EP2423404A2 - Tubular profiled section and façade panel with pultruded frame supporting such a profiled section - Google Patents

Abstract

The section has an inner wall arranged interior to a sandwich panel (N) and an outer wall arranged outside of the panel. Each wall comprises an inner face and an outer face. A front wall (N1f) and a rear wall (N1d) comprise inner faces (N1f1, N1d1) and outer faces (N1f2, N1d2). The outer face of the inner wall and the outer face of the outer wall are provided with longitudinal slots. The outer face of the front wall and the outer face of the rear wall are smooth. The inner and outer walls are identical to each other. The front and rear walls are identical to each other. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a facade panel comprising a liner with an insulating layer and an external finishing element is a composite wall made of a cement matrix material (2) a method for fabricating a tubular pultruded profiled section.

Description

The present invention relates to a profile and its use to produce a sandwich panel system for building facades, with collaborating walls, provided with a self-supporting pultruded frame comprising such a profile.

The term "sandwich" means that a panel consists of different layers attached to each other. Indeed, the facade panels are generally formed (from the inside to the outside of the building) of an inner lining, a sheet, at least one layer of insulation, and an outer coating.

The term "collaborator" means that the various elements of the panel contribute to the mechanical strength of the structure, in particular the wind resistance. This resistance is reflected, inter alia, by the fact that the thermal expansion of the material constituting the outer coating is close to the thermal expansion of the Pultruded structure and / or the metal sheet, which makes it possible to limit the so-called "double" effects. "blade", separation between the outer coating and the Pultruded structure responsible for warping the walls, without the need for additional reinforcements.

The term "pultruded" a profile obtained by a pultrusion process. Pultrusion consists in continuously making profiles, usually rectilinear, with constant section. For this, the materials used are generally polymer matrix composites reinforced with fibers (glass, or carbon in the most common cases). The profile thus obtained has the advantage of having, beyond its good mechanical properties, a fire resistance, as well as good electrical and thermal insulation. It is also very resistant to bad weather and chemical agents for the durability of the structure. These features make the use of such a profile particularly suitable for producing frames for making sandwich panels for facades.

The currently used panels generally have a large footprint to meet the standards in force (especially that concerning thermal insulation). This size has a direct impact on the marketable surface of the building.

The objective is to meet the criteria defined in the new standards, especially from a thermal point of view, while reducing the size of the structure.

Cementitious matrix materials, such as glass-cement composites (CCV) or high-performance fiber-reinforced concretes (UHPCs), are commonly used to make exterior cladding of facade panels. These materials provide the advantage of having good durability, withstanding shocks, being waterproof and having good structural capacity (stiffener).

Thus, the invention has many advantages. The stiffness and the comparable coefficients of thermal expansion of the CCV and the steel make it possible to arrange the inertia of the panel around the frame made according to a pultruded profile. The use of cementitious matrix material also makes it possible to make the wall collaborating and to remedy the above disadvantages.

According to the present invention, this "collaboration" is possible thanks to the presence of the frame on which are fixed the various components of the panel.

However, there is a disadvantage during the break panel CCV wall: it is necessary to reduce the loads at the bottom of the panel because the CCV, like cement matrix materials, is more powerful mechanically when it is requested in compression.

The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a panel provided with a pultruded frame capable of being suspended from the structure of a building, frame at the bottom of which can be fixed the wall CCV (or any other material whose characteristics make the wall collaborative). Thus, it is possible to adjust the position of the panel from above, which facilitates installation.

• o une paroi intérieure au panneau et une paroi extérieure au panneau possédant chacune une face interne et une face externe,
• o une paroi frontale et une paroi dorsale possédant chacune une face interne et une face externe,

Ladite face externe de ladite paroi intérieure et ladite face externe de ladite paroi extérieure sont pourvues de créneaux longitudinaux.For this purpose is proposed, according to a first aspect of the invention, a tubular section for the realization of a panel of facade panels comprising:

• o an inner wall to the panel and an outer wall to the panel each having an inner face and an outer face,
• a front wall and a back wall each having an inner face and an outer face,

Said outer face of said inner wall and said outer face of said outer wall are provided with longitudinal slots.

