EP4258315A2 - Commutateur dépendant de la température - Google Patents

Commutateur dépendant de la température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4258315A2
EP4258315A2 EP23194600.5A EP23194600A EP4258315A2 EP 4258315 A2 EP4258315 A2 EP 4258315A2 EP 23194600 A EP23194600 A EP 23194600A EP 4258315 A2 EP4258315 A2 EP 4258315A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
switch
snap
configuration
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23194600.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4258315A3 (fr
Inventor
Marcel P. Hofsaess
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4258315A2 publication Critical patent/EP4258315A2/fr
Publication of EP4258315A3 publication Critical patent/EP4258315A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/72—Switches in which the opening movement and the closing movement of a contact are effected respectively by heating and cooling or vice versa
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5409—Bistable switches; Resetting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/002—Thermally-actuated switches combined with protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/04—Bases; Housings; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/64—Contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H2037/528—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element the bimetallic element being composed of more than two layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H2037/5481—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting the bimetallic snap element being mounted on the contact spring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a temperature-dependent switch which has a first and a second stationary contact and at least one temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a movable contact member, wherein the at least one switching mechanism presses the contact member against the first contact in its first switching position and thereby electrically via the contact member establishes a conductive connection between the two contacts and keeps the contact member at a distance from the first contact in its second switching position.
  • the at least one temperature-dependent switching mechanism has a first temperature-dependent snap part, which snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration when a first switching temperature is exceeded and snaps back from its geometric high-temperature configuration back into its geometric low-temperature configuration when the temperature falls below a first switch-back temperature.
  • the switch also has a second temperature-dependent snap part, which snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration when a second switching temperature is exceeded and snaps again from its geometric high-temperature configuration into its geometric low-temperature configuration when the switch falls below a second switch-back temperature. Snapping the first snap part from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and/or snapping the second snap part from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration brings the at least one switching mechanism from its first switching position to its second switching position.
  • Such temperature-dependent switches are used in a known manner to protect electrical devices from overheating.
  • the switch is electrically connected in series with the device to be protected and its supply voltage and is mechanically arranged on the device in such a way that it is in thermal connection with it.
  • a temperature-dependent switching mechanism ensures that the two stationary contacts of the switch are electrically connected to one another below the response temperature of the switching mechanism. The circuit is therefore closed below the response temperature and the load current of the device to be protected can flow via the switch.
  • the switching mechanism lifts the movable contact member away from the counter contact, which opens the switch and interrupts the load current of the device to be protected.
  • the device which is now de-energized, can cool down again.
  • the switch that is thermally coupled to the device also cools down again and would then actually close again automatically.
  • the known switch is a switch in which, in addition to the usual switching mechanism, a second switching mechanism is used, which switches at a higher switching temperature than the first switching mechanism.
  • This additional, second switching mechanism serves, on the one hand, as a safety element that opens the switch even if, for example, the first switching mechanism is tired or has a malfunction for other reasons, or if a safety temperature is exceeded that is above the response temperature of the first switching mechanism.
  • the first switching mechanism is therefore responsible for the usual opening and closing, whereas the second switching mechanism only becomes active when its own response temperature, which is above the response temperature of the first switching mechanism, is exceeded.
  • the second rear derailleur can also provide a so-called self-holding function. It keeps the switch open even if the first switching mechanism snaps back into its low-temperature configuration when it falls below its switch-back temperature and wants to close the switch. The second derailleur can then prevent the switch from switching back.
  • the so-called self-holding function is made from the DE 10 2007 063 650 B4 known switch in that the second switching mechanism has a temperature-independent bistable spring part, which holds the second switching mechanism and thus the switch in the open position even when the temperature-dependent snap part of the second rear derailleur jumps back to its low temperature configuration. Switching back does not occur automatically when the switch is in the cool position. Therefore, the device to be protected cannot automatically switch on again after it has been switched off.
  • This type of self-holding of the switch is a safety function that is intended to prevent damage, as is the case, for example, with electric motors that are used as drive units.
  • This switch has a single temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a temperature-independent bimetal snap-action disk and a bistable spring disk that carries a movable contact or a current transmission member.
  • the bimetal snap washer When the bimetal snap washer is heated to a temperature above its response temperature, it lifts the movable contact or current transfer member against the force of the spring washer from one or two mating contacts, thereby pushing the spring washer into its second stable configuration in which the switching mechanism is located its high temperature position located. If the switch and thus the bimetal snap-action disk cool down again, it returns to its first configuration. Due to its design, its edge cannot be supported on a counter bearing, so that the spring washer remains in the configuration in which the switch is open.
