EP3720933A1 - Composition d'additifs pour carburant - Google Patents
Composition d'additifs pour carburantInfo
- Publication number
- EP3720933A1 EP3720933A1 EP18836832.8A EP18836832A EP3720933A1 EP 3720933 A1 EP3720933 A1 EP 3720933A1 EP 18836832 A EP18836832 A EP 18836832A EP 3720933 A1 EP3720933 A1 EP 3720933A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- group
- engine
- copolymer
- additive composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2366—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amine groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
- C08F2438/03—Use of a di- or tri-thiocarbonylthio compound, e.g. di- or tri-thioester, di- or tri-thiocarbamate, or a xanthate as chain transfer agent, e.g . Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer [RAFT] or Macromolecular Design via Interchange of Xanthates [MADIX]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
- C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
- C10L2200/0446—Diesel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an additive composition for liquid fuel of spark ignition engine or gasoline engine with compression ignition also called GCI engine (for "Gasoline Compression Ignition" in English).
- Liquid fuels from spark ignition engines or GCI engines contain components that may degrade during engine operation.
- the issue of deposits in the internal parts of spark ignition engines or GCI engines is well known to engine manufacturers. It has been shown that the formation of these deposits has consequences on engine performance and in particular has a negative impact on fuel consumption and particulate emissions. Advances in fuel additive technology have addressed this problem.
- Additives known as detergents used in fuels have already been proposed to maintain engine cleanliness by limiting deposits (Keep-clean effect) or by reducing deposits already present in the internal parts of the spark ignition engine or the engine.
- GCI engine (“clean-up" effect).
- US 4,171,959 describes a gasoline fuel detergent additive containing a quaternary ammonium function.
- WO 2006/135881 discloses a detergent additive containing a quaternary ammonium salt used to reduce or clean deposits including the intake valves.
- engine technology is constantly evolving and fuel requirements must evolve to meet these advances in spark ignition engines and GCI engines.
- the new gasoline direct injection systems expose the injectors to more severe pressure and temperature conditions which promotes the formation of deposits.
- these new injection systems have more complex geometries to optimize the spraying, including more holes with smaller diameters but, on the other hand, induce greater sensitivity to deposits.
- the presence of deposits can alter the performance of combustion including increasing pollutant emissions and particulate emissions. Other consequences of the excessive presence of deposits have been reported in the literature, such as increased fuel consumption and maneuverability problems.
- GCI engines Compression ignition gasoline engines also called GCI engines (for "Gasoline Compression Ignition” in English) having the same architecture as conventional spark ignition engines, they are subject to the same problems fouling. Like conventional spark ignition engines, GCI engines can be direct injection or indirect injection. The deposits recorded in conventional spark ignition engines can thus also be formed in GCI engines.
- valve sticking in English "valve sticking" is thus at the origin of sealing problems in the combustion chamber, responsible for a reduction in the compression force and therefore the efficiency of the engines.
- the inlet valve left open by the accumulation of deposits, may collide with the piston. This collision can then cause the deformation of the valve and / or the valve stem and thus the engine failure.
- this carrier oil makes it possible on the one hand to solubilize the additives, and in particular the detergent additives, and on the other hand to form on the surface of the hot parts the motor a thin layer of carrier oil.
- This thin layer of carrier oil in which the detergent additives are solubilized makes it possible to effectively clean the surface of the hot parts of the engine and to prevent the formation of deposits on these same surfaces.
- This thin layer of carrier oil, including detergent additives thus prevents valve sticking phenomena that can occur in spark-ignition engines or GCI engines with indirect injection.
- carrier oils are very expensive and therefore represent a significant part of the cost of additives used in spark ignition engine or GCI engine fuels.
- a carrier oil does not prevent the sticking of the valves with any type of detergent.
- a carrier oil does not prevent the sticking phenomenon of valves that may occur in the presence of a detergent additive selected from Mannich bases.
- WO 201 1/134923 discloses the use as a detergent additive in a direct injection diesel engine of a quaternized terpolymer obtained from ethylene (A), alkyl ester or alkenyl monomers (B) and of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least one tertiary nitrogen atom at least partially quaternized.
- Spark ignition engine or GCI engine technology means a gasoline direct injection (FDI) engine or an indirect fuel injection (ME) engine.
- the invention relates to novel fuel additive compositions.
- the additive compositions according to the invention have remarkable properties as a detergent additive in spark ignition engine liquid fuels or GCI engines.
- the copolymers according to the invention used in these fuels make it possible to maintain the cleanliness of the engine, in particular by limiting or avoiding the formation of the deposits ("Keep-clean” effect) or by reducing the deposits already present in the internal parts. spark ignition engine or GCI engine ("clean-up” effect).
- the Applicant has discovered that the use in a spark-ignition engine or in a GCI engine additive compositions according to the invention limits the formation of deposits at the injectors of gasoline direct injection engines (IDE) and the intake valves of indirect injection engines (ME), while preventing the occurrence of the phenomenon of sticking valves (in English "valve sticking") indirect fuel injection (ME).
- IDE gasoline direct injection engines
- ME indirect injection engines
- the subject of the invention relates to a fuel additive composition
- a fuel additive composition comprising:
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, where Z is H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from a C 1 -C 34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 34 alkyl group, and
- R 1 is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally with one or more hydroxyl groups, the R group possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or groups carbonyl, and
- the additive composition according to the invention comprises:
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, where Z is H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from a C1-C34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C1-C34 alkyl group, and
- R 1 is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C1-C12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally with one or more hydroxyl groups, the R group possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or groups carbonyl,
- the units of formula (I) and the units of formula (II) defined above represent at least 70 mol% of the copolymer (a), relative to the number of moles of units used in the composition of the copolymer ( a), preferably at least 80 mol%, more preferably at least 90 mol%, even more preferably at least 95 mol%, and advantageously at least 98 mol%.
- the group G of formula (I) is selected from a C 4 -C 34, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl having at least one aromatic ring and at least one alkyl group -C 34, preferably C 4 -C 34 .
- the group G of formula (I) is a C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
- the group G of the formula (I) is an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 30 alkyl group.
- the group E of the formula (I) is chosen from: -O- and -N (Z) -, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
- the group E of the formula (I) is chosen from: -CO-O- and -CO-NH-, preferably the group E is the group -CO-O-, it being understood that the group E is connected to the vinyl carbon by the carbon atom.
- the quaternary ammonium group is chosen from quaternary ammoniums of pyrrolinium, pyridinium, imidazolium, triazolium, triazinium, oxazolium and isoxazolium.
- the quaternary ammonium group of formula (II) is chosen from quaternary ammoniums of trialkylammonium, iminium, amidinium, formamidinium, guanidinium and biguanidinium, preferably trialkylammonium.
- the group R of formula (II) is represented by one of the following formulas (III) and (IV):
- X is chosen from hydroxide ions, halides and organic anions, preferably organic anions,
- R 2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the R 2 group is connected to Q in formula (II),
- R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are identical or different and chosen, independently, from C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the alkyl groups R 3 , R 4 and R 5 may contain one or more groups chosen from: a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a carbonyl group and that the groups R 3 , R 4 and R 5 may be connected together in pairs to form one or more rings,
- R 6 and R 7 are identical or different and independently selected from C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the R 6 and R 7 groups may contain one or more groups chosen from: a nitrogen atom, a hydrogen atom, oxygen and a carbonyl group and that the groups R 6 and R 7 may be joined together to form a ring.
