EP3788618A1 - Impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung, akustische wandlervorrichtung und verfahren zum herstellen einer impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung - Google Patents
Impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung, akustische wandlervorrichtung und verfahren zum herstellen einer impedanzanpassungsvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3788618A1 EP3788618A1 EP19722580.8A EP19722580A EP3788618A1 EP 3788618 A1 EP3788618 A1 EP 3788618A1 EP 19722580 A EP19722580 A EP 19722580A EP 3788618 A1 EP3788618 A1 EP 3788618A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- impedance matching
- microstructures
- impedance
- sound
- acoustic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
- H04R3/02—Circuits for transducers for preventing acoustic reaction, i.e. acoustic oscillatory feedback
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an impedance-matching device, to a conversion device having such an impedance-matching device, to a system having a converter device mentioned, and to a method for producing an impulse response.
- the present invention further relates to a sound impedance matching, and more particularly to a system for adjusting a sound characteristic impedance.
- the acoustic characteristic impedance describes the resistance of a medium against the acoustic flow, which results from an applied acoustic pressure.
- At interfaces of materials with different acoustic impedance there is a reflection of a part of the acoustic energy, the proportion of which results essentially from the size of the acoustic impedance jump.
- the energy transferable between the transducers and the acoustic load medium is reduced, the efficiency of the system is reduced.
- Other typical sound transducers are based on piezo-thin-film systems and membrane oscillators, such as capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT), whose acoustic characteristic impedances depend on the structural dimensions (in about 1 to 5 MRay1 [3]).
- CMUT capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers
- Typical load media are water (1, 48 MRayl [4]), human tissue (about 1.5 MRayl [4]) and air (about 427 Rayl [1]).
- acoustic matching layers are essential.
- acoustic characteristic impedance Z is dependent on the density p and the speed of sound c of the material:
- FIG. 9 shows three different methods of adapting the acoustic characteristic impedance.
- So-called Single Step Matching Systems (SMS) place an impedance step between the ultrasonic transducer side (about CMUT) and the medium Page (load).
- Multiple Step Matching Systems (MMS) consist of two or more impedance steps.
- Gradient Matching Systems (GMS) describe an exponential impedance curve that provides the best level of transmittance.
- FIG. 9 shows a graph in which on the abscissa a curve of the thickness D of the matching layer between a CMUT (D-0) and the load side or medium side (D-max). The ordinate represents the acoustic characteristic impedance Z, which in the present diagram is reduced between the CMUT and the medium.
- Aerogels [5] offer a solution. These achieve a very low acoustic characteristic impedance, but have a very diffractive effect and can only be applied in individual steps (MMS) with intermediately stored connecting materials, which in turn disturb the transmission behavior. Similar disadvantages have composite materials from embedded particles in a matrix [6],
- microstructured materials that are manufactured using methods from the semiconductor industry. These methods include coating, structuring by lithography and etching processes. For example, by means of these three processes a sound impedance matching was generated in order to structure silicon oxide on a silicon wafer. Subsequently, a polymer was applied by a coating method and fixed to an ultrasonic transducer [7]. In another example, anisotropic etching processes were used to separate silicon into high aspect ratio posts and then fill the spaces with epoxy resin (composite) Creating sound impedance matching [8] A gradual progression is possible with the mentioned methods.
- round conical tapered silicon rods were produced and re-embedded in epoxy [9]
- Another example of graded acoustic impedance matching uses a non-specified micromachining process to provide a patterned copper, PZT (lead zirconate titanate) and parylene layered system generate [10].
- the inventors have recognized that by forming microstructures with small dimensions in the sub-micrometer range, extremely precise and therefore efficient adaptation of the sound characteristic impedance can take place.
- the impedance matching device is configured to adapt a sound characteristic impedance of a medium contacted on the second side to a sound characteristic impedance of a sound transducer contacted on the first side.
- the impedance matching body comprises microstructures which have a structural extent of at most 500 nanometers along at least one spatial direction.
- a method for producing an impedance matching device comprises a step of providing an impedance matching body having a first and an opposite second side, which is designed to transmit a sound characteristic impedance of a medium contacted on the first side to a sound characteristic impedance of one of the second Page contacted transducer adapted; such that the impedance matching body comprises microstructures having a structural extension of at most 500 nm along at least one spatial direction.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an impedance matching device for adapting a sound characteristic impedance according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device according to an embodiment, in which a plurality of microstructures are arranged, which are arranged as branched channel structures;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device according to an embodiment, in which the microstructures are formed as tapered structures toward one side of a matching body;
- FIG. 4a is a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device according to an embodiment, wherein the impedance matching body is formed so that the microstructures form a hexagonal lattice structure;
- 4b is a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device according to an embodiment, in which the microstructures form a hexagonal / triangular pattern;
- FIG. 4c shows a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device according to an embodiment, in which the microstructures are arranged in a triangular grid pattern, so that cavities have a triangular shape;
- 4d is a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device according to an embodiment, in which the microstructures form a lattice structure according to a diamond pattern;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device according to an embodiment, in which the microstructures define an acoustic path;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a converter device according to an embodiment
- 7 is a schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment
- FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to an embodiment for producing an impedance matching device.
- Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of three known methods of adaptation of the acoustic characteristic impedance.
- the impedance matching device includes an impedance matching body 12 having a first side 14 and a second side 16.
- the sides 14 and 16 are disposed opposite to each other.
- the impedance matching device may be configured to detect sound, i. H. an acoustic wave to be traversed from the side 14 to the side 16 along a sound passage direction 18a and / or to be traversed by a sound wave from the side 16 to the side 14 along an opposite sound passage direction 18b.
- the sound wave can be generated by a sound converter, which can be contacted with the side 14.
- the side 16 may be contactable with a medium, for example a human body, a liquid or air or the like.
- the impedance matching device 10 may be configured to adapt a sound characteristic impedance of the medium to a sound characteristic impedance of the sound transducer and / or vice versa.
- the impedance matching body 12 can have, for example, a sound characteristic impedance in a region of the side 14 which is adapted to the sound transducer and furthermore has a sound characteristic impedance in the region of the side 16 which is adapted to the target medium.
- the impedance matching body 12 comprises microstructures, for example branched microstructures 22i and 22 2 and / or in-plane microstructures 22 3 .
- the microstructures 22i, 22 2 and / or 223 may be formed as cavities in a material of the impedance matching body 12, wherein the cavities may be filled or unfilled.
- a filling of the cavities may in whole or in part comprise a different material than a base material or residual material 24 of the impedance matching body 12. That is, the microstructures 22i to 22 3 may be in the form of a cavity, a channel structure and / or an inclusion in the material 24 be understood.
- the microstructures 22i to 22 3 may each be formed individually or jointly so that along at least one spatial direction they have a structural extent 26i, 26 2 and / or 263 which is at most 500 nanometers, preferably at most 300 nanometers and particularly preferably at most 100 nanometers is.
- the structure extent 26i, 26 2 and / or 26 3 can be understood as the longest distance between any two points of an outer surface of the microstructure, wherein the two arbitrary points in a cross section of the microstructure 22i to 22s are opposite.
- the structural dimensions can be arranged along any spatial direction x, y and / or z.
- the points may be arranged in a longitudinal section or cross section, the longitudinal section being for example through a plane formed by the diameter of the tubular structure.
- the structural extent of one or more microstructures may be a dimension thereof perpendicular to an axial extent direction of the respective microstructure.
- the structural extent may be the diameter of a round microstructure 22.
- the microstructure 22 2 may be fluidically coupled to the microstructure 22 i such that an average value of a volume occupied by the microstructures 22 i and 22 2 increases from the side 14 toward the side 16, but may alternatively decrease, that is , an average value of the acoustic characteristic impedance may increase or decrease toward the side 14, or alternatively be constant, as described in connection with FIGS. 4a to 4d.
- This may be a variable density p of the material 24 and thus a change in the acoustic characteristic impedance between the sides 14 and 16 cause.
- the acoustic characteristic impedance of the impedance matching device 10 may increase from the side 14 to the side 16. If the density is lower, for example, a decreasing acoustic characteristic impedance along the direction of sound passing through 18a can be obtained. That is, the microstructures may include a first impedance matching material, and a second impedance matching material, such as the material 24, may be disposed in intermediate regions between the microstructures.
- the microstructures may be formed, for example, from a cured polymer material or a metal material. Alternatively, any other material may be used. Described polymer materials and / or metal materials can be precisely processed and used directly as microstructures, as described in connection with the manufacturing process described herein. Alternatively, such structures may also serve as a template or negative mold to allow for the impression of other materials.
- At least one microstructure may also be arranged perpendicular thereto, for example parallel to an x-direction, for example perpendicular to a surface normal of the first side 14 and / or the second Page 16 can be arranged.
- microstructures By forming the microstructures with the defined structural extent of at most 500 nanometers, preferably at most 300 nanometers or preferably at most 100 nanometers, an extremely fine and thus exact adjustment of the sound characteristic impedance along the sound passage direction 18a and / or 18b can be set. This enables efficient operation of the impedance matching device even with small dimensions of the impedance matching device 10.
- Embodiments make possible a continuous transition between the respective impedance values, for example the medium and the sound transducer, which is not or only with difficulty possible in known concepts.
- Exemplary embodiments provide concepts for an acoustic impulse response and its production method, for example, or even primarily using the multiple-photon absorption lithography method for producing layer systems, which adapt the acoustic sound characteristic impedance between the sound transducers and the medium.
- One goal is an ideal coupling of the acoustic energy from the sound transducer into the load medium (transmission case) and / or from the load medium into the sound transducer (reception case).
- a single channel structure 22i in the region of the side 14 can branch off into a multiplicity of channel structures, for example in the sense of a river delta.
- a material or the absence of material can be described as at least local material density p 2 , which is different from a material density pi of the material 24.
