EP3754129B1 - Non-load-bearing wood-frame facade - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to the field of building construction, more particularly the construction of high-rise buildings using a majority of wood material.

Prior technique

It is known to produce load-bearing wooden frame facades. It is also known to produce non-load-bearing facades with a metal frame, in particular aluminum, described for example in the document US 2014/0026507 . The metal frame ensures that the façade modules are braced in their plane. It is also known to produce non-load-bearing facades comprising a metal frame into which boxes are inserted, as described for example in the document US 2011/0265404 . Such structures do not have a core consisting at least in part of a ligneous material and taken in a box between two coatings. In addition, these structures do not have the advantage of being able to be implemented on a load-bearing structure, which can be of three possible natures, namely wood or metal load-bearing or reinforced or mixed concrete.

Technical problem

Bearing structures are stackable structures designed to absorb stresses at the scale of the entire structure. As part of load-bearing structures, different frames or panels are in contact and a load transfer takes place between these frames or panels. Although there are wooden frame load-bearing structures, these structures are not a priori reasonably capable of supporting a high-rise structure such as an apartment building.

In the case of non-load-bearing facades, it is a matter of carrying a plurality of elements such as frames or panels to a load-bearing structure. These different frames or panels are designed to support their own load, their own deformation and the deformations of the structure. This results in significant technical complications in order to obtain a watertight non-load-bearing facade. The question of the joints between the various frames or panels (these words will be used interchangeably below) is tricky because these joints must both allow the mechanical properties of the various panels to be preserved, ensure the tightness of the whole the facade, and not overly complicate the installation of the assembly.

Existing non-load-bearing metal-frame facades can be machined as desired, which greatly facilitates the installation of satisfactory joints. However, these known solutions cannot be transposed when the panels are made of wood material. Indeed, it is not possible to carry out such precise machining of the material: no grooves of controlled dimensions that can accommodate a herringbone seal in a heterogeneous and ligneous material.

However, wood is a construction material that can allow the construction of buildings in a carbon-free and biosourced way, a problem for the future in a context of environmental crisis. There is therefore a need to produce non-load-bearing facades with a wooden frame.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is defined by the set of pending claims. According to claim 1, the invention is a non-load-bearing building facade comprising a plurality of watertight panels and at least one joint making watertight a set of at least two of said panels, said watertight panels comprising a core consisting of at least least 10% by mass of a ligneous material, provided with at least one bracing covering.

The waterproof panel comprises a core, for example in the form of a wooden frame composed of uprights, crosspieces, spacers, lintels, etc. The core is comprised between an exterior coating and an interior coating. At least one of the two skins is a bracing skin. Thus, the panel according to the present invention is presented in one piece, unlike a panel comprising for example a complex frame structure in which cassettes are inserted.

Typically, the core has a thickness of between 120 and 220 mm. The quantity of ligneous material is for example of the order of 3.6 L/m ² . In this case, considering a species having a density of 0.290 kg/L, the mass of ligneous material per m ² of panel is therefore 1.1 kg/m ² . The core can also include insulating materials such as rock wool or glass wool. The insulation thickness is advantageously at least 120 mm.

The ligneous material is preferably a wood chosen from resinous species.

Preferably, the waterproof panels comprise at least 10% by weight of a ligneous material, more preferably excluding materials such as rock wool.

Said at least one bracing covering can be located on one side or the other of the web. The panel comprises at least two coatings, located on either side of the core.

The invention is particularly interesting in the case of facades of tall buildings, for example beyond 18 meters in height which corresponds to the regulatory limit in the field of housing between so-called 2 ^nd and 3 ^rd family buildings. .

Said at least one seal may comprise an adhesive tape. Such a seal is easy to install and store.

The gasket is made of a polymer material, preferably of the EPDM type. Such seals can have a wide variety of configurations so as to to be able to adapt to any type of geometry, thus overcoming the disadvantages of adhesive tapes.

Said at least one seal then comprises a first substantially planar portion integral with a first panel and a second substantially tubular portion which can deform so as to flatten when it is compressed by an external element such as a second panel. Such a geometry allows good sealing because the substantially tubular portion can deform differently depending on the geometry of the outer element.

In order to further reinforce the seal, said at least one gasket further comprises a third portion, substantially tubular, which can deform so as to flatten when it is compressed by an external element such as a second panel, said third portion being arranged substantially parallel to the second portion. Thus, even if the second substantially tubular portion were capable of comprising portions that were not completely sealed, the third portion forms a second redundant barrier ensuring the perfect sealing of the process, while the first barrier retains an effect allowing the pressure of the pressure to be decompressed. water.

Of course, it is possible to provide the seal with more tubular portions depending on the sealing requirements and the quantity of asperities encountered. However, it seems that two tubular portions constitute a good compromise in terms of sealing and joint complexity. In addition, by being limited to two tubular portions, the invention advantageously makes it possible to create a space at the rear of the EPDM seal, making it possible to provide a fireproof seal if necessary.

Each panel is also covered at least partially with a waterproof geotextile film. Thus, any tubular portions of the joint can be compressed on this geotextile film of an adjacent panel, ensuring the continuity of the seal over the entire panel.

