EP3765646A1 - Composition d'acier - Google Patents
Composition d'acierInfo
- Publication number
- EP3765646A1 EP3765646A1 EP19742812.1A EP19742812A EP3765646A1 EP 3765646 A1 EP3765646 A1 EP 3765646A1 EP 19742812 A EP19742812 A EP 19742812A EP 3765646 A1 EP3765646 A1 EP 3765646A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- advantageously
- weight
- composition according
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 62
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002310 Isopropyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020647 Co-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020704 Co—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical class [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101001057156 Homo sapiens Melanoma-associated antigen C2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100027252 Melanoma-associated antigen C2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910018663 Mn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003176 Mn-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLANVVMKMCTKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanidylidynevanadium(1+) Chemical class [V+]#[C-] ZLANVVMKMCTKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new low carbon and high cobalt type lOCrMoNiVCo type steel for thermochemical treatment, particularly intended for the field of transmissions such as bearings and gears.
- the alloy according to the invention can also be used for other applications requiring a high surface hardness combined with a good tenacity at heart, for example in the case of injection systems.
- Bearings are mechanical devices to ensure relative movements and constraints in orientation and direction between two parts.
- the bearings comprise several components: inner ring, outer ring as well as rolling bodies (ball or cylinder) arranged between these two rings. To ensure reliability and performance over time, it is important that these elements have good properties in rolling fatigue, wear, etc., ...
- Gears are mechanical power transmission devices. To ensure a favorable power density (power ratio transmitted by the size of the gears) and the reliability of operation, the gears must have good structural fatigue properties (tooth foot) and contact fatigue (tooth blanks).
- Conventional techniques for making these metal components use electrical steelmaking processes followed by possible remelting operations, or single or multiple vacuum rejections.
- the ingots thus produced are then shaped by hot transformation processes such as rolling or forging in the form of bar, tube or ring. There are two types of metallurgy to ensure the final mechanical properties.
- 1st type the chemical composition of the component makes it possible to obtain the mechanical properties directly after suitable heat treatment.
- 2nd type the component requires a thermochemical treatment to enrich the surface with interstitial chemical elements such as carbon and / or nitrogen. This enrichment in general superficial then allows to obtain high mechanical properties after heat treatment on depths of a few millimeters maximum. These steels generally have better ductility properties than the first type steels.
- thermochemical processes applied to steels of the first type aimed at enriching the surface with nitrogen to obtain very high mechanical properties.
- Type 1 and Type 2 steels generally have surface hardness levels greater than 58 HRC.
- the most widespread shades known as M50 (0.8% C-4% Cr-4.2% Mo-1% V) or 50NiL (0.12% C-4% Cr-4.2% Mo -3.4% Ni-1% V) do not exceed after possible thermochemical treatment and heat treatment adapted a surface hardness of 63 HRC.
- Obtaining hardnesses greater than 64 HRC is now required to significantly improve the properties of the component.
- GB2370281 discloses a valve seat steel by powder metallurgy technology compacted from powder mixtures of an iron base and harder particles.
- the matrix which constitutes a part of the steel, having the following composition, in percentages by weight of the total composition:
- Chromium 1.0-9.0;
- Molybdenum 1.0-9.0;
- Tungsten 1.0-3.0;
- Vanadium 0, 1-1.0
- Nickel + Cobalt + Copper 3.0-15.0;
- this matrix comprises from 5 to 40% by volume of perlite, which results in a lack of ductility of this matrix and therefore embrittlement.
- the material also contains porosity (up to 10%) which does not achieve good properties in mechanical strength and fatigue.
- this document does not suggest using low copper content and on the contrary indicates that its content can be up to 15% by weight.
- a high copper content is not desired for the applications of the present invention because copper is a known embrittler whose content should not exceed 0.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the steel. .
- Chromium 2.5-5.0
- Molybdenum 4-6;
- Tungsten 2-4.5;
- Vanadium 1-3; Nickel: 2-4;
- Niobium 0-2;
- Nitrogen 0-0.5;
- composition grade MIX5 (0.18% C-3.45% Cr-4.93% Mo-3.05% W-2.09% V-0.30% Si-2.89% Ni -5.14% Co-0.27% Mn) which is the most interesting because it has the greatest surface hardness.