- the increasing volume fraction of the microstructures 22 allows an overall density of the impedance matching body 10, which is increasingly influenced by the microstructures 22 along the sound passage direction 18a, to influence or determine the sound characteristic impedance and thus describes an increasing influence of the sound characteristic impedance by such a material.
- the microstructures 22 may define cavities.
- An effective material density of the impedance matching body 12 may be monotonically variable between the sides 14 and 16 through the cavities.
- the impedance matching material 24 having a density pi may be increasingly traversed by the impedance matching material p 2 , so that a variable effective density of the impedance matching body is obtained in a spatial average.
- the monotonous increase or decrease of the volume of the microstructures can thus lead to a monotonous change in the density of the material 24 in order to effect the adaptation of the acoustic characteristic impedance.
- the cavities can be formed or enclosed by the microstructures, for example. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the microstructures 22 may define an area outside a cavity, so that the cavity is formed away from the microstructures 22.
- the microstructures 22 may define branched microchannels whose number is monotonically variable between the sides 14 and 16 to effect the change in the density of the material 24.
- FIG. 2 shows microcavities that are changed in a layer system that is modified by cavities, channels or inclusions in its effective density and therefore sound characteristic impedance.
- the desired acoustic characteristic impedance curve can be generated by connected cavities 22.
- the largest amount of channels and thus the lowest acoustic characteristic impedance can be arranged on the medium side of the layer system, ie the side 16.
- at least one other property such as the shape, the position and / or the volume of the microstructures may also be variable in order to obtain the variable density or material density described in connection with FIG. This change in density can be monotonous, as can be obtained, for example, by the described monotonically variable number of microchannels.
- the change of all properties can be uniform, that is, with an equal rate of change along the sound passing direction. Alternatively, a variable rate of change may be established.
- the rate of change of one, several or all properties within the impedance matching body may be determinable, ie, be predictable and be made advantageous by appropriate acoustic calculations and / or simulations, which may allow a good or improved sound transmission.
- a positional variance of the microstructures may be due to the spacing ratio of the structures with each other, or the ratio of the position of the structures to one of outer walls of the impedance matching body.
- a targeted positioning of the structures in a concen- trically changing manner may allow the creation of a focusing layer which does not have a curvature of the outer walls.
- the impedance matching body may have a decreasing distance in the radiation direction between the individual structures from the center.
- the microchannels may also have other shapes, such as spirals, round or non-circular drops, cubes or the like.
- the microstructures can all be uniform but also intentionally different with respect to the shape and / or size. In this case, such a form may denote the microstructure as a whole, but combinations are also possible, such as a microchannel, which forms or comprises a drop, a round or non-round cavity or a cube, ie, has polygonal surfaces, and / or a microchannel that runs in a spiral shape.
- a drop can be understood as a non-linear and / or continuous change of the cross-section, whereby a sphere is one of the possible shapes, but which can also be longitudinally stretched.
- the shape may have a variable configuration / cross-section along the example of a spiral course, and / or the exemplary spiral may be connected at at least one end or along a path to further microstructures.
- 3 shows a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device 30 according to an exemplary embodiment, in which the microstructures are formed as structures that taper toward the side 14.
- the tapered structures may have areas 28i of minimal extent, with the areas 28, minimum extent related to the structure extent.
- the microstructures 22 may taper conically so that the regions 28 may represent the ends or tips of the conical structures.
- the microstructures are formed individually or in combination, for example pyramidal, conical or otherwise tapered.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment with tapered structures in which the main material 24 is subdivided into likewise conically tapering structures, wherein the tapering of the material 24 towards the side 16 can take place.
- the taper may be applied directly to sides 14 and 16, but may alternatively be spaced therefrom.
- the desired sound characteristic impedance curve is generated, for example, by a plurality of conically tapered volumes of the microstructures 22i. This may cause the lowest acoustic characteristic impedance of the impedance matching body to be on the side 16.
- microstructures 22 according to other exemplary embodiments can also be used as SMS and / or MMS.
- FIG. 4a shows a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device 40a in which the impedance matching body is formed so that the microstructures 22 form a lattice structure extending along a direction perpendicular to the sound passing directions 18a and / or 18b.
- the impedance-adjusting body 12 from the side 14 to the side 16, and vice versa, there is no change in the mean density and / or the acoustic characteristic impedance.
- the impedance matching body 12 may have a mean unchanged or constant acoustic characteristic impedance that is, for example, less than the higher of the acoustic characteristic impedance arranged on the sides 14 and 16 and / or higher than the lower of these acoustic characteristic impedances.
- the microstructures 22 can form a hexagonal grid or a honeycomb structure in the illustrated side section.
- the impedance matching device 40a enables an SMS.
- FIG. 4 b shows a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device 40 b according to an exemplary embodiment, in which the microstructures engage form hexagonal / triangular patterns, for example by forming a plurality of in-plane microstructures, such as the microstructure 22i perpendicular to the sound passage directions 18a and / or 18b and a plurality of microstructures arranged perpendicularly in different directions intersecting the in-plane microstructure diagonally, either the microstructure 22z and / or 22 3 , which extend in an oblique arrangement between the sides 14 and 16.
