EP1833130B1 - Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé - Google Patents

Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1833130B1
EP1833130B1 EP07111104.1A EP07111104A EP1833130B1 EP 1833130 B1 EP1833130 B1 EP 1833130B1 EP 07111104 A EP07111104 A EP 07111104A EP 1833130 B1 EP1833130 B1 EP 1833130B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surge arrester
electrode
arrester according
encapsulated
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP07111104.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1833130A2 (fr
EP1833130A3 (fr
Inventor
Georg Wittmann
Edmund ZÄUNER
Peter Zahlmann
Arnd Erhardt
Bernhard Krauss
Michael Waffler
Stephan Hierl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2000158977 external-priority patent/DE10058977B4/de
Priority claimed from DE2001118210 external-priority patent/DE10118210B4/de
Priority claimed from DE10125941A external-priority patent/DE10125941B4/de
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority claimed from EP01990442A external-priority patent/EP1338064B1/fr
Publication of EP1833130A2 publication Critical patent/EP1833130A2/fr
Publication of EP1833130A3 publication Critical patent/EP1833130A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1833130B1 publication Critical patent/EP1833130B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/06—Mounting arrangements for a plurality of overvoltage arresters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an encapsulated surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Multi-pole surge arresters which are resistant to surge current up to 100 kA and which contain a plurality of encapsulated spark gaps in a housing, but not in a 3 + 1 circuit, are known.
  • N-PE spark gaps are used to protect against overvoltages between the N and PE conductors.
  • spark gaps must have a very high surge current capability up to 100 kA 10/350 ⁇ s, in particular for protection against direct lightning strike.
  • Encapsulated spark gaps with such a performance are for example from DE 196 04 947 C1 .
  • These spark gaps have a protection level of ⁇ 2.5kV.
  • spark gaps with lower protection levels are required.
  • the use of trigger circuits is expedient.
  • Powerful N-PE spark gaps which also have an additional effective trigger electrode with consistently high performance, are not yet available.
  • the high current load, the associated high material erosion, the high dynamic loads due to current forces, pressure, energy and temperature make significant design demands with encapsulated arresters.
  • an overvoltage protection device which has coaxial main electrodes which are triggerable.
  • the connection of the electrodes takes place from the same side in order to effect a directed movement of the arc to a baffle plate within the spark gap.
  • the DE-AS 12 82 153 presents a spark gap that has a so-called expansion and a reflection space.
  • the reflection space is intended by the pressure generated during the arc ignition, the arc specifically press into the expansion chamber, on the one hand to protect the ignition from excessive burn and on the other hand to extend the arc, so that the quenching behavior of the spark gap is improved.
  • the surge arrester should meet the essential requirements, namely a high insulation capacity and a very high Stoßstromableitrac and it should be possible to perform triggerable with the help of a third electrode the surge arrester.
  • a coaxial construction is based at least partially on overlapping metallic main electrodes which have oppositely directed connections.
  • the main electrodes in conjunction with at least one insulating part, form an arc combustion chamber.
  • Such a surge arrester is for example out GB-A-2 203 286 known.
  • At least one of the main electrodes has an inner expansion space and is in the region of the insulating part a preferably provided radially or axially rotationally symmetrical trigger electrode.
  • the first main electrode is formed as a rod electrode with a cavity, which communicates via openings with the arc space on the flow side.
  • the rod electrode is centered and held with its connection remote end via a further insulating part within the surrounding second main electrode.
  • the expansion spaces may have a minimized pressure equalization opening, which is preferably formed in the region of the terminals.
  • the second isolation part has return flow channels to the expansion space of the second main electrode.
  • Both expansion spaces can be connected on the flow side by at least one insulating channel.
  • a respective response voltage can be specifically predefined.
  • At least one of the electrodes has an arc-facing landing or step for staggered response and safe fire-extinguishing capability even in the event of triggering failure.
  • the main electrodes may have groove-shaped contours, webs and / or cams for minimizing burnup on their surface facing the arc combustion chamber.
  • the second main electrode surrounding the first main electrode may constitute a substantial part of the encapsulation.
  • the first and / or second insulating part may have at least one circumferential web for supporting air punctures.
  • a quenching gas filling is preferably provided.
  • Fig. 1 a sectional view through a surge arrester with coaxial electrode structure
  • Fig. 2 a similar representation as in Fig. 1 disclosed, but with a gradation of an inner side of the second main electrode to provide a staggered response;
  • Fig. 3 a sectional view of a surge arrester with stepped version of the second main electrode for reducing the distance in the entire arc combustion chamber and with an additional radial isolation path to reduce the burn-off, in particular the trigger electrode;
  • Fig. 4 a sectional view of a surge arrester with a trigger electrode, which is arranged adjacent to the second main electrode in the axial direction.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 assume a first main electrode 41 and a second main electrode 42, wherein the electrodes in the regions 45 have an electrical connection.
