EP3807920B1 - Tube de commutation sous vide et dispositif de commutation à haute tension - Google Patents

Tube de commutation sous vide et dispositif de commutation à haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3807920B1
EP3807920B1 EP19752936.5A EP19752936A EP3807920B1 EP 3807920 B1 EP3807920 B1 EP 3807920B1 EP 19752936 A EP19752936 A EP 19752936A EP 3807920 B1 EP3807920 B1 EP 3807920B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum interrupter
insulating element
electrodes
dielectric material
interrupter according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19752936.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3807920A1 (fr
Inventor
Katrin Benkert
Paul Gregor Nikolic
Martin Koletzko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3807920A1 publication Critical patent/EP3807920A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3807920B1 publication Critical patent/EP3807920B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66284—Details relating to the electrical field properties of screens in vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum interrupter according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a high-voltage switching arrangement according to claim 14.
  • gas or vacuum circuit-breakers are used to interrupt operating and residual currents.
  • circuit breaker chambers are connected in series in order to comply with the performance data prescribed by the standard.
  • the voltage distribution must be controlled.
  • the voltages are distributed 50% across the individual parts of the circuit-breaker chambers.
  • control elements are connected in parallel to the individual power switching chambers. Such a control element is usually a capacitor or a capacitor and a resistor connected in series. Control elements of this type require additional installation space and must be installed in an isolated manner, which leads to high technical and therefore cost-intensive expenditure overall.
  • a vacuum interrupter known from the prior art is used in DE-C-4447391 disclosed.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a vacuum interrupter for high-voltage applications and a high-voltage switching arrangement which, compared to the prior art, requires less technical effort to provide control elements.
  • the vacuum interrupter according to the invention as claimed in claim 1 comprises a housing with at least one annular ceramic insulator element which forms a vacuum space. Furthermore, the vacuum interrupter comprises a contact system with two contacts arranged to be movable in relation to one another.
  • the vacuum interrupter is characterized in that a capacitive element is provided with two electrodes and a dielectric material arranged between the electrodes, the capacitive element being attached to the insulator element in a form-fitting manner and having a capacitance of between 400 pF and 4000 pF.
  • the vacuum interrupter according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the necessary control element for distributing the voltage to the individual power switching chambers is integrated in the vacuum interrupter, specifically on the surface of the insulator element. This leads to savings in manufacturing costs and to lower technical outlay when providing the vacuum interrupter and to avoiding assembly costs.
  • a resistive element in addition to the capacitive element, ie the capacitor, there is also a resistive element, ie a resistor, also integrated in at least one insulator element. This can be applied in particular to a series connection of resistive element and capacitive element and to a series connection of these two elements.
  • the dielectric material of the capacitive element is applied in the form of a layer on a surface of the insulator element.
  • both the inner and the outer surface of the insulator element is suitable, but attaching the resistive element to the outer surface has the advantage that a greater selection of materials, eg a ferroelectric material embedded in an epoxy resin matrix, are available, since very special requirements are required for the inner surface be placed on the outgassing behavior of the materials.
  • the resistance of the resistive element preferably has a value between 100 ohms and 1500 ohms or between 10 8 and 10 15 ohms.
  • the dielectric material is preferably applied as a layer on the surface of the insulator element and the layer has a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m or 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the associated electrodes are arranged on an upper and a lower end face with respect to an extension of the insulator element along a switching axis. It is expedient here if the electrodes are integrated in solder points between insulator elements. Electrodes can easily be attached to these end faces and between them the dielectric material can be attached to the outer surface of the insulator element and thus be contacted. The integration of the electrodes in the solder points is useful but not necessary. The solder point itself can also serve as an electrode.
  • the electrodes are arranged in the form of a layer or a wrapping on the outer surface of the insulator element, so that the dielectric material is arranged on this in turn in a second layer or second winding and that one in one alternating layer sequence of electrodes and dielectric material on the outer surface of the insulator material, the capacitive element is produced.
