US8933855B2 - Antenna feed with polarization rotation - Google Patents
Antenna feed with polarization rotation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8933855B2 US8933855B2 US13/406,683 US201213406683A US8933855B2 US 8933855 B2 US8933855 B2 US 8933855B2 US 201213406683 A US201213406683 A US 201213406683A US 8933855 B2 US8933855 B2 US 8933855B2
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- pin
- angle
- pin group
- approximately
- cylindrical body
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
- H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
- H01P1/171—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation using a corrugated or ridged waveguide section
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
- H01Q15/246—Polarisation converters rotating the plane of polarisation of a linear polarised wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
Definitions
- Various exemplary embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to antennas and orthomode couplers.
- An antenna is a device that may be used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves.
- the electromagnetic waves may be signals that carry information.
- the antenna may receive a signal by collecting electromagnetic waves in an electrical mode of a transmission line.
- the antenna may transmit a signal by converting the transmission line electrical mode into electromagnetic waves in free space.
- Antennas often use waveguides to transmit the electromagnetic waves.
- the electromagnetic waves have a polarization that may need to be known and controlled.
- Antennas may be vertically or horizontally polarized with respect to earth. The two polarizations may need to be separated or isolated from each other because they may contain different signals or information.
- the antenna feed may include two waveguides attached to an antenna feed horn.
- the waveguides may be bent in the same plane to minimize antenna pattern distortions.
- the waveguides may have additional bends to attach the waveguides to the feed in a way that accepts two orthogonal polarizations. Accordingly, there is a need to rotate the polarization of electromagnetic waves in a feed while minimizing the loss and size of the antenna feed horn, while also providing a large bandwidth of operation.
- an antenna feed configured to receive a signal having a wavelength, including: a cylindrical body; a first pin group including a first pin extending across the center of the cylindrical body at a first angle, and a second pin extending across the center of the cylindrical body at an angle rotated approximately 22.5° from the angle of the first pin, wherein the first and second pins of the first pin group are spaced in close proximity; a second pin group including a third pin extending across the center of the cylindrical body at an angle approximately equal to the angle of the second pin of the first pin group, and a fourth pin extending across the center of the cylindrical body at an angle rotated approximately 22.5° from the angle of the third pin, wherein the third and fourth pins of the second pin group are spaced in close proximity, and wherein the second pin group is spaced approximately one quarter of a wavelength away from the first pin group; a third pin group including a fifth pin extending across the center of the cylindrical body at an angle approximately equal to the angle of the fourth pin of the second pin group, and
- the antenna feed further includes: a first pair of capacitive tuning probes in line with the first pin group and rotated approximately 90° from the angle of the second pin, wherein each probe in the first pair of capacitive tuning probes are arranged on opposite sides of the cylindrical body; a second pair of capacitive tuning probes in line with the second pin group and rotated approximately 90° from the angle of the fourth pin, wherein each probe in the second pair of capacitive tuning probes are arranged on opposite sides of the cylindrical body; a third pair of capacitive tuning probes in line with the third pin group and rotated approximately 90° from the angle of the sixth pin, wherein each probe in the third pair of capacitive tuning probes are arranged on opposite sides of the cylindrical body; and a fourth pair of capacitive tuning probes in line with the fourth pin group and rotated approximately 90° angle of the from the eighth pin, wherein each probe in the fourth pair of capacitive tuning probes are arranged on opposite sides of the cylindrical body.
- Various exemplary embodiments further relate to an antenna feed configured to receive a signal having a wavelength, including: a cylindrical body; a series of pin groups extending across the center of the cylindrical body, wherein the series of pin groups are spaced at approximately equal distances and rotated an approximately equal number of degrees, and wherein the series of pin groups extend along a length of the cylindrical body for a distance of less than one wavelength of the signal; and a series of capacitive tuning probes, wherein the series of capacitive tuning probes are aligned with the series of pin groups and are rotated approximately 90° from the series of pin groups.
- the antenna feed rotates the polarization of the signal by approximately 90°. In some embodiments, the antenna feed rotates a horizontally polarized signal to a vertically polarized signal. In some embodiments, the antenna feed rotates a vertically polarized signal to a horizontally polarized signal. In some embodiments, the antenna feed rotates the polarization of the signal over a length of three quarters of wavelength. In some embodiments, the antenna feed rotates the polarization of the signal over a length of less than one wavelength.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an antenna feed
- FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the antenna feed
- FIG. 3 illustrates an end view of an embodiment of the feed.
- Antenna feeds may rotate a polarization of a signal.
- the polarization may be rotated using various devices and methods.
- a signal may be rotated 90° by using a series of rotating pins inside of the antenna feed, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,924,205, hereby incorporated by reference.
- the conventional pins may be spaced at close intervals that are much smaller than the wavelength of the signal.
- the conventional pins may also be rotated a small number of degrees.
- the conventional pins may be rotated over a length of one wavelength or more, making the length of the antenna feed longer than one wavelength.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of an antenna feed 100 .
- the feed 100 may be configured to operate with a signal at specific frequencies.