It is very advantageous that only the outer face of the inner wall and the outer face of the outer wall are provided with longitudinal slots and that the outer face of the front and rear walls are smooth. Indeed, when the profile serves to form a framework for the constitution of a building panel, it allows to apply internal and / or external coatings flush with the profile without leaving days that could promote infiltration, for example, water infiltration. "Smooth" means that a wall is devoid of slot, it may however include, for example, housing for receiving fasteners or seals.

• sur ladite paroi intérieure, la retenue de connecteurs aux constituants dudit panneau,
• et/ou sur ladite paroi extérieure, la retenue d'éléments de jonction latérale avec un autre profilé.

Thus, these slots on the outer face of the inner and outer walls ensure both:

• on said inner wall, the retention of connectors to the constituents of said panel,
• and / or on said outer wall, retaining lateral joining elements with another profile.

The mounting system is similar to the manicured facades (possibility of connection, connection and integration to a global carpentry project).

The term "tubular" means that the profile, regardless of the shape of its section, is hollow. Thus, when using the profile, it allows to pass, for example, insulation or metal fasteners.

The term "wall" means each of the solid parts, whatever their shape, which together form the profile.

"Inner" means the wall in contact with the panel to which the frame is attached.

By "outside" is meant the wall to which another frame will be fixed.

The term "front" and "dorsal" the walls of the profile located respectively inward and outward of the building when the facade panel is set up.

By "internal" is meant the face of the wall inside the profile.

By "external" is meant the face of the wall outside the profile.

The term "longitudinal" means that the element considered extends throughout the structure.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the outer face of at least one of said front and rear walls of said profile is provided with a longitudinal groove. Said groove can receive a flexible seal, and can also be used to form a cutting edge of the profile.

The term "groove" any groove profile dug in the wall. Advantageously, the groove is of smaller dimensions, so that it is not confused with the empty spaces (also called "grooves") of the crenellations. Preferably, its dimensions are such that when it receives a flexible seal for example, the seal fills the entire section of the groove so as to limit infiltration, for example water.

According to another advantageous embodiment, the inner face of at least one of said front and rear walls of said profile is provided with a longitudinal rib.

The term "rib" any material element in relief on the surface of a wall. A rib preferably forms an extra thickness of material.

Advantageously, the rib is adapted to serve as a necking of a joinery element in the case where the profile is cut in half so that each half-profile comprises a half-rib. The rib must therefore have dimensions such that it can retain an element when it serves as a constriction. These dimensions are then dimensioned by the engineer of the office of study according to the material of the profile and the structure of the element to be retained.

• les caractéristiques mécaniques du profil au droit de la rainure.
• une surface de fixation pour la tôle métallique.

Preferably, said rib has a trapezoidal cross section. This shape makes it possible to create a reinforcement by an extra thickness of material making it possible to guarantee, for example:

• the mechanical characteristics of the profile at the groove.
• a fixing surface for the metal sheet.

The fact that the front and back walls do not include slots on their outer face and thus serves as a key during use of the profile, especially in the case where the profile would have a square section.

According to an advantageous embodiment, said groove and said rib have a single plane of symmetry. Thus, when producing a half-section by cutting a profile according to the groove, each half-section identically comprises a half-groove and a half-rib. The groove then preferably being the only element in relief of the external face of the frontal or dorsal wall on which it is located, thus marks a mark during the cutting of the profile, ensuring that the half-profile then comprises a half-groove to serve as a shrink.

According to another advantageous embodiment, the inner and outer walls are identical, and the front and rear walls are identical. The term "identical" means that the walls have a chirality or a symmetry between them.

Preferably, said slots have a dovetail section.

According to a preferred embodiment, said slots are formed in the thickness of said outer and inner walls so that solid portions are located on the lateral edges of said walls. This again makes it possible to ensure that the external faces of the front and back walls are the most regular, even planar, possible to ensure a better seal when internal and / or external coatings are applied to the profile when it serves the realization of a frame for the manufacture of a panel for example.

• Un cadre autoportant périphérique, formé à partir d'un profilé tubulaire tel que décrit précédemment,
• Un garnissage comprenant au moins une couche de matériau isolant, ladite couche étant fixée sur lesdits créneaux dudit cadre au moyen d'au moins un premier type de connecteur,
• Au moins un élément de finition intérieur ou extérieur fixé sur lesdits créneaux dudit cadre au moyen d'au moins un deuxième type de connecteur.

