EP3796358B1 - Commutateur dépendant de la température - Google Patents

Commutateur dépendant de la température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3796358B1
EP3796358B1 EP20196416.0A EP20196416A EP3796358B1 EP 3796358 B1 EP3796358 B1 EP 3796358B1 EP 20196416 A EP20196416 A EP 20196416A EP 3796358 B1 EP3796358 B1 EP 3796358B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
dependent
switch
switching
snap
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EP20196416.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3796358A1 (fr
Inventor
Marcel P. Hofsaess
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5409—Bistable switches; Resetting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/002—Thermally-actuated switches combined with protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/04—Bases; Housings; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/60—Means for producing snap action
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/64—Contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/104—Adaptation for built-in fuses with interlocking mechanism between switch and fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0006—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches for converting electric switches
    • H01H2011/0043—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches for converting electric switches for modifying the number or type of operating positions, e.g. momentary and stable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a temperature-dependent switch which has a first and a second stationary contact and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a movable contact member.
  • the switching mechanism presses the contact member against the first contact and thereby establishes an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts via the contact member.
  • the switching mechanism keeps the contact member at a distance from the first contact and thus interrupts the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism has a temperature-dependent snap part which, when a switching temperature is exceeded, snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and when a switch-back temperature is subsequently undershot, it snaps back from its geometric high-temperature configuration back into its geometric low-temperature configuration. Snapping the temperature-dependent snap part from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position to its second switching position and thus opens the switch.
  • a closing lock is also provided, which has a fusible medium and prevents the switch, once opened, from being closed again by holding the switching mechanism in its second switching position.
  • a temperature-dependent switch according to the preamble of claim 1 is from US 2007/0188293 A1 known.
  • Another exemplary temperature-dependent switch is already available DE 10 2018 100 890 B3 known.
  • Such temperature-dependent switches are used in a known manner to protect electrical devices from overheating.
  • the switch is electrically connected in series with the device to be protected and its supply voltage and is mechanically arranged on the device in such a way that it is in thermal connection with it.
  • a temperature-dependent switching mechanism ensures that the two stationary contacts of the switch are electrically connected to each other below the response temperature of the switching mechanism are connected. The circuit is therefore closed below the response temperature and the load current of the device to be protected can flow via the switch.
  • the switching mechanism lifts the movable contact member away from the counter contact, which opens the switch and interrupts the load current of the device to be protected.
  • the now de-energized device can then cool down again.
  • the switch that is thermally connected to the device also cools down again and would then actually close again automatically.
  • a closing lock ensures that this switch-back does not occur in the cooling position, so that the device to be protected cannot automatically switch on again after it has been switched off.
  • the closing lock mechanically locks the rear derailleur so that the rear derailleur cannot close again after it has been opened once, even if strong shocks or temperature fluctuations occur.
  • switches that do not close again after being opened once are also referred to as one-time switches.
  • opening means the interruption of the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts of the switch and not an opening of the switch housing in a mechanical sense.
  • Another switch of this type is from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known.
  • This switch has a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a temperature-dependent bimetal snap-action disk and a bistable spring disk that carries a movable contact or a current transmission member.
  • the bimetal snap disk When the bimetal snap disk is on is heated to a temperature above its response temperature, it lifts the contact or the current transmission member against the force of the spring washer from the mating contact or contacts and thereby presses the spring washer into its second stable configuration, in which the switching mechanism is in its high-temperature position.
  • the snap-action disk is a bistable snap-action disk that assumes either a high-temperature configuration or a low-temperature configuration depending on the temperature.
  • the spring washer is a circular spring snap washer to which the contact member is attached in the middle.
  • the contact member is, for example, a movable contact part which is pressed by the spring snap-action disk against the first stationary contact, which is arranged inside on a cover of the housing of the known switch. With its edge, the spring snap washer presses against an inner bottom of a lower part of the housing, which acts as a second contact. In this way, the self-electrically conductive spring snap disk creates an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts.