- X is chosen from organic anions, preferably conjugated bases of carboxylic acids,
- R 2 is selected from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 1 to C 18 alkyl groups ,
- R 3, R and R 5 are identical or different and independently selected from hydrocarbon chains Ci to C 8, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, provided that at least one of R 3, R and R 5 contains at least one hydroxyl group.
- the group R 2 is represented by one of the following formulas (V) and (VI):
- R 8 is selected from C 1 to C 32 hydrocarbon chains
- R 9 is selected from hydrogen and C 1-6 alkyl groups.
- the copolymer (a) is obtained by copolymerization of at least:
- Ri ', u, E and G are as defined above,
- the monomer (m a) is selected from alkyl acrylates to C 34 alkyl methacrylates and Ci-C 34.
- the monomer (m b ) is obtained by reaction:
- a tertiary amine of formula NR 3 R 4 R 5 or R 6 N R 7 in which R 3 , R 4, R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are as defined above, and
- R 1, R 8 and R 9 are as defined above.
- the copolymer (a) is chosen from block copolymers and random copolymers, preferably the copolymer is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising:
- p is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, preferably ranging from 5 to 80, preferably ranging from 10 to 70, more preferably ranging from 20 to 60,
- Ri ', u, E and G are as defined above,
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10, Ri ", Q and R are as defined above.
- the block copolymer comprises at least:
- a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more monomers chosen from the monomers (m a ) of formula (VII), and
- a block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more monomers chosen from the monomers (m b ) of formula (VIII).
- the block copolymer comprises at least:
- Block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from a single monomer selected from the monomers (m b ) of formula (VIII).
- the block copolymer comprises at least:
- block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from a C1-C34 alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ), and
- Block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer or alkyl (meth) acrylamide (m), the alkyl radical is constituted by a hydrocarbon chain C1 to C34 substituted with at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of block A is from 2 to 100 moles.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m) of block B is from 2 to 50 moles.
- the copolymer (a) comprises at least one block sequence AB, ABA or BAB where said blocks A and B are linked without the presence of intermediate block of different chemical nature.
- the block copolymer is obtained by sequential polymerization, optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the intermediate polymer Pi also comprises at least one block A as defined above.
- the Mannich base (s) (b) are obtained or obtainable by the reaction (i) of an amine, (ii) a hydroxyaromatic compound substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl group and (iii) d an aldehyde under Mannich condensation reaction conditions.
- the mass ratio between the copolymer or copolymers (a) as defined above and the Mannich base (s) (b) ranges from 5: 95 to 95: 5, preferably from 10: 90 to 90:10. .
- the ratio between the mass of carrier oil (c) and the sum of the masses of copolymers (a) and of Mannich bases (b) described above. above and in detail below is from 0, 1 to 2, preferably from 0.3 to 1, 2, more preferably from 0.4 to 0.8.
- the invention also relates to a fuel concentrate comprising a fuel additive composition as defined above and in detail below, in admixture with an organic liquid.
- said organic liquid is inert with respect to the copolymer (s) (a), the Mannich base (s) and (b) and the carrier oil (s) possibly present, and miscible to said fuel.
- the invention also relates to a fuel composition
- a fuel composition comprising:
- a fuel from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, and
- the fuel composition according to the invention comprises at least 5 ppm of copolymer (s) (a).
- the Mannich base (s) are present in the fuel composition according to the invention in an amount ranging from 1 to 1000 ppm, preferably ranging from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably ranging from 50 to 500. ppm, and even more preferably ranging from 100 to 300 ppm.
- the copolymer or copolymers (a) are present in the fuel composition according to the invention in an amount ranging from 1 to 1000 ppm, preferably from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 10 to 200 ppm, and even more preferably ranging from 20 to 100 ppm.
- the fuel (1) is selected from hydrocarbon fuels, non-substantially hydrocarbon fuels and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrocarbon fuel is chosen from gasolines.
- the invention also relates to the use of a fuel additive composition as described above and in detail below, as a detergent additive in a spark ignition engine liquid fuel or a spark ignition gasoline engine. compression, said additive composition being used alone or in the form of a concentrate as defined above and in detail below.
- the fuel additive composition is used in the liquid fuel to maintain cleanliness and / or clean at least one of the internal parts of said spark ignition engine or said compression ignition engine.
- the fuel additive composition is used in the liquid fuel to limit or prevent the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said spark ignition engine or said compression ignition engine and / or to reduce deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said spark ignition engine or said compression ignition engine.
- the fuel additive composition is used in the liquid fuel to reduce the fuel consumption of the spark ignition engine or the compression ignition engine.
- the additive composition is used in the liquid fuel to reduce pollutant emissions, particularly particulate emissions from the spark ignition engine or the compression ignition engine.
- the deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts selected from the engine intake system, the combustion chamber and the fuel injection system.
- the additive composition is used to prevent and / or reduce the formation of deposits related to the phenomenon of coking and / or soap-like deposits and / or varnish.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is used in a spark ignition engine or in a direct injection injection gasoline engine to maintain the cleanliness and / or clean the injectors of the engine. engine.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is used in a spark-ignition engine or in a gasoline engine with compression ignition, with indirect injection to maintain the cleanliness and / or clean the valves of the engine. engine intake.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is used to prevent and / or prevent and / or limit and / or delay the bonding of the intake valves in a spark-ignition engine or in an engine gasoline with compression ignition, indirect injection.
- the engine is a spark ignition engine.
- the engine is a compression-ignition gasoline engine (GCI engine).
- GCI engine compression-ignition gasoline engine
- the invention finally relates to a method for maintaining the cleanliness and / or cleaning of at least one of the internal parts of a spark-ignition engine or a compression-ignition gasoline engine comprising at least the following steps:
- alkyl (meth) acrylate to designate an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate
- alkyl (meth) acrylamide to designate an alkyl acrylamide or a methacrylamide
- the term "unit” means a group of atoms constituting part of the structure of the copolymer and corresponding to a monomer employed in the synthesis of the copolymer.
- the invention relates to a fuel additive composition
- a fuel additive composition comprising:
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably R 1 'is a hydrogen atom,
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, where Z is H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from a C 1 -C 34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 34 alkyl group, and
- R 1 is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C1-C12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups, the R group possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups .
- the units of formula (I) and the units of formula (II) defined above represent at least 70 mol% of the copolymer (a), relative to the number of moles of units entering the the composition of the copolymer (a), preferably at least 80 mol%, more preferably at least 90 mol%, even more preferably at least 95 mol%, and advantageously at least 98 mol%.
- the copolymer (a) comprises only units of formula (I) and units of formula (II).
- the copolymer (a) is chosen from block copolymers or statistics.
- the copolymer (a) is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer is in blocks.
