposite one another in the region of the change in winding direction.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention has at least one end element on one side, preferably in the outer end region of the linear actuator. It is particularly preferred that the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention has at least one terminating element on both sides of the electromagnetic linear actuator.
- the at least one end element is in particular arranged on the outer end region of the second element. With the arrangement on the outside End region of the second element, it is preferred that the end element is arranged on the end face of the second element.
- the at least one termination element preferably has at least one magnet.
- the magnet is preferably axially magnetized and the magnetization direction is in particular parallel, particularly preferably one inside the other, to the magnetization directions of the oscillator and / or the stator.
- the at least one magnet of the at least one terminating element is preferably designed as an electromagnet.
- the at least one termination element is designed with at least one magnet
- this magnet in each case has the same polarity or opposite polarity to the pole of the element, in particular the second element, on which this termination element is arranged. If, for example, the terminating element lies against the second element, preferably designed as a stator, two identical opposite poles of the terminating element and the second element lie opposite one another.
- the at least one magnet of the at least one terminating element is an electromagnet
- the electromagnet has an alternating polarity such that the change in polarity is in each case synchronous with the change in the element on which the end element is arranged. If, for example, a terminating element is then arranged on the second element, the second element being the stator, and if the stator changes its polarity, the at least one magnet of the corresponding terminating element also changes its polarity, so that in this case a polarity-reversed or polarity-reversed state of the terminating element relative to the element associated with the terminating element remains. It is preferred that the at least one end element is designed as a cover or as a hollow cylinder.
- the end element is in particular formed in one piece with the element on which this end element is arranged. If the end element is a cover, which is arranged, for example, on the second element, which is designed as a hollow cylinder, it is preferred that the cover closes the hollow cylinder. In the case of a one-piece design of the lid and hollow cylinder, the lid and hollow cylinder preferably have a type of pot shape. If the second element corresponds to the stator in the form of a coil, a type of pot coil is thereby formed in particular.
- the second element designed as a stator
- a cover is arranged on each of the two open coil sides, so that two pot cylinders arise with their open sides assigned to each other.
- the at least one end element is a hollow cylinder, this is preferably located face-to-face and coaxially on the element on which this end element is arranged. If this element is a hollow cylinder, a kind of elongated hollow cylinder is produced, with or without an interruption in between, the two hollow cylinders preferably having the same diameter.
- the end element When the end element is configured as a cover on a hollow cylinder, an object located within the hollow cylinder, for example the oscillator, cannot penetrate the cover and thus cannot leave the hollow cylinder on this side. In the case of an embodiment of the end element as a hollow cylinder, however, an object arranged within the hollow cylinder, for example the oscillator, can at least partially penetrate into the hollow cylinder of the end element and thus at least partially leave the element assigned to this end element.
- a combination of cover and hollow cylinder is also possible, so that in particular a cover is arranged on one side and a hollow cylinder on the other side. It is preferred that the at least one end element has at least partially a smaller circumference than the element on which this end element is arranged.
- the at least one terminating element particularly preferably has a T-shaped cross section, it being preferred that the longitudinal bar (
- the magnet of the at least one terminating element is designed as a coil which is wound around the longitudinal bar of the T-shape.
- the magnets of the at least one end element and of the second element are formed in one piece. It is particularly preferred that the magnets are formed by a coil, in particular a single coil.
- the linear actuator With a smaller coil diameter, more turns can be realized with the same wire length (same resistance), thus increasing the field strength. However, since the coil encompasses the oscillator, in particular with permanent magnets, this can only be achieved at the end regions of the stator. On the other hand, the field strength decreases considerably with increasing distance. It is therefore advantageous to implement the linear actuator with a magnetic stator in the form of a hollow cylinder and with a terminating element, for example compared to an implementation with a magnetic stator only with a terminating element.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention has a vibration damping device for damping the vibration of the first element relative to the second element.
- this can on the one hand only dampen the movement of the first element relative to the second element, for example from a certain movement radius of the first element relative to the second element.
- the freedom of movement of the first element relative to the second element is restricted.
- the Vibration damping device is formed in one piece with the second element.
- the vibration damping device preferably has at least one vibration damper on one side, preferably in each case at least one vibration damper on both sides, between the first and the second element.
