JP2002151948A - Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized wave antenna - Google Patents
Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized wave antennaInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002151948A JP2002151948A JP2000382909A JP2000382909A JP2002151948A JP 2002151948 A JP2002151948 A JP 2002151948A JP 2000382909 A JP2000382909 A JP 2000382909A JP 2000382909 A JP2000382909 A JP 2000382909A JP 2002151948 A JP2002151948 A JP 2002151948A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- circularly polarized
- output
- phase
- degrees
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、電波を受信する際、そ
の偏波面に関係なく等感度で受信のできる円偏波アンテ
ナに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a circularly polarized antenna capable of receiving radio waves with equal sensitivity regardless of the plane of polarization.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来から短波、超短波帯で用いられ円偏
波アンテナとして、交差ダイポールアンテナが良く知ら
れている。この交差アンテナは周知のようにアンテナの
交差面に垂直方向に指向性を持ち、垂直方向からずれる
と次第に楕円偏波の性質が強くなる。このような指向特
性があるため、不特定の方向から入射する電波を同一特
性で受信することはできない。このため、通常は送受信
の位置関係を特定した状態で使用される。2. Description of the Related Art A crossed dipole antenna has been well known as a circularly polarized antenna used in the short wave and ultra high frequency bands. As is well known, the crossed antenna has directivity in a direction perpendicular to the crossing plane of the antenna, and when deviating from the vertical direction, the property of elliptical polarization gradually increases. Because of such directional characteristics, radio waves incident from an unspecified direction cannot be received with the same characteristics. For this reason, it is usually used in a state where the positional relationship between transmission and reception is specified.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】短波、超短波での通信
には、特殊な場合を除き直線偏波が使用されるが、特に
移動通信の場合、伝播経路の状況やアンテナの動揺で偏
波面が変化して、受信点まで必ずしも一定の偏波面が保
持されているとは限らない。受信アンテナには通常、水
平面無指向性の直線偏波アンテナが使用されるので、受
信電波の偏波の動揺によって、受信状態が大きく変化し
て受信品質が低下するという問題がある。このような場
合、偏波面に無関係に受信することのできる円偏波アン
テナである交差ダイポールアンテナを使用することが考
えられるが、上記のように指向性が鋭く、水平面の全方
向を受信の対象とすることはできない。また、アンテナ
素子の出力インピーダンスが周波数によって、大きく変
化するから、９０度移相に使用される移相器の構成が困
難となって実現できない。本発明はこのような問題を解
決するためになされたもので、広帯域で、且つ水平面無
指向性の円偏波アンテナを提供することを目的とする。In shortwave and ultrashortwave communications, linear polarization is used except in special cases. In particular, in mobile communications, the plane of polarization is affected by propagation path conditions and antenna fluctuations. As a result, a constant polarization plane is not always held up to the receiving point. Normally, a horizontal omni-directional linearly polarized antenna is used as the receiving antenna, so that there is a problem in that the reception state is greatly changed by the fluctuation of the polarization of the received radio wave, and the reception quality is degraded. In such a case, it is conceivable to use a crossed dipole antenna, which is a circularly polarized antenna capable of receiving data regardless of the plane of polarization. However, as described above, the directivity is sharp and all directions in the horizontal plane are to be received. Can not be. Further, since the output impedance of the antenna element greatly changes depending on the frequency, the configuration of the phase shifter used for the 90-degree phase shift becomes difficult and cannot be realized. The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a broadband, non-horizontal plane, circularly polarized antenna.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明における広帯域無
指向性円偏波アンテナは、直交配置した水平ダイポール
アンテナ出力の一方を９０度移相して合成する。また、
直交配置した垂直ループアンテナ出力の一方を９０度移
相して合成する。さらに、前記２出力の一方を９０度移
相して合成する。このとき、各アンテナ素子の出力端に
各アンテナ素子の固有キャパシタンス及びインダクタン
スを回路素子とする定抵抗回路を付加して出力インピー
ダンスを周波数に関係なく定抵抗化するとともに、アン
テナの等価実効高が周波数に関係なく等しくなるように
する。A broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention combines one of the outputs of a horizontally arranged dipole antenna by shifting the phase by 90 degrees. Also,
One of the outputs of the orthogonally arranged vertical loop antennas is phase-shifted by 90 degrees and combined. Further, one of the two outputs is phase-shifted by 90 degrees and synthesized. At this time, a constant resistance circuit using the specific capacitance and inductance of each antenna element as a circuit element is added to the output end of each antenna element to make the output impedance constant regardless of the frequency, and the equivalent effective height of the antenna is Irrespective of.
