EP3726642A1 - Polarisationsschirm mit breitband-hochfrequenz-polarisationszelle(n) - Google Patents

Polarisationsschirm mit breitband-hochfrequenz-polarisationszelle(n) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3726642A1
EP3726642A1 EP20166973.6A EP20166973A EP3726642A1 EP 3726642 A1 EP3726642 A1 EP 3726642A1 EP 20166973 A EP20166973 A EP 20166973A EP 3726642 A1 EP3726642 A1 EP 3726642A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vertical
polarizing
polarization
horizontal
side walls
Prior art date
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EP20166973.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3726642B1 (de
Inventor
Hervé Legay
Carlos MOLERO JIMENEZ
Maria GARCIA VIGUERAS
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Thales SA
Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Rennes
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Thales SA
Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Rennes
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
    • H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H01Q15/244—Polarisation converters converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiofrequency polarizer screen with high radioelectric performance, produced from an arrangement of one or more polarizing cell (s), made of an electrically conductive material and frequency selective. and in polarization, which makes it possible to transform an incident RF radiofrequency signal, received in linear polarization, into an output RF radiofrequency signal in circular polarization.
  • polarizing cell s
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a polarizer screen according to the invention.
  • Each polarizing cell of the polarizing screen according to the invention is produced by a waveguide section, configured to receive as input the incident electric field E of the injected RF signal, which can be broken down into two electric field signals E V , E H the polarizations of which are linear and mutually orthogonal along a first direction, denoted V and called by convention “vertical”, and a second direction, orthogonal to the first direction, denoted H and called by convention “horizontal”.
  • each polarizing cell consists in applying a phase shift of + 90 ° or -90 ° between the two components E V and E H of the input linear polarization signal E.
  • the polarizer screen according to the invention is assumed to operate on a single RF frequency band, preferably over a wide bandwidth.
  • the structure of the polarizer screen according to the invention can be entirely metallic, this structure is particularly suitable for new additive manufacturing processes.
  • the polarizer screen according to the invention is applicable to any thin multi-beam antenna and more particularly to the field of space telecommunications, in particular to antennas intended to be mounted on board aircraft. Satellites, or antennas intended for use on the ground on fixed or mobile terminals.
  • a polarizing screen according to the invention can be used for antennas which do not allow circular polarization signals to be synthesized simply, such as for example the antenna described in the patent.
  • FR 3038457 B1 forming a first document, said antenna radiating from a continuous and elongated opening, using a waveguide beam former with parallel plates, make it possible to form several beams over a wide angular sector.
  • a first type of known polarizing screen with waveguide sections is a metallic polarizing screen of the OMT (Orthogonal Mode Transducer) type polarization duplexer, consisting of an array of iris or waveguide waveguides.
  • OMT Orthogonal Mode Transducer
  • septum and described for example in the article by M. Chen and G. Tsandoulas, titled "A wide-band square-wave guide array polarizer", published in IEEE TAP, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 389-391, May 1973 , and forming a first document.
  • the OMT septum polarization duplexer described in this first document is a device frequently used in antennas for satellite telecommunications. It usually converts two linear polarized signals, injected into accesses with superimposed waveguides, into two signals with orthogonal circular polarizations thanks to a septum plate whose profile is optimized.
  • a second type of polarizing screen with waveguide sections is a metallic dichroic polarizing screen, consisting of an array of waveguides with slit resonators.
  • the parameters of the slits of each polarizing cell are adjusted so as to obtain a total transmission on the two components (E V , E H ) of the incident electrical signal E in linear polarization E, as well as a phase shift of between the two components E V and E H.
  • All first type or second type waveguide section polarizer screen structures are metallic and easier to manufacture.
  • these structures have a narrow pass band, and if resonators are added to the walls of the guided sections to widen the band, the polarizing cells obtained then have a significant thickness compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic signal, which confers at the polarizer screen, a high and unwanted sensitivity to the angle of incidence of the signal injected at the input.
  • the technical problem is to increase the bandwidth of a polarizer screen whose polarizing cell (s) are waveguide sections, each having two pairs of side walls parallel to each other electrically conductive, without widening the thickness. of said side walls.
  • the invention relates to a polarizer screen, comprising an arrangement of at least one polarizing cell (s), made of an electrically conductive material, selective in frequency and polarization. , to transform the linear polarization of the electric field E of an incident electromagnetic wave TEM, received at the input and decomposable into two electric field signals E V , E H whose vertical and horizontal polarizations are linear and orthogonal, into a circular polarization d 'an output electric field, and in which each polarizing cell has a waveguide section having two orthogonal, vertical and horizontal pairs of side walls parallel to each other and extended longitudinally along a direction of propagation of a incident EMT electromagnetic wave.