  • This connection can be realized for example by means of a screw connection.
  • the first main electrode is preferably designed as a rod electrode, which has a cavity 47 in the interior. This cavity 47 represents an inner expansion space.
  • the cavity 47 is connected to the arc combustion chamber 48 through at least one opening 49.
  • the first main electrode 41 projects partially into the tubular-shaped region of the second main electrode 42 in a coaxial arrangement. Specifically, this overlap area represents the desired coaxial structure.
  • an insulation part 44 between the first main electrode 41 and the second main electrode 42. This insulating part 44 then delimits the arc combustion chamber 48 simultaneously in the axial direction.
  • the insulating member 44 has suitable openings or flow channels 410, so that an additional cavity 47 within the second main electrode 42 is in communication with the arc combustion chamber 48.
  • a (first) insulating member 43 is disposed between the first main electrode 41 and the open end of the main electrode 42.
  • the insulation part 43 now has an additional third electrode 46 for triggering the main line between the first and second main electrodes.
  • This electrode or a plurality of electrodes 46 may be arranged rod-shaped, pin-shaped, but also annular.
  • a disk electrode is used which is coaxial with the first and second main electrodes is aligned.
  • the described spark gap is pressed or screwed with additional insulation in a pressure-resistant metal housing.
  • the force is applied in the direction of the axis of symmetry.
  • these parts extend in the radial direction from the axis of symmetry. In this way it is ensured that an influence on the operating voltage of the spark gap remains low both by the joining process and under thermal stress of the pressurized insulating parts.
  • one or more sparks 411 are fired from the trigger electrode 46 to one or both of the main electrodes 41 and / or 42.
  • the arc 100 ignites between the main electrodes 41 and 42.
  • the arc 100 is formed via a sliding discharge along the insulation paths 43 or 44 or by an air breakdown between the main electrodes 41 and 42nd
  • the arc 100 is in the arc combustion chamber 48 after ignition and can rotate around the first main electrode 41 in accordance with the coaxial arrangement within this space.
  • an overpressure due to the heating of the existing gases This overpressure would lead to increased mechanical stress on the parts and also increase the arc voltage, resulting in an unnecessarily high energy conversion within the spark gap and thus also to high thermal loads.
  • the expanding gas provided at least one additional cavity 47 as an expansion space, which is not directly exposed to the arc. After ignition of the arc, the heated gas can flow through the aforementioned openings or channels 49 and 410 in the expansion chamber 47. Due to the large volume there, the large heat capacity and the large surface area of the metal electrodes, the heated gas within these cavities is immediately cooled and relaxed.
  • Fig. 1 assumes an embodiment of separate expansion chambers 47, but it is also possible to connect the two chambers along the axis of symmetry by one or more channels which are insulated.
  • the arrangement shown can additionally have minimum pressure equalization openings, which provide pressure compensation with the environment after the decay of the pressure-side load. This is particularly advantageous when it comes to the decomposition of the materials used and thus the eventual additional gas formation within the spark gap by the action of the arc. Due to the location and the size of the pressure compensation openings, a rapid pressure equalization in the millisecond range or a slow pressure reduction in the range over minutes can take place.
  • Fig. 1 requires due to the positioning of the electrodes 41, 42 and 46 after the formation of the spark between the electrode 42 and 46, which only covers a portion of the overall arrangement, still a significant energy input until the entire separation distance between the electrodes 41 and 42 is ionized and therefore a flashover between the main electrodes can take place.
  • the possibility of tuning this energy requirement advantageously allows easy coordination of the N-PE arrester downstream protective devices.
  • triggerable arresters with a high requirement for trigger energy can thus be created, as a result of which a response of the main spark gap of the arrester only takes place in the case of high-energy surges.
  • the insulation member 44 is shortened by a step or step 412 in the electrode 42. This causes, in addition to the triggerable spark gap, a further independent spark gap with triggering independent response, which is significantly smaller than the response voltage of the sliding or air gap between the first and second main electrode 41 and 42 in the triggering available stands.
  • the possibility of a staggered response of the spark gap at different voltage slopes allows a decoupling of the behavior of the spark gap just at these different slopes of the voltage.
  • the spark gap is controlled by the trigger circuit and the corresponding trigger path.
  • an overhead ignition of the spark gap can be obtained, especially at high voltage gradients, which is characterized in that the trigger unit of the spark gap itself remains uninvolved. The spark gap ignites then, so to speak, automatically in the area grading 412 without stressing the trigger unit.
  • Fig. 3 shows a similar arrangement as Fig. 2
  • the paragraph or the gradation is extended so that there is a significant reduction in space in the entire arc combustion chamber 48 between the first and second main electrode 41/42.
  • An additional axial isolation path 413 also reduces the burnup on the insulation part 43 and the trigger electrode 46, since direct contact between these parts and the arc 100 can be avoided.
  • this isolation path 413 can also independently of paragraph 412 as in an embodiment of Fig. 1 be provided.