- the arrangement on one or both sides means the outer areas of the elements.
- the second element which is in particular the stator, has an essentially hollow cylindrical shape, for example
- the first element which is preferably the oscillator, in particular in the form of a cylinder
- the vibration damper having a damping effect on the cylinder.
- the hollow cylinder has at least one vibration damper on each of the two base surfaces, which act on the cylinder and consequently hold the cylinder in a damping manner within the hollow cylinder.
- At least one of the vibration dampers is preferably a spring, in particular in the form of a coil spring, or a magnetic damper or a gas pressure damper or a hydraulic damper or an, in particular elastic, impact element.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator has several vibration dampers, any combination of the vibration damper types is possible.
- the vibration damper is a gas pressure damper, it can have a membrane within which the gas used for damping is arranged. Additionally or alternatively, the gas pressure damper can have valves, in particular controllable valves.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention has a connecting rod device, preferably connected to the first element, for transmitting a force from the electromagnetic linear actuator to the surroundings.
- the push rod device here consists of at least one push rod, in particular two push rods. The push rod device can cooperate, for example, for damping with damping elements arranged outside the electromagnetic linear actuator or will serve to transmit a mechanical force to the environment of the electromagnetic linear actuator.
- the first and / or the second element of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention has at least one iron core and / or at least one iron jacket.
- the bar magnet when designing the first element as an oscillator in the form of one or more permanent bar magnets, it is possible for the bar magnet to have an iron core in the center or for an iron core to be located between two, for example counter-polarized, bar magnets.
- the bar magnet it is possible within the framework of the iron jacket that the bar magnet has iron elements on both sides, for example in the form of veneers.
- the electromagnetic line actuator according to the invention is configured in such a way that if the first element has at least two counter-polar magnets arranged in series, then the second element has no counter-polar magnets arranged in series; and vice versa. If the design of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention is, for example, such that the second element has two coils which are arranged coaxially to one another, then two north poles or two south poles lie opposite one another. Are according to the example above If there are more than two coils, for example three coils, there are two north poles or two south poles opposite each other at the points at which the coils lie opposite one another.
- the stator has two identical starter poles on the outside on both sides, or the oscillator has two identical oscillator poles on the outside on both sides.
- the stator has two identical starter poles on the outside on both sides
- the stator overall has a singular pole in the middle, for example due to two identical poles lying opposite one another there.
- the oscillator has two identical oscillator poles on the outside on the outside
- this is reversed accordingly.
- the stator has two identical starter poles on both sides, that these identical starter poles are each opposed by an identical and an inverted oscillator pole. This is again the case in the embodiment in which the oscillator has two identical oscillator poles on both sides on the outside.
- the method according to the invention for generating a mechanical movement is in particular a method for generating a vibration.
- the method is carried out by means of an actuator.
- This actuator has a first and a second element, the one, in particular the first, element being a magnetic oscillator with at least one magnet, and the other, in particular the second, element being a magnetic stator at least one magnet.
- the actuator is designed such that the magnetization direction of the oscillator and the stator are parallel and preferably lie one inside the other.
- the method has the step of magnetizing, in which either the stator is magnetized in such a way that the stator has two identical starter poles lying opposite one another, or in that the oscillator is magnetized in such a way that the oscillator has two identical identical ones opposite one another Has oscillator poles.
- the magnetizing step is preferably carried out by introducing current into the at least one magnet of the oscillator or into the at least one magnet of the stator, these magnets in particular being electromagnets.
- the current is preferably introduced by means of a current source and / or control device. It is also possible that the one of the stator or oscillator that has not been magnetized in such a way that it has two identical poles lying opposite one another is also magnetized. In this case, however, such a magnetization is preferred that there are opposite different poles or a north pole on one side and a south pole on the other side.
- the method according to the invention preferably has a change in magnetization either of the oscillator in such a way that the oscillator poles are reversed, or of the stator in such a way that the stator poles are reversed.
- this change in magnetization can result in a relative movement between the oscillator and the stator due to the changing magnetic attraction. It is preferred that the magnetization change takes place continuously or continuously, so that there is a continuous or continuous oscillation of the oscillator relative to the stator.
- the actuator used for the method also has a terminating element, which is in particular arranged coaxially to the second element, at least on one side, preferably on both sides of the second element with at least one, in particular axially magnetized magnet.
