EP3754364B1 - Dispositif de radar laser - Google Patents

Dispositif de radar laser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3754364B1
EP3754364B1 EP18911713.8A EP18911713A EP3754364B1 EP 3754364 B1 EP3754364 B1 EP 3754364B1 EP 18911713 A EP18911713 A EP 18911713A EP 3754364 B1 EP3754364 B1 EP 3754364B1
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Prior art keywords
light
optical
signal
laser radar
radar device
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EP18911713.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3754364A1 (fr
EP3754364A4 (fr
Inventor
Shumpei Kameyama
Eisuke HARAGUCHI
Yutaka KAJIYAMA
Nobuki KOTAKE
Takayuki Yanagisawa
Toshiyuki Ando
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/484—Transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/4868—Controlling received signal intensity or exposure of sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laser radar device using coherent detection.
  • Non-Patent Literature 1 As laser radar devices for measuring wind, systems using coherent detection that enables Doppler frequency measurement and high-sensitivity reception are mainly used. In such a laser radar device, a pulse method is necessary for simultaneous measurement of the distribution in a distance direction, and this method is conventionally used (for example, see Non-Patent Literature 1).
  • Conventional laser radar devices divide continuous wave (CW) light from a light source into transmission light and local light, pulse-modulate the transmission light, amplify by an optical amplifier, transmit and receive the pulse light to and from aerosols in the atmosphere via an optical circulator and a transmission and reception optical system, multiplex reception light and the local light by an optical multiplexer, and perform coherent detection by a light receiving element and a current-voltage converter.
  • CW continuous wave
  • JP S58 111775 A describes a pulse laser device that generates a laser beam comprising a short pulse part of high strength and a long pulse part of low strength.
  • This laser beam is divided into two parts by a beam splitter. One part thereof is transmitted as transmission light through a transmission optical system while the other part thereof is supplied to a detector as a local oscillation light via a high speed shutter and a beam coupler.
  • the transmission light reflected on a target is received by the receiving optical system and the received light is fed to the beam coupler while the local oscillation light continues thereby permitting a homodyne detection.
  • EP 0 290 128 A2 describes an interferometer for transmitting a laser beam toward a target, portions of the transmitted beam reflected by the target are directed onto a detecting surface of a detector element with a local oscillator beam to provide a beat frequency signal representative of a target range.
  • the detector element is implemented as a photoconductive detector which can be cooled be thermoelectric stacks.
  • US 8 188 418 B1 describes a switchable dual-mode detection system that can be electronically or optically switched between direct and coherent detection.
  • the dual-mode detection system comprises a photo detector and one or more switching elements used in conjunction with the photo detector to electronically or optically switch the detection system between direct and coherent detection.
  • the switching elements include a switchable detector driver that selectively biases the photo detector into a low gain mode for coherent detection and a high gain mode for direct detection, and/or a switchable optical subsystem that selectively mixes a local oscillator beam with the input signal beam for coherent detection and not for direct detection, and/or an amplifier switch that selectively directs the output photo current of the photo detector to one of two amplifiers, where one of the amplifiers is optimized for direct detection and the other for coherent detection.
  • JP 6 274368 B1 describes a laser radar apparatus of the present invention outputs a light having a first frequency in a first time and outputs a light having a second frequency in a second time, and a light output from the light source.
  • An optical branching device that branches into signal light and local emission, an optical modulator that modulates the signal light into pulsed light, and an optical antenna that radiates the pulsed light into space and receives scattered light from a target as received light.
  • Measurement that measures the distance to the target or the movement characteristics of the target using the optical heterodyne receiver that detects the received light by heterodyne using the station emission and the received signal detected by the optical heterodyne receive.
  • JP S62 38380 A discloses a solution to reduce the size and weight of a speed measuring instrument by supplying laser light emitted by a laser light source directly to an optical fiber whose end surface is tapered. Specifically, laser light obtained from a semiconductor laser is entered into the optical fiber from its tapered surface through a lens and projected from the other end surface. Then, when a body to be measured passes before it, reflected light is supplied to the optical fiber again from the end surface. This reflected light is Doppler-shifted in proportion to the speed of the object body. Further, part of the laser light propagated in the optical fiber is reflected as it is and propagated as reference light in the optical fiber in the opposite direction together with the signal light, and then reflected totally by the tapered surface.
