EP3813090A1 - Commutateur dépendant de la température - Google Patents

Commutateur dépendant de la température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3813090A1
EP3813090A1 EP20200846.2A EP20200846A EP3813090A1 EP 3813090 A1 EP3813090 A1 EP 3813090A1 EP 20200846 A EP20200846 A EP 20200846A EP 3813090 A1 EP3813090 A1 EP 3813090A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
switch
switching
blocking element
switching mechanism
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20200846.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP3813090B1 (fr
Inventor
Marcel P. Hofsaess
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP23194593.2A priority Critical patent/EP4258316A3/fr
Publication of EP3813090A1 publication Critical patent/EP3813090A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3813090B1 publication Critical patent/EP3813090B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5409—Bistable switches; Resetting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/002—Thermally-actuated switches combined with protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/323—Thermally-sensitive members making use of shape memory materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/60—Means for producing snap action
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H2037/549—Details of movement transmission between bimetallic snap element and contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/64—Contacts
    • H01H37/70—Resetting means
    • H01H2037/705—Resetting means wherein the switch cannot be closed when the temperature is above a certain value

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a temperature-dependent switch which has a first and a second stationary contact and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a movable contact member.
  • the switching mechanism presses the contact element against the first contact and, via the contact element, establishes an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts.
  • the switching mechanism keeps the contact member at a distance from the first contact and thus interrupts the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism has a temperature-dependent snap-in part which, when a switching temperature is exceeded, snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration and, when the switch-back temperature is subsequently fallen below, snaps back from its geometric high-temperature configuration to its geometric low-temperature configuration. Snapping the temperature-dependent snap part from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration brings the switching mechanism from its first switch position to its second switch position and thus opens the switch.
  • a locking lock is also provided, which prevents the open switch from being closed again by holding the switching mechanism in its second switching position as soon as it is activated.
  • Such temperature-dependent switches are used in a known manner to protect electrical devices from overheating.
  • the switch is electrically connected in series with the device to be protected and its supply voltage and is mechanically arranged on the device in such a way that it is in thermal connection with it.
  • a temperature-dependent switching mechanism ensures that the two stationary contacts of the switch are electrically connected to one another below the response temperature of the switching mechanism are connected. Thus, the circuit is closed below the response temperature and the load current of the device to be protected can flow through the switch.
  • the switching mechanism lifts the movable contact element from the mating contact, whereby the switch is opened and the load current of the device to be protected is interrupted.
  • the now de-energized device can then cool down again.
  • the switch that is thermally coupled to the device also cools down again and would then actually close again automatically.
  • a locking mechanism ensures that this switching back does not take place in the cooling position, so that the device to be protected cannot switch itself on again automatically after it has been switched off.
  • the locking device locks the switching mechanism mechanically so that the switching mechanism cannot close again after it has been opened once, even if there are strong vibrations or temperature fluctuations.
  • opening the switch is understood to mean the interruption of the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts of the switch and not an opening of the switch housing in the mechanical sense.
  • Another switch of this type is from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known.
  • This switch has a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a temperature-dependent bimetal snap-action disk and a bistable spring disk which carries a movable contact or a current transmission element.
  • the bimetal snap disk When the bimetal snap disk is on a temperature above its response temperature is heated, it lifts the contact or the current transmission element against the force of the spring washer from the mating contact or contacts and thereby pushes the spring washer into its second stable configuration in which the switching mechanism is in its high-temperature position.
  • the snap-action disk is a bistable snap-action disk which, depending on the temperature, assumes either a high-temperature configuration or a low-temperature configuration.
  • the spring washer is a circular spring snap-action disk to which the contact member is attached in the middle.
  • the contact member is, for example, a movable contact part which is pressed by the spring snap-action disk against the first stationary contact which is arranged on the inside on a cover of the housing of the known switch. With its edge, the spring snap-action disk is pressed against an inner base of a lower part of the housing, which acts as a second contact. In this way, the self-electrically conductive spring snap-action disk creates an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts.
  • the bimetal snap disk In its low-temperature position, the bimetal snap disk lies loosely on the contact part. If the temperature of the bimetal snap disk increases, it jumps to its high temperature position, in which it presses with its edge on the inside of the upper part of the housing and with its center presses on the spring snap disk in such a way that it moves from its first into their second stable configuration jumps, whereby the movable contact part is lifted from the stationary contact and the switch is opened.
  • the bimetal snap-action disk jumps back to its low-temperature position. It comes with its edge in contact with the edge of the spring snap disk and with its center in contact with the upper part of the housing. However, the actuating force of the bimetal snap disk is not sufficient to allow the spring snap disk to jump back into its first configuration.
  • the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 Known switch remains open after a single opening until it has cooled to a temperature below room temperature, for which purpose a cold spray can be used, for example.