- This grade makes it possible to reach a surface hardness after solution treatment at 1150 ° C. and returned at 560 ° C. to a maximum hardness level of about 800 HV, ie an equivalent of 64 HRC maximum.
- this request indicates that the content of Co must be limited to at most 8% and even it is preferable that it is at most 7% and even more preferred at most 6% because the Co increases the level of hardness base material which causes a decrease in toughness.
- the MIX5 grade which is preferred thus has a Co content of 5.14%.
- the patent application WO2017216500 describes a rolling steel having the following composition, in percentages by weight of the total composition:
- Chromium 2.50-5.00, preferably 3.0-4.5;
- Molybdenum 4.0-6.0;
- Tungsten 0.01 - 1.8, preferably 0.02-1.5; Vanadium: 1.0-3.0, preferably 1.5-2.5;
- Cobalt 2.0-8.0, preferably 3.0-7.0;
- Niobium ⁇ 2.0;
- Nitrogen ⁇ 0.50, preferably ⁇ 0.20;
- Silicon ⁇ 0.70, preferably 0.05-0.50;
- Manganese ⁇ 0.70, preferably 0.05-0.50;
- Aluminum ⁇ 0.15, preferably ⁇ 0.10;
- Niobium + Vanadium content being in the range 1.00-3.50;
- the composition grade C (0.18-0.20% C-3, 90-4.00% Cr-5, 00-5, 20% Mo-0, 10-0, 20% W-2, 10-2, 30% V-O, 14-0.16% Si-3, 05-3, 09% Ni-5, 00-5, 40% Co-O, 18-0, 22% Mn-O, 03-0, 05% AI) is the preferred because having the greatest surface hardness.
- This grade makes it possible to reach a surface hardness after solution treatment at 1100 ° C.-1150 ° C. and returned at 500 ° C. to a maximum hardness level of about 66-67 HRC, which is much greater than the surface hardness.
- the obtaining of superficial hardnesses greater than 67 HRC, in particular using a solution heat treatment at a temperature below or equal to 1160 ° C, is therefore difficult to obtain whereas they would make it possible to improve significantly the properties of the component.
- the inventors have surprisingly found that by increasing the cobalt content of the steel described in the applications WO2015 / 082342 and WO2017216500 to a content between 9 and 12.5%, while maintaining the carbon content at a level less than or equal to 0.2% (new balancing carbon / cobalt), the steel obtained had, after thermochemical treatment, in particular carburizing and / or nitriding, a very high surface hardness and even greater than 67 HRC, in particular greater than or equal to 68 HRC and 1mm hardness greater than 860 HV (corresponding to approximately 66HRC according to the ASTME140-12b standard published in May 2013) after a solution heat treatment at a temperature in the range 1100 ° C - 1160 ° C and returned at a temperature greater than
- US Pat. No. 815,791 discloses a Ni-Co type steel having a cobalt content of between 9.9 and 10% and a carbon content of between 0.1 and 0.12% and having a high surface hardness of the order from 68-69 HRC.
- a steel has a high content of chromium (5.3- 5.4%), a low content of vanadium (0.20-0.21%) and of molybdenum (2.5-2.52%) and does not contain tungsten.
- This equilibrium balancing leads after thermochemical treatment and associated quality treatment (including quenching at 1110 ° C. and tempering at 482 ° C.) at an interesting surface hardness but which decreases very rapidly with depth, so it is from 600 pm of depth already identical to that of the base metal ( Figure 1).
- Claim 1 of this patent stipulates a carbon content in the cemented layer limited to about 0.8%. Indeed graphite could appear from 1% by weight of C in the cemented layer (surface layer obtained after cementation).
- Chromium 2.5-5.5; Tungsten equivalent (2xMo + W): 12.5-20;
- Nickel max 5.0;
- This grade is subjected to carburizing or carbonitriding.