- the further step of magnetizing this at least one magnet of the terminating element is preferably carried out in such a way that either identical or opposite poles of the terminating element and the second element result in opposition. This results in a polarity reversal or a reverse polarity of the terminating element with respect to the opposing second element.
- At least a magnet of the at least one terminating element is preferably an electromagnet, in particular a coil.
- the method according to the invention is carried out by means of a foregoing electromagnetic linear actuator.
- An essential advantage of the present invention in particular of the embodiment with at least one end element, preferably embodied as a cover, is that a very strong actuator is present, so that, for example, intensive vibrations can be generated.
- the actuator according to the invention enables a realistic click sensation, in particular in the case of stationary, capacitive user interfaces.
- a switch behavior, or the feedback of a switch or the like to a user can be imitated on surfaces by means of the actuator according to the invention, or the like.
- An additional aspect of the invention lies in an operating element with an actuator according to the invention as described above.
- haptic and / or acoustic signals which the actuator according to the invention transmits by means of mechanical movement, preferably vibration, in particular to the surface of the operating element, can be given to a user operating the operating element.
- Another aspect of the invention resides in a bicycle handle or a handlebar of a bicycle with an actuator according to the invention as described above.
- haptic information for example from navigation devices or the like, can be transmitted to the cyclist.
- a further aspect of the invention consists in a piece of seating furniture, in particular a gaming chair, with an actuator according to the invention as described above.
- the haptic signals to a user sitting on the seating furniture preferably in computer games, for example in the case of shots, explosions, etc., can thus increase the degree of immersion, particularly in the context of virtual reality.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a solenoid actuator of the prior art
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the electromagnetic linear actuator from FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 shows schematic sectional views of the electromagnetic actuator from FIG. 2 in motion
- FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic sectional view of the electromagnetic linear actuator from FIG. 5,
- FIGS. 7a to 7g are schematic sectional views of further embodiments of the electromagnetic linear actuator
- FIGS. 8a to 8d are schematic sectional views of further embodiments of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention.
- FIGS. 9a to 9d different views of a further embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention
- FIGS. 10a and 10b show different views of a further embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention.
- FIGS. 11a and 11b show different views of a further embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator 1 shown in FIG. 2 has an oscillator 10 with a permanent magnet 12.
- the oscillator 10 corresponds to the first element of the electromagnetic linear actuator 1.
- the permanent magnet 12 has a full cylinder shape, with a circle as the base.
- the oscillator pole 14 is located on one oscillator side 18, wherein it is a south pole (S). Accordingly, the other oscillator pole 16, embodied as the north pole (N), is located on the other oscillator side 20. Due to the design of the permanent magnet 12, there is no magnetic attraction from the center of the oscillator 22.
- the oscillator 10 is arranged to be linearly movable within the stator 40, which is the second element.
- the linear mobility is shown with arrow 60.
- the stator 40 consists of two hollow cylindrical electromagnets 42 ', 42 ", which are designed in particular as a coil.
- the electromagnet 42' is magnetized such that, for example by means of power sources and / or control units (not shown), that it is one has a north pole 44 'on the side shown on the left and a south pole 46' on the right side.
- the electromagnet 42 ' is opposite the electromagnet 42' coaxially and on the end face.
- the electromagnet 42 is magnetized in such a way that it has a south pole 44" on the left side and a north pole 46 "on the right side. Due to this arrangement of the electromagnets 42 ', 42", the stator 40 has in the middle two opposite, identical stator poles 46 ', 44 ", each of which is a south pole. Accordingly, the stator 40 has a virtual stator pole in the form of a south pole in the center 52. If there is a change in the magnetization of the two electromagnets 42 ', 42 "so that the north and south poles each swap their position, due to the magnetic attraction between stator 40 and oscillator 10, there is a linear relative movement along the direction of movement 60.
- FIG. 3 shows the electromagnetic linear actuator 1 from FIG. 2 in a schematic sectional view.
- the coil 43 'of the electromagnet 42' and the coil 43 "of the electromagnet 42" can be seen here schematically.
- FIG. 4 shows three states of the electromagnetic linear actuator from FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 shows the initial state.
- the electromagnets 42 ′, 42 ′′ have no magnetization, for example because they do not have current flowing through them.