- the microstructures engage form hexagonal / triangular patterns, for example by forming a plurality of in-plane microstructures, such as the microstructure 22i perpendicular to the sound passage directions 18a and / or 18b and a plurality of microstructures arranged perpendicularly in different directions intersecting the in-plane microstructure diagonally, either the microstructure 22z and / or 22 3 , which
- FIG. 4 c shows a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device 40 c according to an exemplary embodiment, in which the microstructures are arranged in a triangular grid pattern, so that cavities 32 have a triangular shape in the illustrated side sectional view.
- the microstructures 22 may be formed, for example, from the material 24, wherein the cavities 32 may represent filled or unfilled cavities.
- FIG. 4 d shows a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device 40 d according to an exemplary embodiment, in which the microstructures 22 i to 22 a likewise form a lattice structure, wherein the lattice structure is formed in accordance with a diamond pattern.
- the impedance matching devices 40a, 40b, 40c and / or 40d may have a substantially homogeneous or constant acoustic characteristic impedance between the sides 14 and 16.
- an impedance matching device has an impedance matching body which is formed in a multi-layered manner and has at least a first layer and a second layer, which are arranged next to one another.
- the first layer may have a first layer characteristic impedance and the second layer may have a second layer characteristic impedance, wherein the two layer characteristic impedances are the same, but preferably different from one another.
- identical patterns according to FIGS. 4 a to 4 d can be used, for example based on different opening cross sections of the cavities 32 and / or different patterns can be used, for example by arranging different impedance matching bodies 12.
- the microstructures 22 may form a lattice structure arranged along a direction perpendicular to the sound passage directions and extending along this direction, for example along the x direction.
- the cavities 32 may extend along the same or a different direction perpendicular to the sound propagation directions 18a and 18b in the impedance matching body, for example along the y-direction.
- the cavities may have a polygonal cross-section based on an arrangement of the microstructures 22; alternatively, the cross-section may also be formed according to a free-form surface, be formed elliptical or even be formed round.
- FIGS. 4a to 4c show the implementation of a microgrid.
- the matching layer system in this case comprises a framework-like lattice with variable framework elements.
- the microgrids mentioned are shown in FIGS. 4a to 4d as sectional images of different lattice structures, FIG. 4a showing a hexagonal lattice, FIG. 4b a hexagonal / triangular lattice, FIG. Fig. 4c shows a triangular grid and Fig. 4d shows a diamond grid.
- the grids can be arranged in lattice planes, wherein the lattice planes can, for example, run parallel to the sides 14 and / or 16, wherein an impedance matching device can have one or more lattice planes.
- the desired sound characteristic curve can be generated by differently oriented and connected connecting pieces.
- the grid structures can be formed by two-dimensional or three-dimensional grid structures.
- Three-dimensional lattice structures can be distinguished by changing the lattice constant and / or the thickness and shape of the compounds. This allows a high rigidity against conical structures and / or easy processing with the method, since the structure is easily enforceable with a developer solution.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic side sectional view of an impedance matching device 50 according to an embodiment, in which the microstructures 22i to 22 3 define an acoustic path 34 between the sides 14 and 16.
- the acoustic path 34 may pass through the cavity 32 which is defined by the microstructures 22i to 22.
- a vacuum, a fluid, for example a gas, and / or a solid can be arranged in the cavity 32, wherein preferably a material of the microstructures 22i to 22 3 has a higher acoustic characteristic impedance than the impedance matching body 12 in a region of the acoustic path, for example the Cavity 32.
- the acoustic path 34 may provide a propagation delay for sound transmitted through the acoustic path 34.
- the propagation delay can be provided based on a path extension compared to the direct connection 36, that is, the longer path or the path extension of the acoustic path 34 can be used to obtain the propagation delay and thus a phase shift.
- the acoustic path 34 may have a plurality or multiplicity of path sections 38i to 38.
- the impedance matching device 50 is shown as having four path sections 38i are arranged serially one behind the other 4 to 38, a different number of at least one path section, at least two path sections, at least three path sections, at least five path sections, for example six, eight or ten path sections or more to be implemented. With regard to one or more path sections, parallel path sections may also be arranged.
- the path portions 38i to 38 4 can individually be arranged in groups, or generally perpendicular to the sound-sweeping directions 18a and / or 18b, so that the acoustic path 34 is perpendicular in the region of path sections 38i to 38 4 to the sound-sweeping directions 18a and / or 18b or has at least one directional component perpendicular to the sound passage directions 18a and / or 18b.
- the path portions may extend in different planes of the impedance matching body 12 between the sides 14 and 16, for example when the planes are considered to be parallel to the sides 14 and / or 16.
- the path sections 38i, 38 2 , 38 3 and 38 4 can each have an acoustically effective cross section 42i, 42 2 , 42 3 and 42, respectively, which is defined by the size or extent of the cavity 32 in the region of the respective path section 38i to 38 can be influenced.
- the acoustically effective cross section 42j of a path section 38 can be determined or influenced by a spacing of adjacent microstructures 22i and 22 2, 22 2 and 22 3 and / or a microstructure 22i or 22 3 to its side 14 or 16 be.