  • Non-Patent Literature 1 T. Ando et al., "All-fiber coherent Doppler technologies at Mitsubishi Electric Corporation," IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 1, 2008 .
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described disadvantages, and an object of the invention is to provide a laser radar device capable of simplifying the configuration and reducing costs.
  • a laser radar device includes, inter alia: an optical transmission unit for transmitting a pulse-modulated optical signal having a light intensity set as a low-level component of a pulse; a circulator for transmitting the optical signal as transmission light and acquiring reflection light from a target in an atmosphere as reception light; an optical partial reflecting unit for reflecting the optical signal, the optical partial reflecting unit being provided on a path through which the transmission light is transmitted from the circulator to the atmosphere; and a detection unit for performing coherent detection on the reception light using, as local light, a signal in a low time period of the optical signal reflected by the optical partial reflecting unit.
  • a pulse-modulated optical signal is reflected by the optical partial reflecting unit, and reflection light in the Low level section of the optical signal is used as local light.
  • the configuration can be simplified and costs can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration and the operation of a laser radar device according to the present embodiment.
  • the laser radar device illustrated in FIG. 1 includes an optical transmission unit 3 including a light source 1 and a light source driver 2, an optical amplifier 4, a circulator 5, an optical partial reflector 6, a transmission and reception optical system 7, and a detection unit 11 including a light receiving element 8, a current and voltage converter 9, and a signal processor 10.
  • the optical transmission unit 3 is a processing unit that transmits a pulse-modulated optical signal having a light intensity set as a Low level component of the pulse.
  • the light source 1 of the optical transmission unit 3 is a circuit or an element that emits light
  • the light source driver 2 is a device for pulse-modulating an optical signal output from the light source 1.
  • the optical amplifier 4 is a circuit that amplifies the optical signal transmitted from the optical transmission unit 3.
  • the circulator 5 is a device that transmits the optical signal as transmission light and acquires reflection light from a target in the atmosphere as reception light. There is a space from the transmission output end of the circulator 5, and the transmission and reception optical system 7 is disposed ahead of the space. In this space and the transmission and reception optical system 7, polarization of light is maintained.
  • the optical partial reflector 6 is an optical partial reflecting unit provided on a path through which the transmission light is transmitted from the transmission output end of the circulator 5 to the atmosphere.
  • the optical partial reflector 6 is provided between the transmission output end of the circulator 5 and the transmission and reception optical system 7, as an optical partial reflecting unit.
  • the transmission and reception optical system 7 is an optical system for emitting transmission light from the circulator 5 into the atmosphere and acquiring reflection light from a target.
  • the detection unit 11 is a processing unit that performs coherent detection on reception light from the circulator 5 using, as local light, a signal in a low time period reflected by the optical partial reflector 6.
  • the light receiving element 8 of the detection unit 11 is an element performing coherent detection on the local light and the reception light and converting a result of the coherent detection into a current signal.
  • the current-voltage converter 9 is a device that converts the current signal from the light receiving element 8 into a voltage signal.
  • the signal processor 10 is a device that performs a frequency analysis on the voltage signal from the current-voltage converter 9.
  • the transmission paths between the light source 1 and the optical amplifier 4, between the optical amplifier 4 and the circulator 5, between the circulator 5 and the optical partial reflector 6, and between the circulator 5 and the light receiving element 8 are optical transmission paths, it is not necessary to use polarization-maintaining systems such as polarization-maintaining fibers. Specifically, the connection is made by single-mode optical fibers that do not maintain polarization. Meanwhile, the transmission paths between the light source driver 2 and the light source 1, between the light source driver 2 and the signal processor 10, between the light receiving element 8 and the current-voltage converter 9, and between the current-voltage converter 9 and the signal processor 10 are implemented by corresponding electric signal lines.
  • distances 101, 102, 103,... each indicate distances of aerosols in the atmosphere from the transmission and reception optical system 7.
  • Arrow 100 indicates transmission light output from the circulator 5
  • arrow 200 indicates local light input to the circulator 5
  • arrow 300 indicates reception light input to the circulator 5.