  • the polarizer screen is characterized in that the four side walls of each polarizing cell are each open over their entire length by a continuous median slot, parallel to the direction of propagation of the incident electromagnetic wave, so as to form four folded plates electrically conductive; and each polarizing cell includes electrically conductive rods which interconnect the side walls and the four folded plates to make them partially or completely integral and which form one or more successive elementary electrical discontinuities, which are arranged at the end or inside the guide section wave forming the polarizing cell and produce one or more capacitive (s), inductive (s), or one or more resonator (s) equivalent (L, C) to an inductor and a connected capacitor in parallel or in series; and the longitudinally open slits of the side walls and the elementary electrical discontinuities of each polarizing cell comprise geometric shapes and dimensions which achieve total transmission of the incident wave, associated with a phase anisotropy of + 90 ° or -90 ° depending on the components E V and E H.
  • a subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a polarizing screen as defined above and the manufacturing method is characterized in that the polarizing screen is entirely metallic, and the manufacturing method uses a technique of 3d printing.
  • a polarizing screen comprises an arrangement of at least one polarizing cell (s) made of an electrically conductive material, selective in frequency and in polarization, to transform the linear polarization of the electric field E of the incident electromagnetic wave TEM, received as an input and which can be broken down into two electric field signals E V , E H whose polarizations are linear and orthogonal, into an electromagnetic output wave of circular polarization.
  • polarizing cell made of an electrically conductive material
  • Each polarizing cell has a waveguide section having two orthogonal pairs of side walls parallel to each other and extended longitudinally along an incident EM wave propagation direction.
  • each polarizing cell is each open over their entire length by a continuous median slot, parallel to the direction of propagation of the incident electromagnetic wave, so as to form four folded plates electrically conductive.
  • each polarizing cell includes electrically conductive rods which interconnect the side walls and the four folded plates to make them partially or entirely integral and which form one or more elementary electrical discontinuities, which are arranged at the ends or inside the waveguide section forming the polarizing cell and carry one or more capacitive (s), inductive (s), or equivalent resonator (s) (L, C) to an inductor and a capacitor connected in parallel or in series.
  • electrically conductive rods which interconnect the side walls and the four folded plates to make them partially or entirely integral and which form one or more elementary electrical discontinuities, which are arranged at the ends or inside the waveguide section forming the polarizing cell and carry one or more capacitive (s), inductive (s), or equivalent resonator (s) (L, C) to an inductor and a capacitor connected in parallel or in series.
  • the longitudinal open slits of the side walls and the elementary electrical discontinuities of each polarizing cell have geometric shapes and dimensions which are adjusted so as to achieve a total transmission of the incident electromagnetic wave, associated with a phase anisotropy of + 90 ° or -90 ° depending on the components E V and E H.
  • the waveguide section 10 comprises two orthogonal pairs of side walls 24, 25, 26, 27 parallel to each other and extended longitudinally along a direction 32 of propagation of an incident electromagnetic wave TEM (not shown).
  • the four side walls 24, 25, 26, 27 of the polarizing cell are each open over their entire length by a median continuous slot 34, 35, 36, 37, parallel to the direction 32 of propagation of the incident electromagnetic wave, so as to form four folded plates 42, 44, 46, 48 electrically conductive.
  • the waveguide section 10 with folded parallel plates of the polarizing cell 12 can be represented for a given direction of polarization, parallel to a direction of a pair of corresponding side walls, by a transmission line 52 whose impedance characteristic, denoted Z1, depends on the dimensions of the guided section 10, in particular on the distance between the walls parallel to the considered polarization of the wave, as well as on the opening w of the two longitudinal slits of the side walls of guidance.
  • the transmission line 52 of characteristic impedance Z1 is interposed between input transmission lines 54 and output 56, of characteristic impedance Z0 corresponding to the propagation in a vacuum.
  • the direction of polarization of the electromagnetic wave considered is the vertical direction V on the Figure 1A , corresponding to the component E V of the electric field E of the electromagnetic wave in TEM mode (in English “Transversal Electro-Magnetic”) and represented by the vertical arrow 56.
  • the variation of the characteristic impedance is deduced from a characterization of this waveguide structure.
  • the identification of this simplified model with “full wave” simulations makes it possible to identify the characteristic impedance Z1 as a function of w.
  • the design of a polarizing cell of a polarizing screen according to the invention involves identifying the equivalent circuits associated with the folded-plate waveguide section and with the electrically conductive interconnections between plates or side walls forming one or more successive electrical discontinuities.
  • a polarizing cell 112 of a polarizing screen 102 is illustrated with a first vertical polarization E V of the incident electric field E, represented on the figure.