- the group E of the formula (I) is chosen from:
- E -N (Z) - with Z represents H or a linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group,
- the group E of the formula (I) is chosen from: -O- and -N (Z) -, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
- the group E of the formula (I) is preferably the -O-CO- group, it being understood that the -O-CO- group is connected to the vinyl carbon by the oxygen atom.
- the group E of the formula (I) is chosen from: -CO-O- and -CO-NH-, it being understood that the group E is connected to the vinyl carbon by the carbon atom.
- the group E of the formula (I) is preferably the -CO-O- group, it being understood that the -CO-O- group is connected to the vinyl carbon by the carbon atom.
- the group (G) of the formula (I) can be a C 1 -C 34 alkyl, preferably a radical C 4 -C 34, preferably C 4 -C 30, more preferably C 6 -C 24, more preferably C 8 to C 8.
- the alkyl radical is a linear or branched radical, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic. This alkyl radical can comprise a linear or branched part and a cyclic part.
- the group (G) of the formula (I) is advantageously a C 1 -C 34 acyclic alkyl, preferably a C 4 -C 34 alkyl radical, preferably a C 4 -C 30 alkyl radical, more preferably a C 6 -C 6 alkyl radical.
- alkyl groups such as butyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, ethyl-2-hexyl, isooctyl, isodecyl and isododecyl.
- the group (G) of formula (I) may also be an aromatic ring, preferably a phenyl or aryl group.
- aromatic groups there may be mentioned, without limitation, the phenyl or naphthyl group, preferably the phenyl group.
- the group (G) of the formula (I) may, according to another preferred variant, be an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 34 alkyl group.
- the group (G) is an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and one or more C4-C34 alkyl groups, preferably C 4 -C 30 , more preferably C 6 -C 24 , even more preferably C 8 to C 8.
- the aromatic ring may be mono-substituted or substituted on a number of its carbon atoms. Preferably, the aromatic ring is monosubstituted.
- the C 1 -C 34 alkyl group may be in the ortho, meta or para position on the aromatic ring, preferably in para.
- the alkyl radical is a linear or branched radical, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably an acyclic radical, linear or branched, preferably branched.
- the aromatic ring may be directly attached to the E group or the vinyl carbon but may also be connected to it via an alkyl substituent.
- group G there may be mentioned a benzyl group substituted in para with a C4-C34, preferably C4-C30, alkyl group.
- the group (G) of the formula (I) is an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 4 -C 34 , preferably C 4 -C 30, alkyl group, more preferably C 6 -C 2 4, even more preferably C 8 to C 8 .
- the group Q of formula (II) is the oxygen atom.
- the group R of formula (II) comprises a quaternary ammonium group and one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the group R is chosen from groups having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternization of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine according to any known method.
- the group R may, in particular, be chosen from groups having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternization of at least one amine, imine, amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine or biguanidine function; heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 34 atoms and at least one nitrogen atom.
- the group R is chosen from groups having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternizing a tertiary amine.
- the group R of formula (II) is represented by one of the following formulas (III) and (IV):
- X is chosen from hydroxide ions, halides and organic anions, in particular the acetate ion,
- R 2 is selected from C 1 to C 34 , preferably C 1 to C 8 , more preferably C 1 to C 8 , still more preferably C 2 to C 4 , cyclic or acyclic, linear or branched, optionally substituted hydrocarbon chains; by at least one hydroxyl group; preferably, R 2 is chosen from alkyl groups, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the group R 2 is connected to the group Q in formula (II),
- R 3, R and R 5 are identical or different and independently selected from hydrocarbon chains Ci to C 8, preferably Ci-Ci 2 linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, it being understood that the alkyl groups R 3 R 4 and R 5 may contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups and may be connected together in pairs to form one or more rings,
- R 6 and R 7 are identical or different and independently selected among the channels hydrocarbon Ci to C 8, preferably Ci-Ci 2 linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, it being understood that R 6 and R groups 7 may contain one or more nitrogen atoms and / or oxygen and / or carbonyl groups and may be joined together to form a ring.
- the nitrogen atom (s) and / or oxygen (s) may be present in the groups R 3 , R and R 5 as ether bridges, amine bridges or in the form of an amine or hydroxyl substituent.
- the organic anions of the X group are advantageously the conjugate bases of the organic acids, preferably the conjugate bases of the carboxylic acids, in particular the acids chosen from monocarboxylic, polycarboxylic, cyclic or acyclic acids.
- the organic anions of the X group are chosen from conjugated bases of saturated acyclic or cyclic aromatic carboxylic acids.
- the group R 2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34 , preferably C 1 to C 8 , more preferably C 1 to C 8 , even more preferably C 2 to C, linear acyclic groups. or branched, substituted by at least one hydroxyl group.
- the group R of formula (II) comprises a hydrocarbon chain substituted with at least one quaternary ammonium group and one or more hydroxyl groups.
- X is chosen from organic anions, preferably conjugated bases of carboxylic acids,
- R 2 is selected from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 1 to C 18 alkyl groups ,
- R 3, R 4 and R 5 are identical or different and independently selected from hydrocarbon chains Ci to C 8, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, provided that at least one of R 3, R and R 5 contains at least one hydroxyl group.
- the group R 2 is represented by one of the following formulas (V) and (VI):
- R 8 is selected from hydrocarbon chains to C 32, preferably Ci to C 6 cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic, linear or branched, preferably alkyl groups,
- R 9 is chosen from hydrogen and C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups , C 1 -C 4, more preferably hydrogen.
- the unit of formula (I) is obtained from a monomer (m a ).
- the monomer (m a ) corresponds to the following formula (VII):
- Ri ', E, G and u are as defined above, the preferred variants of R 1', E, G and u according to the formula (I) as defined above are also preferred variants of the formula (VII ).
- the group R 1 ' is a hydrogen atom.
- the monomer (m a ) is, preferably, chosen from vinyl esters of C 1 to C 34 , preferably of C 4 to C 3 o, more preferably of C 6 to C 24, more preferably of C 8 to C 22 ⁇ the alkyl radical of alkyl
- the vinyl ester is linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- alkyl vinyl ester monomers mention may be made, for example, of vinyl octanoate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl dodecanoate, vinyl tetradecanoate, vinyl hexadecanoate, vinyl octodecanoate and docosanoate. vinyl, 2-ethylhexanoate vinyl.
- the monomer (m a ) is preferably selected from acrylates or methacrylates of alkyl to C 34, preferably C 4 -C 30, more preferably C 6 to C 24, more preferably C 8 -C 22 ⁇ the alkyl group of the acrylate or methacrylate is linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates that may be used in the manufacture of the copolymer of the invention, mention may be made, in a nonlimiting manner: n-octyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-decyl acrylate, n-decyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isodecyl methacrylate.
- the unit of formula (II) is obtained from a monomer (m b ).
- the monomer (m) is chosen from those of formula (VIII):
- R 1 ", Q and R are as defined above, preferred variants of R 1", Q and R according to formula (II) as defined above are also preferred variants of formula (VIII).