  • the bimetal snap-action disk In its low-temperature position, the bimetal snap-action disk lies loosely on the contact part. If the temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk increases, it switches to its high-temperature position, in which its edge presses against the inside of the upper part of the housing and its center presses on the spring-action snap-action disk in such a way that it moves away from its first position switches to its second stable configuration, whereby the movable contact part is lifted off the stationary contact and the switch is opened.
  • the bimetal snap-action disk If the temperature of the switch cools down again, the bimetal snap-action disk returns to its low-temperature position. Its edge comes into contact with the edge of the spring snap disk and its center comes into contact with the upper part of the housing. However, the actuating force of the bimetal snap-action disk is not sufficient to allow the spring-action snap-action disk to return to its first configuration.
  • the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 The well-known switch remains open after being opened once until it has cooled down to a temperature below room temperature, for which a cold spray can be used, for example.
  • the spring snap-action disk is fixed with its edge on the lower part of the housing, while the bimetal snap-action disk is provided between the spring snap-action disk and the inner bottom of the lower part.
  • the spring snap-action disk presses the contact plate against the two stationary contacts. If the bimetal snap disk switches to its high-temperature position, its edge presses against the spring snap disk and its center pulls the spring snap disk away from the upper part, so that the contact plate comes out of contact with the two mating contacts.
  • contact plates, Spring snap washer and bimetal snap washer are captively connected to each other by a centrally running rivet.
  • this switch Due to its design, this switch has a self-holding function. However, in rare cases, strong mechanical shocks can cause the spring snap disk to spring back unintentionally.
  • a temperature-dependent switch with a current transmission element designed as a contact bridge is also known, in which the contact bridge is pressed against two stationary mating contacts via a closing spring. Via an actuating bolt, the contact bridge is in contact with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism, which consists of a bimetal snap washer and a spring washer, both of which are clamped at its edge.
  • the spring washer and the bimetal snap-action disc are both bistable in this switch, the bimetal snap-action disc is temperature-dependent and the spring washer is temperature-independent.
  • the bimetal snap-action disk If the temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk increases, it pushes the spring disk into its second configuration, in which it presses the actuating bolt against the contact bridge and thereby lifts it from the stationary mating contacts against the force of the closing spring.
  • this switch has the disadvantage that in the open state the spring washer lifts the contact bridge from the mating contacts against the force of the closing spring, so that the spring washer in its second configuration must reliably overcome the force of the closing spring.
  • the closing spring ensures that the contact bridge rests securely on the mating contacts when closed, a spring washer with very high stability is required in the second configuration.
  • a dome is formed on this spring tongue, which is pressed into its second configuration by a bimetallic plate also attached to the spring tongue, in which it distances the movable contact part from the stationary mating contact.
  • the dome must keep the movable contact part at a distance from the fixed mating contact against the closing force of the spring tongue clamped on one side, so that the dome must apply a high actuating force in its second configuration.
  • the known switch therefore has the disadvantages already discussed above, namely that high actuating forces have to be overcome, which leads to high manufacturing costs and an unsafe state in the cooling position.
  • the present invention is based on the object of developing the switch mentioned at the beginning in such a way that it is simpler and therefore more cost-effective to manufacture and yet a safe interruption of the circuit is guaranteed even in the cooling position of the switch and in the event of strong vibrations.
  • this object is achieved in a switch of the type mentioned at the outset in that the fusible medium is set up to melt when a temperature of the switch exceeds a melting temperature of the medium, which is lower than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part, in a molten state to come into contact with a part of the switching mechanism when it is in its second switching position, and then to solidify again and thereby lock the switching mechanism in its second switching position when the temperature of the switch falls below the melting temperature of the medium again.
  • the locking lock has the rear derailleur similar to the one from the DE 10 2018 100 890 B3 known switch, it cannot close again after being opened once, even if strong mechanical shocks occur.