- the acoustically effective cross sections 42i to 42 may be the same as or different from one another, wherein, for example, an acoustic cross section decreasing along a sound passage direction 18a or 18b may cause an increase of an acoustic sound characteristic impedance.
- a taper 44i, 44 2 and / or 44 3 of the acoustic path 34 or the acoustically effective cross section may be arranged.
- Such a taper can be obtained, for example, by a distance between the microstructures and boundary structures 46i and / or 46 2 , for example sidewall structures.
- microstructures 22 4 and / or 22 5 can be provided, although other materials and / or dimensions and / or geometries can be used, as long as these structures have a higher acoustic characteristic impedance than the cavity 32 in the region of the corresponding path section.
- the additional arrangement of the microstructures 22 4 and 22 5 brings about a corresponding manufacturing effort, this allows a precise adjustment of the acoustic characteristic impedance of the impedance matching device 50.
- the tapers 44i to 44 3 can be produced simply because they can result, for example, from a distance between the microstructures 22i to 22 3 to the limiting structures 46i and / or 46 2 NEN.
- an acoustically effective cross-section 42i of at least one path portion 38i may vary over its axial extent, for example along the x-direction. This can be obtained, for example, by a variable dimension of at least one of the microstructures 22i, 22 2 and / or 22 3 along the direction of sound passing through 18 a and / or 18 b, alternatively or additionally, additional structures can be provided in the course of the path section 38 i.
- the acoustically effective cross sections 42j can be set individually, in groups or in total the same. This means that an acoustically effective cross section of two adjoining path sections can be different from one another.
- FIG. 5 shows a wound-up structure in which the matching layer system consists of coiled or wound structures which increase the transit time of the sound wave.
- FIG. 5 shows the wound-up structures as a section through an elementary cell of a layer system applied to a sound transducer.
- the desired acoustic characteristic impedance curve can be generated by a plurality of channels wound into one another.
- the sound characteristic impedance can be influenced by the speed of sound through the wave transit time until the wave arrives on the medium side of the layer system.
- each of these embodiments may provide a one-step, multi-level, or gradient-like progression of the acoustic impedance matching.
- the different embodiments can be combined with one another as desired, so that differently formed microstructures and / or lattice structures can be arranged in different planes perpendicular to the sound passage direction and / or parallel thereto. This can be done in one piece, for example, by forming the microstructures differently in different regions of the impedance matching body.
- a multi-part arrangement can also be carried out, for example by impedance-matching bodies being mechanically and / or acoustically coupled to one another in accordance with various exemplary embodiments and in each case forming a layer of a multilayer impedance matching body.
- impedance-matching bodies being mechanically and / or acoustically coupled to one another in accordance with various exemplary embodiments and in each case forming a layer of a multilayer impedance matching body.
- a course of the acoustic characteristic impedance between the first side 14 and the second side 16 of the overall obtained impedance matching body may be continuous or discontinuous.
- An example of a continuous course may be a linear and / or exponential development of the course of the acoustic characteristic impedance along the sound passage direction 18a and / or 18b.
- the impedance matching device is designed so that the impedance matching body has different acoustic characteristic impedances on the different sides.
- one of the sides may be matched to a sound impedance of a MUT transducer so that the sound impedance of the impedance matching body matches the sound characteristic impedance of the MUT transducer within a tolerance range of ⁇ 50%, ⁇ 25% or ⁇ 10%, that is, the values of the sound characteristic impedance, the sound characteristic impedance values agree.
- An exemplary value for this is 1-35 MRayl.
- a range of 1-5 MRayl may work well for membrane transducers, including MUT transducers.
- the range of 1-35 MRayl also includes ceramics, and composite transducers, such as PZT-based transducer classes.
- the sound characteristic impedance on the other side may match or at least approximate the sound characteristic impedance of a target medium, if possible, such as a fluid, such as air.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a converter device 60 according to one exemplary embodiment.
- the transducer device 60 includes, for example, the impedance matching device 10.
- the transducer device 60 further includes a transducer element 48 that may be configured to generate a sound wave based on a drive signal, or alternatively or additionally configured to generate an electrical wave based on an incoming sound wave Signal to provide.
- the transducer element 48 can be implemented as or comprise a sound actuator and / or sound sensor.
- the impedance matching device 10 is coupled to the sound transducer element 48 at the side 14, for example, by the impedance matching body being mechanically mechanically coupled to the sound transducer element 48.
- the impedance matching device 10 may be deposited on the acoustic transducer element 48 or vice versa.
- the transducer device 60 is described as having the acoustic transducer element 48 acoustically coupled to the side 14, the acoustic transducer element 48 may alternatively be acoustically coupled to the side 16.
- the other side 16 or 14 may be configured to be contacted with a medium into which a Sound wave is to be sent or from which a sound wave is to be received.
- another acoustically effective structure for example a further sound transducer element, may be acoustically coupled on the other side, so that an impedance matching between two sound transducer elements can be performed based on the impedance matching device 10.