  • Figure 2A by a first vertical arrow 106
  • a second horizontal polarization E H of the incident electric field E shown on the Figure 2C by a second horizontal arrow 108, it being assumed that the polarizing cell 112 of the Figure 2A has rotated clockwise by an angle of + 90 ° around the axis 32 of propagation of the TEM wave in the Figure 2A .
  • the polarizing cell 112 has a waveguide section 120, the four side walls 124, 125, 126, 127 of which are each open longitudinally over the entire length of the guided section 120 by a median continuous slot 134, 135, 136, 137 and a single electrical discontinuity 142, having a vertical component 142 V and a horizontal component 142 H , and produced by an H-shaped interconnection 152 of electrically conductive rods.
  • the H-shaped interconnection 152 realizing the single elementary H-shaped electrical discontinuity 142, arranged inside the waveguide section 120 and substantially in the middle of the length of the polarizing cell 112, consists of two first vertical rods 154, 156 of the same length and of a second horizontal rod 158 connecting substantially in their middle said two vertical rods 154, 156, the first two vertical rods 154, 156 connecting the horizontal pair of parallel side walls, lower 124 and upper 125, so as to produce a first resonator circuit L V , C V parallel 142 V for the first vertical polarization, and a second resonator circuit L H , C H parallel 142 H for the second horizontal polarization, orthogonal to the first vertical polarization .
  • the electrical representation of the polarizing cell 112 for the first vertical polarization is a first transmission line 158 of characteristic impedance Z1 V
  • the electrical representation of the polarizing cell 112 for the horizontal polarization is a second transmission line 160 of characteristic impedance Z1 H
  • the first and second transmission lines 158, 160 each being interrupted by the electrical discontinuity 142 along the vertical component 142 V and the horizontal component 142 H.
  • the first and second transmission lines 158, 160, with respective characteristic impedance Z1 V , Z1 H , are each interposed between input transmission lines 164 and output 166, characteristic impedance Z0 corresponding to the propagation in the empty.
  • a polarizing cell 172 of a polarizing screen 162 comprises a waveguide section 180 whose four side walls 184, 185, 186, 187 are each open longitudinally over the entire length. length of the guided section 180 by a central continuous slot 194, 195, 196, 197 and a single electrical discontinuity 202, produced by an X-shaped interconnection 204 of rods, electrically conductive and interconnecting the side walls.
  • the X-shaped interconnection 204 realizing the elementary electrical discontinuity 202, disposed within the waveguide section 180 substantially in the middle of the length of the polarizing cell 172 and symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal median plane 212 traversing the waveguide section 180, consists of two rods 214, 216 of the same length, inclined relative to a vertical direction in the opposite direction, which substantially intersect in their respective middle 224, 226 while being slightly spaced at the level of their middle, and which connect the horizontal pair of parallel side walls, lower 184 and upper 185, whose respective normal is vertical, so as to achieve a first resonator circuit L V , C V parallel for a first vertical polarization, and a second parallel resonator circuit L H , C H for a second horizontal polarization, orthogonal to the first vertical polarization.
  • the two inclined rods of the X-shaped interconnection substantially cross each other in their respective middle while being connected at their midpoints.
  • a polarizing cell 262 of a polarizing screen 252 is illustrated with a first vertical polarization of the incident electric field, represented by a first vertical arrow 256 on the Figure 4A , and a second horizontal polarization of the incident electric field, represented by a second horizontal arrow 258.
  • the polarizing cell 262 has a waveguide section 270 whose four side walls 274, 275, 276, 277 are each open longitudinally over the entire length of the guided section 270 by a continuous middle slot 284, 285, 286, 287 and two elementary electrical discontinuities 292, 294 each constituted by an interconnection 289, 290 of two parallel poles, 295, 296; 297, 298, not interconnected and electrically conductive.
  • the two interconnections 289, 290 respectively forming the elementary electrical discontinuities, first 292 and second 294, arranged inside the waveguide section 270 and set back from the respective inlet and outlet ends of said waveguide section.
  • waveguide 270 connect the pair of parallel side walls, lower 274 and upper 275, so as to each achieve an inductive load L V 299, 300 for a first vertical polarization, parallel to the direction of the vertical rods 295, 296, 297, 298, and a capacitive load C H 301, 302 for a second horizontal polarization, orthogonal to the first vertical polarization.
  • the two continuous horizontal median slots 284, 285 of the pair of horizontal side walls, lower 274 and upper 275, of the waveguide section 270 are notched at the entry and exit of the section. of the waveguide 270.
  • the two horizontal slots 284, 286 each pass through two horizontal guide sections and end at the inlet 303 and outlet 304 of the guided section with a first horizontal width W1 H , and passes through an intermediate guide section horizontal 306 with a second horizontal width W2 H , less than the first horizontal width W1 H.