  • the switch is consequently also locked, which is used synonymously in the context of the present invention.
  • the switch according to the invention is thus prevented from switching back.
  • the rear derailleur according to the present invention is not locked mechanically by latching. Instead, the rear derailleur is locked using a fusible medium that comes into contact with the rear derailleur in its second switching position (open position) and solidifies when the switch cools below the melting temperature of the medium.
  • an adhesive connection is preferably produced between a part of the switching mechanism and a part of the switch housing in which the switching mechanism is arranged.
  • the rear derailleur therefore adheres to part of the switch housing as soon as the medium solidifies. The rear derailleur can then no longer be moved.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part tries to snap back into its geometric low-temperature configuration when it reaches or falls below its switch-back temperature and thereby presses the movable contact member again against the first contact in order to establish an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts.
  • this renewed closing of the switch is prevented by the adhesive or cohesive connection, which is caused by the solidified medium between part of the switching mechanism and part of the switch housing.
  • the closing lock created in this way can be manufactured very easily in terms of production technology.
  • a fusible medium only needs to be arranged at a suitable location, which comes into contact with a part of the switching mechanism when it is in its second switching position.
  • the fusible medium should be able to solidify to create an adhesive connection between this part of the switching mechanism and a part of the switch housing.
  • the meltable medium is designed to come into contact with the movable contact member of the switching mechanism in the molten state when the switching mechanism is in its second switching position.
  • the fusible medium is designed to produce an adhesive or cohesive connection between the movable contact member of the switching mechanism and a part of the housing as soon as the temperature of the switch falls below the melting temperature of the medium again after the melting temperature of the medium has been exceeded and the medium solidifies.
  • the movable contact member is usually designed as a solid component, so that it is very suitable for being connected to a part of the housing by means of the initially melted and then solidified medium. Since the movable contact member usually offers a very large contact surface for such an adhesive or cohesive connection to the housing, particularly on its underside, a mechanically very stable closing lock can be created by the adhesive or cohesive connection.
  • the meltable medium is stored in a reservoir that is arranged in the housing.
  • the fusible medium is stored in a reservoir with which the movable contact member comes into contact when the temperature-dependent snap part snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position to its second switching position .
  • Such a reservoir can be realized, for example, by a recess, a substantially cup-shaped receptacle or a simple container that is arranged inside the switch.
  • Storing the meltable medium within such a reservoir has the advantage that the medium does not spread within the switch after it melts and could thereby affect other components of the switch. Furthermore, such a reservoir has the advantage that the position of the fusible medium can be aligned in an exact manner relative to the switching mechanism, so that it can be guaranteed that the movable contact member in the second switching position of the switching mechanism with the reservoir or that located therein fusible medium comes into contact.
  • the housing has a lower part closed by an upper part, the first stationary contact or each of the two stationary contacts being arranged on an inside of the upper part, and the reservoir being arranged in the lower part in such a way that that the movable contact member comes into contact with the medium with its underside facing away from the upper part when the temperature-dependent snap part snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position into its second switching position.
  • the reservoir is particularly preferably arranged on an inner floor surface of the lower part below the movable contact member.
  • the reservoir is integrated directly into the inner bottom surface of the lower part.
  • a closed contour can be introduced into the inner floor surface, which serves as a receptacle for the meltable medium.
  • the reservoir can also have a bead protruding from the inner floor surface be formed, which forms a closed, for example circular contour that surrounds the fusible medium.
  • the reservoir has a container which is connected to the lower part in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or material-locking manner.
  • the container can, for example, be a type of inlay that is inserted into the lower part of the housing and is welded, soldered or glued to the inner base surface.
  • the container can be flanged to the inner bottom surface of the lower part or fastened to it in a clamping manner.
  • the fusible medium is a solder.
  • the fusible medium is particularly preferably a soft solder. In principle, however, a hard solder can be used.