The present invention also comprises a sandwich structure facade panel, such as it comprises:

• A peripheral self-supporting frame, formed from a tubular section as described above,
• A lining comprising at least one layer of insulating material, said layer being fixed on said slots of said frame by means of at least a first type of connector,
• At least one interior or exterior finishing element fixed on said slots of said frame by means of at least a second type of connector.

Such a profile then has the advantage of being able to be cut and adjusted on demand to make a façade panel frame regardless of its dimensions.

A frame according to the present invention provides the advantage of being an excellent thermal breaker.

According to a first advantageous embodiment, the lining comprises a front face and a back face which are respectively flush with the outer face of said front wall and the outer face of said back wall of said profile.

The external faces of the frame and the lining can thus be covered with the inner and outer coatings without presenting irregularities on the surface.

According to another advantageous embodiment, the external finishing element is a collaborating wall made of a cementitious matrix material, preferably a glass cement composite (CCV).

According to yet another advantageous embodiment, the frame is shaped to receive a central core. The central core strengthens the structure's safety against fire, particularly fighting against the chimney effect.

The present invention also comprises a method of manufacturing a tubular section as described above.

According to a preferred embodiment, the profile is pultruded.

In order to fix joinery elements, a profile is cut along the groove to form two half-profiles each comprising a half-rib delimiting a necking. Said restrreint then makes it possible to ensure the fixing of carpentry elements.

Finally, the present invention comprises a use of a sandwich structure facade panel as described above. Thus, to make a façade of a building, the panels are suspended from the front by the frame and the position of said panel is adjusted from above. The connection between the panel and the frame allows differential expansion movements between the outer facing and the frame.

Indeed, the frames are provided at any height, an arm with a hook shape for hanging the panel to the building structure.

• la figure 1, est une vue de la section d'un panneau (N,M) de façade en sandwich.
• La figure 2 est une vue plus détaillée de la jonction d'un panneau N à un autre panneau M, un cadre (N1,M1) comprenant un élément de remplissage 1 plein.
• La figure 3 illustre la jonction d'un panneau N avec un autre panneau M d'un côté, et avec un élément de menuiserie 4 de l'autre côté.
• La figure 4 présente une vue plus détaillée de la jonction d'un panneau N à un autre panneau M, un cadre (N1,M1) comprenant un élément de remplissage 2 creux.
• La figure 5 présente une vue détaillée de la jonction d'un demi-profilé N6 avec un élément de menuiserie 4.
• La figure 6 présente schématiquement un bras permettant de suspendre un panneau à une façade de bâtiment.
• La figure 7 présente en détail la jonction d'un panneau N à un autre panneau M grâce à des cadres (N1, M1) selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.

The invention, according to a preferred embodiment, will be better understood and its advantages will appear better on reading the detailed description which follows, by way of indication and in no way limiting, and with reference to the appended drawings presented below:

• the figure 1 , is a view of the section of a panel (N, M) of sandwich facade.
• The figure 2 is a more detailed view of the joining of a panel N to another panel M, a frame (N1, M1) comprising a filling element 1 full.
• The figure 3 illustrates the joining of a panel N with another panel M on one side, and with a carpentry element 4 on the other side.
• The figure 4 shows a more detailed view of the junction of a panel N to another panel M, a frame (N1, M1) comprising a hollow filling element 2.
• The figure 5 shows a detailed view of the junction of a N6 half-section with a joinery element 4.
• The figure 6 schematically shows an arm for hanging a panel to a building facade.
• The figure 7 shows in detail the joining of an N panel to another panel M through frames (N1, M1) according to another embodiment of the invention.

The identical elements represented on the Figures 1 to 7 are identified by identical numerical references.

Elements constituting another panel M are designated by the same references as those of a panel N by replacing "N" with "M". Thus, not all references are shown in duplicate (i.e. on an N panel and on an M panel) for clarity.