  • the first electrical discontinuity 292 delimits the horizontal guide section located at the inlet 303 of the guided section in two line portions of transmission of second horizontal polarization having the same first horizontal characteristic impedance Z1 H and respective lengths d1 and d2 going towards the output of the guided section which has a length denoted d.
  • the second electrical discontinuity 294 delimits the horizontal guide section located at outlet 304 in two transmission line portions of second horizontal polarization having the same first horizontal characteristic impedance Z1 H and of respective lengths d2 and d1 going towards the outlet of the section. guided which has a noted length d.
  • the length of the intermediate guide section 306 is denoted d3 and defines a portion of the transmission line of second horizontal polarization having a second characteristic horizontal impedance Z2 H.
  • the two vertical mid-continuous slots of the pair of vertical side walls, left and right, of the waveguide section are devoid of indentations.
  • the two vertical slots each pass through the same vertical guide section over the entire length with the same vertical width W1 V and a characteristic vertical impedance Z1 V.
  • the electrical representation of the polarizing cell 262 for the first vertical polarization is a first transmission line 309 interrupted by the first inductive load L V 299 corresponding to the first electrical discontinuity 292 and the first vertical polarization, and the second inductive load 300 of same value L V , corresponding to the second electrical discontinuity 294, the first and second inductive loads L V 299, 300 being respectively connected at the input and at the output of the characteristic impedance line portion Z1 V of length d1.
  • the electrical representation of the polarizing cell 262 for the second horizontal polarization is a second transmission line 310 in which the first capacitive load C H 303, corresponding to the first electrical discontinuity 292 and the second horizontal polarization, is connected to the input of the portion of characteristic impedance line Z1 H , located downstream of the first discontinuity 292 and of length d2 and the second capacitive load of the same value C H , corresponding to the second electrical discontinuity and the second horizontal polarization is connected at the output of the portion of characteristic impedance line Z1 H , located upstream of the second discontinuity and of length d2.
  • an interconnection consisting of two vertical metal wires produces an inductive load for the polarization parallel to the wires, and a capacitive load for the polarization orthogonal to the wires.
  • the first and second transmission lines 309, 310 are each interposed between input transmission lines 311 1 and output 311 2 , of characteristic impedance Z0 corresponding to the propagation in a vacuum.
  • a polarizing cell 322 of a polarizing screen 312 according to the invention is illustrated with a first vertical polarization of the incident electric field, represented by a first vertical arrow 316 on the Figure 5A , and a second horizontal polarization of the incident electric field, represented by a second horizontal arrow 318.
  • the polarizing cell 322 has a waveguide section 320 whose four side walls 324, 325, 326, 327 are each open longitudinally over the entire length of the guided section 320 by a continuous middle slot 334, 335, 336, 337 and two elementary electrical discontinuities 342, 344 successive, each constituted by an interconnection 346, 348 in the form of an H and electrically conductive.
  • the two interconnections 346, 348 forming the two elementary electrical discontinuities 342, 344 and arranged inside the waveguide section 320 and set back from the respective inlet and outlet ends of said waveguide section wave 320, each consist of two first vertical rods 352 1 , 352 2 ; 354 1 , 354 2 of the same length and of a second horizontal rod 356, 358 connecting substantially in their middle said two first vertical rods 352 1 , 352 2 ; 354 1 , 354 2 the first two vertical rods 352 1 , 352 2 ; 354 1 , 354 2 connecting the two vertical parallel side walls, lower 324 and upper 325, so as to each produce a first resonator circuit L1 V , C1 V parallel for the first vertical polarization, parallel to the direction of the first interconnection rods , and a second resonator circuit L2 H , C2 H parallel for a second horizontal polarization, orthogonal to the first vertical polarization.
  • the four continuous median slots 334, 335, 336, 337 of the four side walls 324, 325, 326, 327 of the section of the waveguide 320 are here notched at the entry and exit of the section. waveguide.
  • the two horizontal slots 334, 335 each pass through two horizontal and end guide sections at the inlet and outlet of the guided section with a first horizontal width W1 H , and through an intermediate horizontal guide section with a second horizontal width W2 H , less than the first horizontal width W1 H.
  • the two entry and exit end sections and horizontal guide each have the same length d1 and each define a portion, first and fifth, of transmission line for the second horizontal polarization having a first horizontal characteristic impedance Z1 H.
  • the first electrical discontinuity 342 and the second electrical discontinuity 344 share the intermediate horizontal guide section into three portions, second, third and fourth, of transmission line for the second horizontal polarization, each having the same second horizontal characteristic impedance Z2 H and respective lengths d2, d3 and d2.