- the monomer (m) is represented by one of the following formulas (IX) and (X):
- R 1 "and Q are as defined above, preferred variants of R 1" and Q according to formula (II) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (IX) and (X),
- X, R 2, R 3, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are as defined above, the preferred variants of X, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 according to formulas (III) and (IV) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (IX) and (X).
- the copolymer (a) can be obtained by copolymerization of at least one monomer (m a ) and at least one monomer (m b ).
- at least 70 mol% of the monomers used for the preparation of the copolymer (a) are chosen from the monomers (m a ) and the monomers (m b ) defined above, preferably at least 80 mol%, more preferably at least 90 mol%, even more preferably at least 95 mol%, and preferably at least 98 mol%.
- the copolymer is obtained solely from monomers (m a ) and monomers (m b ).
- the copolymer (a) can be prepared by any known method of polymerization.
- the various techniques and polymerization conditions are widely described in the literature and fall within the general knowledge of those skilled in the art.
- the copolymer (a) is a block copolymer comprising at least one block A and at least one block B.
- Block A corresponds to the following formula (XI):
- p is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, preferably from 5 to 80, preferably from 10 to 70, more preferably from 20 to 60.
- Ri ', E, G and u are as defined above, the preferred variants of R 1', E, G and u according to formula (I) as defined above are also preferred variants of the formula (XI ).
- Block B corresponds to the following formula (XII):
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10,
- R 1 ", Q and R are as defined above, preferred variants of R 1", Q and R according to formula (II) as defined above are also preferred variants of formula (XII).
- block B is represented by one of the following formulas (XIII) and (XIV):
- n, Q and R ⁇ are as described above, the preferred variants of n, Q and R ⁇ " according to the formulas (II) and (XII) as defined above are also preferred embodiments of formulas (XIII) and (XIV),
- X, R 2, R 3, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are as defined above, the preferred variants of X, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 according to formulas (III) and (IV) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (XIII) and (XIV).
- the block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer (m a ) as described above.
- the block B consists of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer (m b ) as described above.
- block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate monomer (m a ) and block B corresponds to formula (XII) described above. .
- the block copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) and at least the monomer (m b ). It is understood that it would not go beyond the invention if one obtained the copolymer according to the invention from monomers different from (m a ) and (m b ), insofar as the final copolymer corresponds to that of the invention, that is to say comprising at least one unit of formula (I) and at least one unit of formula (II) as defined above . For example, it would not go beyond the invention, if one obtained the copolymer by copolymerization of monomers different from (m a ) and (m b ) followed by post-functionalization.
- units derived from a monomer (m a ) can be obtained from vinyl alcohol or acrylic acid, respectively by transesterification or amidification reaction.
- the block copolymer can be obtained by sequential polymerization, preferably by sequential and controlled polymerization and optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the block copolymer described above is obtained by sequenced and controlled polymerization.
- the polymerization is advantageously chosen from controlled radical polymerization; for example, by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP in English “Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization”); the radical polymerization by nitroxide (NMP in English “Nitroxide-mediated polymerization”); degenerative transfer processes (degenerative transfer processes) such as degenerative iodine transfer polymerization (ITRP-iodine transfer radical polymerization) or radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT in English "Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer”); polymerizations derived from ATRP such as polymerizations using initiators for the continuous regeneration of the activator (ICAR -Initiators for continuous activator regeneration) or using electron-regenerated activators regenerated by electron (ARGET) transfer ").
- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
- NMP nitroxide
- degenerative transfer processes degenerative
- NMP NMP
- CJ Hawker of an alkoxyamine capable of acting as a unimolecular agent, providing both the initiator reactive radical and the intermediate nitroxide radical in stable form
- Hawker has also developed a universal NMP initiator (D. Benoit et al., J. Am Chem Soc., 1999, 121, 3904).
- the reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization is a living radical polymerization technique.
- the RAFT technique was discovered in 1988 by the Australian scientific research organization CSIRO (J. Chiefari et al., Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 5559).
- the RAFT technique has very rapidly been the subject of intensive research by the scientific community as it allows the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, including structures in blocks, grafts, combs or even stars. by controlling the molecular weight of the macromolecules obtained (G. Moad et al., Aust J. Chem, 2005, 58, 379).
- the RAFT polymerization can be applied to a very wide range of vinyl monomers and under various experimental conditions, including for the preparation of water-soluble materials (McCormick, C. L. et al., Acc.Chem.Res.2004, 37, 312).
- the RAFT method includes the conventional radical polymerization of a substituted monomer in the presence of a suitable chain transfer agent (RAFT agent or CTA in English "Chain Transfer Agent").
- RAFT agent or CTA in English "Chain Transfer Agent”
- Commonly used RAFT agents include thiocarbonylthio compounds such as dithioesters (J.
- RAFT agent allows the synthesis of polymers having a high degree of functionality and having a narrow distribution of molecular weights, that is to say a low polydispersity index (PDI in English "Polydispersity index”) .
- the sequenced and controlled polymerization is typically carried out in a solvent, under an inert atmosphere, at a reaction temperature generally ranging from 0 to 200 ° C, preferably from 50 ° C to 130 ° C.
- the solvent may be chosen from polar solvents, in particular ethers such as anisole (methoxybenzene) or tetrahydrofuran or apolar solvents, in particular paraffins, cycloparaffins, aromatics and alkylaromatics having from 1 to 19 carbon atoms. carbon, for example, benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-butene, n-hexane, n-heptane and the like.
- the reaction is generally carried out under vacuum in the presence of an initiator, a ligand and a catalyst.
- a ligand mention may be made of N, N, N ', N ", N" -Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), 1,1,7,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylene tetramine (HMTETA), 2,2'-Bipyridine (BPY) and Tris (2-pyridylmethyl) amine (TPMA).
- the ATRP polymerization is preferably carried out in a solvent chosen from polar solvents.
- the monomer equivalents (m a ) of block A and monomer (m b ) of block B reacted during the polymerization reaction may be the same or different.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of the block A is preferably from 2 to 100 eq, preferably from 5 to 80 eq, preferably from 10 to 70 eq, more preferably from 20 to 60 eq.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m) of the block B is preferably from 2 to 50 eq, preferably from 3 to 40 eq, more preferably from 4 to 20 eq, and even more preferably from 5 to 10 eq.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of the block A is advantageously greater than or equal to that of the monomer (m b ) of the block B.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of the block A is between 20 and 60 moles, and G is selected from C 4 to C 30 hydrocarbon chains.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of the block A is between 20 and 60 moles, and G is selected from C 4 -C 3 hydrocarbon chains, and the copolymer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of from 1000 to 10,000 g. mol 1 .
- the molar mass in weight M w of block A or block B is preferably less than or equal to 15,000 g. mol. 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 10,000 g. mol. 1 .
- the block copolymer advantageously comprises at least one block sequence AB, ABA or BAB where said blocks A and B are linked together without the presence of intermediate blocks of different chemical nature.
- block copolymers may optionally be present in the block copolymer described above insofar as these blocks do not fundamentally change the character of the block copolymer. However, block copolymers containing only A and B blocks will be preferred.
- a and B represent at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99% by weight of the block copolymer.
- the block copolymer is a diblock copolymer.