  • solder has the particular advantage that this creates a mechanically extremely stable, cohesive connection between the part of the switching mechanism and the part of the housing, which are connected to one another by the solder.
  • the melting temperature of the medium or solder is higher than the switch-back temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part.
  • the melting temperature of the fusible medium or solder is lower than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part.
  • the switching mechanism has a temperature-independent spring part which is connected to the movable contact member, the temperature-dependent snap part when the switching temperature is exceeded acts on the spring part and thereby lifts the movable contact member from the first contact.
  • the spring part is a bistable spring part with two temperature-independent, stable geometric configurations.
  • the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer, it is preferred that the spring washer presses the movable contact member against the first contact in its first stable configuration and keeps the movable contact member at a distance from the first contact in its second stable configuration.
  • This has the advantage that the spring washer causes the closing force and thus the contact pressure between the movable contact member and the first contact when the switch is in the closed state (in the first switching position of the switching mechanism). This mechanically relieves the temperature-dependent snap part, which positively influences its service life and the long-term stability of its response temperature (switching temperature).
  • the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer with two temperature-independently stable geometric configurations, this has the additional advantage that the bistable spring washer holds the switch in its open state after opening. Even if the temperature-dependent snap part then wants to snap back into its low-temperature configuration after the switch has cooled down to the switch-back temperature, the spring washer holds the switch in its open position in addition to the closing lock described above.
  • the melting temperature of the medium or solder is lower than the switch-back temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part. If the switch that is already open (switching mechanism in the second switching position) cools down to the switch-back temperature, the closing lock is not yet activated because the medium or solder has not yet solidified. However, the bistable spring part still holds the switch in its open position. If the switch then cools further down to the melting temperature of the medium or solder, the closing lock is ultimately activated.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part is fixed to the movable contact member, but in its geometric low-temperature configuration is otherwise freely suspended inside the housing without being supported on the housing or another part of the switch.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part cannot be supported on the housing or on another part of the switch in its low-temperature configuration, the temperature-dependent snap part cannot then generate a closing force that presses the movable contact member against the first contact.
  • the closing force is generated by the temperature-independent spring part.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part snaps back into its low-temperature configuration close to the switch cooling below the switch-back temperature, the temperature-dependent snap part essentially snaps "into the void", so that the switch is not closed again.
  • the bistable spring part then holds the switch in its open position.
  • the closing lock takes effect as soon as the medium or solder has solidified when its melting temperature is reached.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part is preferably designed as a bistable bi- or tri-metal snap disk.
  • the movable contact member comprises a movable contact part that cooperates with the first contact, and that the spring part cooperates with the second contact, it being further preferred that the spring part is electrically connected over its edge at least in its first geometric configuration is connected to the second contact.
  • This configuration is basically from the DE 10 2018 100 890 B3 , the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 or the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known. It causes the temperature-dependent Snap part is not exposed to temperature in any position of the switch, but rather that the load current of the electrical device to be protected flows through the spring part.
  • the movable contact member includes a current transmission member that interacts with both contacts.
  • the advantage here is that the switch can carry significantly higher currents than the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 well-known switches.
  • the current transmission element arranged on the contact element ensures that the electrical short circuit between the two contacts occurs when the switch is closed, so that not only the temperature-dependent snap part, but also the temperature-independent spring part are no longer subject to the load current flowing through, as is already the case in principle DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 is known.
  • a switch 10 is shown in a schematic, sectioned side view, which is rotationally symmetrical in plan view and preferably has a circular shape.
  • the switch 10 has a housing 12 in which a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is arranged.
  • the housing 12 includes a pot-like lower part 16 and an upper part 18, which is held on the lower part 16 by a bent or flanged edge 20.
  • both the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 are made of an electrically conductive material, preferably metal.
  • a spacer ring 22 is arranged between the lower part 16 and the upper part 18, which supports the upper part 18 with the interposition of an insulating film 24 and keeps the upper part 18 at a distance from the lower part 16.