  • the first electrical discontinuity, connected between the second portion and the third portion of the transmission line of the second horizontal polarization, and the second electrical discontinuity, connected between the third and fourth portion of the transmission line of the second horizontal polarization, are separated by the distance d3.
  • the two vertical slots 336, 337 each pass through two horizontal and end guide sections at the inlet and outlet of the guided section with a first vertical width W1 V , and pass through an intermediate vertical guide section with a second vertical width W2 V , less than the first vertical width W1 V.
  • the two inlet and outlet and vertical guide end sections each have the same length d1 and each define a portion, first and fifth, of transmission line for the first vertical polarization having a first vertical characteristic impedance Z1 H.
  • the first electrical discontinuity 342 and the second electrical discontinuity 344 share the intermediate vertical guide section into three portions, second, third and fourth, of transmission line for the first vertical polarization, each having the same second horizontal characteristic impedance Z2 H and respective lengths d2, d3 and d2.
  • the first electrical discontinuity, connected between the second portion and the third portion of the transmission line of the first horizontal polarization, and the second electrical discontinuity, connected between the third and fourth portion of the transmission line of the first vertical polarization, are separated by the distance d3.
  • the electrical representation of the polarizing cell 322 for the first vertical polarization is a first transmission line 362 in which a first parallel first resonator L1 V , C1 V parallel corresponding to the first electrical discontinuity and the first vertical polarization, and a second first parallel resonator L1 V , parallel C1 V corresponding to the second electrical discontinuity and the first vertical polarization, are respectively connected at the input of the third portion and at the output of the third portion of the line portion of the intermediate section of second vertical characteristic impedance Z2 V .
  • the electrical representation of the polarizing cell 322 for the second horizontal polarization is a second transmission line 363 in which a first second parallel resonator L2 H , C2 H parallel corresponding to the first electrical discontinuity and the second horizontal polarization and a second second resonator parallel L2 H , parallel C1 H , corresponding to the second electrical discontinuity and the second horizontal polarization, are respectively connected at the input of the third portion and at the output of the third portion of the line portion of the intermediate section having as characteristic impedance the second horizontal characteristic impedance Z2 H.
  • the positions of the notches along the horizontal slits and of the vertical slits can differ from one another and / or the positions of the elementary electrical discontinuities with respect to the notches can vary.
  • a polarizing cell 372 of a polarizing screen 364 is illustrated with a first vertical polarization of the incident electric field, represented by a first vertical arrow 366 on the Figure 6 , and a second horizontal polarization of the incident electric field, represented by a second horizontal arrow 368.
  • the polarizing cell 372 has a waveguide section 370 whose four side walls 374, 375, 376, 377 are each open longitudinally over the entire length of the guided section 370 by a continuous middle slot 384, 385, 386, 387 , and two elementary electrical discontinuities 392, 394 each consisting of an interconnection 388, 390, X-shaped rods, electrically conductive and interconnecting the side walls.
  • the two interconnections 388, 390 respectively forming the two elementary electrical discontinuities, first 392 and second 394, arranged inside the waveguide section 370 forming the polarizing cell 372 and set back from the respective input ends and outlet of said waveguide section 370, and symmetrically with respect to a vertical mid-plane longitudinally crossing the waveguide section, each consist of two rods 392 1 , 392 2 ; 394 1 , 394 2 of the same length, inclined with respect to the vertical direction in the opposite direction, which intersect substantially in their respective middle while being connected and which interconnect the horizontal parallel side walls, lower 374 and upper 375, so as to achieve each a first resonator circuit L1 V , C1 V parallel for the first vertical polarization, and a second resonator circuit L2 H , C2 H parallel for the second horizontal polarization, orthogonal to the first vertical polarization.
  • the two continuous horizontal median slots 384, 385 of the pair of horizontal side walls, lower 374 and upper 375 are notched at the entry and exit of the section of the waveguide 370.
  • the two horizontal slots 384, 385 each pass through two horizontal guide sections and end at the inlet and outlet of the guided section 370 with a first horizontal width W1 H , and crosses an intermediate horizontal guide section with a second horizontal width W2 H , less than the first horizontal width W1 H .
  • a polarizing cell 412 of a polarizing screen 402 is illustrated with a first vertical polarization of the incident electric field, represented by a first vertical arrow 406 on the Figure 7A , and a second horizontal polarization of the incident electric field, represented by a second horizontal arrow 408.