  • This switch has a temperature-dependent, bistable snap-action disk and a temperature-independent, bistable spring disk.
  • the spring washer is designed as a circular spring snap washer, to which the movable contact member is attached in the middle.
  • the movable contact element In the low-temperature position of the switch, the movable contact element is held against the first by the spring snap disk pressed stationary contact, which is arranged on the inside of a cover of the housing. With its edge, the spring snap disk presses against an inner bottom of a lower part of the housing, which acts as a second contact of the switch. In this way, the self-electrically conductive spring snap disk creates an electrically conductive connection between the two stationary contacts of the switch.
  • the bimetal snap disk In its low-temperature position, the bimetal snap disk rests loosely on the movable contact. If the temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk increases, it switches to its high-temperature position, in which its edge presses against the inside of the lower part of the housing and its center presses on the spring snap-action disk in such a way that it moves away from its first position switches to its second stable configuration, whereby the movable contact member is lifted from the stationary contact and the switch is opened.
  • the bimetal snap-action disk If the temperature of the switch cools down again, the bimetal snap-action disk returns to its low-temperature position. Its edge comes into contact with the edge of the spring snap disk and its center comes into contact with the upper part of the housing. However, the actuating force of the bimetal snap-action disk is not sufficient to allow the spring-action snap-action disk to return to its first configuration.
  • the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 The well-known switch remains open after being opened until it has cooled down to a temperature below room temperature, for which a cold spray can be used, for example.
  • the bimetal snap disk has three functions: 1. snapping into its high-temperature configuration when its switching temperature is reached, 2. snapping back into its low-temperature configuration when the switch-back temperature is reached, and 3. even greater deflection when it cools further below room temperature.
  • the thermal hysteresis behavior of the bimetal snap-action disk must be designed over a very large temperature range. Guaranteeing this while maintaining precise switching behavior is only possible with great effort.
  • the present invention is based on the object of developing the temperature-dependent switch mentioned at the beginning in such a way that it can be provided with a self-holding function in a structurally simpler manner that is not susceptible to mechanical shocks.
  • the switch has a second temperature-dependent snap part in addition to a first temperature-dependent snap part, the switch-back temperature of the second snap part, which is referred to in the present case as the second switch-back temperature, being lower than the first switch-back temperature of the first snap part, which in the present case is the first Switch-back temperature is referred to, and that the second snap part is designed to be the contact member to be kept at a distance from the first stationary contact even if the switch has heated up above the switching temperatures of the two snap-on parts and has subsequently cooled to a temperature between the first and the second switch-back temperature.
  • the switching process which causes the switch to open and thus an interruption of the circuit, can therefore be effected in the switch according to the invention by both the first and the second snap part.
  • the two snap parts can therefore be designed in such a way that they snap from their respective low-temperature configuration to their respective high-temperature configuration when similar switching temperatures are reached.
  • the first switching temperature (switching temperature of the first snap part) and the second switching temperature (switching temperature of the second snap part) can therefore be located in a similar temperature range.
  • the switch is therefore always opened when one of the two switching temperatures is reached.
  • the self-holding function is effected in the switch according to the invention by the additional second snap part.
  • This second snap part keeps the movable contact member at a distance from the first stationary contact even when the switch cools down again below the switch-back temperature of the first snap part (first switch-back temperature) after it has been opened and the first snap part thus snaps back into its low-temperature configuration.
  • the first snap part tries to move the movable contact member back towards the first stationary contact of the switch in order to close the switch.
  • the switch according to the invention is therefore a switch with a reversible self-holding function.
  • the switch according to the invention is also compared to that from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switches are advantageous.
  • the self-holding function according to the invention is not effected by one and the same (single) snap part that must also cause the switch to open. Instead, in the switch according to the invention, the opening of the switch can be effected by the first snap part, whereas the self-holding function is effected by the second (extra) snap part.
  • the switching hysteresis of the second snap part in the switch according to the invention must also be designed over a similarly large temperature range as the switching hysteresis of the single snap part in the switch according to the invention DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 well-known switch.
  • the second snap part of the switch according to the invention does not have to have such precise switching behavior, since the accuracy of the switching behavior in the switch according to the invention is via the first snap part can be guaranteed.
  • the two snap parts of the switch according to the invention can therefore be designed much more simply and manufactured more cost-effectively than just one snap part, which has to take over both the switching and the self-holding function in the known switch.
  • the second switching temperature is equal to or higher than the first switching temperature.