- this application only describes the surface hardness properties of 66-69 HRC and only describes the tenacity qualitatively. Balancing this very low carbon content, ⁇ 0.05% by weight, requires limiting the vanadium content to ⁇ 1.5% by weight so as not to degrade the tenacity, and vanadium is an interesting element. to improve the wear resistance.
- This request does not describe either the hardness at heart (reflecting the mechanical strength) of this grade, and given the very low level of carbon it is expected that it degrades the mechanical strength.
- this application does not describe any deep layer carburizing profile.
- a high hardness in all this depth also allows to have more tolerance when it comes to removing material for repair or grinding during a machining, and it is all the more useful for the application transmission of power that is not mentioned in JPH11-210767.
- the inventors have realized that it is possible to obtain a different balance from that proposed by JPH 11-210767 with a higher carbon content, at least 0.06% by weight, and a range of cobalt between 9.0 and 12.5% by weight which allows (a) to obtain a good compromise between hardness and toughness, that is to say a good compromise between mechanical strength and toughness, and (b) to admit more vanadium in its composition without degrade toughness, which is favorable for wear resistance.
- the present invention therefore relates to a steel composition, advantageously cementable and / or nitrurable, more advantageously cementable, comprising, advantageously consisting essentially of, in particular consisting of, in percentages by weight of the total composition:
- Chromium 2.5-5.0, preferably 3.0-4.5;
- Molybdenum 4.0-6.0;
- Tungsten 0.01-3.0;
- Vanadium 1.0-3.0, preferably 1.50-2.50;
- Cobalt 9.0-12.5, preferably 9.5-11.0;
- Niobium ⁇ 2.0;
- Nitrogen ⁇ 0.50, preferably ⁇ 0.20;
- Silicon ⁇ 0.70, preferably 0.05-0.50
- Manganese ⁇ 0.70, preferably 0.05-0.50
- Aluminum ⁇ 0.15, preferably ⁇ 0.10;
- Niobium + Vanadium content being in the range 1, 0-3.5;
- a particularly advantageous composition comprises, advantageously consists essentially of, in particular consists of, in percentages by weight of the total composition:
- Chromium 3.0-4.4, preferably 3.5-4.5;
- Molybdenum 4.0-6.0, preferably 4.5-5.5;
- Vanadium 1.5-2.5, preferably 2.0-2.3;
- Nickel 2.0-4.0, preferably 2.5-3.5;
- Cobalt 9.5-12.5, preferably 9.5-10.5;
- Niobium ⁇ 2.0;
- Silicon ⁇ 0.70, preferably 0.05-0.50;
- Manganese ⁇ 0.70, preferably 0.05-0.50;
- Niobium + Vanadium content being in the range 1.00-3.50;
- the composition according to the invention comprises at most 1% by weight of unavoidable impurities, advantageously at most 0.75% by weight, still more advantageously at most 0.50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the carbide-forming elements which also have a stabilizing effect on ferrite, so-called alphagenes, are essential to the steel composition according to the invention so as to provide sufficient hardness, resistance to heat and wear. .
- stabilizing elements of the austenite so-called gammagenic elements.
- austenite stabilizing elements carbon, nickel, cobalt and manganese
- stabilizing elements of ferrite mobdenum, tungsten, chromium, vanadium and silicon
- the steel composition according to the invention therefore comprises carbon (C) in a content in the range 0.06-0.20%, preferably 0.07-0.20%, in particular 0.08-0. , 20%, more particularly 0.08-0.18%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Carbon (C) stabilizes the austenitic phase of the steel at the treatment temperatures thermal and is essential for the formation of carbides which provide the mechanical properties in general including mechanical strength, high hardness, resistance to heat and wear.
- the presence of a small amount of carbon in a steel is beneficial to avoid the formation of undesirable and fragile intermetallic particles and to form small amounts of carbides to prevent excessive growth of grain size during solution dissolution prior to quenching operation.