- the acoustic coupling between the acoustic transducer element 48 and the side 14 has a continuous transition of the acoustic characteristic impedance, that is, within the tolerance range of ⁇ 50%, ⁇ 25% or ⁇ 10%, the acoustic characteristic impedance of the acoustic transducer element 48 in accordance with the acoustic characteristic impedance of Impedance adjustment device on the side 14.
- the acoustic transducer element 48 may comprise a piezoelectric ceramic material and / or a composite material.
- the acoustic transducer element 48 may comprise a piezoelectric thin-film material, such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride).
- the sound transducer element 48 comprises a micromachined ultrasonic transducer, for example a capacitive MUT (CMUT), a piezoelectric MUT (PMUT) or a magnetic MUT (MMUT).
- CMUT capacitive MUT
- PMUT piezoelectric MUT
- MMUT magnetic MUT
- impedance matching device 10 is arranged, alternatively or additionally a further and / or different impedance matching device may be arranged, for example the impedance matching device 10, 20, 30, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d and / or 50.
- impedance matching devices can be arranged which have a combination of different layers, each with at least one impedance matching device or impedance matching body, wherein, for example, an impedance matching device 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d comprises a layer of the common body, at least in space Means can provide constant acoustic characteristic impedance.
- the described adaptation structures can be integrated into single-channel and multi-channel, for example, air-coupled CMUT components and CMUT systems in order to increase the transducer range, sensitivity and bandwidth.
- Such systems can be optimized as miniaturized sensors for distance and motion detection as well as imaging, and further enable, for example, gesture control in the vehicle interior (automotive) as well as contactless control of household appliances (consumer; Sensor applications in medical technology and integration in mobile applications in service and industrial robots (industry).
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a system according to an exemplary embodiment, which comprises, for example, the converter device 60 and a control unit 52.
- the control unit 52 is designed to operate the sound transducer element 48, which means to provide the sound transducer element 48 with a drive signal 541 to excite the sound transducer element 48 for emitting a sound transducer 56i and / or to receive a sound transducer signal 54 2 from the sound transducer element 48 this provides based on an incoming sound wave 56 2 .
- the control unit 52 may be configured to operate the acoustic transducer element 48 in an ultrasonic frequency range, that is, in a frequency range of at least 20 kilohertz.
- the control unit may be designed to operate the sound transducer element 48 in a frequency range of at least 20 kilohertz and at most 200 megahertz, at least 20 kilohertz and at most 150 megahertz, or at least 20 kilohertz and at most 100 megahertz.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 800 according to an exemplary embodiment for producing an impedance matching device, for example the impedance matching device 10, 20, 30, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d and / or 50.
- the method 800 includes a step 810.
- an impedance matching body is provided having a first and an opposite second side.
- the impedance matching body is configured to match a sound characteristic impedance of a medium contacted on the first side to a sound characteristic impedance of a sound transducer contacted on the second side such that the impedance matching body comprises microstructures having a structural extent of at most 500 nanometers along at least one spatial direction.
- the impedance matching body can be manufactured, for example, by being arranged directly on or on a sound transducer or manufactured as a separate component.
- the fabrication of the impedance matching body may include providing a transfer material.
- a positive mold or a negative mold of the microstructures can be formed.
- the transfer material comprises a curable polymer material, in particular a polymer material, the in the context of a multiple photon absorption lithography, for example SU-8 and / or ormocers.
- the production of the positive mold or the negative mold can be effected by applying the transfer material with at least two photons at one location, so that there is a local change of a structural composition of the transfer material is effected, that is, a curing or alternatively liquefaction of the polymer material.
- the multiple photon absorption lithography can provide feature sizes of at most 500 nanometers, at most 300 or at most 100 nanometers.
- the transfer material comprises a metal material in which, for example, by an ablation method by multiple photon absorption, in particular a laser ablation process, the positive form or the negative form of the microstructures can be obtained.
- the transfer material is not limited to a metal material but may also have another material in a solid or liquid state for the (laser) ablation method by multiple-photon absorption according to further embodiments and, for example, a fluid, for example polymerizable fluid or fluid in the solid state, a semiconductor material, at least one organic compound and / or a ceramic material.
- Microstructures with different materials can be combined with each other, so that both the use of a metal material and the use of a polymer material and the use of the fluid in the solid or liquid state and / or the ceramic material in a solid or liquid state can be combined with each other, such as in different layers of the impedance matching body.
- the obtained positive mold or negative mold can be further processed.
- the production may include, for example, a step of coating the positive mold or negative mold.
- inverting the positive or negative mold may be carried out. Inverting can be understood as meaning a change in material of the positive or negative mold.
- the positive mold or negative mold can be coated, then the material of the positive mold or negative mold can be dissolved out, for example by a solvent or an etching process, and then the cavity obtained can be refilled or filled with any desired material.
- the small feature sizes obtained by the multiple-photon lithography method and / or the laser ablation by the multiple-photon absorption can be retained, so that even in materials that can not be processed so precisely, for example by subtractive methods, such small feature sizes are produced can.