  • the polarizing cell 412 includes a waveguide section 410 whose four side walls 414, 415, 416, 417 are each open longitudinally over the entire length of the guided section 410 by a continuous middle slot 424, 425, 426, 427 , two elementary electrical discontinuities, first 432 and second 434, of input and output ends, each formed by an H-shaped interconnection 442, 444 of a first type, and an intermediate electrical discontinuity 436, third, arranged between the first and second elementary end discontinuities 432, 434, and formed by an H-shaped interconnection 446 of a second type.
  • the second, third type H-shaped interconnection 446 forming the third elementary discontinuity 436, disposed within the waveguide section 410 and substantially in the middle of the length of the polarizing cell 412, between the first and second elementary electrical discontinuities 432, 434, consists of two horizontal rods 456 1 , 456 2 of the same length and of a vertical rod 456 3 substantially connecting in their middle said two horizontal rods 456 1 , 456 2 , the first two rods horizontal 456 1 , 456 2 connecting the vertical parallel side walls, left 416 and right 417, the normal of which is horizontal, so as to produce a second vertical resonator circuit L2 V , C2 V parallel of the second type for the first vertical polarization, and a second parallel horizontal resonator circuit L2 H , C2 H of the second type for the second horizontal polarization.
  • the mid-continuous slits 424, 425, 426, 427 of the four side walls 414, 415, 416, 417 of the waveguide section are devoid of a notch at the entrance and exit of the guide section. wave 410.
  • the two vertical slots 426, 427 each pass, from the inlet to the outlet, through four vertical guide sections of the guided section with the same vertical width W1 V. which successively define a portion, first, second, third, fourth, of the transmission line for the first vertical polarization V having the same vertical characteristic impedance Z1 V.
  • the two horizontal slots 424, 425 each pass, from the inlet to the outlet, through four horizontal guide sections of the guided section with the same horizontal width W1 H. which successively define a portion, first, second, third, fourth, of the transmission line for the second horizontal polarization H having the same horizontal characteristic impedance Z1 H.
  • the first horizontal impedance line portion lying between the entry of the guided section and the first horizontal elementary electrical discontinuity of the first type, the second horizontal impedance line portion lying between the first electrical discontinuity horizontal elementary first type and the third horizontal elementary electrical discontinuity of the second type, the third portion of a horizontal impedance line between the third horizontal elementary electrical discontinuity of the second type and the second horizontal elementary electrical discontinuity of the first type, and the fourth portion of horizontal impedance line between the second horizontal elementary electrical discontinuity of the first type and the guide section output respectively have first, second, third, fourth lengths d1, d2, d2, d1 verifying equality: 2 ⁇ ( d1 + d2) d, d denoting the l length of the guided section.
  • the electrical representation of the polarizing cell 412 for the first vertical polarization is a first transmission line 462 in which a first parallel resonator L1 V , C1 V parallel corresponding to the first electrical discontinuity of the first type and the first vertical polarization, a second first parallel resonator L1 V , C1 V parallel corresponding to the second electrical discontinuity of the first type and the first vertical polarization, and a single second resonator L2 V , C2 V parallel corresponding to the third electrical discontinuity of the second type and the first vertical polarization are respectively connected at the input of the second portion, at the output of the third portion and at the input of the third portion of the first transmission line 452.
  • the electrical representation of the polarizing cell 412 for the second horizontal polarization is a second transmission line 464 in which a first parallel resonator L1 H , C1 H parallel corresponding to the first electrical discontinuity of the first type and the second horizontal polarization, a second first resonator L1 H , C1 H parallel corresponding to the second electrical discontinuity of the first type and the second vertical polarization, and a single second resonator L2 H , C2 H parallel corresponding to the third electrical discontinuity of the second type and the second horizontal polarization are respectively connected at the input of the second portion, at the output of the third portion and at the input of the third portion of the second transmission line 454.
  • the polarizing cell includes an elementary electrical discontinuity or a succession of elementary electrical discontinuities forming capacitive or inductive loads, or L, C, parallel or series circuits which make it possible to model the polarizing cell as a band-pass circuit for each of the vertical and horizontal polarizations.
  • the waveguide sections and the interconnection rods forming each polarizing cell are electrically conductive.
  • the waveguide sections and the interconnection rods forming each polarizing cell consist of a single homogeneous electrically conductive material.
  • the waveguide sections and the interconnection rods forming each polarizing cell consist of a single homogeneous electrically conductive material.
  • the only homogeneous electrically conductive material is a metal, or the second electrically conductive material is a metal.
  • the polarizing screen When the structure of the polarizing cell (s) of the polarizing screen is entirely metallic, the polarizing screen exhibits low transmission losses regardless of the transmission or reception mode of the application used, and is compatible with high power applications.
  • An entirely metallic structure of the polarizing cells makes it possible to produce the polarizing screen according to the invention by additive manufacturing using a 3-D printing process.