  • the two snap parts of the switch according to the invention are designed such that the switching temperature of the second snap part, which is essentially responsible for the self-holding function, is the same or higher than the switching temperature of the first snap part.
  • both snap parts snap simultaneously or at least more or less simultaneously from their low-temperature configuration to their respective high-temperature configuration when the switch is heated. However, it is more or less irrelevant which of the two snap parts snaps first, since in this case the switch is opened as desired anyway.
  • the two snap parts can also be designed such that the switching temperature of the second snap part is higher than the switching temperature of the first snap part.
  • the first snap part is responsible for opening the switch, since it is already opened when the first switching temperature is reached. This has the particular advantage that the first snap part, whose switching hysteresis is designed for a smaller or narrower temperature range than the switching hysteresis of the second snap part, can be designed with less effort for precise switching behavior when the switching temperature (first switching temperature) is reached exactly.
  • the switching temperature of the second snap part i.e. the second switching temperature
  • the second switching temperature no longer has to be designed so precisely to an exact value that is necessary for safety reasons.
  • the "overshoot temperature”, in the range of which the second switching temperature can be located, is typically the temperature or the temperature range to which the switch typically increases to the maximum after it is switched off. Normally, after the switch is switched off, the temperature continues to rise slightly even if it is already open, as the switch continues to heat up due to the residual heat present.
  • the second switch-back temperature is lower than room temperature, in particular lower than 15 ° C.
  • the switch can only be closed again by (intentional) external cold exposure.
  • the second snap part in such a way that its switch-back temperature, i.e. the second switch-back temperature, is lower than 10 ° C.
  • the switch can only be switched back by placing it in a refrigerator or by applying a cold spray.
  • the at least one switching mechanism has a temperature-independent spring part which is connected to the movable contact member, the first snap part being exceeded when the first Switching temperature acts on the spring part and thereby lifts the movable contact member from the first contact.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism can therefore be designed in a conventional manner with a temperature-dependent (first) snap part and a temperature-independent spring part, apart from the additional temperature-dependent second snap part.
  • the second snap part is designed to exert an opening force on the movable contact member in its high-temperature configuration, which keeps the contact member at a distance from the first contact, and that the first snap part in its low-temperature configuration, together with the spring part, exerts an opening force that is opposite to the opening force Closing force exerts on the movable contact member, which is smaller in magnitude than the opening force.
  • the spring part is a bistable spring part with two temperature-independent, stable geometric configurations.
  • Such a bistable design of the spring part has the advantage that the self-holding of the switch is further improved, since the spring part is prevented from accidentally snapping from its one temperature-independent stable configuration to its other temperature-independent stable configuration.
  • first and/or the second snap part is/are designed as a bi- or tri-metal snap disk.
  • the movable contact member has a first component and a second component connected thereto in a force-fitting, material or form-fitting manner, the first snap part engaging on the first component and the second snap part engaging on the second component.
  • the movable contact member is constructed in two parts.
  • the two individual components of the movable contact member can be arranged one above the other.
  • the first component can serve as a first contact mechanism on which the first snap part is arranged.
  • the second component can serve as a second contact mechanism on which the second snap part is arranged.
  • the two components of the movable contact member can, for example, be welded, soldered or crimped together.
  • the first snap part can be held captively on the first component or first contact mechanism of the movable contact member.
  • the second snap part can be held captively on the second component or second contact mechanism. This has the advantage that the entire rear derailleur, including the first and second snap-on parts, can be prefabricated and inserted into the switch as a complete pre-assembled unit.
  • the switching mechanism also has a spring part, this can also be held captively on the first component or the first contact mechanism of the movable component.
  • the switch has a housing on which the first and second stationary contacts are provided and in which the at least one switching mechanism is arranged.
  • the housing can be an individual housing of the switch or a pocket on the device to be protected from overheating.
  • the housing has a lower part closed by an upper part, the first stationary contact or each of the two stationary contacts being arranged on an inside of the upper part.
  • This measure is also structurally known per se; in the switch according to the invention, it ensures that when the upper part is mounted on the lower part, the geometrically correct association between the first stationary contact or both stationary contacts and the movable contact member is simultaneously established.
  • the first snap part is fixed to the movable contact member, but is otherwise freely suspended in the interior of the housing in its geometric low-temperature configuration without being supported on the housing or another part of the switch.
  • the second snap part is preferably arranged in the housing of the switch in such a way that it can be supported on a part of the housing in its geometric low-temperature configuration.