- the oscillator 10 with the permanent magnet 12 is accordingly in the initial position, centrally within the stator 40.
- FIG. 4 shows a magnetization state of the electromagnets 42 ', 42 ", which corresponds to the state from FIG. 2. Due to the magnetic attraction force, the oscillator 10 with the permanent magnet 12 moves linearly along the direction of movement 62, in the form shown to the left.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention, this embodiment essentially corresponding to the embodiment from FIG. 2.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator 1 from FIG. 5 has two Closing elements 70, 72.
- the end element 70 is designed as a cover and, preferably in one piece, connected to the electromagnet 42 'on the side shown on the left. Electromagnet 42 'and cover 70 accordingly form a coil pot.
- the terminating element 72 is designed with an electromagnet 42 ".
- the terminating element 70 has an electromagnet 71, designed as a coil.
- the electromagnet 71 is magnetized such that the terminating element 70 is on the left-hand side has a south pole 74 and a north pole 76 on the right-hand side. Accordingly, the terminating element 70 has the same polarity as the electromagnet 42 ', so that the north pole 76 of the terminating element 70 is located opposite the south pole 44' of the electromagnet 42 ' -
- the existing magnetization of the electromagnetic linear actuator 1 has a virtual south pole 78 on the left side (as well as on the right side). If there is a change in the magnetization of the electromagnets 42 ', 42 "(based on FIG. 4), the magnetization change takes place synchronously Electromagnets 71, 73, so that the poles 74, 76, 44 ', 46', 44 ", 46", 74 ', 76' each have the opposite pole sen.
- the embodiment from FIG. 7a essentially corresponds to the embodiment from FIG. 6 (and FIG. 5).
- the embodiment from FIG. 7a has a terminating element 70 with an electromagnet 71, the terminating element 70 being reverse-polarized with respect to the electromagnet 42 '.
- the terminating element 70 and the electromagnet 42 ' there are two identical poles, namely the south pole 76 of the terminating element 70 and south pole 44 'of the electromagnet 42' opposite.
- Due to the magnetization of the electromagnetic linear actuator 1 from FIG. 7a the latter has a virtual north pole 78 on the left-hand side (and on the right-hand side).
- a virtual one is located between the terminating element 70 and the electromagnet 42 '(and the terminating element 72 and the electromagnet 42 ") South Pole 79.
- the embodiment from FIG. 7a differs from the embodiment from FIG. 6 in the end effect, in particular because of the active virtual poles at the end elements, which are shown as south poles. In the embodiment from FIG. 7a, this leads to a somewhat lower effect size compared to the embodiment from FIG. 6. With maximum deflection of the oscillator 10, however, this can be advantageous if, for example, the maximum deflection cannot be achieved, e.g. due to at least one damper (see Figures 8a - 8c).
- the embodiment from FIG. 7b essentially corresponds to the embodiment from FIG. 7a.
- the terminating element 70 from FIG. 7b is not designed as a cover, but rather as a hollow cylinder 70 with a coil 71. With a relative movement between the oscillator 10 and the stator 40, the oscillator 10 can consequently move, at least partially, out of the stator 40 and penetrate into the terminating element 70.
- the effect size of the variants with at least one end element 70 in the form of a hollow cylinder is significantly less than designs with an end element in the form of a cover (for example FIG. 7a).
- the design however, enables very simple assembly due to the open design and, in particular, due to a constant inner diameter.
- soft oscillation of the oscillator 10 is made possible without additional damping.
- the embodiment from FIG. 7c essentially corresponds to the embodiment from FIG. 6 (and FIG. 5).
- the oscillator 10 has not only one permanent magnet 12 but two permanent magnets 12 ', 12 ".
- An iron core 30 is arranged between the two permanent magnets 12' and 12" in order to optimize the magnetic force.
- the embodiment from FIG. 7d essentially corresponds to the embodiment from FIG. 6 (and FIG. 5).
- the permanent magnet 12 from FIG. 7d which is in particular of less width, has an iron jacket in the form of two iron jacket elements 32 ', 32 "on both sides. This allows the magnetization to be optimized.
- the ferrite cores (for example from FIGS. 7c and 7d) make it possible, in particular, to implement inexpensive flywheels.