  • the polarizing cells of the polarizing screen according to the invention have a very wide passband and lateral guiding walls that are thin with respect to the transmission wavelength.
  • the use of guided sections based on folded parallel plates makes it possible not to introduce frequency dispersion in the waveguide sections and to obtain very wide band responses.
  • the small thickness of the side walls of the guided sections typically less than the transmission wavelength, gives the polarizing screen stability in incidence of the injected electromagnetic wave.
  • a polarizer screen 502 is a continuous and periodic two-dimensional arrangement of polarizing cells 512, fitted on a planar surface and having a structure identical to that of the polarizing cell of the Figure 7A .
  • the polarizing cells 512 are here formed by metal guided sections 510 open at the sides by longitudinal openings. Thanks to the longitudinal openings, the guides can propagate a TEM mode, which is not subject to a cutoff frequency.
  • the guided sections 510 are loaded in several places by metallic patterns of various shapes, joining the walls of the guides, here three H-shaped metallic patterns. These patterns make it possible to join together the different parts of the structure of each polarizing cell and achieve generally inductive or capacitive type electrical charges, or parallel or (L, C) series (L, C) resonators.
  • the metal patterns having the shape of H and connecting the four folds of each guided section produce resonators (L, C) parallel according to the two polarizations whose values L and C for each polarization are determined. by the geometry of said patterns.
  • the width of the guided section and the width of the longitudinal openings, here four slots of the same width will determine the characteristic impedance of the guided section.
  • the periodic arrangement of the guided sections can be small with respect to the wavelength (typically ⁇ / 3).
  • Very wide passbands can be obtained, for example making it possible to cover the Rx and Tx subbands of the Ka band.
  • the frequency response of the screen according to each polarization is mainly determined by the capacitive and inductive loads carried out by the metal connections, and the characteristic impedances determined by the characteristics of the frame, acting as a waveguide with parallel plates.
  • the curves 552, 554, 556, 558 of the evolution of the parameters S (transmission gain S 21 and return loss S 11 ) as a function of the frequency show the adaptation for a wide frequency band Ka for the two electrical components E V and E H of the incident electromagnetic wave, corresponding respectively to the first vertical polarization and to the second horizontal polarization.
  • Curve 662 describes the change in the transmission coefficient for the vertical component E V of the incident electromagnetic wave, ie the first vertical polarization as a function of frequency.
  • Curve 664 describes the change in the transmission coefficient for the horizontal component E H of the incident electromagnetic wave, ie the second polarization as a function of frequency.
  • a 90 ° anisotropy between the two curves 662 and 664 is visible on the 660 frequency band between 20 GHz and 28 GHz.
  • a planar two-dimensional polarizer screen 702 is connected as input to a waveguide section 706 for injecting an incident electromagnetic wave polarized linearly.
  • the polarizer screen 702 is here a continuous and periodic two-dimensional planar arrangement of polarizing cells 712 each having the same structure as that described in Figure 4A .
  • the waveguide section 706 for injecting a linearly polarized incident electromagnetic wave here comprises a flare 714, configured to modify the impedance of the parallel plate guide 716 which precedes it upstream by matching it to the impedance input of the polarizer screen.
  • the electrical diagrams of the polarizer screen 702 for the two orthogonal polarizations are similar to those of the Figures 4A and 4B in which the characteristic input impedance Z0 of the screen corresponding to a propagation in vacuum has been replaced by an impedance Zpp corresponding to the characteristic output impedance of the flare.
  • the polarizer screen 702 further comprises a lateral support structure 720 which laterally envelops the polarizing cells 712 arranged between them, and on which are fixed the ends of rods 724 making the polarizing cells partially integral with each other.
  • the polarizing cells 712 are made integral with each other in their entirety by the joint action, on the one hand of the rods 720 passing through the walls of guide sections of polarizing cells 712 in the same lateral direction, here the vertical direction of each cell polarizing, parallel to the first direction of vertical polarization which corresponds to the direction of the incident E V field inclined by 45 ° with respect to the vertical direction of the Figure 10B , and on the other hand the support structure 720 which fixes the position of the connecting rods 724.
  • the polarizer screen 702 is attached to the input waveguide section 706 by two sets of polarizing cell waveguide section wall input end fasteners 712, configured to be rigidly connected to walls. sides of the waveguide 706.
  • the input waveguide is replaced by an injection horn output of the incident electromagnetic wave.
  • a plane polarizer screen 802 is, like the two-dimensional plane polarizer screen 702 of the Figures 10A-10B , a two-dimensional planar, continuous and periodic arrangement of polarizing cells 812 each having the same structure as that described in Figure 4A .