  • the first snap part snaps back from its geometric high-temperature configuration to its geometric low-temperature configuration after opening the switch and subsequent cooling to a temperature below the first switch-back temperature, the first snap part cannot be supported on the housing or another part of the switch and therefore cannot Apply closing force to the movable contact member. If the switch has not yet cooled down to a temperature below the second switch-back temperature at this point in time, it is the second snap part is still in its high temperature configuration in which it holds the switch in its open position.
  • the first snap part in this case does not counteract the second snap part despite its already achieved low-temperature configuration. This not only improves the self-holding function, but also extends the service life of the two snap-in parts, as they do not work against each other unnecessarily.
  • a disc-, plate- or ring-shaped support element is arranged locally between the first and the second snap part, which has a hole through which the movable contact member protrudes and on which the second snap part is located at least in its geometric high-temperature configuration.
  • This support element serves not only to support the second snap part in its geometric high-temperature configuration, in which it holds the switch in its open position and interrupts the circuit.
  • the support element also serves to divide the space within the switch housing, so that the two snap parts are separated from each other.
  • the support element thus also prevents damage to the two snap parts that could otherwise occur if they rest directly against one another or act directly on one another.
  • first snap part is arranged locally between the upper part and the support element and the second snap part is arranged locally between the support element and the lower part.
  • the first snap part is arranged in the upper housing area and the second snap part in the lower housing area of the switch, whereby the two housing areas are separated from each other by the support element. Only the movable contact member, on which the two snap parts act, projects through the hole in the support element from the upper housing part into the lower housing part.
  • the movable contact member comprises a movable contact part which interacts with the first stationary contact, and that the spring washer interacts with the second stationary contact.
  • the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer, which, at least in its first configuration, is electrically connected to the second stationary contact via its edge.
  • the movable contact member comprises a current transmission member that interacts with both stationary contacts.
  • the switch can carry significantly higher currents than the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 well-known switches.
  • the movable contact element ensures an electrical short circuit between the two stationary contacts, so that not only the two snap parts, but also the spring part are no longer subject to the load current of the electrical device to be protected.
  • such a structure is already available DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known.
  • a switch 10 is shown in a schematic, sectioned side view, which is rotationally symmetrical in plan view and preferably has a circular shape.
  • the switch 10 has a housing 12 in which a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is arranged.
  • the housing 12 includes a pot-like lower part 16 and an upper part 18, which is held on the lower part 16 by a bent or flanged edge 20.
  • both the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 are made of an electrically conductive material, preferably metal.
  • the upper part 18 rests on a shoulder 24 running around the interior of the lower part 16 with the interposition of an insulating film 22.
  • the insulating film 22 ensures electrical insulation of the upper part 18 from the lower part 16. In addition, the insulating film 22 also ensures a mechanical seal, which prevents liquids or contaminants from outside entering the interior of the housing.
  • the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 in this exemplary embodiment are each made of electrically conductive material, thermal contact can be established with an electrical device to be protected via their outer surfaces.
  • the outer surfaces also serve as the external electrical connection of the switch 10.
  • the switching mechanism 14 has a temperature-independent spring part 28 designed as a spring washer and a temperature-dependent snap part 30 designed as a snap disk.
  • the spring part 28 is preferably designed as a bistable spring washer.
  • the spring washer 28 therefore has two temperature-independent, stable geometric configurations. In Fig. 1 their first geometric configuration is shown.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part 30, which is referred to here as the first snap part 30, is designed, for example, as a bistable snap disk.
  • the snap disk 30 has two temperature-dependent configurations, a high-temperature geometric configuration and a low-temperature geometric configuration. In the in Fig. 1 In the first switching position of the switching mechanism 14 shown, the first snap disk 30 is in its low-temperature configuration.
  • the spring washer 28 rests with its edge 32 on an inner floor surface 38 of the lower part 16.
  • the inner bottom surface 34 is essentially concave and at the point where the edge 32 of the spring washer 28 in the in Fig. 1 shown first switching position rests slightly higher than the central area of the inner floor surface 34.
  • the first snap disk 30 lies with its edge 36 in its in Fig. 1 shown low temperature configuration on the spring washer 28.
  • the spring washer 28 With its center 38, the spring washer 28 is fixed to a movable contact member 40 of the switching mechanism 14.
  • the first snap disk 30 is also fixed to this contact member 40 with its center 42.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is a captive unit consisting of contact member 40, spring washer 28 and first snap-action disk 30.
  • a second snap part 44 is arranged above the first snap disk 30 is in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment.
  • This second snap part 44 is, similar to the first snap part 30, preferably as a temperature-dependent, bistable snap disk designed.
  • This second snap disk 44 also preferably has two temperature-independent configurations, a geometric high-temperature configuration and a geometric low-temperature configuration.