- the embodiment from FIG. 7e has three electromagnets 42 ', 42'"arranged coaxially in series, the electromagnet 42 'being reverse-polarized to the electromagnet 42" and the electromagnet 42 “being reverse-polarized to the electromagnet 42'”.
- the identical stator poles 46 ', 44 face each other between the electromagnet 42' and the electromagnet 42", each of which is a north pole.
- the identical opposite stator poles 46 ", 44 '" are south poles. Accordingly, there is a virtual north pole at position 52 'between electromagnets 42', 42 "and a virtual south pole at position 52" between electromagnets 42 ", 42 '".
- the oscillator 10 has two oppositely polarized permanent elements 12 ', 12 ", which are preferably fixed to one another.
- the permanent magnets 12', 12" there are consequently two north poles at the oscillator poles 20 ', 18 ", whereby a virtual oscillator pole executed as North Pole at location 22 exists.
- the embodiment from FIG. 7f essentially corresponds to the embodiment from FIG. 7e.
- the embodiment from FIG. 7f has an iron core 30 between the two permanent magnets 12 ', 12 ", for adapting the magnetization.
- the embodiment from FIG. 7g essentially corresponds to the embodiment from FIG. 3 (and FIG. 2).
- the oscillator 10 from FIG. 7g has a permanent magnet 12, the width of which is greater than the width of the stator 40 or the outer spacing of the electromagnets 42 ', 42 ". Accordingly, the oscillator 10 stands out on both sides the stator 40 out.
- the electromagnetic linear actuator 1 has a vibration damping device consisting of two vibration dampers 80 ′, 80 ′′.
- these are two spring elements 80 ′, 80 ′′ that prevent the movement of the Damp oscillator 10 relative to stator 40.
- the vibration damper 80 ′ (and / or the vibration damper 80 ′′) can be attached, in particular fastened, to the terminating element 70 (72) and / or the oscillator 10 and / or the stator 40.
- the vibration damper 80 ′ (and the vibration damper 80 ′′) is only arranged, for example loosely, between the terminating element 70 (72) and the oscillator 10.
- vibration damper 80 '(and the vibration damper 80 ") it is possible for the vibration damper 80 '(and the vibration damper 80 ") to be at a distance from the terminating element 70 (72) and / or from the oscillator. It is also possible for a vibration damper to be arranged on one side only. This possibility of only one-sided arrangement also applies to the embodiments from FIGS. 8b and 8c.
- the embodiment from FIG. 8b does not have springs as vibration dampers, but rather magnetic dampers 80 ', 80 "in the end elements 70', 72.
- the magnetic dampers 80 ′, 80 ′′ dampen the movement of the oscillator 10 relative to the stator 40.
- the embodiment from FIG. 8c does not have magnetic dampers, but rather compressed air dampers 80 ', 80 ".
- compressed air dampers 80', 80" have valves 82 ', 82 “and membrane 84 assigned to oscillator 10 , 84 "on. Compressed air, for example, exists between valve 82 'and membrane 84' (and between valve 82 “and membrane 84"), which dampens the movement of the oscillator 10 relative to the stator 40.
- the valves 82, 82 ′′ are preferably designed to be adjustable so that variable damping can take place.
- the embodiment from FIG. 8d shows push rods 90 ', 90 "connected to the oscillator 10 on both sides.
- the push rod 90' extends from the oscillator 10 through an opening of the closing element 70.
- the push rod 90" extends from the oscillator 10 an opening of the terminating element 72.
- a force can be taken from the push rod in the vicinity and / or damping can be carried out in the vicinity of the electromagnetic linear actuator with the aid of a damping device (not shown). It is possible that only a single push rod 90 ', 90 "is provided.
- FIGS. 9a to 9d show further preferred embodiments of the electromagnetic linear actuator 1 according to the invention.
- the linear actuator of FIGS. 9a to 9d (and also of FIGS. 10a, 10b, 11a and 11b) has no, essentially, Circular cylindrical shape, but a rectangular cylindrical shape.
- the oscillator 10 and the stator 40 likewise have a substantially rectangular hollow cylinder shape.
- FIG. 9a shows a stator 40, which essentially consists of two elements, which are essentially hollow, rectangular half cylinders 40 ', 40 ".
- the half cylinders 40', 40" are of identical design.