  • the insulating film 24 ensures electrical insulation of the upper part 18 from the lower part 16.
  • the insulating film 24 also ensures a mechanical seal, which prevents liquids or contaminants from outside entering the interior of the housing.
  • the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 in this exemplary embodiment are each made of electrically conductive material, thermal contact can be established with an electrical device to be protected via their outer surfaces.
  • the outer surfaces also serve as the external electrical connection of the switch 10.
  • the rear derailleur 14 has a temperature-independent spring part 28 and a temperature-dependent snap disk 30.
  • the spring part 28 is preferably designed as a bistable spring washer. This spring washer 28 therefore has two geometric configurations that are stable regardless of temperature. In Fig. 1 their first configuration is shown.
  • the temperature-dependent snap disk 30 is preferably designed as a bimetal snap disk.
  • the bimetal snap disk 30 has two temperature-dependent configurations, a high-temperature geometric configuration and a low-temperature geometric configuration. In the in Fig. 1 In the first switching position of the switching mechanism 14 shown, the bimetal snap disk 30 is in its geometric low-temperature configuration.
  • the spring washer 28 rests with its edge 32 on a circumferential shoulder 34 formed in the lower part 16 and is clamped between this shoulder 34 and the spacer ring 22.
  • the bimetal snap disk 30 is in its in Fig. 1 However, the low temperature configuration shown is freely hanging. It hangs freely with its edge 36 and is not supported by this on any part of the housing 12 or on any other part of the switch 10.
  • the spring washer 28 With its center 40, the spring washer 28 is fixed to a movable contact member 42 of the switching mechanism 14.
  • the bimetal snap disk 30 is also fixed with its center 44 on the movable contact member 42.
  • the movable contact member 42 has a ring 46 which surrounds the movable contact member 42. This ring 46 is preferably pressed onto the movable contact member 42. It has a circumferential shoulder 47 on which the snap disk 30 rests with its center 44.
  • the spring washer 28 is clamped between the ring 40 and the upper widened portion of the contact member 42.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is a captive unit made up of contact member 42, spring washer 28 and bimetal snap-action disk 30.
  • the movable contact member 42 has a movable contact part 38 on its upper side.
  • the movable contact part 38 works together with a fixed mating contact 48, which is arranged on the inside of the upper part 18.
  • This counter contact 48 is also referred to here as the first stationary contact.
  • the outside of the lower part 16 serves as the second stationary contact 50.
  • the switch 10 In the in Fig. 1 In the position shown, the switch 10 is in its low-temperature position, in which the temperature-independent spring washer 28 is in its first configuration and the temperature-dependent snap-action disk 30 is in its low-temperature configuration.
  • the spring washer 28 presses the movable contact part 38 against the first stationary contact 48.
  • An electrically conductive connection is thus established between the first stationary contact 48 and the second stationary contact 50 via the movable contact member 42 and the spring washer 28.
  • the contact pressure between the movable contact part 38 and the first stationary contact 48 is generated by the temperature-independent spring washer 28.
  • the temperature-dependent bimetal snap disk 30, however, is almost force-free in this state.
  • the temperature of the device to be protected and thus the temperature of the switch 10 and the bimetal snap disk 30 arranged therein increases to the switching temperature of the snap disk 30 or above this switching temperature, it snaps from its position Fig. 1 shown, convex low-temperature configuration into its concave high-temperature configuration, which is in Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the bimetal snap disk 30 is supported with its edge 36 on a part of the switch 10, in this case on the edge 32 of the spring washer 28. With its center 44, the bimetal snap disk 30 pulls the movable contact member 42 downwards and lifts the movable contact part 38 from the first stationary contact 48.
  • Fig. 2 shows the high temperature position of the switch 10, in which it is open. The circuit is then interrupted.