  • the spring snap disk is fixed with its edge on the lower part of the housing, while the bimetallic snap disk is provided between the spring snap disk and the inner bottom of the lower part.
  • contact plates are Spring snap disk and bimetal snap disk are captively connected to one another by a centrally running rivet.
  • this switch Due to its design, this switch therefore has a self-holding function. In the event of strong mechanical vibrations, however, in rare cases, the spring snap-action disk can also spring back unintentionally.
  • a temperature-dependent switch with a current transmission element designed as a contact bridge in which the contact bridge is pressed against two stationary mating contacts via a closing spring.
  • the contact bridge is in contact with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism via an actuating bolt, which consists of a bimetallic snap disk and a spring washer, both of which are clamped at their edge.
  • the spring washer and the bimetal snap disk are both bistable in this switch, the bimetal snap disk in a temperature-dependent manner and the spring washer in a temperature-independent manner.
  • the bimetal snap disk presses the spring washer into its second configuration, in which it presses the actuating bolt against the contact bridge and lifts it against the force of the closing spring from the stationary mating contacts.
  • this switch has the disadvantage that, in the open state, the spring washer lifts the contact bridge against the force of the closing spring from the mating contacts, so that the spring washer in its second configuration must reliably overcome the force of the closing spring.
  • the closing spring ensures that the contact bridge rests securely on the mating contacts in the closed state, a spring washer with very high stability is required in the second configuration.
  • Another switch with three switch positions is from the DE 86 25 999 U1 known.
  • a spring tongue clamped in on one side is provided, which at its free end carries a movable contact part which cooperates with a fixed counter-contact.
  • a dome is formed on this spring tongue, which is pressed into its second configuration by a bimetal plate also fastened to the spring tongue, in which it spaces the movable contact part from the stationary mating contact.
  • the dome must hold the movable contact part at a distance from the fixed mating contact against the closing force of the spring tongue clamped in on one side, so that the dome in its second configuration has to apply a high actuating force.
  • the known switch thus has the disadvantages already discussed above, namely that high actuating forces have to be overcome, which leads to high production costs and an unsafe state in the cooling position.
  • the present invention is based on the object of developing the switch mentioned at the beginning in such a way that it has an alternative locking device that is simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture and yet reliably interrupts the circuit even when the switch is in the cool position and in the event of strong vibrations is guaranteed.
  • the closing lock has a locking element which is at least partially made of a shape memory alloy and has an opening through which the movable contact member protrudes and which is designed to change its shape when exceeded to change a blocking element switching temperature from a first form in which the blocking element does not activate the closing lock to a second form in which the blocking element activates the closing lock by exerting a force on a part of the rear derailleur, which the rear derailleur in its second Switch position holds.
  • the locking lock according to the invention is therefore a temperature-dependent locking lock which is activated when a predefined temperature is reached or exceeded, which is referred to here as the locking element switching temperature. As long as the blocking element switching temperature is not reached or exceeded, the locking device is not activated.
  • the locking device particularly uses the temperature-dependent shape change effect (memory effect) of a shape memory alloy. It has a locking element which is at least partially made from such a shape memory alloy. This locking element has an opening through which a part of the switching mechanism protrudes.
  • the movable contact member of the switching mechanism protrudes through this opening and can move through the opening during the switching movement of the switch without it colliding with the blocking element.
  • the shape of the opening can be designed in many ways, for example round or angular.
  • the temperature-dependent shape change effect of the shape memory alloy of the blocking element is preferably used as follows: As long as the blocking element switching temperature is not exceeded, the blocking element remains in its first shape. In this first form, the locking element does not exert any force on the rear derailleur. The locking element preferably does not touch the switching mechanism at all as long as it has its first shape. The switching function of the switching mechanism, which is brought about in particular by the temperature-dependent snap part, is therefore not impaired as long as the locking device is not activated. This is only activated when the locking element assumes its second shape, which happens due to the shape memory alloy when the locking element switching temperature is exceeded. In its second form, the locking element exerts a force on part of the rear derailleur. This force holds the switching mechanism in its second switching position and prevents a downshift into its first, closed switching position.
  • the switch As soon as the blocking element switching temperature is reached, the switch remains in its second, open switching position.
  • the closing lock prevents the switch from closing again.
  • the locking element according to the invention can therefore be produced relatively inexpensively. Otherwise the structure of the switch and the derailleur contained therein will not be changed but only the locking element has to be added to the switch, the implementation of the entire locking lock according to the invention is very simple and inexpensive from a manufacturing point of view. The overall costs of the switch are therefore hardly increased by the locking device according to the invention.
  • open switch and “closed switch” do not relate to a housing position, but to the electrically conductive connection. The terms have nothing to do with whether a switch housing is open or closed. Rather, these terms relate to whether the electrically conductive connection between the two stationary contacts of the switch is open or established, or closed or interrupted.