- Each half cylinder 40 ', 40 has essentially two different sized rectangular shell shapes 98', 98".
- the half cylinders 40 ', 40 are preferably open, and they are preferably closed at the other end. At this closed end, the half cylinders 40', 40" are each connected to a terminating element 70, 72, preferably in one piece ( see Figure 9d at I).
- the end element 70 (and also the end element 72) preferably have a T-shaped cross section.
- the longitudinal bar 96 of the T-shape is connected to the half cylinder 40 ′′ and has a cross bar 94 at the other end.
- the half cylinders 40 ', 40 " are connected to one another by plugging in the twisted half cylinders 40', 40" (see FIG. 9c).
- the oscillator 10 is arranged to be linearly movable.
- the stator 40 has a rib profile with longitudinal ribs 92 on the inner circumferential surface, in particular to minimize the friction and to allow air circulation inside.
- the oscillator 10 can slide along these ribs 92.
- the oscillator 10 has a permanent magnet 12, preferably consists of it.
- the permanent magnet 12 is in particular a linear magnetized permanent magnet.
- FIG. 9b shows different views of the half cylinder 40 "with the oscillator 10 from FIG. 9a arranged therein.
- I shows a top view.
- II shows a side view and III shows a rear view.
- I shows a vibration damping device consisting of two vibration dampers 80 ', 80 "', which is connected on one side of the half cylinder 40", in particular in one piece.
- the vibration damping device is located in particular in the area of the terminating element 70.
- the vibration damping device has two flexible arms 80 ', 80' ". When the oscillator 10 moves and the oscillator 10 hits the flexible arms 80 ', 80'. "give this flexibly in the longitudinal direction and thus dampen the oscillator 10 and in particular emit a pulse to the stator 40. By means of several pulses it is possible to generate a vibration by means of the linear actuator 1.
- stator 40 Due to the identical design of the half cylinders 40 ', 40 "and the opposite plugging together, the stator 40 has vibration dampers at both longitudinal ends, so that when the oscillator 10 oscillates back and forth within the stator 40, damping and / or pulse transmission takes place on both sides.
- FIG. 9c shows a top view of the assembled linear actuator 1 from FIG. 9a.
- 9c schematically shows magnets 71, 73 of the terminating elements 70, 72 and stator magnets 42 ', 42 ". These magnets 71, 73, 42', 42" are formed by a single coil 43 and are therefore in particular in one piece.
- the coil 43 is wound over the terminating elements 70, 72 and the stator 40.
- the coil winding begins with one terminating element 70 or 72, runs over the stator 40 and ends with the other terminating element 70, 72.
- the winding direction of the coil 43 is shown schematically by means of the X representation and the dot representation.
- the coil is wound in the same direction, so that the magnet 71 of the terminating element 70 and the magnet 42 ′ have the same polarity.
- the middle of the linear actuator 1 or the stator 40 there is a change in direction of the winding of the coil 43 in the winding reversal 45 (see also FIG. 9d).
- the winding change is shown between the struts 98 ′, 98 ′′, it being preferred here to bend the coil 43 around one of the struts 98 ′′ (see FIG. 9d). Accordingly, an opposite winding of the coil 43 takes place on the right half of the linear actuator. As a result, the two magnets 42 ', 42 "of the stator 40 are mutually polarized.
- FIG. 9d shows a further illustration of the linear actuator 1 based on FIG. 9c (although the vibration damper has been omitted for reasons of clarity).
- FIG. 9d schematically shows the winding of the coil 43 and the change of winding direction at point 45 around the strut 98 ".
- FIGS. 10a and 10b show a further embodiment of the linear actuator 1 according to the invention, the embodiment essentially corresponding to the embodiment from FIGS. 9a to 9d.
- the embodiments differ in particular from the shape of the oscillator 10 and the stator 40, the linear actuator 1 from FIGS. 9a to 9d being flatter than that from FIGS. 10a to 10d or having a lower height.
- the embodiments also differ in that only a flexible arm 80 'for vibration damping, preferably in one piece, is formed on one side with the half cylinder 40 ".
- Figure 10b shows the following views:
- I top view, II side view, III bottom view, IV front view and V rear view Preferred dimensions are shown in FIG. 10b. However, these dimensions are only exemplary dimensions that can also be removed (from the figure).