  • a material with a high dielectric constant in particular a ferroelectric material, is suitable as the dielectric material; a titanate is particularly suitable, barium titanate being particularly preferred here.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is a high-voltage switching arrangement which comprises a vacuum interrupter according to one of the preceding claims and which also has a further interrupter unit connected in series therewith.
  • This is a high-voltage switching arrangement that is basically known from the prior art, but includes at least one vacuum interrupter according to the invention as a series-connected interrupter unit, so that the corresponding control elements, in particular capacitively acting capacitors, can be dispensed with in the high-voltage switching arrangement described.
  • one of the two interrupter units is preferably the described vacuum interrupter and a second interrupter unit is a gas-insulated switch. If a gas-insulated switch is used, conventional control elements must be connected in parallel to the gas-insulated switch.
  • FIG 1 a series connection of two interrupter units 32 according to the prior art is shown. These interrupter units 32 can be gas-insulated switches, but they can also be vacuum interrupters. Control elements 34 are connected in parallel with the series-connected interrupter units 32 in order to protect the individual interrupter units 32 in this series connection from overload. For this purpose, resistors or capacitors are used in parallel or in series connection. The voltages are thereby divided between the individual interrupter units 32 and overloading is prevented.
  • FIG 2 an embodiment is shown in which an interrupter unit 32 in the form of a vacuum interrupter 2 is connected in series with a further interrupter unit 32 .
  • the vacuum interrupter 2 has control elements 34, which are designed in the form of capacitive elements 12 and are integrated into the vacuum interrupter 2, as shown in FIG figure 3 is explained in more detail.
  • figure 3 shows a cross-section through a vacuum interrupter 2, which has a housing 3, the housing 3 having a plurality of insulator elements 4 and a metal screen 5 attached centrally.
  • the metal shield 5 is arranged in the housing 3 in such a way that it is stored in the position in which the contacts 9 and 10, which together form a contact system 8, are movably mounted along a switching axis 24.
  • the insulator elements 4 are of essentially cylindrical design, wherein they are also stacked on top of one another along the switching axis 24 and form a cylinder along this switching axis 24, which also form the cylinder axis.
  • the individual insulator elements 4 are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner, with a solder connection predominating in most cases.
  • the housing 3, which encloses the contact system 8, forms a vacuum space 8, which is vacuum-tight as a whole from the atmosphere.
  • control elements 34 are arranged on surfaces 20 , 21 of the insulator elements 4 , with at least one capacitive element 12 being applied to a surface 20 , 21 of the insulator element 4 .
  • control elements 34 are arranged on surfaces 20 , 21 of the insulator elements 4 , with at least one capacitive element 12 being applied to a surface 20 , 21 of the insulator element 4 .
  • electrodes 14 are provided, which are preferably arranged between end faces 25 and 26 of the insulator elements 4 along the switching axis 24 .
  • the electrodes 14 can be extensions of solder surfaces 27 which are used to connect the individual insulator elements 4 .
  • the electrodes 14 protrude a little way beyond the end faces 25 or 26 of the insulator elements 4, viewed radially to the axis 24, so that a dielectric material 16 is arranged on the outer surface 20 of the insulator element 4 between these protruding projections of the electrodes 14 is contacted by the electrodes 14.
  • the electrodes 14 contacting the dielectric material 16 together form the capacitive element 12.
  • a resistive material 19 is also arranged between electrodes 14 of basically the same construction and is contacted by them. Together with the electrodes, this results in the resistive element 18.
  • a capacitive element is arranged on the uppermost insulator element 4 on the outer surface 20, which is connected via the same electrodes 14 as the resistive one Element on the inside of the insulator element 4. This results in a parallel connection of the two control elements 34. Together with a further resistive element 18 on the adjacent insulator element 4 in figure 3 the equivalent circuit diagram results according to figure 4 .
  • the material used for the capacitive element 12, ie the dielectric material 16, is preferably a material with a high ⁇ r , ie a high dielectric constant, in order to set the desired capacitance.
  • the dielectric material can contain the barium titanate in concentrations which, given a predetermined layer thickness of the dielectric material 16 on the insulator element 4, lead to the desired capacitance.