  • the change in shape of the shape memory alloy of the blocking element occurs when the blocking element switching temperature is “exceeded”. In principle, the change in shape already takes place when the blocking element switching temperature is reached.
  • the word “exceeding” is intended to clarify at this point, however, that the change in shape of the locking element after a warming-up process, i.e. when the locking element switching temperature is reached, takes place from a lower temperature and not during a cooling process when the locking element switching temperature is reached starting from a higher temperature.
  • the blocking element can, for example, be configured to change its shape from the first shape to the second shape when the blocking element switching temperature is reached during a warm-up process, but to maintain its second shape when the blocking element switching temperature is subsequently reached again during a cooling process.
  • the change in shape that the blocking element makes when the blocking element switching temperature is exceeded can be varied.
  • the locking element can change its shape from a shape that is flat or straight in cross section into a shape that is convex or concave in cross section. It is also conceivable that the locking element bends differently, folds over or expands in one direction when the locking element switching temperature is reached.
  • the shape memory alloy of the locking element is preferably set up to move the locking element towards the switching mechanism when the blocking element switching temperature is reached, to touch it and to exert a compressive force thereon, which holds the switching mechanism in its second switching position.
  • This force exerted by the locking element on the switching mechanism is preferably higher than the force exerted by the temperature-dependent snap part, by means of which the temperature-dependent snap part tries to close the switch in its low-temperature configuration, i.e. to bring the switching mechanism into its first switch position.
  • the locking device prevents the switch from closing again, even if its temperature falls below the switch-back temperature and the temperature-dependent snap-in part tries to snap back into its geometric low-temperature configuration .
  • the locking element is designed essentially in the form of a plate or disk.
  • the dimensions of the switch and the design of the switching mechanism do not or hardly need to be adapted compared to regular switches without a locking device.
  • plate-shaped and “disk-shaped” are understood to mean that the length and width of the blocking element is significantly greater than its thickness. While “plate-shaped”, when viewed from above, almost any shape is possible for the blocking element, “disk-shaped” preferably denotes a circular, oval or elliptical shape of the blocking element.
  • the opening in the locking element is designed as a through hole.
  • the blocking element can thus be produced, for example, as a type of perforated plate, that is to say a plate with a through hole.
  • a locking element can be installed very easily in the housing of the switch and slipped over the movable contact member of the switching mechanism.
  • the opening or the through hole is preferably arranged centrally in the locking element.
  • Both the locking element and the rest of the structure of the switch can, for example, be designed to be rotationally symmetrical.
  • the blocking element has at least one slot which penetrates the blocking element and adjoins the opening.
  • Such a slot has the advantage that it allows the shape change effect to be increased.
  • the locking element can achieve a greater change in shape with the same amount of force.
  • the at least one slot in the locking element also prevents internal stresses which could otherwise arise due to the change in shape of the locking element caused by the shape memory alloy.
  • the at least one slot runs in a straight line and extends radially outward starting from the opening.
  • two, three, four or more slots are provided in the locking element, each of which adjoins the opening, extends in a straight line and, starting from the opening, extends radially outward.
  • the slots are accordingly made in the blocking element in an essentially star-shaped manner, starting from the hole.
  • Each of these slots preferably penetrates the entire thickness of the locking element. This has the advantage that the slots create individual, separate areas in the locking element, which can bend separately when the locking element switching temperature is reached in order to exert the force required for the locking mechanism on the switching mechanism separately from one another.
  • the locking element can represent a type of slotted spring washer or slotted disc spring, which is flat in its first form, that is, purely disk-shaped, and in its second form is convex or concave.
  • the switch has a housing, and that the blocking element is fastened with its edge to the housing.
  • the opening is preferably arranged centrally in the locking element, such an edge-side fastening of the locking element has the advantage that the change in shape brought about by the shape memory alloy is hardly impaired.
  • the blocking element can be fixed to the housing on the edge in a very stable manner.
  • the locking element is preferably attached to the housing along its entire circumferential edge.
  • the attachment can be non-positive, positive and / or cohesive.
  • Particularly preferred is the locking element with its peripheral edge in the Housing jammed. Such a fastening can be implemented in the most cost-effective manner in terms of production technology.
  • the edge of the blocking element is made of an electrically insulating material or is coated with an electrically insulating material.
  • a middle or central part of the locking element can be made from the shape memory alloy, which is connected to an electrically insulating material on its outer circumference.
  • the entire blocking element can be made from the shape memory alloy and coated on its peripheral edge with an electrically insulating material, for example with plastic.
  • an adhesive film can be applied to the edge of the shape memory alloy or along the circumference in order to electrically isolate the edge of the blocking element. The coating or the adhesive film can be arranged on the blocking element both on one side and on both sides (top and bottom).