- FIGS. 11a and 11b show a further embodiment of a linear actuator 1 according to the invention.
- This embodiment essentially corresponds to the embodiment from FIGS. 10a and 10b, with (again) a different shape with respect to the oscillator 10 and the stator 40. It is essentially a more square shape compared to the embodiment from FIGS. 10a and 10b.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018214102.9A DE102018214102A1 (de) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | Elektromagnetischer Linearaktuator |
PCT/EP2019/072351 WO2020038988A1 (de) | 2018-08-21 | 2019-08-21 | Elektromagnetischer linearaktuator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3841660A1 true EP3841660A1 (de) | 2021-06-30 |
Family
ID=67742404
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19758684.5A Pending EP3841660A1 (de) | 2018-08-21 | 2019-08-21 | Elektromagnetischer linearaktuator |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11967875B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3841660A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20210043587A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018214102A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020038988A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018214102A1 (de) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-02-27 | nui lab GmbH | Elektromagnetischer Linearaktuator |
JP2023163729A (ja) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-10 | ミネベアミツミ株式会社 | 振動アクチュエータ及び電気機器 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3538358A (en) | 1967-11-13 | 1970-11-03 | Moser Gmbh Kuno | Oscillating armature motor |
JPH05284714A (ja) | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-29 | Shicoh Eng Co Ltd | 揺動ブラシレスアクチュエ−タ |
JPH11168869A (ja) | 1996-10-30 | 1999-06-22 | Omron Corp | 振動発生器 |
US8013699B2 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2011-09-06 | Med-El Elektromedizinische Geraete Gmbh | MRI-safe electro-magnetic tranducer |
JP4155101B2 (ja) | 2003-05-16 | 2008-09-24 | 松下電工株式会社 | 振動型リニアアクチュエータ及びそれを用いた電動歯ブラシ |
DE10355446A1 (de) | 2003-11-27 | 2005-06-30 | Braun Gmbh | Elektromotor für ein elektrisches Kleingerät |
US7449803B2 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2008-11-11 | Sahyoun Joseph Y | Electromagnetic motor to create a desired low frequency vibration or to cancel an undesired low frequency vibration |
US7768160B1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2010-08-03 | Sahyoun Joseph Y | Electromagnetic motor to create a desired low frequency vibration or to cancel an undesired low frequency vibration |
US20080001484A1 (en) | 2006-07-03 | 2008-01-03 | Chris Fuller | Linear Electromechanical Vibrator with Axially Movable Magnet |
WO2009081295A2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-07-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Magnetic spring system for use in a resonant motor |
US9072576B2 (en) | 2008-12-08 | 2015-07-07 | Sunstar Inc. | Linear actuator |
CN104901501A (zh) * | 2010-06-30 | 2015-09-09 | 日本电产科宝株式会社 | 振动致动器 |
EP2867164A4 (de) | 2012-06-28 | 2016-03-30 | Univ Mcgill | Herstellung und funktionalisierung einer reinen nichtedelmetall-katalysatorstruktur mit zeitstabilität für grosskalibrige anwendungen |
CN104953781B (zh) | 2014-03-31 | 2017-08-04 | 香港理工大学 | 电磁直线驱动器 |
CN104638871B (zh) | 2015-03-02 | 2017-03-29 | 宁波工程学院 | 一种振动电机 |
US10404149B2 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2019-09-03 | Immersion Corporation | Electromagnetic haptic actuator with high definition capability |
DE102018214102A1 (de) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-02-27 | nui lab GmbH | Elektromagnetischer Linearaktuator |
-
2018
- 2018-08-21 DE DE102018214102.9A patent/DE102018214102A1/de active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-08-21 WO PCT/EP2019/072351 patent/WO2020038988A1/de unknown
- 2019-08-21 KR KR1020217005082A patent/KR20210043587A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-08-21 US US17/269,567 patent/US11967875B2/en active Active
- 2019-08-21 EP EP19758684.5A patent/EP3841660A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102018214102A1 (de) | 2020-02-27 |
US20210328492A1 (en) | 2021-10-21 |
KR20210043587A (ko) | 2021-04-21 |
US11967875B2 (en) | 2024-04-23 |
WO2020038988A1 (de) | 2020-02-27 |
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