- the block copolymer is an alternating block triblock copolymer comprising two A blocks and one B block (ABA) or comprising two blocks B and one block A (BAB).
- the block copolymer also comprises a terminal chain I consisting of a linear or branched, C 1 to C 32, preferably C 4 to C 24, hydrocarbon, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain , more preferably preferentially in C10 to C24 .
- cyclic hydrocarbon chain means a hydrocarbon chain at least a part of which is cyclic, in particular aromatic. This definition does not exclude hydrocarbon chains comprising both an acyclic and a cyclic moiety.
- the terminal chain I may comprise an aromatic hydrocarbon chain, for example a benzene chain and / or a linear or branched, saturated and acyclic hydrocarbon-based chain, in particular an alkyl chain.
- the terminal chain I is, preferably, selected from alkyl chains, preferably linear, more preferably alkyl chains of at least 4 carbon atoms, even more preferably of at least 12 carbon atoms.
- the terminal chain I is located in the terminal position of the block copolymer. It can be introduced into the block copolymer by means of the polymerization initiator.
- the terminal chain I may, advantageously, constitute at least a part of the polymerization initiator and is positioned within the polymerization initiator in order to introduce, during the first polymerization initiation step. , the terminal chain I in the terminal position of the block copolymer.
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, chosen from free radical initiators used in the ATRP polymerization process. These free radical initiators well known to those skilled in the art are described in particular in the article "Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: current status and future prospects, Macromolecules, 45, 4015-4039, 2012".
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, selected from alkyl esters of a halide-substituted carboxylic acid, preferably a bromine in the alpha position, for example ethyl 2-bromopropionate, a-bromoisobutyrate.
- ethyl 2-bromopropionate may be able to introduce into the copolymer the terminal chain I in the form of a C 2 alkyl chain and benzyl bromide in the form of a benzyl group.
- the transfer agent can conventionally be removed from the copolymer at the end of the polymerization according to any known method.
- the terminal chain I can also be obtained in the copolymer by RAFT polymerization according to the methods described in the article by Moad, G. et al., Australian Journal of Chemistry, 2012, 65, 985-1076.
- the terminal chain I may, for example, be modified by aminolysis when a transfer agent is used to give a thiol function.
- transfer agents of the thiocarbonylthio, dithiocarbonate, xanthate, dithiocarbamate and trithiocarbonate type for example S, N-dibenzyltrithiocarbonate (DBTTC), S, S-bis (a, a'- dimethyl- ⁇ -acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (BDMAT) or 2-cyano-2-propyl benzodithioate (CPD).
- DBTTC N-dibenzyltrithiocarbonate
- BDMAT S-bis (a, a'- dimethyl- ⁇ -acetic acid) trithiocarbonate
- CPD 2-cyano-2-propyl benzodithioate
- the transfer agent can be cleaved at the end of the polymerization by reacting a cleavage agent such as C 2 -C 6 alkylamines, the terminal function of the copolymer can in this case be a thiol group -SH .
- the sulfur of the copolymer obtained by RAFT polymerization introduced by the sulfur transfer agent such as thiocarbonylthio, dithiocarbonate, xanthate, dithiocarbamate and trithiocarbonate, can be converted in order to eliminate the sulfur of the copolymer.
- the block copolymer is a diblock copolymer (also called diblocks).
- the block copolymer structure may be of the IAB or IBA type, advantageously IAB.
- the terminal chain I may be directly linked to the block A or B according to the structure IAB or IBA, respectively, or to be linked via a linking group, for example an ester, amide, amine or ether function.
- the linking group then forms a bridge between the terminal chain I and the block A or B.
- the block copolymer can also be functionalized at the end of the chain according to any known method, in particular by hydrolysis, aminolysis and / or nucleophilic substitution.
- aminolysis any chemical reaction in which a molecule is split into two parts by reaction of an ammonia molecule or an amine.
- An example general aminolysis is to replace a halogen of an alkyl group by reaction with an amine, with removal of hydrogen halide.
- Aminolysis can be used, for example, for an ATRP polymerization which produces a copolymer having a terminal halide or for a RAFT polymerization to transform the thio, dithio or trithio linkage introduced into the copolymer by the RAFT transfer agent into the copolymer. thiol function.
- the terminal chain I 'advantageously comprises a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, C 1 to C 32 , preferably C 1 to C 24 , more preferably C 1 to C 10 , still more preferably an alkyl group, optionally substituted with one or more groups containing at least one heteroatom selected from N and O, preferably N.
- this functionalization may, for example, be carried out by treating the copolymer IAB or IBA obtained by ATRP with a primary alkylamine to C 32 or an alcohol to C 32 under conditions soft so as not to modify the functions present on blocks A, B and I.
- the quaternary ammonium group of block B described above may be acyclic or cyclic.
- the acyclic quaternary ammonium group is advantageously chosen from quaternary ammoniums of trialkylammonium, iminium, amidinium, formamidinium, guanidinium and biguanidinium, preferably trialkylammonium.
- the cyclic quaternary ammonium group is advantageously chosen from heterocyclic compounds containing at least one nitrogen atom, in particular chosen from quaternary ammoniums of pyrrolinium, pyridinium, imidazolium, triazolium, triazinium and oxazolium. isoxazolium.
- the quaternary ammonium group of the B block is, advantageously, a quaternary ammonium, still more advantageously a quaternary trialkylammonium.
- At least one of the alkyl groups of ammonium quaternary of block B is substituted with a hydroxyl group.
- the block B is preferably derived from a monomer (m b ) obtained by reaction:
- a tertiary amine of formula NR 3 R 4 R 5 or R 6 N R 7 in which R 3 , R 4, R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are as described above, and
- Q, R 1, R 8 and R 9 are as described above, the preferred variants of Q, R 1, R 8 and R 9 according to formulas (II), (V) and (VI) as defined herein. above are also preferred variants of the formula (XV).
- the block B is obtained by post-functionalization of an intermediate polymer Pi comprising at least one block P of formula (XVI) below:
- R 1, n, Q, R 8 and R 9 are as described above, the preferred variants of R 1, n, Q, R 8 and R 9 according to formulas (II), (V), (VI) and (XII) as defined above are also preferred variants of formula (XVI).
- the tertiary amine may, for example, be selected from acyclic tertiary amines, preferably trialkylamines, guanidines and quaternizable amines.
- the tertiary amine is preferably selected from trialkylamines, especially those whose alkyl groups are identical or different and independently selected from alkyl Cl to C 8, preferably C, to C 12, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- the tertiary amine may be chosen from cyclic tertiary amines, preferably pyrrolines, pyridines, imidazoles, triazoles, guanidines, imines, triazines, oxazoles and isoxazoles which are quaternizable.
- the intermediate polymer Pi may also comprise at least one block A as described above.
- the quaternization step may be carried out before the copolymerization reaction, on an intermediate monomer carrying the tertiary amine, for example, by reaction with an alkyl halide or an epoxide (oxirane) according to any known process, optionally followed by a anion exchange reaction.
- an alkyl halide or an epoxide (oxirane) according to any known process, optionally followed by a anion exchange reaction.