  • This arrangement ensures both the protection of the trigger electrode against excessive burnup and a reduction of the response voltage without triggering. Furthermore, with this arrangement, the required trigger energy can be reduced to a minimum.
  • the ignition spark generated in response of the trigger circuit between the trigger electrode 46 and the second main electrode 42 can, in particular with a minimum in the combustion chamber 48 protruding insulation part 414 and a smaller distance of the Main electrodes 41 and 42 already touch the first main electrode 41 when it is formed. As a result, the insulation gap between the main electrodes 41 and 42 is bridged abruptly and the trigger energy is kept to a minimum.
  • a partial isolation of the main electrode 41 within the combustion chamber 48 along the axis of symmetry and adjacent to the insulating members 43 and 44 for protection against Abbranderscheinept to the respective insulating parts or at the trigger electrode may be useful.
  • one or more circumferential contours e.g. be formed or introduced as grooves or patch webs.
  • individual patch knobs or other elevations for controlling the response voltage in the event of air blows or for controlling the burn-up behavior can be realized.
  • the insulating parts 43 and 44 may additionally be provided with at least one circumferential web (not shown) projecting into the combustion chamber 48.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé, comprenant un agencement éclateur qui inclut deux électrodes principales métalliques (41 ; 42) disposées coaxialement l'une à l'autre et se chevauchant au moins partiellement, avec des raccordements orientés en sens opposé, dans lequel les électrodes principales (41 ; 42) forment, en liaison avec au moins une partie isolante, une chambre à arc électrique,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'une au moins des électrodes principales (41) comporte une chambre d'expansion intérieure (47), et en ce que, dans la région d'une partie isolante extérieure (43), il est prévu une électrode de gâchette (46) à symétrie de révolution s'étendant de préférence radialement ou axialement, dans lequel la première électrode principale (41) est réalisée sous forme d'une électrode-barreau avec une cavité (47), celle-ci communiquant en termes d'écoulement avec la chambre à arc électrique (48) via des ouvertures, et l'électrode-barreau est centrée et tenue avec son extrémité éloignée du raccordement via une autre partie isolante interne (44), à l'intérieur de la seconde électrode principale (42) qui l'entoure.
  2. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu une autre chambre d'expansion (47) dans la zone qui fait suite à la seconde électrode principale (42) réalisée creuse sous forme cylindrique.
  3. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que la ou les chambre(s) d'expansion (47) comprend/comprennent une ouverture d'égalisation de pression minimisée, qui est ménagée de préférence dans la région des raccordements (45).
  4. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que la seconde partie isolante intérieure (44) comporte des canaux traversants (410) vers la chambre d'expansion (47).
  5. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que les deux chambres d'expansion (47) communiquent via au moins un canal isolant.
  6. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que la tension de réaction respective est susceptible d'être imposée via une variation de la distance radiale entre les électrodes (41 ; 42) agencées coaxialement et en chevauchement partiel.
  7. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que l'une au moins des électrodes possède un talon ou un gradin, orienté vers la chambre à arc électrique, pour un comportement de réaction étagé et pour une capacité d'extinction en sécurité également en cas de défaillance de la gâchette.
  8. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que la chambre à arc électrique (48) est susceptible d'être divisée par une barrette périphérique rapportée sur l'électrode-barreau.
  9. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que les électrodes principales (41 ; 42) comprennent des contours en forme de rainures, des barrettes et/ou des plots sur leur surface orientée vers la chambre à arc électrique (48).
  10. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que la seconde électrode principale (42) qui entoure la première électrode principale (41) forme une partie de l'encapsulage du dérivateur de surtensions.
  11. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (41 ; 42) sont en un matériau réfractaire, en particulier en tungstène-cuivre ou en graphite, et les parties isolantes sont en une matière plastique dégageant des gaz.
  12. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que la première et/ou la seconde partie isolante (43 ; 44) comporte au moins une barrette périphérique pour favoriser les traversées d'air.
  13. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que lors d'une liaison étanche à la pression par pressage, par vissage ou similaire, les forces actives sont orientées dans la direction de l'axe de symétrie.
  14. Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé par son utilisation à titre d'éclateur N-PE.
EP07111104.1A 2000-11-28 2001-11-27 Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé Expired - Lifetime EP1833130B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000158977 DE10058977B4 (de) 2000-11-28 2000-11-28 Mehrpoliger stoßstromfester Überspannungsableiter
DE10111954 2001-03-13
DE2001118210 DE10118210B4 (de) 2001-04-11 2001-04-11 Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter mit einer Funkenstreckenanordnung
DE10125941A DE10125941B4 (de) 2001-03-13 2001-05-29 Kompaktanordnung für mehrpolige stoßstromfeste Überspannungsableiter
EP01990442A EP1338064B1 (fr) 2000-11-28 2001-11-27 Dispositif compact destine a des derivateurs de surtension multipolaires et resistants aux courants de choc et derivateurs de surtension encapsules correspondants