- the initial carbon content should not be too high since it is possible to increase the surface hardness of the components formed from the steel composition by carburizing. It is also known that in general the increase in the carbon content makes it possible to significantly increase the level of hardness, which is generally disadvantageous with respect to ductility properties. It is for this reason that the carbon content is limited to 0.20% maximum to obtain a hardness level at the core of the material of at most 650 HV.
- the carbon is implanted in the surface layers of the component, so as to obtain a hardness gradient.
- Carbon is the main element for controlling the hardness of the martensitic phase formed after cementation and heat treatment. In case-hardened steel, it is essential to have a core portion of the material with a low carbon content while having a hard surface with a high carbon content after thermochemical carburizing treatment.
- the steel composition according to the invention further comprises chromium (Cr) in a content in the range of 2.5-5.0%, preferably 3.0-4.5%, even more preferred 3.5. -4.5%, still more preferably 3.8-4.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Chrome contributes to the formation of carbides in steel and is one of the main elements that controls the hardenability of steels.
- chromium can also promote the appearance of ferrite and residual austenite.
- the chromium content of the steel composition according to the invention should not be too high.
- the steel composition according to the invention also comprises molybdenum (Mo) in a content in the range of 4.0-6.0%, preferably 4.5-5.5%, even more preferably 4, 8- 5, 2%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Mo molybdenum
- Molybdenum improves the resistance to wear, wear resistance and hardness of steel. However, molybdenum has a strong stabilizing effect on the ferrite phase and must not be present in excessive amounts in the steel composition according to the invention.
- the steel composition according to the invention further comprises Tungsten (W) in a content in the range 0.01-3.0%, preferably 0.01-1.5%, even more preferred 0.01 -1.4%, advantageously 0.01-1.3%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- W Tungsten
- Tungsten is a stabilizer for ferrite and a strong carbide-forming element. It improves resistance to heat treatment and wear and hardness by carbide formation. However, it can also lower the surface hardness of the steel and especially the properties of ductility and toughness. For this element to play its full role, it is necessary to carry out high temperature dissolution.
- the steel composition according to the invention further comprises vanadium (V) in a content in the range of 1.0-3.0%, preferably 1.5-2.5%, even more preferably 1, 7. -3.0%, advantageously 1.7-2.5%, more preferably 1.7-2.3%, still more preferably 2.00-2.3%, especially 2.0-2.2%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Vanadium stabilizes the ferrite phase and has a strong affinity for carbon and nitrogen. Vanadium provides resistance to wear and tear by forming hard vanadium carbides. Vanadium may be partly substituted by niobium (Nb), which has similar properties.
- the combined Niobium + Vanadium content must therefore be in the range 1.0-3.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, advantageously in the range 1.7-3.5% by weight relative to total weight of the composition.
- the steel composition according to the invention does not comprise Niobium.
- the steel composition according to the invention also comprises nickel (Ni) in a content in the range 2.0-4.0%, preferably 2.5-3.5%, even more preferably 2, 7- 3, 3%, advantageously 3, 0-3, 2%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Nickel promotes the formation of austenite and therefore inhibits the formation of ferrite. Another effect of Nickel is to decrease the temperature Ns, ie the temperature at which transformation from austenite to martensite begins during cooling. This can prevent the formation of martensite. The quantity of nickel must therefore be controlled to avoid the formation of residual austenite in cemented components.
- the steel composition according to the invention further comprises cobalt (Co) in a content within the range of 9.0-12.5%, preferably 9.5-12.5%, advantageously 9.5-11. , 0%, more preferably 9.5-10.5%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- cobalt content is measured according to the standards ASTM-E1097-12 published in June 2017 and ASTM E1479_16 published in December 2016.
- the measurement error of the cobalt content of the steel according to the invention is thus ⁇ 2, About 5% relative and evaluated according to IS05724-1 (December 1994), IS05725-2 (December 1994), IS05725-3 (December 1994), IS05725-4 (December 1994), IS05725-5 (December 1994), IS05725 -6 (December 1994) and the standard NF ISO / IEC Guide 98-3 of July 11, 2014.