- the quaternization step can also be carried out by post-functionalization of an intermediate polymer carrying the tertiary amine, for example by reaction with an alkyl halide optionally followed by an anion exchange reaction.
- an alkyl halide optionally followed by an anion exchange reaction.
- a post-functionalization reaction of an intermediate polymer bearing the tertiary amine by reaction with an epoxide (oxirane) according to any known method.
- the fuel additive composition may advantageously comprise from 5 to 99% by weight, preferably from 10 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 25 to 70% by weight of copolymer as described above with respect to the mass. total of the additive composition.
- the fuel additive composition also comprises at least one Mannich base (b).
- Mannich bases is intended to mean compounds obtained or obtainable by the reaction of (i) an amine, (ii) a hydroxyaromatic compound substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl group and (iii) an aldehyde under Mannich condensation reaction conditions.
- the total molar ratio between the compounds (i) :( ii) :( iii) is 1: 2: 3.
- the amine used for the preparation of a Mannich base (b) may be a monoamine or a polyamine.
- the amine is chosen from monoamines.
- the monoamine is selected from primary amines and secondary amines.
- the monoamine is chosen from secondary amines.
- the secondary monoamine has the following formula (XVII):
- Ru and R-I2 which are identical or different, are chosen from: an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group and an aralkyl group.
- aralkyl group means a C 6 -C 12 aryl group substituted by a C 1 -C 50 alkyl group, said aralkyl group being bonded to the substrate by a carbon atom of the aryl group.
- alkaryl group is meant in the sense of the invention an alkyl group substituted at the end of the chain by an aryl group, said alkaryl group being bonded to the substrate by a carbon atom of the alkyl group.
- the groups R 1 and R 12 are chosen from C 1 to C 3 o hydrocarbon groups, more preferably C 1 to C 6 , advantageously C 1 to C 6 .
- secondary monoamines there may be mentioned in particular: dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine and dicyclohexylamine.
- the amine is chosen from polyamines.
- the polyamine is chosen from aliphatic polyamines.
- the polyamine comprises at least one primary or secondary amine functional group capable of reacting in a Mannich condensation reaction.
- an amine is more or less reactive under the Mannich reaction conditions.
- the tertiary amine and quaternary amine functions have a low reactivity and are unlikely to react in a Mannich condensation reaction.
- the polyamine comprises a single primary or secondary amine function capable of reacting in a Mannich condensation reaction.
- the polyamine comprises a single primary or secondary amine functional group active in a Mannich condensation reaction, the other amine functional groups of the polyamine being tertiary and / or quaternary amine functional groups.
- N, N, N ", N" -tetraalkyldialkylenetriamines comprising two terminal tertiary amine functions and a central secondary amine function
- the N, N, N ', N "-tetraalkyltrialkylenetetramines comprising an amine function terminal tertiary two tertiary amine functional groups along the chain and a terminal amine function
- the N, N, N, N ", N"'- pentaalkyltrialkylènetetramines comprising a terminal tertiary amine function, two tertiary amine functional groups along the chain and a secondary terminal amine function
- the N, N-dihydroxyalkyl- ⁇ , o-alkylenediamines comprising a terminal tertiary amine function and a terminal primary amine function
- the N, N, N'-trihydroxyalkyl- ⁇ , o-alkylenediamines comprising
- the polyamine is chosen from diamines.
- the polyamine is chosen from diamines comprising a primary or secondary amine function and a tertiary amine function.
- the diamine is chosen from N, N-diaikyl- ⁇ , ⁇ -alkylenediamines, in which the alkylene group comprises from 3 to 6 carbon atoms and the alkyl groups, which are identical or different, are chosen from C 1 to C 12 alkyl groups -
- the alkyl groups of N, N-dialkyl- ⁇ ,>-alkylenediamine are identical.
- the diamine is N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine.
- the polyamine comprises a single primary or secondary amine functional group active in a Mannich condensation reaction, the other amine functions being sterically hindered primary or secondary amine functions.
- sterically hindered amine function means an amine function whose nearby environment is congested because of the proximity of other hydrocarbon groups. The more sterically hindered an amine, the less reactive it will be under Mannich reaction conditions.
- the polyamine is a diamine.
- the hydroxyaromatic compound substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl group is chosen from phenolic compounds substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl group.
- the hydrocarbyl substituent of the hydroxyaromatic compound may be located on the aromatic ring in ortho-, meta- or para-position relative to the hydroxyl group -OH.
- hydroxyaromatic compound substituted with a hydrocarbyl group is represented by the following formula (XVIII):
- Rio groups, R '10 and R' 10, identical or different, are chosen from: hydrogen, alkyl to C 4, and a hydrocarbyl group having an average molecular weight (M w) ranging from 300 to 2000 g. mol 1 , more preferably ranging from 500 to 1500 g. mol 1 , the weight-average molecular weight being determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC),
- At least one group R 10 , R '10 and R " 10 represents a hydrogen atom and that at least one group R 10 , R' 10 and R" 10 represents a hydrocarbyl group as defined above.
- the hydrocarbyl group is saturated.
- the hydrocarbyl substituent is selected from polyolefinic groups.
- polyolefinic group means a group obtained from a polyolefin, in particular by the substitution and / or stripping out of a hydrogen atom.
- polystyrene resin examples include polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutene, but also olefinic copolymers.
- the polyolefin from which the hydrocarbyl substituent is derived has a polydispersity index ranging from 1 to 4, more preferably from 1 to 2, the polydispersity index of the polyalkene being determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the polyolefinic group has a number average molecular weight ranging from 500 to 3000 g. mol 1 , more preferably ranging from 700 to 1500 g. mol 1 , advantageously ranging from 900 to 1300 g. mol 1 , the number average molecular weight of the polyalkene being determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the polyolefin from which the hydrocarbyl substituent is derived is chosen from copolymers of butene and / or isobutene and / or propylene and one or more mono-olefinic comonomer copolymerizable with these latter. .
- the copolymer comprises at least 50% by weight of units derived from butene and / or isobutene and / or propylene, relative to the total weight of the copolymer.
- the units derived from the mono-olefinic comonomers can then be aliphatic or include non-aliphatic groups.
- the polyolefin from which the hydrocarbyl substituent is derived is selected from copolymers of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin.
- the copolymer has a number average molecular weight ranging from 500 to 3000 g. mol 1 , the number average molecular weight being determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- At least 30% of the copolymer chains comprise terminal ethylidene unsaturation.
- the hydrocarbyl substituent is chosen from poly (iso) butylene groups.
- poly (iso) butylene group is intended to mean a group obtained from a polymer belonging to the poly (iso) butylenes family, in particular by the substitution and / or tearing out of a hydrogen atom.
- poly (iso) butylene is meant in the sense of the invention a polymer obtained or likely to be obtained essentially or exclusively from 1-butene or isobutene or a polymer obtained or likely to be obtained from a mixture of 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutene.
- Mannich bases prepared from poly (iso) butenyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compounds may be referred to as polyisobutenyl Mannich bases or PIB-Mannich bases.
- the poly (iso) butene from which the hydrocarbyl substituent is derived is a highly reactive poly (iso) butene.