  • a dielectric material is advantageous in which the barium titanate is embedded in an epoxy resin matrix.
  • the thickness of the layer of the dielectric material 16 of the capacitive element 12 is generally between 5 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m or between 1 mm and 5 mm.
  • figure 5 12 is an illustration of the vacuum interrupter 2 according to FIG figure 1 given, in which case the arrangement of the control elements 32 is distributed symmetrically on the housing 3 or on the insulator elements 4 with respect to the housing 3 . This enables a targeted voltage distribution along the housing 3 to different insulator elements 4. This is a series connection between a capacitive element 12 and a resistive element 18, as shown as an equivalent circuit diagram in FIG figure 6 is reproduced.
  • FIG 7 is also a vacuum interrupter 2 according to figure 1 shown, wherein on the outer surface 20 of the Insulator element 4 both a capacitive element 12 and a resistive element 18 are attached.
  • the dielectrically acting material 16 is on the inside, followed by insulation (not described in detail here) and then the resistive material 19. Both the dielectric material 16 and the resistive material 19 are formed with the electrodes 14 in accordance with the equivalent circuit diagram figure 8 connected in parallel.
  • a further resistive element 18, as already described, is applied to the subsequent insulator element 4, so that a further resistive element 18 is connected in series with the parallel connection of the resistive element 18 and the capacitive element 12, as is shown in FIG figure 8 shown as an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • This circuit can also be analogous to that figure 5 symmetrically repeated on the lower portion of the case 3.
  • the representation and the arrangement of the resistive or capacitive elements 12, 18 are exemplary embodiments. They could also be arranged on all other insulator elements 4. You can, and that applies to them Figures 3 , 5 , 7 and 9 likewise, all control elements 34 can be attached both to an inner surface 21 and to an outer surface 20 of the isolator elements 4.
  • FIG 9 An alternative embodiment of the capacitive element 12 is shown.
  • alternating layers of electrode 14 and dielectric material 16 are wrapped radially around the outer surface 20 of the insulator element 4 .
  • An enlarged view of section X in figure 9 is in figure 10 shown.
  • the layer sequence on the outer surface 20 with the electrode 14 and the dielectric material 16 can be seen here.
  • a dielectric material 16 is sandwiched by a layer of conductive electrode material in the form of electrode 14, respectively.
  • the corresponding desired capacitances of the control element 34 can be set more precisely by the number of individual layers.
  • the corresponding equivalent circuit diagram is in figure 11 given.
  • a capacitance or a capacitive element 12 is shown here merely as an example.
  • the vacuum interrupter shown can be used with additional controls, as shown in the Figures 3 , 5 and 7 are described, can be provided in any combination as required, both inside and outside.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Tube (2) de commutation sous vide comprenant
    - un boîtier (3) ayant au moins un élément (4) isolateur annulaire en céramique, qui forme un espace (6) sous vide,
    - un système (8) de contact ayant deux contacts (9, 10) montés mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre,
    dans lequel il est prévu un élément (12) capacitif ayant deux électrodes (14) et un matériau (16) diélectrique disposé entre les électrodes (14), caractérisé en ce que l'élément (12) capacitif est monté à complémentarité de forme sur l'élément (4) isolateur sur une surface de l'élément isolateur, dans lequel il est prévu des électrodes (14), qui sont disposées, entre des surfaces (25, 26) frontales du au moins un élément (4) isolateur, le long de l'axe (24) de commutation et l'élément capacitif a une capacité comprise entre 400 pF et 4000 pF.
  2. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, outre l'élément (12) capacitif, un élément (18) résistif sur au moins un élément (4) isolateur.
  3. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins le matériau (16) diélectrique de l'élément (12) capacitif est disposé en forme de couche sur une surface (20) de l'élément (4) isolateur.
  4. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (12) capacitif est disposé sur une surface (20, 21) extérieure de l'élément (4) isolateur.
  5. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (12) capacitif et l'élément (18) résistif sont montés en série.
  6. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (18) résistif est relié à complémentarité de forme à l'élément (4) isolateur.