  • the optical amplifier 4 and the transmission and reception optical system 7 are for transmitting light with a large power and receiving light with a large reception aperture, and are used to ensure a signal-to-noise power ratio in reception. However, they are not necessarily essential components for the laser radar device of the first embodiment, because, for example in a case where only a very short distance is measured, the optical transmission power may be small and no large reception aperture is required, and there are cases where a sufficient signal-to-noise power ratio can be ensured even without the optical amplifier 4 and the transmission and reception optical system 7.
  • the light source 1, the optical amplifier 4, the circulator 5, and the light receiving element 8 are components having an optical fiber pigtail that is not a polarization-maintaining type, and the optical amplifier 4 is an optical fiber amplifier that is not a polarization-maintaining type.
  • Pulse modulation is applied to the light source 1 by a modulation signal from the light source driver 2.
  • the extinction ratio (light intensity ratio between a high time period and a low time period in pulse modulation) is adjusted so that a certain level of continuous wave (CW) light is output even in the low time period.
  • FIG. 2 A schematic diagram of pulse-modulated light is illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • a low-level signal is obtained by adjusting the extinction ratio and causing a slight leak.
  • the light source driver 2 transmits a trigger signal to the signal processor 10 in synchronization with the pulse modulation.
  • An optical signal from the light source 1 is amplified by the optical amplifier 4 and sent to the circulator 5.
  • the optical signal has the same shape as that in the schematic diagram of FIG. 2 also in the output from the optical amplifier 4.
  • the optical signal from the optical amplifier 4 is sent to the optical partial reflector 6 via the circulator 5.
  • the optical partial reflector 6 reflects a part of the optical signal sent from the circulator 5 while maintaining the polarization of the optical signal immediately before incidence on the optical partial reflector 6. This reflection light is referred to as partial reflection light in the following description. As will be described later, this partial reflection light is used as local light in coherent detection.
  • the optical signal that has passed through the optical partial reflector 6 is transmitted into the atmosphere via the transmission and reception optical system 7, as transmission light.
  • Scattered light from the aerosols in the atmosphere is received as reception light via the transmission and reception optical system 7.
  • the reception light for the Low signal works as disturbing light; however, it is only required to appropriately adjust the extinction ratio in the pulse modulation so that the level of this disturbing light is sufficiently low with respect to the reception light for transmission of a desired pulse High component.
  • the scattered light received by the transmission/reception optical system 7 passes through the optical partial reflector 6, as a reception signal, and is sent to the circulator 5.
  • the partial reflection light and the reception light are multiplexed.
  • the polarization is maintained during the process from when the optical signal is scattered by the aerosols in the atmosphere via the optical partial reflector 6 and the transmission and reception optical system 7 until the scattered optical signal as reception light is multiplexed with the partial reflection light. Therefore, the partial reflection light and the reception light can be multiplexed in a state where their respective polarizations match.
  • the multiplexing of the partial reflection light and the reception light the multiplexing is performed with a time gap by the time for the optical signal to make a round trip in the atmosphere.
  • the round-trip time of light is quite short. For example, it takes only 0.1 ms to make a round trip over a distance of 15 km. Meanwhile, fluctuation in the polarization occurs for a period of the order of one second. Therefore, it is conceivable that fluctuation in the polarization during the round-trip time of light is negligible.
  • FIG. 3A is a graph illustrating transmission light
  • FIG. 3B is a graph illustrating reception light
  • a pulse High component 201 illustrated in FIG. 3A has an optical frequency of fO and does not contribute to reception detection.
  • the pulse Low component 202 has an optical frequency of fO and is used for reception detection.
  • Reception light 301 from the distance 101 illustrated in FIG. 3B has an optical frequency of fO + fd1
  • reception light 302 from the distance 102 has an optical frequency of fO + fd2
  • reception light 303 from the distance 103 has an optical frequency of fO + fd3.
  • Symbols fd1, fd2, and fd3 denote Doppler frequency shifts, and the reception light is subjected to a Doppler frequency shift by an amount corresponding to the wind speed of the aerosols travelling by the wind.
  • the reception light is multiplexed with the component of the time period of pulse modulation Low out of the partial reflection light.