• d'un cadre autoportant de type N1 (resp. M1), formé à partir d'un profilé de préférence en composite, comprenant :
  • ■une paroi intérieure N1i i (resp. M1i) au panneau possédant une face interne N1i1 (resp. M1i1) et une face externe N1i2 (resp. M1i2),
  • ■une paroi extérieure N1e (resp. M1e) au panneau possédant une face interne N1 e1 (resp. M1e1) et une face externe N1e2 (resp. M1e2),
  • ■une paroi frontale N1f (resp. M1f) possédant une face interne N1f1 (resp. M1f1) et une face externe N1f2 (resp. M1f2),
  • ■et une paroi dorsale N1d (resp. M1d) possédant une face interne N1 d1 (resp. M1d1) et une face externe N1d2 (resp. M1d2),
  • ■des créneaux (N11, N12) (resp. M11, M12) localisés sur au moins une partie de la face externe N1i2 (resp. M1i2) de la paroi intérieure N1i (resp. M1i) et sur au moins une partie de la face externe N1e2 (resp. M1e2) de la paroi extérieure N1e (resp. M1e),
  • ■une nervure N13 (resp. M13) localisée sur la face interne N1f1 (resp. M1f1) de la paroi frontale N1f (resp. M1f) et sur la face interne N1d1 (resp. M1d1) de la paroi dorsale N 1 d (resp. M1d),
  • ■une rainure N14 (resp. M14) localisée sur la face externe N1f2 (resp. M1f2) de la paroi frontale N1f (resp. M1f) et sur la face externe N1d2 (resp. M1d2) de la paroi dorsale N1d (resp. M1d) ; cette rainure N14 (resp. M14) peut accueillir un joint d'étanchéité 56, du type joint à lèvres souple ;
• d'un garnissage N2 (resp. M2) comprenant au moins une couche de matériau isolant (N21, N22) (resp. M21, M22), fixée sur des créneaux (N11, N12) (resp. M11, M12) du cadre N1 (resp. M1), par exemple au moyen d'au moins un premier type de connecteur 52,
• d'un élément de finition intérieur N3 (resp. M3) et d'un élément de finition extérieur N4 (resp. M4) fixés aux créneaux (N11, N12) (resp. M11, M12) du cadre N1 (resp. M1) au moyen d'au moins un deuxième type de connecteur (53, 57, 58). Un connecteur (53, 57, 58) pouvant être identique à un connecteur 52. La fixation des connecteurs (52, 53, 57, 58) dans les créneaux (N11, N12) (resp. M11, M12) peut être renforcée par la présence d'éléments de fixation 54 supplémentaires empêchant un glissement éventuel ;
• d'une tôle d'acier N5 (resp. M5) située entre la face frontale N2f (resp. M2f) du garnissage N2 (resp. M2) et l'élément de finition intérieur N3 (resp. M3) ou une autre couche d'isolant (par exemple N31 (resp. M31) figure 7), la tôle N5 (resp. M5) peut être fixée à un cadre N1 (resp. M1) par des éléments de fixation 55, par exemple des clous ;
• enfin, des joints de finition 35 situés au niveau de l'élément de finition intérieur N3 (resp. M3), à la jonction avec un élément de finition intérieur M3 (resp. N3) ;

According to an exemplary representation, a panel N (respectively M) consists of:

• a self-supporting frame of type N1 (or M1), formed from a preferably composite profile, comprising:
  • An inner wall N1i i (or M1i) to the panel having an inner face N1i1 (respectively M1i1) and an outer face N1i2 (respectively M1i2),
  • An outer wall N1e (or M1e) to the panel having an internal face N1 e1 (respectively M1e1) and an external face N1e2 (respectively M1e2),
  • A front wall N1f (or M1f) having an internal face N1f1 (or M1f1) and an external face N1f2 (respectively M1f2),
  • And a back wall N1d (respectively M1d) having an internal face N1 d1 (respectively M1d1) and an external face N1d2 (respectively M1d2),
  • Crenellations (N11, N12) (respectively M11, M12) located on at least a part of the external face N1i2 (or M1i2) of the inner wall N1i (respectively M1i) and on at least a part of the face external N1e2 (or M1e2) of the outer wall N1e (respectively M1e),
  • A rib N13 (or M13) located on the internal face N1f1 (or M1f1) of the front wall N1f (respectively M1f) and on the internal face N1d1 (respectively M1d1) of the back wall N 1 d (resp. M1d),
  • A groove N14 (respectively M14) located on the external face N1f2 (or M1f2) of the front wall N1f (respectively M1f) and on the external face N1d2 (or M1d2) of the rear wall N1d (respectively M1d). ); this groove N14 (or M14) can accommodate a seal 56, the type of flexible lip seal;
• a lining N2 (or M2) comprising at least one layer of insulating material (N21, N22) (respectively M21, M22) fixed on slots (N11, N12) (respectively M11, M12) of the frame N1 (resp., M1), for example by means of at least a first type of connector 52,
• an inner finishing element N3 (resp. M3) and an outer finishing element N4 (respectively M4) fixed to the slots (N11, N12) (respectively M11, M12) of the frame N1 (respectively M1) by means of at least a second type of connector (53, 57, 58). A connector (53, 57, 58) which can be identical to a connector 52. The fixing of the connectors (52, 53, 57, 58) in the slots (N11, N12) (respectively M11, M12) can be reinforced by the presence of additional fastening elements 54 preventing any slippage;
• a N5 steel sheet (respectively M5) located between the front face N2f (or M2f) of the packing N2 (respectively M2) and the inner finishing element N3 (or M3) or another layer of insulation (for example N31 (resp. figure 7 ), the sheet N5 (or M5) can be fixed to a frame N1 (respectively M1) by fixing elements 55, for example nails;
• finally, finishing joints 35 located at the inner finishing element N3 (or M3), at the junction with an interior finishing element M3 (or N3);