  • the spring washer 30 snaps when reached the switch-back temperature returns to its low temperature position, as in, for example Fig. 1 is shown. If the bimetal snap-action disk 30 cannot be supported on a part of the switch 10 in this low-temperature position, it essentially snaps "into the void". Due to the bistability of the temperature-independent spring washer 28, the switch 10 would then remain open anyway.
  • a closing lock 51 is caused by a fusible medium 54 which is arranged on the inner bottom surface 56 of the lower part 16.
  • This fusible medium is preferably a solder, particularly preferably a soft solder.
  • This solder 54 is preferably stored in a reservoir or container that is arranged on and/or integrated into the inner floor surface 56.
  • the fusible medium or solder 54 melts as soon as the temperature of the switch 10 reaches or exceeds a melting temperature of the medium or solder 54. If the solder 54 then comes into contact with a part of the switching mechanism 14 in this molten state and then solidifies again when the switch 10 and thus the solder 54 cool down again to a temperature below the melting temperature of the solder 54, the solder then solidifies for a cohesive or at least adhesive connection between the part of the switching mechanism 14 with which it comes into contact in the molten state and the lower part 16 of the switch 10.
  • the movable contact member 42 comes into contact with the solder 54 as soon as the switch 10 is opened when the switching temperature is reached and the switching mechanism 14 is brought into its second switching position using the bimetal snap disk 30, as shown in Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the underside 55 of the movable contact member 42 comes into contact with the solder 54.
  • the movable contact member 42 at least partially dips its underside 55 into the reservoir 52 filled with the solder 54.
  • the solder 54 should then have already melted. Accordingly, a solder 54 is selected whose melting temperature is below the switching temperature of the bimetal snap disk 30.
  • the melting temperature of the Lots 54 can be chosen to be higher than the switch-back temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk 30, since in such a case the closing lock must already be activated (ie the solder must already have cooled down) before the bimetal snap-action disk 30 snaps back into its low-temperature position from its high-temperature position .
  • the solder 54 used for the closing lock 51 can in principle also come into contact with another part of the switching mechanism 14 when it is in its second switching position, for example with the bimetal snap disk 30.
  • the production of a material connection between the movable contact member 42 and However, the lower part 16 of the housing 12 using the solder 54 has the advantage that the movable contact member 42 is a relatively large and stable component that provides a large contact area for such a cohesive connection.
  • the reservoir 52 in which the solder 54 is preferably stored, can be made in various ways. It can be a simple recess or hole in the inner floor surface 56. Likewise, the reservoir 52 can be provided, for example, as a circular bead, which is arranged on the top of the inner floor surface 56 or introduced into it and forms a closed contour within which the solder 54 is stored. In principle, however, it is also possible to insert a separate vessel or a circumferential wall (for example a ring) as a separate component into the housing 12 of the switch 10 and to connect this to the inner base surface 56 in a non-positive, positive or material fit.
  • a separate vessel or a circumferential wall for example a ring
  • the medium 54 does not necessarily have to be a solder. It can also be another fusible material or an adhesive, which creates an adhesive connection between a part of the switching mechanism 14 and a part of the housing 12 in the second switching position of the switching mechanism 14.
  • Fig. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the switch 10 'according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows the closed position of the switch 10 ', in which the rear derailleur is located 14 'is in its first switching position.
  • Fig. 4 shows the open position of the switch 10 ', in which the rear derailleur 1' is in its second switching position.
  • the second exemplary embodiment shown differs from that in Fig. 1 and 2 shown, first embodiment essentially through the structure of the housing 12 'and through the structure of the switching mechanism 14'.
  • the closing lock 51 is also effected here by a meltable medium 54, which is preferably arranged in a reservoir 52 on the inner bottom surface 56 of the lower part 16 'and in the second switching position of the switching mechanism 14' for a cohesive or at least adhesive connection between the contact member 42 'and the lower part 16' and thus prevents the switch 10' from switching back.
  • the lower part 16 ' is in the in Fig. 3 and 4 shown, second embodiment again made of electrically conductive material.