  • the reception light and the partial reflection light are sent to the light receiving element 8 via the circulator 5 in a multiplexed state.
  • the reception light and the partial reflection light are coherently detected and converted into a current signal. At this point, it is possible to maintain a high coherent detection efficiency since polarizations of the reception light and the partial reflection light match.
  • the current signal from the light receiving element 8 has a Doppler frequency corresponding to a difference in the optical frequency depending on the wind speed.
  • This current signal is converted into a voltage signal by the current-voltage converter 9 and sent to the signal processor 10.
  • the signal processor 10 can know the optical round-trip time, that is, the origin of the measured distance. Therefore, the distance to the atmospheric range where the reception light has been scattered can be grasped on the time axis of the voltage signal.
  • the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, and is applied with a time gate at a time period corresponding to each distance like in the process described in Non-Patent Literature 1, and each result is subjected to frequency analysis to obtain a Doppler frequency shift, thereby further obtaining the wind speed.
  • This makes it possible to obtain the distribution of wind speed in a distance direction by one time of pulse transmission.
  • a means of frequency analysis it suffices to use fast Fourier transform or the like.
  • the laser radar device of the first embodiment it is possible to maintain a high coherent detection efficiency in optical reception without making an optical transmission path a polarization-maintaining system. Moreover, a pulse modulation function is further included, and it is possible to simultaneously obtain the distribution of wind in the distance direction.
  • optical components that does not maintain the polarization.
  • optical components include a single mode optical fiber that does not maintain the polarization, an optical fiber amplifier using the optical fiber, an optical circulator using the optical fiber, and a semiconductor laser diode including a pigtail of the optical fiber.
  • costly polarization-maintaining components are required, in order to maintain a high coherent detection efficiency. These costly optical components are unnecessary, and thus both lower costs and a high coherent detection efficiency can be achieved.
  • an optical splitter which is necessary for separating transmission light and local light
  • an optical multiplexer which is necessary for multiplexing the local light and scattered light in the related art are unnecessary, which also exerts the effect of reducing the costs.
  • optical partial reflector 6 is disposed subsequent to the transmission output end of the circulator 5 in the above example; however, in a case where the circulator 5 is a component including an optical fiber pigtail, the optical partial reflector 6 can also be implemented by applying partial reflection coating to the transmission output end. Moreover, a certain amount of partial reflection always occurs at the transmission output end of the circulator 5 due to the difference in the refractive index between the optical fiber and the air, and thus this can be used as a partial reflection function. Therefore, although the function of optical partial reflection itself is necessary in the laser radar device of the present invention, a configuration other than the optical partial reflector 6 may be used as a means for implementing the function.
  • the partial reflection function of the optical partial reflector 6 is disposed on the output side of the transmission and reception optical system 7, that is, on the atmosphere side, it is unnecessary for the space between the circulator 5 and the transmission and reception optical system 7 as well as the transmission and reception optical system 7 to maintain the polarization.
  • the partial reflection function needs to be on the output side of the circulator 5, but as long as a change in polarization is small in the process in which transmission light is transmitted therefrom to the atmosphere, the function works effectively regardless of its location.
  • setting a high reflectance in the optical partial reflector 6 corresponds to setting a high level of local light in the coherent detection, and thus this makes it easier to bring the reception state closer to the shot noise limit which is the ideal detection state in coherent detection.
  • pulse light having a high peak is also reflected at a high reflectance in this case, and thus the light receiving element 8 may be damaged when the reflected pulse light is input to the light receiving element 8. Therefore, there is a case where it is necessary to set a low reflectance in the optical partial reflector 6. In such a case, the level of partial reflection light also decreases, and it is difficult to approach the shot noise limit.
  • This example illustrates a configuration in which a negative feedback resistor 9b is connected to an operational amplifier 9a. With this configuration, it is possible to implement a state close to the shot noise limit even in a case where the level of partial reflection light decreases.
  • this laser radar device is mounted on a wind turbine or disposed in the vicinity thereof, and is used for the purpose of measuring the wind in front of the wind turbine. More specifically, in an application case such as wind turbine control by front wind measurement or evaluation of the wind turbine power generation, operation is made with the wind turbine facing in a head wind direction, and thus the positive and negative of the wind speed are known and not required to be distinguished.