According to a preferred example of representation, the slots (N11, N12) have a dovetail section, whatever the shape of the dovetails. Indeed, the slots (N11, N12) may have round or more pointed shapes but still retain their character dovetail. These slots (N11, N12) consist of grooves (N11) and heads (N12) of complementary shapes. The profile and the geometry of the slots (N11, N12) can be identical or variable along the same wall.

Thus, the dovetail shape of the slots (N11, N12) has many advantages. Indeed, the grooves (N11) said slots thus form hanging systems where the connectors (52, 53, 57, 58) can be fixed.

Preferably, the connectors (52, 53, 57, 58) have a certain flexibility in order to be able to slide, in a guided manner, into the grooves of the crenellations (N11) in order to make up for the differences in thermal expansion of the various elements without generating any stresses at within the structure. These connectors (52, 53, 57, 58) may, for example, be staples, consisting of elastically deformable blades.

The layers of insulating material (N21, N22) (respectively M21, M22) may, for example, be mineral wool or vacuum insulator.

According to a preferred embodiment, the outer finishing element N4 (or M4) is a composite glass-fiber composite (CCV) panel.

According to the present embodiment, the panel M is identical to the panel N, but variations are possible. For example, the number, the thickness or the type of insulation layers (M21, M22) may differ.

Type N1 frames (respectively M1) are able to receive inner cores of type 1 or type 2 cores. Type 1 cores are solid elements, whereas type 2 cores are hollow elements. These cores 1 allow in particular to fight against "chimney effects". The inside of the profile can also be left empty.

In addition, the space for receiving a central core (whether empty or comprising a central core) can also be delimited so as to form voids 7 (cf. figure 7 ) isolating the rib N13 (or M13) which can serve as shrinkage. This makes it possible to compartmentalize the interior of the profile, in order to increase the insulating characteristics of the profile, in particular by placing an insulator therein.

The embodiment of the figure 7 , for example, increases the size of the thermal and acoustic switches (element 32) and thus greatly increases the insulating properties of the panel.

The frames on either side of a panel N (respectively M) may be identical or different. That is to say, a panel N (respectively M) can be provided on either side by two frames of type N1 (respectively M1), or two frames of type N6 (respectively M6), or a N1 type frame (respectively M1) on one side and a N6 type frame (respectively M6) on the other.

A panel N with a frame N1 may, according to another embodiment, be linked to an N6-type frame serving as an intermediate for holding a joinery element 4. In this case, a N6-type frame is attached to N-type frame with joining elements 3. An N-panel can also be directly fitted with an N6-type frame used to hold a joinery element 4. A N6-type frame could also be placed in a panel to allow, for example, to fix a frame that would constitute a window.

• une paroi latérale N6c, similaire aux parois N1i ou N1e d'un cadre selon un profilé N1 ;
• une paroi dorsale N6d et une paroi frontale N6f, munies chacune d'une demie-nervure N63 et d'une demie-rainure N64.

An N6 type frame then comprises:

• a side wall N6c, similar to the walls N1i or N1e of a frame according to a profile N1;
• a back wall N6d and a front wall N6f, each provided with a half-rib N63 and a half-groove N64.

The N63 half-ribs located on the N6d and N6f front walls of a N6 frame serve to shrink to maintain a carpentry element 4 by an end 41 of adequate shape.