【０００５】[0005]
【作用】波長に比して短い水平ダイポールアンテナは水
平偏波に対し互いに９０度異なる８字型指向性を有して
いるから、この一方を９０度移相して合成して得られる
複合アンテナの出力は水平面内無指向性となる。同様
に、波長に比して直径の短い垂直ループアンテナは垂直
偏波に対し互いの９０度異なる８字型指向性を有してい
るから、この一方を９０度移相して合成して得られる複
合アンテナの出力は垂直偏波に対して水平面無指向性と
なる。この二つの複合アンテナの出力位相は、アンテナ
に入射する電波の位相に対して、電波の水平面入射角だ
け移相されているが、ダイポールアンテナと、ループア
ンテナを同一方向に設置しておけば同位相となる。 し
たがって、二つの複合アンテナの一方の位相を９０度移
相して合成すれば水平面無指向性の無指向性アンテナと
して動作する。また、短いダイポールアンテナのインピ
ーダンスは固定のキャパシタンスであり、小さいループ
アンテナのインピーダンスは固定インダクタンスであ
る。このキャパシタンス、及びインダクタンスを回路内
に１素子として定抵抗回路を組み、互いに逆回路となる
ように構成すれば、各アンテナ素子の出力インピーダン
スは周波数に無関係な純抵抗に、また、等価実効高を同
一にすることができる。この結果９０度移相器の広帯域
化が可能になる。A horizontal dipole antenna having a shorter figure than the wavelength has an 8-shaped directivity different from the horizontal polarization by 90 degrees from each other. Is omnidirectional in the horizontal plane. Similarly, a vertical loop antenna having a diameter smaller than the wavelength has an 8-shaped directivity that differs by 90 degrees from each other with respect to the vertical polarization. The output of the combined antenna becomes omnidirectional in the horizontal plane with respect to the vertically polarized wave. The output phase of these two composite antennas is shifted by the horizontal angle of incidence of the radio wave with respect to the phase of the radio wave incident on the antenna. However, if the dipole antenna and the loop antenna are installed in the same direction, the output phase will be the same. Phase. Therefore, if one of the phases of the two composite antennas is shifted by 90 degrees and combined, the antenna operates as an omnidirectional antenna having a horizontal omnidirectional. The impedance of a short dipole antenna is a fixed capacitance, and the impedance of a small loop antenna is a fixed inductance. If the capacitance and the inductance are formed as one element in a circuit and a constant resistance circuit is constructed, and the circuits are configured to be mutually reverse circuits, the output impedance of each antenna element becomes a pure resistance independent of frequency, and the equivalent effective height is Can be identical. As a result, it is possible to increase the bandwidth of the 90-degree phase shifter.
【０００６】[0006]
【実施例】以下、本発明による広帯域無指向性円偏波ア
ンテナの一実施例について、図面を参照して説明する。
図１は本発明の一実施例の構造を示す図である。図にお
いて、１ｎｓ、１ｅｗは直交配置した水平ダイポールア
ンテナであって、アンテナ素子の全長は使用周波数の１
／２波長より短くし、その出力インピーダンスを容量性
にしてある。２ｎｓ、２ｅｗは直交配置した垂直ループ
アンテナで、その円周長は使用周波数の１／３波長より
短くし、水平ダイポールアンテナと同様に水平面で正確
な８字型指向性を保つようにしてある。３は整合箱であ
って、内部に図２、及び図３に示す回路を組み込んであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of one embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 ns and 1 ew are horizontal dipole antennas arranged orthogonally, and the total length of the antenna element is 1 of the operating frequency.
/ 2 wavelengths and the output impedance is made capacitive. 2 ns and 2 ew are orthogonally arranged vertical loop antennas whose circumferential length is shorter than １ ／ wavelength of the used frequency, and which keeps accurate 8-shaped directivity in a horizontal plane like a horizontal dipole antenna. Reference numeral 3 denotes a matching box in which the circuits shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are incorporated.