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01990442.4 Division 2001-11-27
EP01990442A Division EP1338064B1 (fr) 2000-11-28 2001-11-27 Dispositif compact destine a des derivateurs de surtension multipolaires et resistants aux courants de choc et derivateurs de surtension encapsules correspondants

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1833130A2 EP1833130A2 (fr) 2007-09-12
EP1833130A3 EP1833130A3 (fr) 2012-11-14
EP1833130B1 true EP1833130B1 (fr) 2013-11-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07111104.1A Expired - Lifetime EP1833130B1 (fr) 2000-11-28 2001-11-27 Dérivateur de surtensions encapsulé

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EP (1) EP1833130B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE526711T1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5631143B2 (ja) 2010-10-05 2014-11-26 株式会社日立製作所 Ｃｏ２分離回収装置並びにｃｏ２分離回収装置を備えた石炭ガス化複合発電プラント
CN113782286B (zh) * 2021-07-22 2022-10-28 西安交通大学 一种表面触发型过电压控制开关与氧化锌避雷器组成的表面触发型可控避雷器

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2203286A (en) * 1987-04-03 1988-10-12 Dubilier International Plc Surge arrester

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL119826A0 (en) * 1996-12-13 1997-03-18 Pulsar Welding Ltd Controlled vacuum discharger

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2203286A (en) * 1987-04-03 1988-10-12 Dubilier International Plc Surge arrester

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE526711T1 (de) 2011-10-15
EP1833130A2 (fr) 2007-09-12
EP1833130A3 (fr) 2012-11-14

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