  • the electrical insulation of the edge of the blocking element has the advantage that electrical insulation of two housing parts of the switch can be achieved with the aid of the blocking element. Since the edge of the blocking element is preferably fastened to the housing and parts of the housing have a current flowing through it, such insulation also has the advantage that the blocking element itself does not carry any current. This in turn has a positive effect on the functions and service life of the shape memory alloy.
  • the housing has a lower part closed by an upper part, the locking element resting on a circumferential shoulder arranged in the lower part and being clamped between the lower part and the upper part.
  • Such an arrangement of the locking element has the advantage that it only has to be placed on the shoulder in the lower part during manufacture and is automatically clamped between the upper part and the lower part and thus fixed during the closing of the switch housing.
  • the lower part typically has a raised edge which, when the switch housing is closed, is at least partially bent or flanged onto the upper part in order to hold the upper part on the lower part.
  • first stationary contact or each of the two stationary contacts is arranged on an inner side of the upper part.
  • the locking element is arranged on a first side of the temperature-dependent snap part facing the first contact and is set up to apply, in its second form, the force that holds the switching mechanism in its second switching position directly or indirectly to the to exercise temperature-dependent snap part.
  • the blocking element is therefore arranged on the same side of the snap part as the first contact. As soon as the locking element assumes its second shape when the locking element switching temperature is reached, it presses on the switching mechanism starting from this first side of the temperature-dependent snap part.
  • the locking element can either touch the temperature-dependent snap part directly and exert the force directly on it, or it can touch another component of the switching mechanism so that it only exerts the force indirectly on the temperature-dependent snap part. Both cases have the advantage that both a direct force action on the temperature-dependent snap part and a direct force action on the temperature-independent spring part are possible without any problems, since both components typically have a relatively large area are designed and thus offer large areas of attack for the action of force.
  • the locking element is arranged on a second side of the temperature-dependent snap part facing away from the first contact and is designed to directly or indirectly apply in its second form the force that holds the switching mechanism in its second switching position exercise the contact member.
  • the blocking element in this embodiment is therefore not arranged on the side of the first contact (first side), but rather on the opposite, second side of the temperature-dependent snap part.
  • the blocking element switching temperature When the blocking element switching temperature is reached, it exerts the force that holds the switching mechanism in its second switching position, preferably directly on the movable contact member.
  • This has the advantage that the force exerted by the locking element is exerted directly on the part that is to be kept at a distance from the first contact when the closing lock is activated. Since the movable contact element is usually a solid component, there is also little risk of the switching mechanism being damaged by the locking device.
  • the shape memory alloy of the locking element is a shape memory alloy with a one-way memory effect.
  • the switch according to the invention is a so-called one-time switch.
  • the shape memory alloy only allows a one-time change in shape of the locking element. After it has changed its shape from the first shape to the second shape when the blocking element switching temperature is exceeded, renewed cooling does not cause a new shape change in such a shape memory alloy with a one-way effect.
  • the shape memory alloy can be a shape memory alloy with a two-way memory effect, the locking element being configured to change its shape from the second form to the first form when the temperature falls below a locking element reset temperature, and the locking element reset temperature is lower than the Blocking element switching temperature is.
  • the switch is then a switch with a locking device, which is designed to be reversible, that is to say can be released again.
  • Shape memory alloys with a two-way effect can, so to speak, remember two shapes, one at high and one at low temperature. With such a two-way shape memory alloy, the locking element can change its shape from the first shape to the second shape when the locking element switching temperature is reached and, when it cools down, it can assume its first shape again as soon as the locking element reset temperature is reached.
  • the blocking element switching temperature is equal to or higher than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part.
  • the locking device is activated at the same time and the switch opens. If, on the other hand, the blocking element switching temperature is selected to be higher than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part, the locking device is only activated after the switch has been opened. The circuit is interrupted when the switch is opened. In practice, however, the switch usually heats up a little before the cooling process begins due to the residual heat typically remaining in the device to be protected. The temperature swings a bit after opening the switch, which is why we speak of the so-called overshoot temperature range. It is therefore possible to set the blocking element switching temperature in this overshoot temperature range.
  • the blocking element reset temperature is lower than the reset temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part.
  • the switching mechanism has a temperature-independent spring part which is connected to the movable contact member, the temperature-dependent snap part acting on the temperature-independent spring part when the switching temperature is exceeded and thereby lifts the movable contact member from the first contact.
  • the spring part is a bistable spring part with two temperature-independent, stable geometric configurations.
  • the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer, it is preferred that the spring washer presses the movable contact member against the first contact in its first stable configuration and keeps the movable contact member spaced apart from the first contact in its second stable configuration.
  • This has the advantage that in the closed state of the switch (in the first switch position of the switching mechanism) the spring washer produces the closing force and thus the contact pressure between the movable contact member and the first contact.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part is mechanically relieved, which has a positive effect on its service life and the long-term stability of its response temperature (switching temperature).