- the feed 100 may have a cylindrically shaped wall 101 .
- the feed 100 may include four pin groups 102 a - 102 d .
- Each pin group 102 a - 102 d may include at least two pins rotated axially approximately 22.5° from each other.
- the two pins in each pin group 102 a - 102 d may be spaced in close proximity to each other to form an approximate “X” shape.
- Each of the pin groups 102 a - 102 d may extend across the center of the feed 100 and may attach to the wall 101 .
- the first pin group 102 a may be at a first angle, for example 0°.
- the second pin group 102 b may be rotated approximately 22.5° from the first pin group 102 a .
- One pin of the second pin group 102 b may be at approximately the same angle as one pin of the first pin group 102 a .
- the third pin group 102 c may be rotated approximately 22.5° from the second pin group 102 b , or approximately 45° from the first pin group 102 a .
- One pin of the third pin group 102 c may be at approximately the same angle as one pin of the second pin group 102 b .
- the fourth pin group 102 d may be rotated approximately 22.5° from the third pin group 102 b , or approximately 67.5° from the first pin group 102 a .
- One pin of the fourth pin group 102 d may be at approximately the same angle as one pin of the third pin group 102 c .
- All of the pin groups 102 a - 102 d may be rotated in the same direction, either clockwise or counter-clockwise.
- the 22.5° rotation in the pin groups 102 a - 102 d may provide a 90° rotation in the polarization of the signal. For example, an input signal with vertical polarization may be rotated 90° and output with horizontal polarization. Alternatively, an input signal with horizontal polarization may be rotated 90° and output with vertical polarization.
- the feed 100 may further include four pairs of capacitive tuning probes 104 a - 104 d .
- the four pairs of capacitive tuning probes 104 a - 104 d may correspond with each of the four pin groups 102 a - 102 d .
- the first pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 a may be rotated approximately 90° from the first pin group 102 a .
- the second pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 b may be rotated approximately 90° from the second pin group 102 b .
- the third pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 c may be rotated approximately 90° from the third pin group 102 c .
- the fourth pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 d may be rotated approximately 90° from the fourth pin group 102 d .
- the four pairs of capacitive tuning probes 104 a - 104 d may improve the bandwidth of the feed 100 by cancelling an inductive mismatch caused by the polarization rotation of the four pin groups 102 a - 102 d.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the antenna feed 100 .
- the first pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 a may be in line with the first pin group 102 a .
- the second pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 b may be in line with the second pin group 102 b .
- the third pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 c may be in line with the third pin group 102 c .
- the fourth pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 d may be in line with the fourth pin group 102 d .
- the two pins of each pin group 102 a - 102 d may be spaced in close proximity to each other.
- Each of the four pin groups 102 a - 102 d and four pairs of capacitive tuning probes 104 a - 104 d may be spaced apart a distance approximately equal to one quarter of the wavelength of the signal.
- the feed 100 may have a shorter length than a conventional antenna feed.
- the feed 100 may rotate the polarization of a signal 90° over a length of only three quarters of a wavelength, while a conventional antenna feed may perform the rotation over a length of one wavelength or more.
- the feed 100 may have a greater bandwidth than a conventional antenna feed. Further, the use of four pin groups reduces complexity and the cost of manufacturing.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an end view of an embodiment of the feed 100 .
- the first pin group 102 a may include two pins rotated axially approximately 22.5°.
- the second pin group 102 b may be rotated axially approximately 22.5° from the first pin group 102 a .
- the second pin group 102 b may include two pins rotated axially approximately 22.5°.
- One pin of the second pin group 102 b may be at the same angle as one pin of the first pin group 102 a and may be hidden by the first pin group 102 a when the feed 100 is viewed on end as in FIG. 3 .
- the third pin group 102 c may be rotated axially approximately 22.5° from the second pin group 102 b .
- the third pin group 102 c may include two pins rotated axially approximately 22.5°.
- One pin of the third pin group 102 c may be at the same angle as one pin of the second pin group 102 b and may be hidden by the second pin group 102 b when the feed 100 is viewed on end as in FIG. 3 .
- the fourth pin group 102 d may be rotated axially approximately 22.5° from the third pin group 102 c .
- the fourth pin group 102 d may include two pins rotated axially approximately 22.5°.
- One pin of the fourth pin group 102 d may be at the same angle as one pin of the third pin group 102 d and may be hidden by the third pin group 102 d when the feed 100 is viewed on end as in FIG. 3 .
- the 22.5° rotation in the pin groups 102 a - 102 d may provide a 90° rotation in the polarization of the signal.
- an input signal with vertical polarization may be rotated 90° and output with horizontal polarization.
- an input signal with horizontal polarization may be rotated 90° and output with vertical polarization.
- the first pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 a may be rotated approximately 90° from one pin of the first pin group 102 a , or 112.5° from the other pin of the first pin group 102 a .
- the second pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 b may be rotated approximately 90° from one pin of the second pin group 102 b , or 112.5° from the other pin of the second pin group 102 b .