Preferably, the facade according to the invention has fire resistance properties in accordance with IT249, thermal insulation properties of at least 3.75 m ² K/W, impact resistance properties greater than 900 J, and R7 watertightness properties (i.e. the maximum value according to the AEV standard), A4 airtightness (i.e. again the maximum value) and ELU wind resistance greater than 3600Pa (which covers most of the winds likely to strike a façade that are not tropical storms), intrinsically and in the absence of half-style lining. These values correspond to a very wide field of standardized use in force in the field of construction. This characteristic is particularly advantageous. Indeed, in the state of the art, these fire, personal safety and thermal properties of the facade are most often ensured by a half-style lining. However, this doubling can be damaged during the life of the building because it is directly accessible by the occupants of the building. Conversely, the facade is not accessible. If all these properties are intrinsic to it, their durability is therefore assured.

Such characteristics are obtained on the one hand thanks to the specific structure of the panel of the present invention, and on the other hand thanks to the choice of the materials making up the coverings of the panel.

By way of example, the panel may comprise two Fermacel coatings or one coating of BA18 with Duripanel. The thickness and the constitution of the coatings of the panel are not necessarily identical.

The panel can also include specific accessories such as a rain barrier, a vapor barrier, etc.

The combination of the specific accessory, the joint and the very structure of the panel ensures that a user achieves predetermined characteristics of fire resistance, impact resistance, watertightness, airtightness and wind.

These properties intrinsic to the facade can be conferred on it by said at least one bracing coating, or each sealed panel can be provided with two secondary coatings, the combination of the secondary coatings or the bracing coating conferring on each sealed panel said resistance properties fire, thermal insulation, sealing and impact resistance.

The facade according to the invention may also comprise at least one multiple joint in contact with a number strictly greater than two panels, said multiple joint being produced by injection of a waterproof material which solidifies after injection, preferably said material being a multi-component polymerizable mixture, for example bi-component. Indeed, at the intersection of a number of panels greater than two, sealing may be more complex to ensure and the situations more numerous and unique. Such a solution makes it possible to adapt to any shape.

The invention also relates to a method for laying a facade according to the invention in which the panels can be laid in any order. In particular, a panel can be placed sideways, that is to say in a situation where several neighboring panels or protruding structural elements are already in place and where it would be a question of positioning the panel between these panels or elements. This can for example be made possible by seals comprising tubular portions as indicated above. A panel according to the present invention finds particular application in the context, for example, of the energy renovation (insulation of a facade) of a building.

Brief description of the drawings

Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description below, and on analyzing the appended drawings, in which:

[ Fig. 1 ] shows an exploded sectional view of two panels of a facade according to one embodiment of the invention;

[ Fig. 2 ] details a joint for the invention different from that represented in the figure 1 .

Description of embodiments

The description below contains, for the most part, certain elements. They may therefore not only be used to better understand the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary.

The “Timber Frame Wall” subassembly design approach is traditional within the meaning of DTU 31.2. However, such a design of the arrangement between macro facade elements has never been proposed to form a non-bearing envelope, which will be implemented on a bearing structure, which can be of three possible natures, namely bearing Wood or Metal or reinforced or mixed concrete.

This fundamental notion of "structural independence" of each macro-element requires in particular that the wooden frame walls do not brace the structure, that they do not drop from the load, that they fulfill their role as watertight facade elements to water and air, and that these are attached to the primary load-bearing structure.

So that the timber frame walls (MOB) do not brace the work, no chaining or connecting element is provided between them, in order to guarantee that they are all structurally independent of each other.

So that they do not drop loads, each isolated element is linked to the load-bearing structure while ensuring that their movements in service do not lead to "loading" of the MOB, which must remain unaffected. carrier and only support its own weight and that of its facing and be able to transmit the wind forces applied to it on the main supporting structure.

In order for the MOBs to perform their role as watertight and airtight façade elements, the joints between the MOBs are designed in such a way as to ensure their watertight and airtight function, despite possible relative displacements between them, during displacements in service of the primary load-bearing structure.

Thus, as illustrated in figure 1 , the seals can comprise a planar portion for attaching to the MOB 21, and a deformable substantially tubular portion 22. The deformable portion 22 is designed to flatten between the two MOBs that are to be isolated, thus marrying the any asperities and providing the desired seal.

At each interface, each MOB can be fitted with a seal, as shown in figure 1 : when the two MOBs are brought into contact, the two deformable portions 22 are deformed, which allows a double sealing barrier.

Alternatively, it is possible to provide a single seal per interface, arranged on one or the other of the MOBs, and having two deformable portions 22, as illustrated in picture 2 . This alternative also makes it possible to obtain a double sealing barrier while simplifying the installation of the MOBs: indeed, such a single joint does not impose any order in the installation of the MOBs, and therefore makes it possible to install the panels in blocked dimension. This simplifies the installation of the facade and can even allow a single panel to be replaced if necessary.