  • the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer with two temperature-independent stable geometric configurations, this has the additional advantage that the bistable spring washer keeps the switch in its open state after opening.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part is preferably designed as a bi- or tri-metal snap disk.
  • the movable contact member comprises a movable contact part cooperating with the first contact, and that the spring part cooperates with the second contact, wherein it is further preferred that the spring part is electrically at least in its first geometric configuration over its edge is in communication with the second contact.
  • This configuration is in principle from the DE 10 2018 100 890 B3 , the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 or the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known. It means that the temperature-dependent snap part is not subjected to current in any position of the switch, but that the load current of the electrical device to be protected flows through the spring part.
  • the movable contact member comprises a current transmission member that interacts with both stationary contacts.
  • the advantage here is that the switch can conduct considerably higher currents than that from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switches.
  • the current transfer element arranged on the contact element ensures the electrical short circuit between the two contacts when the switch is closed, so that not only the temperature-dependent snap part, but also the temperature-independent spring part are no longer traversed by the load current, as in principle already from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 is known.
  • a switch 10 is shown in a schematic sectional side view, which is designed to be rotationally symmetrical in plan view and preferably has a circular shape.
  • the switch 10 has a housing 12 in which a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is arranged.
  • the housing 12 comprises a pot-like lower part 16 and an upper part 18 which is held on the lower part 16 by a bent or flanged upper edge 20.
  • the embodiment shown is both the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 made of an electrically conductive material, preferably made of metal.
  • the upper part 18 rests on a shoulder 22 formed in the lower part with an insulating film 24 in between.
  • the shoulder 22 is designed as a circumferential shoulder and has a substantially circular support surface on which the upper part 18 rests with the insulating film 24 interposed.
  • the insulating film 24 ensures electrical insulation of the upper part 18 from the lower part 16.
  • the insulating film 24 also provides a mechanical seal that prevents liquids or contaminants from entering the interior of the housing from the outside.
  • the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 in this exemplary embodiment are each made of electrically conductive material, thermal contact with an electrical device to be protected can be established via their outer surfaces.
  • the outer surfaces also serve for the electrical external connection of the switch 10 at the same time.
  • a further insulation layer 26 may be attached.
  • the switching mechanism 14 has a temperature-independent spring part 28 and a temperature-dependent snap part 30.
  • the spring part 28 is preferably designed as a bistable spring washer. Accordingly, it has two geometric configurations that are stable, independent of temperature. In Fig. 1 its first configuration is shown.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part 30 is preferably designed as a bimetal snap disk. This has two temperature-dependent configurations, a geometrical high-temperature configuration and a geometrical low-temperature configuration. In the in Fig. 1 The first switching position of the switching mechanism 14 shown is the temperature-dependent bimetal snap disk 30 in its geometric low-temperature configuration.
  • the temperature-independent spring washer 28 rests with its edge 32 on a further circumferential shoulder 34 formed in the lower part 16.
  • the temperature-dependent bimetal snap disk 30 can be freely suspended in the housing 12 in such a way that its edge 36 does not touch the housing 12. This has the advantage, among other things, that the closing pressure in the closed state of the switch 10 is generated solely by the spring washer 28. Likewise, when the switch 10 is closed, the current then flows only through the spring washer 28, but not through the bimetal snap-action washer 30.
  • the edge 36 of the bimetal snap disk 30 can, in its low-temperature configuration, alternatively, however, also rest on the inner bottom surface 38 of the lower part 16.
  • the inner bottom surface 38 can for this purpose, as in FIG Fig. 1 indicated by the dashed line 39, laterally increased. In such a case, the closing pressure of the switch 10 in its closed state would be generated not only by the spring washer 28, but also by the bimetallic snap disk 30.
  • the temperature-independent spring washer 28 With its center 40, the temperature-independent spring washer 28 is fixed on a movable contact member 42 of the switching mechanism 14.
  • the temperature-dependent bimetallic snap disk 30 is also fixed with its center 44 on this contact member 42.
  • the movable contact member 42 has a contact part 46 and a ring 45 which is pressed onto the contact part 46.
  • the ring 45 has a circumferential shoulder 47 on which the bimetal snap disk 30 rests with its center 44.
  • the spring washer 28 is clamped between the ring 45 and the upper, widened section of the contact part 46.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is a captive unit of contact member 42, spring washer 28 and bimetal snap disk 30. In the assembly of the switch 10, the switching mechanism 14 can thus be inserted directly into the lower part 16 as a unit.
  • the contact part 46 of the movable contact member 42 cooperates with a fixed mating contact 48 which is arranged on the inside of the upper part 18.
  • This mating contact 48 is also referred to here as the first stationary contact.
  • the outside of the lower part 16 serves as the second stationary contact 50.
  • FIG. 1 The position shown is the switch 10 in its low-temperature position, in which the spring washer 28 is in its first configuration and the bimetal snap disk 30 is in its low-temperature configuration.