  • the second snap disk 44 In the in Fig. 1 In the first switching position of the switching mechanism 14 shown, the second snap disk 44 is in its geometric low-temperature configuration.
  • the second snap disk 44 is located in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment preferably on the first snap disk 30.
  • the second snap disk 44 is not firmly connected to the first snap disk 30.
  • the second snap disk 44 is also not firmly connected to the movable contact member 40. It is controlled by the rear derailleur 14 in its in Fig. 1
  • the low temperature configuration shown is only worn or rests on it from above.
  • the second snap disk 44 significantly influences the switching behavior of the switch 10, just like the first snap disk 30, the second snap disk 44 can fundamentally be viewed as part of the rear derailleur 14. Depending on the definition, the second snap disk 44 can also be viewed as a separate component.
  • the movable contact member 40 has a movable contact part 46 on its upper side.
  • the movable contact part 46 works together with a fixed mating contact 48, which is arranged on the inside of the upper part 18.
  • This counter contact 48 is referred to here as the first stationary contact.
  • the second stationary contact 50 serves as the in Fig. 1 Switch 10 shown is the outside of the lower part 16.
  • the switch 10 In the in Fig. 1 In the position shown, the switch 10 is in its low-temperature position (first switching position), in which the spring washer 28 is in its first configuration and the two snap-action disks 40, 44 are in their respective low-temperature configuration.
  • the spring washer 28 presses the movable contact part 46 against the first stationary contact 48.
  • the low-temperature position of the switch 10 according to Fig. 1 is therefore an electrically conductive connection between the first stationary contact 48 and the second stationary contact 50 via the movable contact member 42 and the spring washer 30.
  • the first snap disk 30 is supported with its edge 36 on the second snap disk 44, the second snap disk 44 in turn being clamped between the first snap disk 30 and the upper part 18 or the insulating film 22.
  • the first snap disk 30 pulls the movable contact member 40 downwards and lifts the movable contact part 46 from the first stationary contact 48.
  • it simultaneously bends the spring washer 28 downwards at its center 38, so that the spring washer 28 moves away from its in Fig. 1 shown first stable geometric configuration in their in Fig. 2 shown second geometrically stable configuration snapped around.
  • the circuit is then interrupted.
  • the switching process that moves the switch 10 from its in Fig. 1 shown closed position into its in Fig. 2 Open position occurs when the switching temperature of the first snap disk 30 is reached or exceeded. This switching temperature is referred to here as the first switching temperature.
  • the second snap disk 44 is designed such that its switching temperature, at which it snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration, is slightly higher than the first switching temperature.
  • the switching temperature of the second snap disk 44 is referred to here as the second switching temperature.
  • Fig. 2 shows the switch 10 in its second switching position, in which the first switching temperature has been reached or exceeded, but the second switching temperature has not yet been reached.
  • the second snap disk 44 is located in the in Fig. 2 shown, second switching position of the switch 10 is therefore still in its geometric low-temperature configuration, as shown in Fig. 1 is shown. However, since the second snap disk 44 is not firmly connected to the movable contact member 40, the second snap disk 44 in this position does not exert any force on the movable contact member 40 other than that exerted by the spring washer 28 and the first snap disk 30 on the movable contact member 40 force counteracts. The switch 10 is therefore always opened when the first switching temperature is reached.
  • the temperature of the switch 10 and thus also the temperature of the second snap disk 44 increases after reaching the in Fig. 2 In the switching position shown even further beyond the second switching temperature, the second snap disk 44 also snaps from its position Fig. 2 shown, convex low temperature position in the in Fig. 3 shown, concave high temperature position. It is then supported with its edge 52 on the upper part 18 or the insulating film 22 arranged underneath and presses with its center 54 on the first snap disk 30. As a result, the second snap disk 44 also exerts a force on the movable contact member 40, which movable contact part 46 is spaced from the first stationary contact 48.
  • the switching temperature of the second snap-action disk 44 is preferably located at this overshoot temperature or in this overshoot temperature range and is therefore preferably only slightly higher than the first switching temperature of the first snap-action disk 30.
  • the second snap disk 44 in such a way that it moves from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration at the same time as the first snap disk 30 snapped.
  • the second switching temperature would correspond to the first switching temperature.
  • the function of the switch 10 would basically remain the same, since it would also be opened when the first switching temperature was reached. In this case, however, it would come directly from the in Fig. 1 shown, first switching position to that in Fig. 3 shown, third switching position, in which both snap disks 30, 44 are snapped into their high-temperature configuration.