- the third pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 c may be rotated approximately 90° from one pin of the third pin group 102 c , or 112.5° from the other pin of the third pin group 102 c .
- the fourth pair of capacitive tuning probes 104 d may be rotated approximately 90° from one pin of the fourth pin group 102 d , or 112.5° from the other pin of the fourth pin group 102 d .
- the four pairs of capacitive tuning probes 104 a - 104 d may extend outside of the wall 101 of the feed 100 to allow for adjustment of the tuning probes.
- the four pairs of capacitive tuning probes 104 a - 104 d may improve the bandwidth of the feed 100 by cancelling an inductive mismatch caused by the polarization rotation of the four pin groups 102 a - 102 d.
- pin groups with approximately 22.5° rotation between adjacent pin groups are illustrated, other numbers of pins and rotations may be used as well.
- five pin groups with 18° of rotation between adjacent pin groups may be used that are spaced apart along the length of the waveguide by about one fifth of the wavelength.
- Any combination of the number of pins and the desired polarization rotation may be selected along with a spacing that leads to a length of less than one wavelength.
- the number and spacing of the associated capacitive probes will be selected to correspond to the number and position of the pins.
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/406,683 US8933855B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2012-02-28 | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
US14/567,221 US9559424B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2014-12-11 | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US13/406,683 US8933855B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2012-02-28 | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US14/567,221 Continuation US9559424B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2014-12-11 | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
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US20130222081A1 US20130222081A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
US8933855B2 true US8933855B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
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US13/406,683 Active 2033-02-16 US8933855B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2012-02-28 | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
US14/567,221 Active US9559424B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2014-12-11 | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
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US14/567,221 Active US9559424B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2014-12-11 | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150091770A1 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-04-02 | Alcatel-Lucent | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
US11171396B2 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2021-11-09 | Thales | Broadband polarizing screen with one or more radiofrequency polarizing cells |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10547117B1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2020-01-28 | Unites States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Millimeter wave, wideband, wide scan phased array architecture for radiating circular polarization at high power levels |
US10840573B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2020-11-17 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Linear-to-circular polarizers using cascaded sheet impedances and cascaded waveplates |
US10756417B2 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2020-08-25 | Waymo Llc | Adaptive polarimetric radar architecture for autonomous driving |
CN113437527B (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2022-06-03 | 浙江工业大学 | All-dielectric tunable electromagnetic induction transparent metamaterial based on quarter-cylinder structure |
Citations (6)
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US2425345A (en) * | 1942-12-23 | 1947-08-12 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave transmission system |
US2809354A (en) * | 1952-10-08 | 1957-10-08 | Philip J Allen | Electronic microwave switch |
US3287729A (en) * | 1961-12-14 | 1966-11-22 | Marconi Co Ltd | Polarisers for very high frequency electro-magnetic waves |
US4375052A (en) * | 1980-07-11 | 1983-02-22 | Microdyne Corporation | Polarization rotatable antenna feed |
US4672334A (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1987-06-09 | Andrew Corporation | Dual-band circular polarizer |
US5576668A (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-11-19 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Tandem circular polarizer |
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US2574433A (en) * | 1943-10-01 | 1951-11-06 | Roger E Clapp | System for directional interchange of energy between wave guides and free space |
US3924205A (en) * | 1972-03-24 | 1975-12-02 | Andrew Corp | Cross-polarized parabolic antenna |
US4755828A (en) * | 1984-06-15 | 1988-07-05 | Fay Grim | Polarized signal receiver waveguides and probe |
US4903037A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1990-02-20 | Antenna Downlink, Inc. | Dual frequency microwave feed assembly |
US8077103B1 (en) * | 2007-07-07 | 2011-12-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Cup waveguide antenna with integrated polarizer and OMT |
US8933855B2 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-01-13 | Alcatel Lucent | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
-
2012
- 2012-02-28 US US13/406,683 patent/US8933855B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-12-11 US US14/567,221 patent/US9559424B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2425345A (en) * | 1942-12-23 | 1947-08-12 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave transmission system |
US2809354A (en) * | 1952-10-08 | 1957-10-08 | Philip J Allen | Electronic microwave switch |
US3287729A (en) * | 1961-12-14 | 1966-11-22 | Marconi Co Ltd | Polarisers for very high frequency electro-magnetic waves |
US4375052A (en) * | 1980-07-11 | 1983-02-22 | Microdyne Corporation | Polarization rotatable antenna feed |
US4672334A (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1987-06-09 | Andrew Corporation | Dual-band circular polarizer |
US5576668A (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-11-19 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Tandem circular polarizer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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www.dictionary.com : Access on Apr. 9, 2014: Definition of the term "probe". * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150091770A1 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-04-02 | Alcatel-Lucent | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
US9559424B2 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2017-01-31 | Alcatel Lucent | Antenna feed with polarization rotation |
US11171396B2 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2021-11-09 | Thales | Broadband polarizing screen with one or more radiofrequency polarizing cells |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20150091770A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
US9559424B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
US20130222081A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
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