- Cobalt is a highly stabilizing element of austenite that prevents the formation of undesirable ferrite. Unlike Nickel, Cobalt increases the Ms temperature, which in turn decreases the amount of residual austenite. Cobalt, in combination with nickel, allows the presence of ferrite stabilizers such as the carbide-forming elements Mo, W, Cr and V.
- the carbide-forming elements are essential for the steel according to the invention because of their effect on hardness, resistance to heat and wear. Cobalt has a small effect of increasing hardness on steel. However, this increase in hardness is correlated with the decrease in toughness. It is therefore not necessary for the steel composition according to the invention to contain an excessive amount of cobalt.
- Co makes it possible to limit the C content while avoiding the promotion of ferrite for a composition according to the invention (containing the contents of Cr, Mo, V, Ni and W as described above). This limitation in carbon makes it possible to compensate the increase in hardness related to the addition of Co.
- the steel composition according to the invention may further comprise silicon (Si) in a content ⁇ 0.70%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Si silicon
- it comprises silicon, in particular in a content in the range 0.05-0.50%, preferably 0.05-0.30%, advantageously 0.07-0.25%, more advantageously 0 , 10-0.20%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the steel composition according to the invention may further comprise manganese (Mn) in a content ⁇ 0.70%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Mn manganese
- it comprises manganese, in particular in a content in the range 0.05-0.50%, preferably 0.05-0.30%, advantageously 0.07-0.25%, even more advantageously 0 , 10-0.22%, more particularly 0.10-0.20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Manganese stabilizes the austenite phase and decreases the Ms temperature in the steel composition.
- Manganese is generally added to steels during their manufacture because of its affinity for sulfur, so manganese sulphide is formed during solidification. it eliminates the risk of formation of iron sulphides which have an adverse effect on the hot machining of steels.
- Manganese is also part of the deoxidation step like Silicon. The combination of manganese with silicon gives deoxidation more efficient than each of these elements alone.
- the steel composition according to the invention may comprise nitrogen (N), in a content ⁇ 0.50%, preferably ⁇ 0.20%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- Nitrogen promotes the formation of austenite and lowers the transformation of austenite to martensite. Nitrogen can to a certain extent replace the carbon in the steel according to the invention to form nitrides. However, the carbon + nitrogen content must be in the range 0.06-0.50% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the steel composition according to the invention may comprise aluminum (Al), in a content of ⁇ 0.15%, preferably ⁇ 0.10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. .
- Aluminum (Al) can indeed be present during the steel manufacturing process according to the invention and contributes very effectively to the deoxidation of the liquid steel. This is particularly the case during reflow processes such as the VIM-VAR process.
- the aluminum content is generally higher in the steels produced using the VIM-VAR process than in the steels obtained by the powder technology. Aluminum causes difficulties during the atomization by obstruction of the casting nozzle by oxides.
- a low oxygen content is important for good micro-cleanliness as well as good mechanical properties such as fatigue resistance and mechanical strength.
- the oxygen content obtained by ingot is typically less than 15 ppm.
- the composition according to the present invention is cementable, that is to say it can undergo a cementation treatment, and / or nitrurable, that is to say it can undergo nitriding treatment and even advantageously it can undergo a thermochemical treatment, in particular chosen from carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding and cementation followed by nitriding.
- the surface (preferably a superficial layer having a thickness of 100 microns) is thus advantageously enriched with carbon to obtain a final carbon content (final carbon content) of 0.5% - 1.7% by weight, more preferably 0% by weight. , 8% - 1.5% by weight, more preferably at least 1% by weight, in particular 1-1.3% by weight, more preferably still> 1.1% by weight, still more particularly between 1 , 2 and 1.5% by weight.
- the surface carbon content will be understood to have been determined using a sampling of a surface layer to a depth of 100 microns.
- nitriding it is the nitrogen content that increases on the surface of the steel, and therefore also the surface hardness. If carbonitriding or cementation followed by nitriding are used, it is the carbon and nitrogen contents on the surface of the steel which are increased and thus also the surface hardness.