  • the second switching temperature it would even be possible for the second switching temperature to be lower than the first switching temperature, so that when the switch 10 is heated, the second snap-action disk 44 snaps into its high-temperature configuration in front of the first snap-action disk and opens the switch.
  • the first snap disk 30 is responsible for opening the switch 10, i.e. that the first switching temperature is lower than the second switching temperature or at least the same as the second switching temperature.
  • the switch 10 Since the circuit of the electrical device to be protected is interrupted, the switch 10 now cools down again. As soon as the switch 10 has cooled to or below the switch-back temperature of the first snap disk 30 (first switch-back temperature), it snaps out of its position Fig. 3 shown high temperature position back into its low temperature position and thereby pulls the spring washer 28 upwards again towards its first configuration. However, since the switch-back temperature of the second snap-action disk 44 (second switch-back temperature) is lower than the first switch-back temperature, the second snap-action disk 44 still remains in its high-temperature configuration when the first switch-back temperature is reached. This results in the in Fig. 4 fourth switching position shown, in which the movable contact part 46 remains spaced from the first stationary contact 48 and the switch 10 is therefore still open.
  • the second snap disk 44 exerts a greater spring force on the movable contact member 40 than the first snap disk 30 and the spring washer 28 together, which actually try to move the movable contact part 46 in the direction of the first stationary contact 48.
  • the second snap disk 44 has a higher spring constant than the first snap disk 30 and the spring disk 28 together.
  • the second snap disk 44 ensures the self-holding function, which keeps the switch 10 open even after the first switch-back temperature has fallen below.
  • This self-holding function is only deactivated when the switch 10 also cools down to or below the second switch-back temperature. Only then does the second snap disk 44 snap again from its high-temperature configuration to its low-temperature configuration, so that the switch 10 is closed and the in Fig. 1 shown first switching position results.
  • the second snap-action disk 44 is preferably designed such that its second switch-back temperature is below room temperature. Once the switch 10 has been opened, it can only be switched back by means of external cold treatment, for example using a cold spray.
  • the switch 10 according to in Fig. 5 The second exemplary embodiment shown is basically based on the same functionality as the switch 10 according to FIG Fig. 1-4 shown, first embodiment.
  • This switch 10 also has, in addition to a spring part 28 designed as a temperature-dependent spring washer, a first snap part 30 designed as a temperature-dependent snap disk and a second snap part 44 also designed as a temperature-dependent snap disk.
  • the second snap disk 44 effects the self-holding function of the switch 10, which is caused in particular by the fact that the (second) switch-back temperature of the second snap disk 44 is lower than the (first) switch-back temperature of the first snap disk 30.
  • the structure of the rear derailleur 14' is the same as in Fig. 5 shown, second embodiment of the switch 10 but slightly different than in the first embodiment.
  • the movable contact part 46' of the movable contact member 40' has a slightly different shape here.
  • the movable contact member 40' has a ring 56 which surrounds the contact member 40'. This ring 56 is preferably pressed onto the movable contact part 46 '.
  • the ring 56 has a circumferential shoulder 58 on which the first snap disk 30 rests with its center 42.
  • the edge 36 of the first snap disk 30 is supported in the in Fig. 5 shown low temperature configuration of the first snap disk 30 not on the housing 12.
  • the edge 36 of the first snap disk 30 is freely hanging in the low-temperature configuration.
  • the first snap disk 30 In the in Fig. 5 In the closed state of the switch 10 shown, the first snap disk 30 therefore exerts no force on the movable contact member 40 '.
  • the contact pressure between the movable contact part 46 'of the movable contact member 40' and the first stationary contact 48 is at least partially caused by the spring washer 28 when the switch 10 is in the closed state.
  • the spring washer 28 is clamped with its center 38 between the ring 56 and the widened upper section of the contact member 40 '.
  • the spring washer 28 rests with its edge 32 on a spacer element 60.
  • This spacer element 60 is preferably designed as a spacer ring which is inserted into the lower part 16 of the housing 12.
  • a circumferential shoulder 62 is provided on this spacer element 60, which serves as a support for the edge 32 of the spring washer 28.
  • the spacer element 60 is clamped between two further spacer rings 64, 66.
  • the spacer ring 64 is arranged above the edge 32 of the spring washer 28 and clamped between the spacer ring 60 and the upper part 18 with the insulating film 22 in between.
  • the spacer ring 66 is arranged below the spacer ring 60 and clamped between it and the lower part 16 of the housing 12.
  • a first component 68 which carries or forms the movable contact part 46 '
  • a second component 70 is on an underside of the first component facing away from the first stationary contact 48 68 arranged.