【０００７】図２はアンテナ素子の出力インピーダンス
を周波数に無関係な定抵抗に変換する定抵抗整合回路を
示す図である。４はダイポールアンテナの定抵抗整合回
路、５はループアンテナの定抵抗回路である。ダイポー
ルアンテナの出力インピーダンスであるキャパシタンス
Ｃａと、ループアンテナの出力インピーダンスであるイ
ンダクタンスＬａを回路素子の１部として、互いに逆回
路を構成するようにしてある。アンテナキャパシタンス
Ｃａと並列に付加したＣｃとの和のキャパシタンスＣｔ
は、そのリアクタンスが、使用下限周波数でループイン
ダクタンスのリアクタンスと逆のリアクタンスを呈する
ように選ばれる。また、ダイポールアンテナの寸法は、
その実効高のＣａ／Ｃｔがループアンテナの下限周波数
での実効高と等しくなるようにしてある。回路中の抵抗
Ｒは上記リアクタンスの有効値と等しくする。図２に示
す回路を構成すれば、回路の出力インピーダンスＺｏは
周波数に無関係に純抵抗Ｒとなり、出力解放端電圧Ｅｏ
も使用下限周波数以上の周波数ではループアンテナの下
限周波数での実効高ｈｅと入射電波の電界強度Ｅｉとの
積となり、ほぼ、一定値を呈する。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a constant resistance matching circuit for converting the output impedance of the antenna element into a constant resistance independent of frequency. 4 is a constant resistance matching circuit of the dipole antenna, and 5 is a constant resistance circuit of the loop antenna. The capacitance Ca, which is the output impedance of the dipole antenna, and the inductance La, which is the output impedance of the loop antenna, are configured as a part of a circuit element to constitute mutually reverse circuits. The capacitance Ct of the sum of the antenna capacitance Ca and Cc added in parallel
Is chosen such that its reactance exhibits a reactance opposite to that of the loop inductance at the lower frequency of use. The dimensions of the dipole antenna are
The effective height Ca / Ct is made equal to the effective height at the lower limit frequency of the loop antenna. The resistance R in the circuit is made equal to the effective value of the reactance. If the circuit shown in FIG. 2 is configured, the output impedance Zo of the circuit becomes a pure resistance R regardless of the frequency, and the output open-end voltage Eo
At frequencies higher than the lower limit frequency of use, the product is the product of the effective height he at the lower limit frequency of the loop antenna and the electric field strength Ei of the incident radio wave, and exhibits a substantially constant value.
【０００８】図３は上記定抵抗整合回路の出力の移相合
成を行うための回路構成を示す図である。６Ｌ、６Ｈ、
６Ｔは９０度ハイブリッド回路であって、ハイブリッド
回路６Ｌは直交垂直ループアンテナの整合後の出力の一
方を−９０度移相して合成する。この結果ループアンテ
ナは無指向性となり、その振幅は偏波角の余弦に比例す
る。ハイブリッド回路６Ｈは直交水平ダイポールアンテ
ナの整合後の出力の一方を−９０度移相して合成する。
この結果ダイポールアンテナは無指向性となり、その振
幅は偏波角の正弦に比例する。ハイブリッド回路６
Ｔは、上記２出力の一方を−９０度移相して合成する。
この結果、水平面無指向性の円偏波アンテナが得られ
る。ハイブリッド回路６Ｔの対向する端子からは、逆旋
円偏波出力が得られる。図３に示した数式は、図１に示
した入射信号が各アンテナ素子に誘起した場合の信号の
処理過程を示したものである。ここで、θは入射方位
角、ψは信号の偏波角である。また、Ｌｎｓ、Ｌｅｗは
ループアンテナの誘起電圧、Ｈｎｓ、Ｈｅｗはダイポー
ルアンテナの誘起電圧である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for performing a phase shift synthesis of the output of the constant resistance matching circuit. 6L , 6H ,
6 T is a 90-degree hybrid circuit, a hybrid circuit 6 L are synthesized by one of -90 ° phase shift output after matching the orthogonal vertical loop antenna. As a result, the loop antenna becomes omnidirectional, and its amplitude is proportional to the cosine of the polarization angle. Hybrid circuit 6 H are synthesized by one of -90 ° phase shift output after matching the orthogonal horizontal dipole antenna.
As a result, the dipole antenna becomes omnidirectional and its amplitude is proportional to the sine of the polarization angle. Hybrid circuit 6
T combines one of the two outputs by shifting the phase by -90 degrees.
As a result, a horizontally omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna is obtained. From the terminal facing the hybrid circuit 6 T, reverse hand circular polarization output. The mathematical formula shown in FIG. 3 shows a signal processing process when the incident signal shown in FIG. 1 is induced in each antenna element. Here, θ is the incident azimuth, and ψ is the polarization angle of the signal. Lns and Lew are induced voltages of the loop antenna, and Hns and Hew are induced voltages of the dipole antenna.
【０００９】また、上記では、終段にハイブリッド回路
６Ｔを使用したが、直交水平ダイポールアンテナ１ｎ
ｓ、１ｅｗと、直交垂直ループアンテナ２ｎｓ、２ｅｗ
の一方の接続を逆にすれば、ハイブリッド回路６Ｌ、６
Ｈの出力は互いに９０度の位相を持つので移相する必要
がなく、単なる合成器を使用することができる。Although the hybrid circuit 6T is used in the last stage in the above description, the orthogonal horizontal dipole antenna 1n is used.
s, 1 ew, orthogonal vertical loop antenna 2 ns, 2 ew
Are reversed, the hybrid circuits 6 L , 6 L
Since the outputs of H have a phase of 90 degrees with each other, there is no need to shift the phase, and a simple synthesizer can be used.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば広
帯域無指向性円偏波アンテナを構成できるので、不特定
の方向から到来する電波を、偏波に関係なく等感度で受
信することができる。また、本発明のアンテナを用いて
方位測定用アンテナアレィを構成すると、偏波面に無関
係に電波の到来方向を測定することが可能になる。As described above, according to the present invention, a broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna can be constructed, so that radio waves arriving from an unspecified direction can be received with equal sensitivity regardless of the polarization. Can be. Further, when the antenna array for azimuth measurement is configured using the antenna of the present invention, it is possible to measure the arrival direction of the radio wave regardless of the plane of polarization.