In order to attach the MOBs to the primary structure which, as explained above, can be of various kinds (PM: Wood or Metal or BA carrier), we have an innovative fastening system allowing easy implementation in safety. , compatible with the different types of support, with the specificities of anchoring inherent in their nature - for example: anchoring by screwing on a wooden support, by bolt or even by welding on a metal support and by doweling or prescementation on a reinforced concrete support - and with the transmission of the self-weight loads of the MOB and the actions of the wind or an earthquake to the support.

The constituent elements of the wall MOBs

As shown in figure 1 , the MOBs preferably include: a rain shield 15 and specific accessories, an exterior closing panel 12, a wooden frame 10 composed of uprights, crosspieces, spacers, lintels, etc., an insulating filling 14, a panel interior closure 11 and a vapor barrier 13 and specific accessories.

These elements allow each element to meet the constraints that its intended field of use imposes on it, particularly in terms of fire safety.

Exterior facings

MOBs can be equipped with exterior facings of any type. Examples of satisfactory facings are facings subject to technical advice, having proven their worth on concrete support in the field of use envisaged but not necessarily on the wooden frame at significant heights.

Indeed, it has been demonstrated in a computational way that within this domain defined with traditionally a “concrete” support, it is perfectly possible to substitute it with a MOB support.

Acoustic dubbing.

The exterior facing + MOB complex is advantageously supplemented by interior partitions of acoustic lining of different types possible in order to ensure compliance with acoustic regulations.

Similarly, different thicknesses of lining framework can be implemented depending on the additional thermal insulation required.

Design of the “ singularities ” of facades (openings, crossings, etc.)

There are two distinct cases of facade singularities: facade singularities located within a MOB element, and facade singularities located at the junction of two MOB elements.

Facade singularities located within a MOB element

With regard to wall crossings (electrical, plumbing and HVAC ducts for example) they can be managed in accordance with the rules of the art and the recommendation guides of the rain and vapor barrier manufacturers. For large elements, headers with framework reinforcement in the MOBs can be made.

With regard to the integration of the joinery assemblies, the installation of the joinery is preferably done on the interior wall on a mechanically welded pre-frame, this allowing both perfect control of the sealing plane between the joinery and the pre-frame. framework and simple implementation, maintenance and replacement of the carpentry from the inside.

The use of one-piece steel pre-frames placed on the outside is particularly interesting and innovative.

Indeed, the fact of having a welded one-piece steel assembly ensures a perfect seal of the latter and the peripheral fin ensures a seal with the rainscreen in a perfect plane.

In addition, the outer wall mounting of the pre-frame allows perfect management of the seal at the junction with the rain shield 15. This junction is therefore advantageously placed outside the MOB thus avoiding any risk of leakage. within the MOB in the event of poor workmanship during the performance of this operation.

Facade singularities located at the junction of two MOB elements

Some facade singularities are located at the junction planes between the MOBs, simply because on the one hand the mode of layout of the panels making up the facade is based on the frame of the primary structure and on the other hand because of the presence of secondary structural elements pass through the envelope. The latter can be of different types such as brackets, crosspieces, hangers or braces, supports for balconies, passageways or any other molding elements potentially present on the facade.

In order to manage these singularities, provision is advantageously made for the implementation of a “reservation box”. These elements, forming watertight metal boxes, directly attached to the primary structure, are integrated into the layout of the facade just like the MOBs. And the interface between them is managed similarly as between two MOB elements.

Claims (5)

1. Non-load-bearing building façade comprising a plurality of sealed panels, and at least one seal (22, 21) sealing a set of at least two of said panels,

   wherein said sealed panels comprise:

   - a core in the form of a frame structure (10) consisting of at least 10 wt% of wood, the core being comprised between an outer cladding and an inner cladding, and at least one of the two claddings is a bracing cladding,

   wherein
   the seal comprises a first substantially planar portion (21) integral with a first panel, a second substantially tubular portion (22) capable of deforming so as to flatten when compressed by an external element such as a second panel, and a third substantially tubular portion (22) disposed substantially parallel to the second portion and capable of deforming so as to flatten when compressed by an external element such as a second panel, and said seal consists of a polymer material, preferably of the EPDM type, the façade being characterised in that each panel is at least partially coated with a watertight geotextile film.
2. Façade according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary cladding or a bracing cladding, such that the façade has fire resistance properties at least in accordance with IT249 - French Official Gazette (JORF) No. 0154 of 6 July 2010, thermal insulation properties of at least 3.75 m²K/W, impact resistance properties greater than 900 J, and maximum watertightness properties R7, airtightness properties A4 and resistance to wind load properties ELU greater than 3,600 Pa, intrinsically and in the absence of a rail-mounted lining.
3. Façade according to claim 2, wherein each sealed panel is provided with two bracing claddings or secondary panels, the combination of the claddings or secondary panels providing each sealed panel with said fire resistance, thermal insulation, tightness and impact resistance properties.
4. Façade according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising at least one multiple seal in contact with a number strictly greater than two panels, said multiple seal being produced by injecting a sealing material solidifying after injection, preferably said material being a multi-component, for example two-component, polymerisable mixture.
5. Method for installing a façade according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the panels can be installed in any order.

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