- the steel composition according to the invention after a thermochemical treatment, advantageously carburizing or nitriding or carbonitriding or carburizing and then nitriding, followed by a heat treatment, a superficial hardness superior at 67HRC, in particular greater than or equal to 68 HRC, measured according to ASTM E18 published in July 2017 or equivalent standard.
- 910HV approximately 67.25 HRC according to the ASTM E140-12b standard published in May 2013
- 920 HV in particular greater than or equal to 940HV
- 930 HV corresponding to approximately 67.75 HRC according to the ASTM E140-12b standard published in May 2013
- 940 HV corresponding to 68 HRC depending on the ASTM E140-12b standard published in May 2013
- 950 HV measured according to the ASTM E384 standard published in August 2017 or equivalent standard after dissolution at a temperature of 1150 ° C.
- the steel composition obtained by these treatments advantageously has a surface carbon concentration (final surface content) of 1-1.3% by weight.
- Said heat treatment may comprise:
- a first cooling in particular under a neutral gas at, for example, a pressure of 2 bar (2 ⁇ 10 5 Pa), advantageously up to room temperature (this phase makes it possible to obtain a mainly martensitic microstructure with residual austenite.
- This residual austenite is a function of the cooling temperature: the content decreases with the cooling temperature),
- the steel of interest according to the invention is therefore to obtain high levels of hardness with a limited thermal treatment (temperature between 1090 ° C-1160 ° C, preferably between 1100 ° C-1160 ° C, more preferably between 1100 ° C-1155 ° C, in particular between 1100 ° C-1150 ° C, more particularly 1150 ° C).
- the steel composition according to the invention after a thermochemical treatment, advantageously carburizing or nitriding or carbonitriding or carburizing and then nitriding, followed by a heat treatment, a martensitic structure having a residual austenite content less than 10% by weight, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, and free of ferrite and perlite, known phases to reduce the surface hardness of steel.
- Said heat treatment may be as described above.
- the present invention furthermore relates to a method for manufacturing a steel blank having the composition according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises:
- step d) of the process according to the present invention is as described above.
- thermochemical treatment of step c) of the process according to the present invention consists of a carburizing or nitriding or carbonitriding or cementation and then nitriding treatment, advantageously it is a case hardening treatment, more particularly allowing a surface carbon enrichment resulting in a final carbon content of at least 1% by weight, still more preferably> 1.1% by weight.
- step b) of the method according to the present invention consists of a rolling step, forging and / or spinning, advantageously forging.
- step a) of developing the process according to the present invention is carried out by means of a conventional arc furnace refining and conductive slag remelting (ESR) process, or by a VIM or VIM-VAR process, possibly with a conductive slag (ESR) and / or vacuum (VAR) remelting step, or by powder metallurgy such as gas atomization and hot isostatic compaction compression (HIP) ).
- ESR arc furnace refining and conductive slag remelting
- VIM-VAR conductive slag
- VAR conductive slag
- VAR vacuum
- powder metallurgy such as gas atomization and hot isostatic compaction compression (HIP)
- the steel according to the present invention can be produced by a VIM-VAR process.
- This process makes it possible to obtain a very good inclusion cleanliness and improves the chemical homogeneity of the ingot. It is also possible to carry out a conductive slag remelting path (ESR: Electro Slag Remelting) or to combine ESR and VAR operations (vacuum remelting).
- ESR Electro Slag Remelting
- This steel can also be obtained by metallurgy powders. This process makes it possible to produce high purity metal powder by atomization, preferably gas atomization, making it possible to obtain low oxygen contents.
- the powder is then compressed using, for example, hot isostatic compaction (HIP).
- HIP hot isostatic compaction
- the present invention also relates to a steel blank that can be obtained by the process according to the invention.
- This blank is made of steel having the composition according to the present invention and as described above.
- a mechanical member advantageously a transmission element, in particular a gear, a transmission shaft or a bearing, more particularly a bearing or a gear, more particularly a bearing, made of steel having the composition according to the invention or obtained from a steel blank according to the invention.