【図１】本発明による広帯域無指向性円偏波アンテナの
一実施例のアンテナの構造を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an antenna according to one embodiment of a broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明による広帯域無指向性円偏波アンテナの
アンテナ素子の整合回路の構成を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a matching circuit of an antenna element of the broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention.
【図３】本発明による広帯域無指向性円偏波アンテナの
移相合成回路の構成を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a phase shift combining circuit of a broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention.
１ｎｓ、１ｅｗ；水平ダイポールアンテナ ２ｎｓ、２ｅｗ；垂直ループアンテナ ３；整合箱 ４；ダイポールアンテナの定抵抗整合回路 ５；ループアンテナの定抵抗整合回路 ６Ｌ、６Ｈ、６Ｔ；９０度ハイブリッド回路1 ns, 1 ew; horizontal dipole antenna 2 ns, 2 ew; vertical loop antenna 3; matching box 4; constant resistance matching circuit of dipole antenna 5; constant resistance matching circuit of loop antenna 6 L , 6 H , 6 T ; 90 degree hybrid circuit
Claims (1)
と、直交配置した垂直ループアンテナとで構成し、各ア
ンテナ素子の出力端に定抵抗回路を設けて出力インピー
ダンスを一定の抵抗値とし、直交配置した水平ダイポー
ルアンテナの出力の一方を９０度移相して合成して、水
平偏波に対して無指向性とし、直交配置した垂直ループ
アンテナの出力の一方を９０度移相して合成して、垂直
偏波に対して無指向性とし、さらに、上記両無指向性出
力の一方を９０度移相して合成するようにしたことを特
徴とする円偏波アンテナ。1. An orthogonally arranged horizontal dipole antenna and an orthogonally arranged vertical loop antenna. A constant resistance circuit is provided at an output terminal of each antenna element to make the output impedance a constant resistance value. One of the outputs of the dipole antenna is phase-shifted by 90 degrees to be omnidirectional with respect to horizontal polarization, and the output of one of the orthogonally arranged vertical loop antennas is phase-shifted by 90 degrees and synthesized, A circularly polarized antenna, wherein the antenna is omnidirectional with respect to polarization, and one of the omnidirectional outputs is shifted by 90 degrees and combined.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000382909A JP4344975B2 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2000-11-13 | Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000382909A JP4344975B2 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2000-11-13 | Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002151948A true JP2002151948A (en) | 2002-05-24 |
| JP4344975B2 JP4344975B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
Family
ID=18850649
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000382909A Expired - Fee Related JP4344975B2 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2000-11-13 | Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4344975B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006033845A (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-02-02 | Tdk Corp | Antenna, its manufacturing method, and wide band antenna |
| WO2010129139A2 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Intel Corporation | An omnidirectional wideband antenna |
| US7868836B2 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2011-01-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Antenna and mobile terminal |
| US11152704B2 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2021-10-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Quasi-isotropic antenna |
| EP4243204A4 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2024-04-24 | Huawei Tech Co Ltd | Antenna assembly and electronic device |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8803749B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2014-08-12 | Kwok Wa Leung | Elliptically or circularly polarized dielectric block antenna |
-
2000
- 2000-11-13 JP JP2000382909A patent/JP4344975B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006033845A (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-02-02 | Tdk Corp | Antenna, its manufacturing method, and wide band antenna |
| JP4533816B2 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2010-09-01 | Ｔｄｋ株式会社 | Antenna, manufacturing method thereof, and broadband antenna |
| US7868836B2 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2011-01-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Antenna and mobile terminal |
| WO2010129139A2 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Intel Corporation | An omnidirectional wideband antenna |
| WO2010129139A3 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2011-01-27 | Intel Corporation | An omnidirectional wideband antenna |
| US8179330B2 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2012-05-15 | Intel Corporation | Omnidirectional wideband antenna |
| US11152704B2 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2021-10-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Quasi-isotropic antenna |
| US11831087B2 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2023-11-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Quasi-isotropic antenna |
| EP4243204A4 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2024-04-24 | Huawei Tech Co Ltd | Antenna assembly and electronic device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4344975B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
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