  • the two components 68, 70 of the movable contact member 40' are preferably connected to one another in a force-fitting, material- or form-fitting manner.
  • these two components 68, 70 can be welded, soldered or crimped together.
  • the second snap disk 44 engages the second component 70 of the movable contact member 40 '. It rests with its center 54 on a circumferential shoulder 72 formed on the second component 70 and is attached or fixed at this point to the movable contact member 40 '.
  • the edge 52 of the second snap disk 44 lies in the in Fig. 5 shown closed position of the switch 10, in which the second snap disk 30 is in its low-temperature configuration, on the inner bottom surface 34 of the lower part 16. In the closed position of the switch 10, the second snap disk 44 thus ensures, in addition to the spring washer 28, the contact pressure between the movable contact part 46 'and the first stationary contact 48.
  • a disc-, plate- or ring-shaped support element 74 is arranged in the housing 12, more precisely in the lower part 16. This support element 74 projects laterally from the outside into the interior of the housing 12. At its edge 76 it is clamped between the spacer ring 66 and the spacer ring 60. In its center, the support element 74 has a hole 78 through which the movable contact member 40 'protrudes.
  • the support element 74 divides the interior of the housing 12 into two areas, an upper area in which the spring washer 28 and the first snap washer 30 are arranged, and a lower area in which the second snap washer 44 is arranged.
  • the spring washer 28 and the first snap washer 30 are arranged locally between the upper part 18 and the support element 74, whereas the second snap washer 44 is arranged locally between the support element 74 and the lower part 16.
  • the general functionality of the in Fig. 5-8 The second exemplary embodiment of the switch 10 shown is fundamentally similar to the operation of the switch according to FIG Fig. 1-4 shown first embodiment.
  • the first snap disk 30 essentially serves to open the switch 10, i.e. to bring it from its first closed switching position into its second open switching position.
  • the second snap disk 44 essentially effects the self-holding function, which keeps the switch 10 open even if the first snap disk 30 snaps back from its high-temperature configuration to its low-temperature configuration after opening the switch 10. Therefore, in this exemplary embodiment of the switch 10, it is also provided that the (second) switching temperature of the second snap-action disk 44 is equal to or higher than the (first) switching temperature of the first snap-action disk 30. It is also provided here that the (second) switch-back temperature of the second snap-action disk 44 is lower than the (first) switch-back temperature of the first snap-action disk 30.
  • the first snap disk 30 snaps out of its position Fig. 5 shown low temperature configuration in their in Fig. 6 high temperature configuration shown.
  • the first snap washer 30 is supported with its edge 36 on the underside of the spring washer 28 and thereby brings the spring washer 30 out of its position Fig. 5 shown, first geometric configuration in their in Fig. 6 shown, second geometric configuration.
  • the spring washer 28 and the first snap washer 30 exert a spring force on the movable contact member 40 'that is greater than that exerted by the second snap washer 44 on the movable contact member 40' exerted spring force, which acts in the opposite direction.
  • the second switching temperature is higher than the first switching temperature and the second switching temperature has not yet been reached, the second snap-action disk remains, as in Fig. 6 shown, still in its low-temperature configuration, in which it presses the movable contact member 40 'in the direction of the first stationary contact 48.
  • the movable contact part 46 ' is still lifted from the first stationary contact 48 when the first switching temperature is reached (see Fig. 6 ).
  • the spring washer 28 and the first snap washer 30 do not necessarily have to be designed in such a way that their spring force exerted together on the movable contact member 40 'is greater than the spring force exerted by the second snap washer 44 on the movable contact member 40'. If this is not the case, then the (second) switching temperature of the second snap-action disk 44 must be the same or even lower than the (first) switching temperature of the first snap-action disk 30. In this case, if the first switching temperature is reached, the in Fig. 6 shown switching position of the switch 10, but directly to the one in Fig. 7 shown switching position of the switch 10, in which both snap disks 30, 44 are in their high-temperature configuration.
  • the switch 10 would initially be in the when the first switching temperature is reached in Fig. 6 shown switching position and only when the second switching temperature is reached in the in Fig. 7 Switch position shown can be brought.
  • the switch 10 is opened when the first switching temperature is reached and the circuit is interrupted.
  • the second snap disk 44 In the in Fig. 7 In the switching position of the switch 10 shown, the second snap disk 44 is in its high-temperature configuration. She supports herself with her Edge 52 on the support element 74 and presses the movable contact member 40 'down with its center 54.
  • the first snap disk 30 snaps out of its position when the first switch-back temperature is reached Fig. 7 shown high temperature configuration back into its in Fig. 8 shown low temperature configuration.