  • the spring washer 28 presses the movable contact member 42 against the first stationary contact 48.
  • the temperature of the device to be protected increases and thus the temperature of the switch 10 and the temperature-dependent bimetal snap disk 30 arranged therein, it snaps from the in Fig. 1 low-temperature configuration shown in its concave high-temperature configuration, which is shown in Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the bimetallic snap disk 30 is supported with its edge 36 on part of the switch 10, in this case on the edge 32 of the spring washer 28.
  • the snap disk 30 pulls the movable contact member 42 downwards and lifts it the movable contact member 46 from the first stationary contact 48.
  • it simultaneously bends the temperature-independent spring washer 28 downwards at its center 40, so that the spring washer 28 from its in Fig. 1 shown, first stable geometric configuration in its in Fig. 2
  • the second geometrically stable configuration shown snaps over.
  • Fig. 2 thus shows the high temperature position of the switch 10 in which it is open. The circuit is thus interrupted.
  • the closing lock 52 has a locking element 54, which is designed essentially in the form of a plate or disk.
  • This locking element 54 is in the in Fig. 1-3
  • the first exemplary embodiment shown is clamped between the lower part 16 and the upper part 18. More precisely, the blocking element 54 is clamped between the circumferential shoulder 22 and the insulating film 24.
  • the locking element 54 can also be materially connected to the lower part 16 (for example glued, welded or soldered).
  • FIG Fig. 8 An embodiment of the locking element 54 is shown in FIG Fig. 8 shown in a schematic plan view.
  • the locking element 54 is made at least for the most part from a shape memory alloy.
  • This shape memory alloy is set up to change the shape of the blocking element 54 from a first shape to a second shape when a predefined temperature is exceeded, which is referred to here as the blocking element switching temperature.
  • the first form of the locking element 54 is shown. This also corresponds to the in Fig. 1 and 2 the shape of the locking element 54, indicated in the schematic section, in which the locking lock 52 is not yet activated.
  • the locking element 54 is essentially in the form of a circular disk. It has an opening 56 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown here, is designed as a centrally arranged hole.
  • the movable contact member 42 of the switching mechanism 14 protrudes through the opening 56 (see Fig. 1-3 ).
  • the size of the opening 56 is therefore preferably dimensioned in such a way that the contact member 42 does not collide with the switching mechanism 14 either in the first switching position of the switching mechanism 14 or during its switching movement.
  • the opening 56 for this purpose does not necessarily have to be designed as a round hole, but can also have a different shape, for example oval, elliptical or angular.
  • the edge 58 of the blocking element 54 with which it is attached to the housing 12 is preferably made of an electrically insulating material or coated with an electrically insulating material. As a result, the electrical insulation between the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 is additionally improved. In addition, this can also increase the stability of the clamping of the locking element 54 in the housing 12.
  • the base body of the blocking element 54 can be made entirely from the shape memory alloy, which is provided with an adhesive film or plastic coating 60 on the edge 58.
  • This adhesive film or plastic coating 60 is preferably applied on both sides of the base body made of shape memory alloy.
  • the locking element 54 shown also has four slots 62, which extend in the radial direction outward in a star shape, starting from the opening 56.
  • the slots 62 extend through the entire thickness of the blocking element 54. They are therefore not only introduced superficially into the blocking element 54, but also cut through it. Starting from the central opening 56, they run outward in the radial direction, but end in front of the outer edge 58 of the blocking element 54.
  • the slots 62 enable the locking element 54 to be opened up in a manner when the shape memory alloy brings the locking element 54 into its second shape when the locking element switching temperature is reached.
  • the four sectors of the locking element 54 separated from one another by the slots 62 then fold, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown down.
  • the individual sectors of the locking element 54 curve or arch downward.
  • the curvature of the locking element 54 in its second form is such that it is convex on its upper side and concave on its lower side.
  • the curvature of the locking element 54 in its second form can also be reversed, so that its top side is concave and its bottom side is convexly curved (similar to the two disks 28, 30 in FIG Fig. 3 ).
  • Such a temperature-related change in shape can in principle also be carried out with a locking element made of shape memory alloy without slots 62 or with fewer slots 62.
  • the slots 62 help to reduce internal stresses which are caused by the change in shape of the locking element 54.
  • the change in shape of the locking element 54 can thereby be increased.
  • the in Fig. 1-3 The first embodiment shown results in the following interaction between the switching mechanism 14 and the locking device 52 or the associated locking element 54: As long as the switching temperature of the bimetal snap disk 30 is not exceeded, the switch remains in its in Fig. 1 shown, closed position. When the switching temperature is reached, the bimetal snap disk 30, as already mentioned, snaps into its in Fig. 2 The high-temperature configuration shown and lifts the movable contact member 42 from the first stationary contact 48, whereby the switch 10 is opened and the current flowing through the switch 10 until then is interrupted.