- highly reactive poly (iso) butene means a poly (iso) butene having a high content of terminal carbon-carbon double bonds, also known as olefinic double bonds or vinylidene double bonds.
- the poly (iso) butene comprises at least 20%, more preferably at least 50%, and advantageously at least 70% of carbon-carbon double bonds. the total number of carbon-to-carbon double bonds present in the polyalkene.
- the hydroxyaromatic compound substituted with a hydrocarbyl group is such that one of the Rio groups is a hydrogen atom, another one of the Rio groups is a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group and the last R 10 group is a hydrocarbyl substituent. having a number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 2000 g. mol 1 .
- the hydroxyaromatic compound substituted with a hydrocarbyl group is obtained by the alkylation of o-cresol with a high molecular weight hydrocarbyl polymer.
- the hydrocarbyl polymer has a number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 2000 g. mol 1 .
- the hydrocarbyl polymer is chosen from polyisobutylenes.
- the polyisobutene has a number-average molecular weight ranging from 500 to 1500 g. mol 1 .
- the hydroxyaromatic compound substituted with a hydrocarbyl group is obtained by the alkylation of o-phenol with a high molecular weight polymer.
- the hydrocarbyl polymer has a number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 2000 g. mol 1
- the hydrocarbyl polymer is chosen from polyisobutylenes.
- the polyisobutene has a number-average molecular weight ranging from 500 to 1500 g. mol 1 .
- the alkylation of the hydroxyaromatic compound substituted with a hydrocarbon group is usually carried out in the presence of an alkylation catalyst, such as a Lewis acid type catalyst, such as, for example, boron trifluoride BF 3 or aluminum chloride. AICI 3 , and at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 200 ° C.
- an alkylation catalyst such as a Lewis acid type catalyst, such as, for example, boron trifluoride BF 3 or aluminum chloride.
- the aldehyde used for the preparation of Mannich bases is chosen from aliphatic aldehydes, such as, for example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, capraldehyde, heptaldehyde and stearaldehyde; aromatic aldehydes, for example benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde; and heterocyclic aldehydes, such as aldehydes derived from furfural and thiophene.
- aliphatic aldehydes such as, for example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, capraldehyde, heptaldehyde and stearaldehyde
- aromatic aldehydes for example benzaldehyde and salicylaldehy
- the aldehyde is introduced in the form of a precursor compound of the aldehyde.
- the precursor compound of the aldehyde is chosen from paraformaldehydes and aqueous solutions of formaldehyde, for example formalin.
- the aldehyde is formaldehyde, optionally introduced in the form of formaldehyde.
- the Mannich condensation conditions comprise at least one, preferably all, of the following conditions:
- reaction time ranging from 2 to 4 hours
- the reaction temperature is preferably high, preferably the reaction temperature is 150 ° C.
- the reaction time is from 3 to 4 hours.
- reaction can be carried out over longer or shorter times, as described in US 1 1/336037.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention may advantageously comprise from 5 to 99% by weight, preferably from 10 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 25 to 70% by weight of Mannich base (s). (b) based on the total mass of the additive composition.
- the mass ratio between the copolymer (s) (a) and the Mannich base (s) (b) described above is from 5: 95 to 95 : 5, preferably from 10: 90 to 90:10.
- the fuel additive composition as described above is used in combination with at least one carrier oil (c), also called carrier fluid, induction adjuvant or fluidizer.
- carrier oil also called carrier fluid, induction adjuvant or fluidizer.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention comprises at least one carrier oil (c), preferably solubilized in the carrier oil (c).
- the carrier oil (c) and the fuel additive composition as defined above are provided separately.
- liquid oligomers of poly- ⁇ -olefins include liquid hydrocarbons of polyalkenes, especially polypropylene, polybutene and polyisobutene and their derivatives; liquid hydrocarbons of hydrotreated polyalkenes, especially hydrotreated polypropylene, hydrotreated polybutene, hydrotreated polyisobutene and their derivatives; mineral oils; poly (oxyalkylene) type liquid compounds; liquid alcohols and polyols; liquid esters, their derivatives and their mixtures.
- the carrier oil is chosen from:
- a mineral oil or a mixture of mineral oils preferably having a viscosity number, determined according to ASTM D2270, less than 120,
- a polyether or a mixture of polyethers, and especially poly (oxyalkylene) compounds preferably having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 1500 g. mol 1
- the carrier oil is chosen from mineral oils, it is preferably selected from paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils, asphaltic oils and mixtures thereof.
- the mineral oil is chosen from hydrotreated oils.
- the carrier oil is selected from poly- ⁇ -olefins, it is preferably selected from hydrotreated poly- ⁇ -olefins and non-hydrolyzed poly- ⁇ -olefins.
- the poly- ⁇ -olefins are chosen from trimers, tetramers or even pentamers of ⁇ -olefinic monomers, said ⁇ -olefinic monomers each comprising from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the carrier oil is selected from polyethers, it is preferably selected from poly (oxyalkylene).
- the poly (oxyalkylenes) have a weight average molecular weight ranging from 500 to 1500 g. mol 1 .
- hydrocarbyl-terminated poly (oxyalkylene) mono-alcohols there may be mentioned hydrocarbyl-terminated poly (oxyalkylene) mono-alcohols.
- poly (oxyalkylene) compounds By way of example of poly (oxyalkylene) compounds, mention may be made especially of mono-alcohols and mixtures of poly (oxyalkylene) mono-alcohols substituted with an alkyl group. In the undiluted state, these compounds are in the form of a liquid soluble in gasoline and have a viscosity of at least 70 cSt at 40 ° C and at least 13 cSt at 100 ° C. These compounds include in particular the monols formed by the propoxylation of one or more alkanols each comprising at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the poly (oxyalkylene) type carrier oils have an undiluted kinematic viscosity, determined according to ASTM D445, of at least 60 cSt at 40 ° C., more preferably at least 70 cSt, and at least 1 cSt at 100 ° C, more preferably at least 13 cSt.
- the poly (oxyalkylene) type carrier oils have an undiluted viscosity of at most 400 cSt at 40 ° C., more preferably at most 300 cSt, and not more than 50 cSt at 100 ° C., more preferably not more than 40 cSt.
- poly (oxyalkylene) s there may be mentioned poly (oxyalkylene) glycols and their monoether type derivatives, especially those meeting the viscosity requirements described above.
- an alkylene oxide such as for example propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide
- at least 80 mole percent of the oxyalkylene groups present in these compounds are derived or derivable from 1,2-propylene groups.
- poly (oxyalkylene) compounds also include those described in and / or obtained or obtainable by carrying out the methods described in US 2,425,845, US 2,425,755 and US 2,457,139.
- Poly (oxyalkylene) bearing oils must contain sufficient branched oxyalkylene units, for example methyldimethyleneoxy and / or ethyldimethyleneoxy units, so that the latter is sufficiently soluble in the fuel.
- the carrier oil is chosen from polyalkylenes, it is preferably selected from polypropenes, polybutenes, polyisobutenes, polyamylenes, copolymers of propene and butene, butene and isobutene copolymers, propene copolymers. and isobutene and copolymers of propene, butene and isobutene and mixtures thereof.