  • the edge 36 of the first snap disk 30 cannot be supported on a part of the switch in its low-temperature configuration, but is freely hanging in the housing 12, the first snap disk 30 does not exert any force on the movable contact member 40 'in order to move the movable contact part 46'. to move in the direction of the first stationary contact 48.
  • Fig. 9 shows a third embodiment of the switch 10 according to the invention in its closed position (first switching position). Since the interaction of the spring washer 28, the first snap washer 30 and the second snap washer 44 is based on a functional principle that is essentially the same or at least very similar to that in Fig. 5-8 shown second exemplary embodiment, the further switching positions of the switch 10 according to this third exemplary embodiment are not shown again here.
  • the switch 10 according to in Fig. 9 differs from the previous exemplary embodiments essentially in the structure of the housing 12".
  • the lower part 16" is in turn made of electrically conductive material.
  • the flat upper part 18" here, however, is made of electrically insulating material. It is held on the lower part 16" by a bent edge 80.
  • a spacer ring 64" is provided between the upper part 18" and the lower part 16", which keeps the upper part 18" at a distance from the lower part 16".
  • the upper part 18" On its inside, the upper part 18" has a first stationary contact 48" and a second stationary one Contact 50".
  • the stationary contacts 48" and 50" are designed as rivets which extend through the upper part 18" and terminate externally in the heads 82, 84, which serve for the external connection of the switch 10.
  • the switching mechanism 14" is also designed differently here than before.
  • the movable contact member 40" includes a current transmission member 86, which is in the in Fig. 9
  • the exemplary embodiment shown is a contact plate, the top of which is coated in an electrically conductive manner, so that it is in the in Fig. 9 shown system on the contacts 48" and 50" ensures an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts 48" and 50".
  • the current transmission member 86 is connected to the spring washer 28 and the first snap washer 30 via a rivet 88, which is also to be viewed as part of the contact member 40". Similar to before, a second component 70" is arranged on the underside of this rivet 88, which is a circumferential shoulder 72" on which the second snap disk 44 rests with its center 54.
  • the switch structure shown can be seen in the fact that, in contrast to the first two in Fig. 1-8 shown embodiments of the switch 10, no current flows neither through the spring washer 28 nor through the two snap disks 30, 44 in the closed state of the switch 10. This only flows from the first external connection 82 via the first stationary contact 48", the current transmission element 86 and the second stationary contact 50" to the second external connection 84.
  • the other structure of the switching mechanism 14 in particular the arrangement of the spring washer 28 and the two snap disks 30, 44 does not necessarily have to correspond to the arrangement as shown in Fig. 9 is shown.
  • the arrangement of the spring washer 28 and the two snap disks 30, 44 does not necessarily have to be the same or similar to the arrangement them according to the in Fig. 5-8 shown, second exemplary embodiment was described, but can in principle also correspond to the arrangement as shown in in Fig. 1-4 shown, first embodiment was described.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
EP23194600.5A 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Commutateur dépendant de la température Pending EP4258315A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019125453.1A DE102019125453A1 (de) 2019-09-20 2019-09-20 Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
EP20196506.8A EP3796359A1 (fr) 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Commutateur dépendant de la température

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EP20196506.8A Division EP3796359A1 (fr) 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Commutateur dépendant de la température

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EP4258315A2 true EP4258315A2 (fr) 2023-10-11
EP4258315A3 EP4258315A3 (fr) 2024-01-17

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EP23194600.5A Pending EP4258315A3 (fr) 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Commutateur dépendant de la température

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DE102019125453A1 (de) * 2019-09-20 2021-03-25 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102022118405B3 (de) 2022-07-22 2023-08-24 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk und temperaturabhängiger Schalter mit einem solchen Schaltwerk
DE102022118402B3 (de) 2022-07-22 2023-08-24 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk, temperaturabhängiger Schalter und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerks
DE102022120446B3 (de) 2022-08-12 2023-11-30 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102022120445B3 (de) * 2022-08-12 2023-11-30 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102023104836B3 (de) 2023-02-28 2024-05-16 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk und temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102023104807B3 (de) 2023-02-28 2024-05-16 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter

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DE102013101392A1 (de) 2013-02-13 2014-08-14 Thermik Gerätebau GmbH Temperaturabhängiger Schalter

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Publication number Publication date
EP3796359A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
DE102019125453A1 (de) 2021-03-25
US20210090835A1 (en) 2021-03-25
US11476066B2 (en) 2022-10-18
EP4258315A3 (fr) 2024-01-17

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