  7. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément résistif a une résistance, qui est comprise entre 100 Ohm et 1500 Ohm ou entre 108 Ohm et 1015 Ohm.
  8. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (16) diélectrique est disposé sous la forme d'une couche (22) sur la surface (20, 21) de l'élément (4) isolateur et la couche (22) a une épaisseur allant de 5 µm à 150 µm ou de 1 mm à 5 mm.
  9. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (14) sont disposées sur l'élément (4) isolateur, de manière à ce qu'elles se trouvent, par rapport à une étendue de l'élément isolateur le long d'un axe (24) de commutation, sur une surface frontale supérieure et une surface frontale inférieure.
  10. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (14) sont intégrées dans des points de brasure entre les éléments isolateurs.
  11. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (14) est disposée sous la forme d'une couche sur la surface (20, 21) extérieure de l'élément (4) isolateur.
  12. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (12) capacitif est disposé sous la forme d'une succession de couches en alternance d'électrode (14), de matériau (16) diélectrique et d'électrode (14) sur la surface (20, 2) extérieure de l'élément (4) isolateur.
  13. Tube de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (16) diélectrique contient un matériau ferroélectrique, en particulier un titanate, d'une manière particulièrement préférée du titanate de baryum.
  14. Dispositif (28) de commutation en haute tension, comprenant un tube (2) de commutation sous vide suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 13 et une autre unité (32) d'interruption montée en série avec lui.
  15. Dispositif de commutation en haute tension suivant la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que l'unité (32) d'interruption est un tube (2) de commutation sous vide ou un interrupteur à isolation par du gaz.
EP19752936.5A 2018-08-01 2019-07-24 Tube de commutation sous vide et dispositif de commutation à haute tension Active EP3807920B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018212853.7A DE102018212853A1 (de) 2018-08-01 2018-08-01 Vakuumschaltröhre und Hochspannungsschaltanordnung
PCT/EP2019/069868 WO2020025407A1 (fr) 2018-08-01 2019-07-24 Tube de commutation sous vide et dispositif de commutation à haute tension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3807920A1 EP3807920A1 (fr) 2021-04-21
EP3807920B1 true EP3807920B1 (fr) 2023-06-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19752936.5A Active EP3807920B1 (fr) 2018-08-01 2019-07-24 Tube de commutation sous vide et dispositif de commutation à haute tension

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US11456133B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3807920B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7187670B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102568806B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112514020A (fr)
DE (1) DE102018212853A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020025407A1 (fr)

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DE102021201781A1 (de) * 2021-02-25 2022-08-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung für Mittel- und/oder Hochspannungsanwendungen
DE102021207964A1 (de) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumschalteinheit und Vakuumschalter
DE102021207960A1 (de) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumschaltröhre und Anordnung mit Vakuumschaltröhren sowie Verfahren zum Absteuern von Vakuumschaltröhren
DE102021207963A1 (de) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumschaltröhre zum Schalten von Spannungen
DE102021207962A1 (de) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumschaltröhre und Anordnung mit Vakuumschaltröhren sowie Verfahren zum Absteuern von Vakuumschaltröhren
DE102022201174A1 (de) * 2022-02-04 2023-08-10 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Steuerbare Vakuumschaltröhre und Anordnung sowie Verfahren zum Absteuern von Vakuumschaltröhren
DE102022207958A1 (de) * 2022-08-02 2024-02-08 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG RC-Anordnungen zum Schalten von induktiven Strömen mit Hochspannungs-Vakuumschaltern

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Publication number Publication date
DE102018212853A1 (de) 2020-02-06
US11456133B2 (en) 2022-09-27
US20210327666A1 (en) 2021-10-21
KR20210033525A (ko) 2021-03-26
CN112514020A (zh) 2021-03-16
JP7187670B2 (ja) 2022-12-12
JP2021533540A (ja) 2021-12-02
KR102568806B1 (ko) 2023-08-21
EP3807920A1 (fr) 2021-04-21
WO2020025407A1 (fr) 2020-02-06

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