  • the light source 1 is applied with pulse modulation.
  • a specific example of this method is illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the configuration illustrated in FIG. 5A is an example of direct modulation on a driving current for the light source 1 which is a semiconductor laser diode.
  • output from a CW light source such as a semiconductor laser diode 1a is modulated by a pulse modulator 1b.
  • the pulse modulator 1b for example, an optical semiconductor amplifier, a Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator, or an acousto-optic (AO) modulator are conceivable.
  • pulse modulation involves a frequency shift. Therefore, if this frequency shift amount is appropriately adjusted, this is the intermediate frequency in the coherent detection, thereby allowing the positive and negative of the Doppler frequency shift, that is, the positive and negative of the wind speed, to be distinguished, and enabling further enhancement in the functionality.
  • the laser radar device has been described as a coherent laser radar that measures the wind; however, the measurement target is not limited to the wind, and the laser radar device is applicable to all laser radars that adopt coherent detection by a pulse method, such as a laser range finder that measures, for example, round-trip time of pulse light to a hard target.
  • a pulse method such as a laser range finder that measures, for example, round-trip time of pulse light to a hard target.
  • the noise level can be stabilized by making the conversion gain in the current-voltage converter 9 variable and controlling this gain depending on the reception state.
  • a conceivable approach is to prepare multiple feedback resistors of a negative feedback transimpedance gain and to switch among the feedback resistors.
  • the configuration illustrated in the figure is an example in which three negative feedback resistors 9b-1, 9b-2, and 9b-3 are switched using switches 9c-1, 9c-2, and 9c-3 provided corresponding to the negative feedback resistors 9b-1, 9b-2, and 9b-3, respectively.
  • this configuration includes the function of transmitting a control signal to the switches 9c-1, 9c-2, and 9c-3 from the signal processor 10 to the current-voltage converter 9.
  • the partial reflection light can be made constant by newly providing the function of adjusting a modulation signal from the light source driver 2.
  • the function of transmitting a control signal from the signal processor 10 to the light source driver 2 is provided.
  • the partial reflection light can be made constant by newly providing the function of adjusting the reflectance of the optical partial reflector 6.
  • the function of transmitting a control signal from the signal processor 10 to the optical partial reflector 6 is provided.
  • a means for adjusting the reflectance a means such as changing the inclination of the optical partial reflector is conceivable.
  • the first embodiment has been described on the assumption that all optical components are non-polarization-maintaining components; however, even when some or all of the components are polarization-maintaining components, it is goes without saying that this poses no problem to the functionality. If non-polarization-maintaining components can be used in some components, this alone can reduce costs. Moreover, even when polarization-maintaining components are used for all the components, there is an effect of reducing costs since an optical splitter and a multiplexer are unnecessary which used to be necessary in a conventional laser radar using a pulse method and coherent detection.
  • FIG. 7 an example in which semiconductor laser diodes 1a-1, 1a-2, and 1a-3 each of which outputs a different wavelength, and a wavelength-combined optical multiplexer 1c are included, is illustrated.
  • the optical amplifier 4 is an optical fiber amplifier and the pulse peak in optical output is limited due to a nonlinear phenomenon in the optical fiber, it is possible to differentiate the multiple wavelengths so that the nonlinear phenomenon can be avoided, and to avoid the pulse peak from being limited.
  • a laser radar device relates to a configuration using coherent detection, and is suitable for use in a laser radar device for measuring wind.