  • the blocking element switching temperature i.e. the temperature at which the shape memory alloy brings the blocking element 54 into its second shape, is preferably selected somewhat higher than the switching temperature of the bimetal snap disk 30.
  • the shape memory alloy of the blocking element 54 can be designed in such a way that the blocking element -Switching temperature is 5-40 K above the switching temperature of the bimetal snap disk 30.
  • the blocking element 54 initially remains in its first form, as shown in FIG Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the locking lock 52 is in the in Fig. 2 thus not yet activated.
  • the shape memory alloy ensures the aforementioned change in shape of the locking element 54 when the locking element switching temperature is reached, so that it is in Fig. 3 takes on the second form shown.
  • the locking element 54 presses, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown on the upper side of the spring washer 28.
  • the blocking element 54 exerts a force on the switching mechanism 14, which acts directly on the spring washer 28 and indirectly on the movable contact member 42.
  • the switching mechanism 14 is held in its second switching position by this force.
  • the lock 52 is activated.
  • deactivation of the closing lock 52 is either not possible at all or by means of a cold treatment.
  • the switch 10 is a one-time switch.
  • a shape memory alloy with a one-way memory effect is selected for the locking element 54.
  • the locking lock 52 can, however, alternatively also be designed to be reversible.
  • the shape memory alloy of the locking element 54 is designed to change the shape of the locking element 54 when the temperature in the lock-down element falls below a switch-back temperature of the in Fig. 3 second form shown in Fig. 1 and 2 first form shown.
  • the blocking element 54 can, so to speak, remember both forms.
  • the shape memory alloy of the locking element 54 is preferably designed such that the locking element reset temperature is lower than the reset temperature of the bimetal snap disk 30.
  • the shape memory alloy of the locking element 54 can be designed such that the locking element reset temperature is lower than room temperature and, for example is located in a temperature range of 0-15 ° C.
  • Fig. 4-6 shows a second embodiment of the switch 10 according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows similar to before Fig. 1 , the switch 10 in its closed position, in which the switching mechanism 14 is in its first switching position, the bimetal snap disk 30 is in its low-temperature configuration and the locking device 52 is not activated.
  • Fig. 5 shows similar to before Fig. 2 , the switch 10 in its open position, in which the switching mechanism 14 is in its second switching position, the bimetal snap disk 30 is in its high-temperature configuration and the locking device 52 is not activated.
  • Fig. 6 shows similar to before Fig. 3 , the switch 10 in its open position, in which the switching mechanism 14 is still in its second switching position, but the locking lock 52 is activated.
  • the locking element 54 of the closing lock 52 in the in Fig. 4-6 is arranged on the opposite side of the switching mechanism 14. While the locking element 54 in the in Fig. 1-3
  • the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of the switch 10 is arranged on the upper side of the switching mechanism 14 facing the first contact 48, the blocking element 54 in the case of the FIG Fig. 4-6
  • the second exemplary embodiment shown, of the switch 10 is arranged on the lower side of the switching mechanism 14 facing away from the first contact 48.
  • the locking element 54 is clamped between two spacer rings 64, 66.
  • the first spacer ring 64 is arranged on the inner bottom surface 38 of the lower part 16.
  • the blocking element 54 rests on this first spacer ring 64.
  • the second spacer ring 66 is arranged on the locking element 54.
  • the bimetal snap disk 30 rests with its edge 36 on the upper side of the second spacer ring 66.
  • Another spacer ring 68 is arranged at the point at which the locking element 54 according to the first exemplary embodiment was arranged between the lower part 16 and the upper part 18.
  • This spacer ring 68 serves as a spacer between the lower part 16 and the upper part 18.
  • the spring washer 28 can be supported from below on this spacer ring 68 when the switching mechanism 14 is in its second switching position (see FIG Fig. 5 and 6th ).
  • the movable contact member 42 is also configured somewhat differently. In the area of its lower end it has a laterally protruding base 70, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the opening 56 provided in the locking element 54.
  • the movable contact member 42 protrudes through the one provided in the locking element 54 Opening 56 therethrough, the widened base 70 being arranged below the locking element 54.
  • the locking element 54 is configured in the same way as described above in relation to the in Fig. 1-3 shown, first embodiment is mentioned (see Fig. 8 ). In its second form, which it assumes after the blocking element switching temperature has been reached, however, the blocking element 54 now acts directly on the movable contact member 42. The locking element 54 pushes, as in FIG Fig. 6 is shown from above of the enlarged base 70, whereby the movable contact member 42 is spaced from the first stationary contact 48. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, too, it is not possible to close the switch 10 again as long as the locking device 52 is activated.
  • the locking lock 52 can be designed reversibly or irreversibly, depending on whether a shape memory alloy with a one-way memory effect or a shape memory alloy with a two-way memory effect is used for the shape memory alloy of the locking element 54.