- the post-processing may further include pouring off the positive or negative mold. By pouring, a mold transfer from the positive mold or negative mold to a corresponding other mold can be understood. Alternatively or additionally, inclusion of the positive or negative mold can take place in which, for example, the previously prepared positive or negative mold is retained as the core.
- the material 24 may be cured by a lithography process and used as a positive mold, which may be filled with other materials.
- the impedance matching body 30 can be obtained by generating cavities into which the material 24 is later filled. That is, fabricating the impedance matching body may include creating microstructures such that they are formed as tapered microstructures, which is true for both the regions of material 24 and the spaces therebetween.
- producing the impedance matching body may include generating at least one cavity disposed in the impedance matching body and capable of causing there to change an effective density of the impedance matching body.
- the production of a cavity may include both curing for later retention of a material and detachment of a material, and describes, for example, generating different materials and / or densities in the impedance matching body in a spatial means for varying the density of the impedance matching body in the spatial mean.
- manufacturing the impedance matching body may include generating the microstructures as a grid structure.
- the grating structure may be formed of an impedance matching material of the impedance matching body and define cavities extending along the direction perpendicular to the sound passing direction in the impedance matching body.
- the cavities may, for example, have a polygonal cross section with three, four, five or six, seven or a higher number of corners and / or edges, wherein the structures can be combined with one another.
- 4a, 4b, 4c and / or 4d may thus be formed of cured polymer material and / or the metal material, but may also comprise a material which has been input to a corresponding negative mold, the transfer material for defining these structures may later be dissolved or left.
- the manufacturing includes creating the microstructures such that the microstructures form an acoustic path between the sides of the Define impedance matching body, as described for example in connection with FIG. 5.
- a material of the microstructures may have a higher acoustic characteristic impedance than the impedance matching body in a region of the acoustic path.
- the acoustic path may provide a propagation delay for sound transmitted through the acoustic path compared to a direct connection between the first side and the second side.
- the impedance matching body includes an undercut, that is, it includes a shape having a portion that would prevent removal from a mold or an impression mold. This is possible in accordance with the described production method in that any three-dimensional structures can be produced by the ablation method and / or the lithography method.
- An exemplary production process is described in EP 1 084 454 B1.
- a polymerization method by means of multi-photon absorption can be used according to an exemplary embodiment for the described approach in order to produce microstructures with specific acoustic impedance impedances or acoustic characteristic impedance curves.
- Methods described herein allow for the creation of feature sizes of at most 500 nanometers and less, for example at most 300 nanometers or at most 100 nanometers or less.
- the methods provide high flexibility in the design and fabrication of the micro-structures for acoustic impedance matching.
- the mentioned properties offer the advantage of generating precise, exponential sound characteristics and thus ensuring an ideal coupling between the ultrasonic transducer and the load media.
- the high resolution low structural expansion
- the high resolution can be used to greatly reduce the acoustic characteristic impedance at a short distance and thus to a medium such.
- Diffraction effects and other damping effects, which are normally introduced by microstructures, can be reduced or even prevented by targeted design of the microstructures.
- Another advantage of the high precision is the possibility to produce a very accurate layer height, which has a strong influence on the transmission behavior.
- Another advantage is that it is possible to dispense with intermediate and adhesion materials, which were required between individual impedance layers of different matching layers in previous solutions, and this does not preclude an arrangement thereof.
- the described methods are applicable in principle to any type of sound transducers. Advantages lie in the precision which can be obtained in particular in the case of miniaturized sound transducer elements and transducer systems and thus contribute in particular to MEMS-based sound transducers, sound sensors and sound actuators to an added value.
- System with a sound characteristic impedance module characterized in that the layer system as in FIG. 2 consists of several layers of constant sound characteristic impedance, the sound characteristic impedance of the individual layers differing and preferably having characteristic values between the sound characteristic impedances of the sound transducer and the medium, preferably air.
- System characterized in that the sound transducer operates in the ultrasonic frequency range, preferably in the range between 20 kHz and 100 MHz.
- transducer is based on piezoelectric ceramics and composite materials, for example PZT.
- the sound transducer as a micromachined sound transducer (MUT); is preferably realized with capacitive (CMUT), piezoelectric (PMUT) and magnetic action principles (MMUT).
- CMUT capacitive
- PMUT piezoelectric
- MMUT magnetic action principles
- a method for producing a sound characteristic impedance module for the adaptation of the acoustic impedance between a sound transducer and a surrounding medium characterized in that the sound characteristic impedance module has feature sizes below 500 nm.
- Method in which the typical feature size of the acoustic impedance module is less than or equal to 100 nm.
- Method characterized in that the adaptation takes place by generating microcavities and in this case the sound characteristic impedance module through cavities, channels or inclusions are varied in its effective density, effective speed of sound and thus sound characteristic impedance.
- the acoustic characteristic impedance module consists of framework-like gratings with variable skeleton elements, preferably hexagons, hexagons / triangular edges, triangular edges and diamonds.
- Method characterized in that the adaptation takes place by generating wound structures and in this case the sound characteristic impedance module has coiled or wound structures which increase the transit time of the sound wave.