- a steel injection system having the composition according to the invention or obtained from a steel blank according to the invention.
- the Nb content is below the limit of detection. Nb ⁇ 0.005% for all examples.
- Comparative Example 1 These compositions are very similar with the exception of Comparative Example 1.
- the main notable differences between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 are the content of V, Mo and Cr.
- the cemented bars were treated with (1) solution at 1100 ° C or 1150 ° C, (2) hold for 15 min at this temperature for austenitization, (3) cooling under a neutral gas at a pressure between 2 and 6 bar (2 x 10 5 and 6 x 10 5 Pa), (4) a period at room temperature, (5) cooling at -70 ° C for 2 hours, and (6) 3 incurring at a temperature of 500 ° C for 1 hour each.
- the HV hardness profiles measured according to ASTM E384 published in August 2017 of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- the surface hardness after carburizing exceeds 920 HV for a solution temperature of 1100 ° C and exceeds 930 HV for a dissolution temperature of 1150 ° C.
- the hardness at 1 mm depth is always greater than 860 HV for a dissolution temperature of 1100 ° C and is always higher than 880 HV for a solution temperature of 1150 ° C. for all the examples except comparative example 1 (effect of the lack of alloying elements).
- the hardnesses on basic materials are all less than 650 HV.
- Comparative Example 2 shows delta ferrite after heat treatment, in a small amount but sufficient to decrease toughness properties.
- Example 7 very close to Comparative Example 2 at the level of its W-composition, does not have delta ferrite and makes it possible to obtain tenacity values almost doubled compared with Comparative Example 2 while maintaining a good mechanical strength (Rm) of about 1500 MPa, which was determined according to ASTM E399-17 published in February 2018, is equivalent to a hardness of 450 HV according to ASTM E384 published in August 2017.
- Rm mechanical strength
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1852202A FR3078978B1 (fr) | 2018-03-14 | 2018-03-14 | Composition d'acier |
PCT/FR2019/050573 WO2019186016A1 (fr) | 2018-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | Composition d'acier |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3765646A1 true EP3765646A1 (fr) | 2021-01-20 |
EP3765646B1 EP3765646B1 (fr) | 2023-08-02 |
Family
ID=63407283
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19742812.1A Active EP3765646B1 (fr) | 2018-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | Composition d'acier |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210010116A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3765646B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2960814T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3078978B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL3765646T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019186016A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110273103B (zh) * | 2019-07-15 | 2020-09-25 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种非调质钢盘条强度均匀性控制方法 |
CN110527911B (zh) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-12-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种低密度高强高耐蚀齿轮轴承钢及其制备方法 |
RU2748448C1 (ru) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-05-25 | Акционерное общество "Объединенная двигателестроительная корпорация" (АО "ОДК") | Цементуемая теплостойкая сталь |
CN113088623B (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-11-01 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | 一种超纯G102Cr18Mo不锈轴承钢的制备方法 |
CN114318151B (zh) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-11-01 | 安徽华天机械股份有限公司 | 一种高强度汽车冷轧卷材分切刀片用钢材料及制备工艺 |
CN114774771B (zh) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-15 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | 一种大载荷轧机轴承用渗碳轴承钢及其生产方法 |
CN117821734B (zh) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-10-01 | 江苏汇九齿轮有限公司 | 一种用于行星齿轮热处理工艺及其装置与方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5458703A (en) * | 1991-06-22 | 1995-10-17 | Nippon Koshuha Steel Co., Ltd. | Tool steel production method |
US5424028A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-13 | Latrobe Steel Company | Case carburized stainless steel alloy for high temperature applications |
JPH11210767A (ja) * | 1998-01-27 | 1999-08-03 | Senshin Zairyo Riyo Gas Generator Kenkyusho:Kk | 転がり軸受 |
JP2002129296A (ja) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-09 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | バルブシート用鉄基焼結合金材および鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート |
US8157931B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2012-04-17 | Northwestern University | Case hardenable nickel-cobalt steel |
SE537923C2 (sv) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-11-24 | Stållegering och komponent innefattande en sådan stållegering | |