  • the flat upper part 18' is made here from electrically insulating material. It is held on the lower part 16' by a bent edge 20'.
  • a spacer ring 22' is provided between the upper part 18' and the lower part 16', which keeps the upper part 18' at a distance from the lower part 16'.
  • the upper part 18' On its inside 58, the upper part 18' has a first stationary contact 48' and a second stationary contact 50'.
  • the contacts 48' and 50' are designed as rivets which extend through the upper part 18' and terminate externally in the heads 60, 62 which serve for the external connection of the switch 10'.
  • the movable contact member 52 here comprises a current transmission member 64, which is designed here as a contact plate, the top of which is coated in an electrically conductive manner, so that it is in the in Fig. 3 shown system on the contacts 48' and 50' ensures an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts 48' and 50'.
  • the current transmission member 64 is connected to the spring washer and the bimetal snap washer 30 via a rivet 66, which is also to be viewed as part of the contact member 42 '. This rivet 66 comes into contact with the fusible medium or solder with its underside 55 in the second switching position of the switching mechanism 14 '(see Fig.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 A significant advantage of the in Fig. 3 and 4
  • the switch structure shown can be seen in that, in contrast to that in Fig. 1 and 2
  • no current flows either through the spring washer 28 or through the bimetal snap-action disk 30 when the switch is in the closed state. This only flows from the first external connection 60 via the first stationary contact 48 ', the current transmission member 64 and the second stationary contact 50' to the second external connection 62.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Commutateur dépendant de la température (10), qui présente un premier et un deuxième contact fixe (48, 50) ainsi qu'un mécanisme de commutation dépendant de la température (14) pourvu d'un élément de contact mobile (42), dans lequel le mécanisme de commutation (14), dans sa première position de commutation, pousse l'élément de contact (42) contre le premier contact (48) en établissant ainsi par l'intermédiaire de l'élément de contact (42) une liaison électriquement conductrice entre les deux contacts (48, 50), et dans sa deuxième position de commutation, maintient l'élément de contact (42) écarté du premier contact (48) en coupant ainsi la liaison électriquement conductrice entre les deux contacts (48, 50), dans lequel le mécanisme de commutation dépendant de la température (14) présente une pièce d'enclenchement dépendante de la température (30) qui, en cas de dépassement d'une température de commutation, passe de sa configuration géométrique basse température à sa configuration géométrique haute température, et qui, en cas de soupassement consécutif d'une température de retour, repasse de sa configuration géométrique haute température à sa configuration géométrique basse température, dans lequel un passage de la pièce d'enclenchement dépendante de la température (30) de sa configuration géométrique basse température à sa configuration géométrique haute température fait passer le mécanisme de commutation (14) de sa première position de commutation à sa deuxième position de commutation et ouvre ainsi le commutateur (10), et dans lequel un verrouillage de fermeture (51) est prévu qui présente un milieu fusible (54) et empêche toute refermeture du commutateur (10) une fois ouvert en maintenant le mécanisme de commutation (14) dans sa deuxième position de commutation,
    caractérisé en ce que le milieu fusible (54) est conçu pour fondre lorsqu'une température du commutateur (10) dépasse une température de fusion du milieu (54) qui est inférieure à la température de commutation de la pièce d'enclenchement dépendante de la température (30), pour, à l'état fondu, entrer en contact avec une partie du mécanisme de commutation (14) si celui-ci se trouve dans sa deuxième position de commutation, et ensuite pour se solidifier à nouveau et bloquer ainsi le mécanisme de commutation (14) dans la deuxième position de commutation de celui-ci lorsque la température du commutateur (10) soupasse à nouveau la température de fusion du milieu (54).
  2. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le commutateur (10) présente un boîtier (12), et en ce que le milieu fusible (54) est conçu pour établir un assemblage par adhérence ou par liaison de matière entre la partie du mécanisme de commutation (14) et une partie du boîtier (12) lorsque la température du commutateur (10) soupasse à nouveau la température de fusion du milieu (54) après l'avoir dépassée.