  • Fig. 7 shows a third embodiment of the switch 10 'according to the invention.
  • the locking device 52 is designed in the same way as in the case of FIG Fig. 4-6 shown switch 10.
  • the structure of the in Fig. 7 The switch 10 'shown is somewhat different from the structure of the switch 10 according to FIG Fig. 1-6 shown, first two embodiments.
  • the lower part 16 ' is again made of electrically conductive material.
  • the flat upper part 18 ′ is here made of electrically insulating material. It is held on the lower part 16 'by the bent edge 20'.
  • a spacer ring 68 ' is provided between the upper part 18' and the lower part 16 ', which keeps the upper part 18' at a distance from the lower part 16 '.
  • the upper part 18 ' On its inside, the upper part 18 'has a first stationary contact 48' and a second stationary contact 50 '.
  • the contacts 48 'and 50' are designed as rivets which extend through the upper part 18 'and end on the outside in the heads 72, 74, which are used for the external connection of the switch 10'.
  • the movable contact member 42 ' here comprises a current transmission member which is designed as a contact plate, the upper side of which is coated in an electrically conductive manner, so that the current transmission member 76 in the case of FIG Fig. 7 shown, closed position of the switch 10 is applied to the contacts 48 ', 50' and ensures an electrically conductive connection between the contacts 48 'and 50'.
  • the current transmission member 76 is connected to the spring washer 28 and the bimetal snap-action washer 30 via a rivet 78, which is also to be regarded as part of the contact member 42 ′.
  • the bimetal snap disk 30 of the switching mechanism 14 ' ensures, similarly as before, that the switching mechanism 14' is brought into its second switching position in which the current transmission element 76 is kept at a distance from the two contacts 48 ', 50' and the circuit is therefore interrupted.
  • FIG. 7 A key difference between the in Fig. 7
  • the switch structure shown in the figure can be seen in the fact that in contrast to the in Fig. 1-6 Embodiment of the switch 10 shown here neither through the spring washer 28 nor through the bimetallic snap disk 30 when the switch 10 is in the closed state. In the closed state of the switch 10 ′, this only flows from the first external connection 72 via the first contact 48 ′, the current transmission element 76 and the second contact 50 ′ to the second external connection 74.
  • the locking element 54 of the locking device 52 engages the rivet 78 as soon as the locking device 52 is activated, that is, as soon as the temperature of the switch 10 'and thus the temperature of the locking element 54 exceeds the locking element switching temperature.
  • the rivet 78 is similar to that in FIG Fig. 4-6 shown, second embodiment, a widened base 70 is provided at its lower end. On this base 70, the locking element 54 engages around the rivet 78 and thus the entire movable part To press contact member 42 'down and to hold the switching mechanism 14' in its second switching position as soon as the locking device 52 is activated.
  • the locking device 52 can also be used with the switch 10 ', as shown in FIG Fig. 7 is shown schematically in the manner as in the in Fig. 1-3 shown, first embodiment of the switch 10 is realized.
  • a reversible design of the locking device 52 is also possible in the case of the in Fig. 7 shown, third embodiment of the switch 10 'is also possible.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
EP20200846.2A 2019-10-21 2020-10-08 Commutateur dépendant de la température Active EP3813090B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23194593.2A EP4258316A3 (fr) 2019-10-21 2020-10-08 Commutateur dépendant de la température

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019128367.1A DE102019128367B4 (de) 2019-10-21 2019-10-21 Temperaturabhängiger schalter

Related Child Applications (2)

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EP23194593.2A Division EP4258316A3 (fr) 2019-10-21 2020-10-08 Commutateur dépendant de la température
EP23194593.2A Division-Into EP4258316A3 (fr) 2019-10-21 2020-10-08 Commutateur dépendant de la température

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EP3813090B1 EP3813090B1 (fr) 2024-05-15

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EP (2) EP4258316A3 (fr)
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CN114036802A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2022-02-11 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 一种无源自运动结构设计方法及低温温控开关
CN116560071B (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-10-20 北京瑞控信科技股份有限公司 一种基于记忆合金锁止结构的快反镜

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EP0041823A1 (fr) * 1980-06-06 1981-12-16 THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, p.l.c. Interrupteur thermosensible
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102019128367B4 (de) 2021-06-10
EP4258316A2 (fr) 2023-10-11
EP3813090B1 (fr) 2024-05-15
EP4258316A3 (fr) 2024-01-10
CN112768292B (zh) 2024-06-11
US11881369B2 (en) 2024-01-23
US20210118636A1 (en) 2021-04-22
DE102019128367A1 (de) 2021-04-22
US11749479B2 (en) 2023-09-05
US20230162934A1 (en) 2023-05-25
CN112768292A (zh) 2021-05-07

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