FR3052789B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-17 | 2018-07-13 | Aubert & Duval | Composition d'acier |
-
2018
- 2018-03-14 FR FR1852202A patent/FR3078978B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-03-14 US US16/980,168 patent/US20210010116A1/en active Pending
- 2019-03-14 EP EP19742812.1A patent/EP3765646B1/fr active Active
- 2019-03-14 ES ES19742812T patent/ES2960814T3/es active Active
- 2019-03-14 PL PL19742812.1T patent/PL3765646T3/pl unknown
- 2019-03-14 WO PCT/FR2019/050573 patent/WO2019186016A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3765646B1 (fr) | 2023-08-02 |
FR3078978B1 (fr) | 2020-03-13 |
WO2019186016A1 (fr) | 2019-10-03 |
ES2960814T3 (es) | 2024-03-06 |
PL3765646T3 (pl) | 2023-11-27 |
US20210010116A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
FR3078978A1 (fr) | 2019-09-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3765646B1 (fr) | Composition d'acier | |
EP3472363A1 (fr) | Composition d'acier | |
CA2607446C (fr) | Acier martensitique durci, procede de fabrication d'une piece a partir de cet acier, et piece ainsi obtenue | |
EP2164998B1 (fr) | Acier martensitique durci à teneur faible ou nulle en cobalt, procédé de fabrication d'une pièce à partir de cet acier, et pièce ainsi obtenue | |
EP2310546B1 (fr) | Acier martensitique durci à teneur faible en cobalt, procédé de fabrication d'une pièce à partir de cet acier, et pièce ainsi obtenue | |
CA2335911C (fr) | Acier de cementation a temperature de revenu elevee, procede pour son obtention et pieces formees avec cet acier | |
FR2885141A1 (fr) | Acier martensitique durci, procede de fabrication d'une piece a partir de cet acier, et piece ainsi obtenue | |
JP6471914B2 (ja) | 鋼合金およびそのような鋼合金を含む部品、鋼合金の製造方法 | |
FR2765890A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'une piece mecanique en acier cementee ou carbonitruree et acier pour la fabrication de cette piece | |
WO2011065593A1 (fr) | Lingot pour roulement, et procédé de production d'acier à roulements | |
CA2559562C (fr) | Acier pour pieces mecaniques, procede de fabrication de pieces mecaniques l'utilisant et pieces mecaniques ainsi realisees | |
WO2018186298A1 (fr) | PRODUIT D'ALLIAGE À BASE DE Cr-Fe-Ni ET SON PROCÉDÉ DE FABRICATION | |
FR2500483A1 (fr) | Poudre d'acier faiblement allie atomisee a l'huile et son procede de production | |
EP1051531A1 (fr) | Acier et procede pour la fabrication de pieces de mecanique secables | |
JP2006028568A (ja) | 高温浸炭用鋼およびその製造方法 | |
FR3056229A1 (fr) | Alliage d’acier inoxydable cementable | |
JP2001240943A (ja) | 高疲労強度を有するマルエージング鋼ならびにそれを用いたマルエージング鋼帯 | |
JP2001240944A (ja) | 高疲労強度を有するマルエージング鋼ならびにそれを用いたマルエージング鋼帯 | |
JPH0578782A (ja) | 転がり軸受 | |
WO2022064124A1 (fr) | Procede de forgeage d'une piece en acier maraging |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20200922 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20221014 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
INTC | Intention to grant announced (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20230314 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230509 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602019034073 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: FP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG9D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20231103 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20231202 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SK Ref legal event code: T3 Ref document number: E 42671 Country of ref document: SK |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20231204 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20231102 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20231202 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20231103 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2960814 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20240306 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20240320 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20240321 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20240320 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: CZ Payment date: 20240304 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20240321 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: SK Payment date: 20240304 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602019034073 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20240320 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20240329 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20240328 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20240320 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20240503 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20240429 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230802 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Payment date: 20240301 Year of fee payment: 6 |