  3. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le milieu fusible (54) est conservé dans un réservoir (52) qui est disposé dans le boîtier (12).
  4. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le milieu fusible (54) est conçu, à l'état fondu, pour entrer en contact avec l'élément de contact mobile (42) lorsque le mécanisme de commutation (14) se trouve dans sa deuxième position de commutation.
  5. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (12) présente une partie inférieure (16) fermée par une partie supérieure (18), dans lequel le premier contact fixe (48) ou chacun des deux contacts fixes (48', 50') est disposé sur une face intérieure de la partie supérieure (18), et dans lequel le réservoir (52) est disposé dans la partie inférieure (16) de telle sorte que l'élément de contact mobile (42) entre en contact avec le milieu (54) par sa face inférieure (55) détournée de la partie supérieure (18) lorsque la pièce d'enclenchement dépendante de la température (30) passe de sa configuration géométrique basse température à sa configuration géométrique haute température et fait passer le mécanisme de commutation (14) de sa première position de commutation à sa deuxième position de commutation.
  6. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le réservoir (52) est disposé sur une surface de fond intérieure (56) de la partie inférieure (16) au-dessous de l'élément de contact mobile (42).
  7. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le réservoir (52) présente un récipient qui est relié à la partie inférieure (16) par friction, par complémentarité de forme et/ou par liaison de matière.
  8. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le milieu fusible (54) est un métal d'apport.
  9. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la température de fusion du milieu (54) est supérieure à la température de retour de la pièce d'enclenchement dépendante de la température (30).
  10. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme de commutation (14) présente une pièce faisant ressort dépendante de la température (28) qui est reliée à l'élément de contact mobile (42), dans lequel la pièce d'enclenchement dépendante de la température (30), en cas de dépassement de la température de commutation, agit sur la pièce faisant ressort (28) en soulevant ainsi l'élément de contact mobile (42) du premier contact (48).
  11. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2, 3, 5, 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la pièce d'enclenchement dépendante de la température (30) est immobilisée contre l'élément de contact mobile (42), en étant toutefois par ailleurs suspendue librement dans sa configuration géométrique basse température à l'intérieur du boîtier (12) sans prendre appui sur le boîtier (12) ni aucune autre partie du commutateur (10).
  12. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la pièce d'enclenchement dépendante de la température (30) est un disque d'enclenchement bimétallique ou trimétallique.
  13. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact mobile (42) comprend une pièce de contact mobile (38) coopérant avec le premier contact (48), et en ce que la pièce faisant ressort (28) coopère avec le deuxième contact (50).
  14. Commutateur dépendant de la température selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de contact mobile (42') comprend un élément de transfert de courant (64) coopérant avec l'un des deux contacts (48', 50').
EP20196416.0A 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Commutateur dépendant de la température Active EP3796358B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019125452.3A DE102019125452B4 (de) 2019-09-20 2019-09-20 Temperaturabhängiger Schalter

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EP3796358A1 EP3796358A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
EP3796358B1 true EP3796358B1 (fr) 2024-01-03

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US (1) US11264194B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3796358B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112542350B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019125452B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK3796358T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2976439T3 (fr)

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DE102023104807B3 (de) * 2023-02-28 2024-05-16 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102023104836B3 (de) * 2023-02-28 2024-05-16 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk und temperaturabhängiger Schalter

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102019125452A1 (de) 2021-03-25
DK3796358T3 (da) 2024-04-02
DE102019125452B4 (de) 2021-04-22
CN112542350B (zh) 2023-12-26
CN112542350A (zh) 2021-03-23
US11264194B2 (en) 2022-03-01
EP3796358A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
ES2976439T3 (es) 2024-08-01
US20210090833A1 (en) 2021-03-25

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