  • the polarizer screen 802 has no lateral support structure but comprises two plates 806 1 , 806 2 for guiding and injecting the input signal connected at the input to the assembly of the waveguide sections forming the arrangement of polarizing cells. These parallel plates may include a flare.
  • the polarizing cells are made integral with each other in their entirety by the joint action, on the one hand of the rods 820 passing through the walls of guide sections of polarizing cells aligned in the same lateral direction, here the vertical direction of each polarizing cell , parallel to the first direction of vertical polarization which corresponds to the direction of the incident field E inclined by 45 ° with respect to the vertical direction of the Figure 11B , and on the other hand the two plates 806 1 , 806 2 for guiding and injecting the input RF signal which fix the positions of the grouped connection rods of plates folded back through links at the end of at least one plate folded back by groups of folded plates of the waveguide sections.
  • the polarizing cell arrangement is attached at the input end to the two guiding and injection plates of the input RF signal by two sets of input end fasteners of folded plates of walls of waveguide sections polarizing cells, configured to be rigidly connected to the two guiding and injection plates of the linearly polarized input RF signal.
  • a plane two-dimensional polarizer screen 902 of identical structure to that of the Figures 10A-10B is integrated into a multibeam antenna 904, formed by an array 906 of linearly polarized TEM wave RF sources 908 and a beamformator 910 as described in the patent FR 3038457 B1 .
  • the beamformer 910 is a waveguide having parallel plates for forming several beams over a wide angular sector.
  • the RF sources 908 which feed the beam former 910 are here of the horn type, four of them being represented here.
  • the multibeam antenna 904 is configured to radiate from a continuous aperture, formed by a waveguide section 912 for injecting a linearly polarized incident electromagnetic wave similar to that described in Figures 10A-10B .
  • the polarizer screen 902 is a planar, continuous and periodic two-dimensional arrangement of polarizing cells 932 each having the same structure as that described in Figure 4A .
  • the polarizer screen 902 further comprises a lateral support structure 936 which laterally envelops the polarizing cells 932 arranged between them, and on which are fixed the ends of rods making the polarizing cells partially integral with each other.
  • the polarizer screen 902 is connected to the output of the waveguide section 912 for injecting an incident electromagnetic wave linearly polarized in a manner similar to that described in Figures 10A-10B .
  • a method of manufacturing a polarizing screen according to the invention as described above can advantageously use a 3D printing technique, when the polarizing cells (guided sections and interconnection rods) are completely metallic.
  • the polarizing cells according to the invention are dimensioned to operate in a frequency band included in one of the bands L, S, C, Ku and Ka

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP20166973.6A 2019-04-18 2020-03-31 Polarisationsschirm mit breitband-hochfrequenz-polarisationszelle(n) Active EP3726642B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1904139A FR3095303B1 (fr) 2019-04-18 2019-04-18 Ecran polariseur a cellule(s) polarisante(s) radiofrequence(s) large bande

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EP3726642A1 true EP3726642A1 (de) 2020-10-21
EP3726642B1 EP3726642B1 (de) 2021-12-22

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CN117832872A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-04-05 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 宽带全金属反射单元、反射阵列及反射阵天线结构
EP4391232A1 (de) * 2022-12-22 2024-06-26 Thales Weitwinkel-impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung für eine gruppenantenne mit strahlungselementen und verfahren zum entwurf einer solchen vorrichtung

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CN112525797A (zh) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-19 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 土体水平渗透系数测试装置
WO2022135709A1 (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-30 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) A polarizer for parallel plate waveguides
WO2022157410A1 (es) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-28 Universidad De Granada Estructura tridimensional reconfigurable para la manipulación de ondas electromagnéticas
FR3134659A1 (fr) 2022-04-14 2023-10-20 Thales Dispositif de contrôle de faisceaux électromagnétiques RF selon leur bande de fréquence et procédé de fabrication

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FR3038457B1 (fr) 2015-07-03 2017-07-28 Thales Sa Formateur de faisceaux quasi-optique a lentille et antenne plane comportant un tel formateur de faisceaux
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EP4391232A1 (de) * 2022-12-22 2024-06-26 Thales Weitwinkel-impedanzanpassungsvorrichtung für eine gruppenantenne mit strahlungselementen und verfahren zum entwurf einer solchen vorrichtung
CN117832872A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-04-05 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 宽带全金属反射单元、反射阵列及反射阵天线结构

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CA3078132A1 (en) 2020-10-18
FR3095303B1 (fr) 2021-04-09
FR3095303A1 (fr) 2020-10-23
ES2906084T3 (es) 2022-04-13
US20200335842A1 (en) 2020-10-22
US11171396B2 (en) 2021-11-09
EP3726642B1 (de) 2021-12-22

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