  • 1 light source, 1a, 1a-1, 1a-2, 1a-3: semiconductor laser diode, 1b: pulse modulator, 1c: wavelength-combined optical multiplexer, 2: light source driver, 3: optical transmission unit, 4: optical amplifier, 5: circulator, 6: optical partial reflector, 7: transmission and reception optical system, 8: light receiving element, 9: current-voltage converter, 9a: operational amplifier, 9b, 9b-1, 9b-2, 9b-3: negative feedback resistor, 9c-1, 9c-2, 9c-3: switch, 10: signal processor, 11: detection unit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif radar à laser comprenant :
    une unité de transmission optique (3) pour transmettre un signal optique modulé par impulsions ayant une période de temps élevée et une période de temps faible, dans lequel un niveau de lumière à onde continue est délivré en sortie au cours de la période de temps faible en tant que composante de niveau faible d'une impulsion ;
    un circulateur (5) pour transmettre le signal optique en tant que lumière de transmission et acquérir la lumière de réflexion en provenance d'une cible dans une atmosphère en tant que lumière de réception ;
    une unité de réflexion partielle optique (6) pour réfléchir le signal optique, ce signal optique réfléchi étant une entrée dans le circulateur (5), l'unité de réflexion partielle optique étant disposée sur un chemin à travers lequel est transmise la lumière de transmission depuis le circulateur jusqu'à l'atmosphère ; et
    une unité de détection (11) pour exécuter une détection cohérente sur la lumière de réception en utilisant, en tant que lumière locale, un signal au cours d'une période de temps faible du signal optique réfléchi par l'unité de réflexion partielle optique,
    dans lequel l'unité de détection comprend :
    un élément de réception de la lumière (8) pour exécuter une détection cohérente sur la lumière locale et sur la lumière réfléchie et convertir le résultat de la détection cohérente en un signal de courant ;
    un convertisseur courant - tension (9) pour convertir le signal de courant en provenance de l'élément de réception de la lumière, en un signal de tension ; et
    un processeur de signal (10) pour exécuter une analyse de fréquence sur le signal de tension en provenance du convertisseur courant - tension, dans lequel une réflectance dans l'unité de réflexion partielle optique est contrôlée par le processeur de signal (10).
  2. Dispositif radar à laser selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le convertisseur courant - tension est un amplificateur d'adaptation d'impédance (9, 9a, 9b) de type à rétroaction négative.
  3. Dispositif radar à laser selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif radar à laser est installable au niveau d'une position où la direction du vent est la direction d'un vent de face.
  4. Dispositif radar à laser selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la position où la direction du vent est la direction d'un vent de face est une position d'une éolienne.
  5. Dispositif radar à laser selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'unité de transmission optique utilise une diode laser à semi-conducteur (1) en tant que source de lumière pour émettre la lumière et est configurée afin d'appliquer une modulation par impulsions à un courant de commande de la diode laser à semi-conducteur.
  6. Dispositif radar à laser selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'unité de transmission optique comprend une source de lumière (1a) pour délivrer en sortie une onde continue et un modulateur par impulsions (1b), et un ou plusieurs amplificateurs à semi-conducteur, ou un ou plusieurs modulateurs acousto-optiques sont utilisés en tant que modulateurs par impulsions.
  7. Dispositif radar à laser selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gain de conversion du convertisseur courant - tension est variable, et le processeur de signal est configuré afin de contrôler le gain de conversion.
  8. Dispositif radar à laser selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un rapport d'extinction, qui est un rapport d'intensité de lumière entre la période de temps élevée et la période de temps faible de l'impulsion du signal optique délivré en sortie par l'unité de transmission optique, est contrôlé par le processeur de signal.
  9. Dispositif radar à laser selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'unité de transmission optique comprend de multiples sources de lumière (1a-1, 1a-2, 1a-3) et est configurée pour multiplexer les multiples signaux optiques en provenance des sources de lumière, et délivrer en sortie les signaux optiques multiplexés en tant que le signal optique.
  10. Éolienne comprenant :
    un dispositif radar à laser selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle le dispositif radar à laser est installé au niveau d'une position où la direction du vent est la direction d'un vent de face.
EP18911713.8A 2018-03-29 2018-03-29 Dispositif de radar laser Active EP3754364B1 (fr)

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CN116719057B (zh) * 2023-08-09 2023-11-10 青岛镭测创芯科技有限公司 一种激光雷达系统及系统的相干测风方法、装置以及介质

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CN111886513B (zh) 2024-06-04
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US11933903B2 (en) 2024-03-19
JP6797327B2 (ja) 2020-12-09
EP3754364A4 (fr) 2021-03-10
US20200408918A1 (en) 2020-12-31
WO2019186914A1 (fr) 2019-10-03
CN111886513A (zh) 2020-11-03

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