- a method using the multiple photon absorption lithography method for generating the acoustic impedance module characterized in that a transfer medium under the targeted action of at least two photons changes its structural composition and generates a mechanically stable structure compared to the environment.
- the transfer medium consists of liquid and / or solid polymers, metals, gases, ceramics and / or combinations of these materials.
- SiO2 airgel matched piezo-transducers "Ultrasonics, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 217-222, 1994.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018206937.9A DE102018206937A1 (de) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | Impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung, Wandlervorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Impedanzanpassungsvorrichtiung |
| PCT/EP2019/061400 WO2019211447A1 (de) | 2018-05-04 | 2019-05-03 | Impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung, akustische wandlervorrichtung und verfahren zum herstellen einer impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3788618A1 true EP3788618A1 (de) | 2021-03-10 |
| EP3788618B1 EP3788618B1 (de) | 2024-02-28 |
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ID=66440038
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|---|---|---|---|
| EP19722580.8A Active EP3788618B1 (de) | 2018-05-04 | 2019-05-03 | Impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung, akustische wandlervorrichtung und verfahren zum herstellen einer impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11812238B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3788618B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018206937A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019211447A1 (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12548540B2 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2026-02-10 | Bae Systems Plc | Acoustic absorbing structures |
| US20230007954A1 (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-12 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Acoustic impedance matching devices and related methods |
| CN115778426B (zh) * | 2022-11-14 | 2026-04-03 | 浙江大学 | 一种用于匹配颅骨的指数型梯度变化柔性匹配层及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3501808A1 (de) * | 1985-01-21 | 1986-07-24 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Ultraschallwandler |
| CH683718A5 (de) * | 1992-05-15 | 1994-04-29 | Kk Holding Ag | Kombinierter Kraft-, Dehnungs- und Schallemissionsaufnehmer. |
| US5553035A (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1996-09-03 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method of forming integral transducer and impedance matching layers |
| US5511296A (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1996-04-30 | Hewlett Packard Company | Method for making integrated matching layer for ultrasonic transducers |
| JP3964508B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-19 | 2007-08-22 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 超音波探触子及び超音波診断装置 |
| CA2326322C (en) | 1998-04-21 | 2011-03-01 | University Of Connecticut | Free-form nanofabrication using multi-photon excitation |
| US6307302B1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-10-23 | Measurement Specialities, Inc. | Ultrasonic transducer having impedance matching layer |
| JP2001045596A (ja) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-02-16 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 超音波振動子 |
| DE10026584A1 (de) * | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-06 | Wiegel Thomas | Akustik - Element |
| US6936009B2 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2005-08-30 | General Electric Company | Matching layer having gradient in impedance for ultrasound transducers |
| JP3611796B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-28 | 2005-01-19 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 超音波送受波器、超音波送受波器の製造方法及び超音波流量計 |
| JP3655860B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-27 | 2005-06-02 | アロカ株式会社 | 超音波探触子 |
| KR20040086504A (ko) * | 2002-01-28 | 2004-10-11 | 마츠시타 덴끼 산교 가부시키가이샤 | 음향 정합층, 초음파 송수파기 및 이들의 제조 방법, 및초음파 유량계 |
| JP3633926B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-28 | 2005-03-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 超音波送受信器および超音波流量計 |
| US6788620B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2004-09-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Acoustic matching member, ultrasound transducer, ultrasonic flowmeter and method for manufacturing the same |
| US7545079B2 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2009-06-09 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Photoetched ultrasound transducer components |
| DE102008014120A1 (de) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Ultraschallwandler mit akustischer Anpassungsschicht für hohe Ultraschallfrequenzen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung der Anpassungsschicht |
| JP5643667B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-28 | 2014-12-17 | 株式会社東芝 | 超音波トランスデューサ、超音波プローブおよび超音波トランスデューサの製造方法 |
| JPWO2012144226A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-21 | 2014-07-28 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 超音波プローブおよびその製造方法 |
| JPWO2013154077A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-09 | 2015-12-17 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 微細パターンを表面に有する物品およびその製造方法、ならびに光学物品、その製造方法および複製モールドの製造方法 |
| GB2528338B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-07-13 | 168 Ultrasound Pte Ltd | Ultrasound apparatus and method |
| US9794694B2 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-10-17 | Turtle Beach Corporation | Parametric in-ear impedance matching device |
-
2018
- 2018-05-04 DE DE102018206937.9A patent/DE102018206937A1/de active Granted
-
2019
- 2019-05-03 EP EP19722580.8A patent/EP3788618B1/de active Active
- 2019-05-03 WO PCT/EP2019/061400 patent/WO2019211447A1/de not_active Ceased
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2020
- 2020-11-03 US US17/088,352 patent/US11812238B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3788618B1 (de) | 2024-02-28 |
| DE102018206937A1 (de) | 2019-11-07 |
| US20210051403A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
| US11812238B2 (en) | 2023-11-07 |
| WO2019211447A1 (de) | 2019-11-07 |
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