Finally, a panel N can be joined to a panel M by means of connecting elements 3 fixed to the frame N1 of the panel N and to the frame M1 of the panel M.

• Les éléments 31 sont des barrières d'étanchéité,
• Les éléments 32 sont des rupteurs thermiques et phoniques,
• Les éléments 33 et 34 sont des clames de liaisons feu/mécanique,

The joining elements 3 can be of different natures according to their function:

• The elements 31 are sealing barriers,
• The elements 32 are thermal and acoustic switches,
• The elements 33 and 34 are fire / mechanical links,

The fire / mechanical connection elements 33 and 34 may be fixed to one another by fastening elements 51, for example by a nail.

The fastening elements (51, 54, 55) may, in some cases, be identical. These elements (51, 54, 55) can equally well be nails, screws, or others.

Finally, figure 6 schematically represents a portion of the frame N1, intended to be arranged vertically on one side of a panel N. The frame N1 then comprises an arm 6 for hanging an N panel in front of a building. The suspension of the panel N can be done via the end 61 of the hook-shaped arm 6, said hook coming, for example, to rest on a rail previously fixed to the structure of the building, or at the edge of a landing, or still on any complementary shape provided for this purpose present in the structure of the building. Once the panel N suspended, the position of said panel N can be adjusted horizontally (for example by sliding on the rail) and vertically through the adjustment element 62, which can be a screw.

Claims (15)

Tubular section for producing a frame (N1) of facade panels (N) comprising: A wall (N1i) inside the panel and a wall (N1e) external to the panel each having an internal face (N1i1, N1e1) and an external face (N1 i2, N1 e2), A front wall (N1f) and a back wall (N1d) each having an inner face (N1f1, N1d1) and an outer face (N1f2, N1d2),
characterized in that said outer face (N1i2) of said inner wall (N1i) and said outer face (N1e2) of said outer wall (N1e) are provided with longitudinal slots (N11, N12), and that the outer face (N1e2) N1f2) of the front wall (N1f) and the outer face (N1d2) of the back wall (N1d) are smooth. Profile according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer face (N1f2, N1d2) of at least one of said front (N1f) and dorsal (N1d) walls is provided with a longitudinal groove (N14). Profile according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner face (N1f1, N1d1) of at least one of said front (N1f) and dorsal (N1d) walls is provided with a longitudinal rib (N13). Profile according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that said groove (N14) and said rib (N13) have a single plane of symmetry. Profile according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that said rib (N13) has a trapezoidal cross section. Profile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner walls (N1i) and outer (N1e) are identical, and in that the front walls (N1f) and dorsal (N1d) are identical. Profile according to any one of claims 1 and 6, characterized in that said slots (N11, N12) have a dovetail section. Profile according to any one of claims 1, 6 and 7, characterized in that said crenellations (N11, N12) are formed in the thickness of said outer (N1e) and inner (N1i) walls so that solid portions (N12 ) are located on the lateral edges of said walls (N1e, N1i). Panel (N) of sandwich structure facade, characterized in that it comprises: o A peripheral free-standing frame (N1) formed from a tubular section according to any one of the preceding claims, a lining (N2) comprising at least one layer (N21, N22) of insulating material, said layer (N21, N22) being fixed on the crenellations (N11, N12) of said frame (N1) by means of at least one first connector type (52), at least one finishing element, inside (N3) or outside (N4), fixed on said slots (N11, N12) of said frame (N1) by means of at least a second type of connector (53, 57, 58) . Panel (N) according to claim 9, characterized in that the lining (N2) comprises a front face (N2f) and a back face (N2d) which are respectively flush with the outer face (N1f2) of said front wall (N1f) and the outer face (N1d2) of said back wall (N1d) of said profile. Panel (N) according to any one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the outer finishing element (N4) is a collaborating wall of a cement matrix material. Panel (N) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the frame (N1) is shaped to receive a central core (1, 2). A method of manufacturing a tubular section according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the profile is pultruded. Manufacturing method according to claim 13 of a tubular section according to any one of claims 2 or 4, characterized in that the profile is cut along the groove to form two half-profiles each comprising a half-rib delimiting a narrowed . Use of panels (N) with a sandwich structure according to one of claims 9 to 12 for the construction of buildings, characterized in that the panels (N) are suspended at the front by the frame (N1) and that the position of said panel (N) is adjusted from above.

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