- polyalkylene there may be mentioned hydrotreated polypropylenes, hydrotreated polybutenes, hydrotreated polyisobutenes and their derivatives.
- the polybutenes have a narrow molecular weight distribution, for example expressed as the ratio Mw on Mn, Mw denoting the weight average molecular weight of polybutene and Mn denoting the number average molecular weight of polybutene.
- This ratio is sometimes referred to as polydispersity index of polybutene.
- the ratio Mw to Mn of the polybutenes is at most 1, 4, Mw denoting the weight average molecular weight of the polybutene and Mn denoting the number average molecular weight of the polybutene.
- Methods for determining mass average molecular weight include static light scattering, small angle neutron scattering, X-ray scattering, and sedimentation rate.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the carrier oil is chosen from polyethers, more preferably from poly (oxyalkylene) s.
- the ratio between the mass of carrier oil (c) and the total mass of detergent additives present in the additive composition ranges from 0.4 to 2, preferably from 0.6 to 1, 4.
- the detergent additives category includes both the copolymer (s) and the Mannich base (s) defined above, but also all the other optional detergent additives which may be added and as defined in the present invention. request below.
- the ratio of carrier oil mass (c) to the sum of the masses of copolymers (a) and Mannich bases (b) described above and in detail below ranges from 0.1 to 2, preferably from 0.3 to 1, 2, more preferably from 0.4 to 0.8.
- the additive composition according to the invention is devoid of carrier oil.
- the fuel additive composition described above is particularly advantageous when used as a detergent additive in a spark ignition engine fuel or a compression ignition gasoline engine (GCI engine).
- detergent additive liquid fuel an additive which is incorporated in a small amount in the liquid fuel and has an effect on the cleanliness of said engine compared to said non-additive liquid fuel.
- the liquid fuel is advantageously derived from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, vegetable and synthetic sources. Oil will preferably be chosen as a mineral source.
- the liquid fuel is preferably chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels, alone or as a mixture.
- Hydrocarbon fuel is a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen.
- non-substantially hydrocarbon fuel is understood to mean a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen, that is to say which also contain other atoms, in particular oxygen atoms.
- Hydrocarbon fuels include in particular medium distillates boiling temperature ranging from 100 to 500 ° C or lighter distillates having a boiling point in the range of gasolines. These distillates may, for example, be chosen from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates obtained from catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of vacuum distillates, distillates resulting from ARDS type conversion processes (in English "atmospheric residue desulphurization") and / or visbreaking, the distillates from the valuation of Fischer Tropsch cuts. There may also be mentioned hydrocarbon fuels resulting from the conversion BTL (in English "biomass to liquid”), available especially from the company EKOBENZ. Hydrocarbon fuels are typically gasolines.
- the hydrocarbon fuel is chosen from gasolines.
- the gasolines include, in particular, any commercially available spark ignition engine or GCI engine fuel compositions.
- any commercially available spark ignition engine or GCI engine fuel compositions As a representative example, mention may be made of species that comply with the NF EN 228 standard. The essences generally have octane numbers that are sufficiently high to prevent the phenomenon of knocking.
- gasoline fuels marketed in Europe, compliant with the NF EN 228 standard have a motor octane number (MON) of greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON in English). Research Octane Number ") of a minimum of 95.
- Gasoline fuels have, typically, an RON ranging from 90 to 100 and a MON ranging from 80 to 90, the RON and MON being measured according to ASTM D 2699-86 or D 2700-86.
- Non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels include, in particular, oxygenates, for example bioethanols resulting from the BTL (biomass to liquid) conversion of plant and / or animal biomass, in particular the conversion of sugars and / or lignocellulose from biomass or even biofuels, consisting for example of ether compounds such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) or diisopropyl ether or DIPE (English “ diisopropyl ether ").
- oxygenates for example bioethanols resulting from the BTL (biomass to liquid) conversion of plant and / or animal biomass, in particular the conversion of sugars and / or lignocellulose from biomass or even biofuels, consisting for example of ether compounds such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) or diisopropyl ether or DIPE (English “ diiso
- Mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuel are typically E x type gasolines.
- Gasoline type E x for a spark ignited engine or GCI is understood to mean a petrol fuel which contains x% (v / v) oxygenates, usually ethanol, bioethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether ( MTBE) and / or ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).
- x% (v / v) oxygenates usually ethanol, bioethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether ( MTBE) and / or ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).
- the sulfur content of the liquid fuel is preferably less than or equal to 5000 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm, and more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm and advantageously without sulfur.
- the fuel additive composition described above is used in the liquid fuel at a content, preferably at least 10 ppm, preferably at least 50 ppm, more preferably at a level of 10 to 5000 ppm, still more preferably from 10 to 1000 ppm.
- the use of a fuel additive composition as described previously in the liquid fuel makes it possible to maintain the cleanliness of at least one of the internal parts of the spark ignition engine or the GCI engine and / or cleaning at least one of the internal parts of the spark ignition engine or the GCI engine.
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in the liquid fuel makes it possible, in particular, to limit or avoid the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine ("keep-clean” effect in English). ) and / or to reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine (“clean-up" effect in English).
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in the liquid fuel makes it possible, in comparison with the liquid fuel with no particular additive, to limit or avoid the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine or of reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine.
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in the liquid fuel makes it possible to observe both the effects, limitation (or prevention) and reduction of deposits (keep-clean and clean-up ").
- Deposits are distinguished according to the type of spark ignition engine or GCI engine and the location of deposits in the internal parts of said engine.
- the targeted deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts of said spark ignition engine or GCI engine.
- the internal part of the spark-ignition engine or GCI engine kept clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaned (clean-up) is advantageously chosen from the intake system of the engine, in particular the intake valves ( IVD in English "Intake Valve Deposit"), the combustion chamber (CCD in English “Total Chamber Deposit” or TCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of a system indirect injection (Port Fuel Injector) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the spark ignition engine or the GCI engine is a direct injection injection engine (DISI).
- DISI direct injection injection engine
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in a spark-ignition engine or in a direct injection GCI engine makes it possible to limit or avoid the formation at high temperature of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said motor or reduce existing deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine.
- the targeted deposits are located at the level of the injectors (GDI in English "Gasoline Direct Injector").
- the spark ignition engine or the GCI engine is an indirect injection engine.
- the targeted deposits are located at the level of the Intake Valve Deposit (IVD).
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in a spark-ignition engine or in a GCI engine with indirect injection also makes it possible to prevent and / or prevent and / or limit and / or delay the deposit formation, especially at low temperature, at the intake valves.
- the use of the additive composition according to the invention in a spark-ignition engine or in a GCI engine with indirect injection makes it possible to prevent and / or prevent and / or limit and / or delay the sticking phenomenon.
- valves in English "Valve Sticking").
- the deposits may consist of deposits related to the phenomenon of coking ("coking" in English) and / or deposits soap and / or varnish (in English "lacquering”).
- the use of the fuel additive composition as described above makes it possible, in comparison with the liquid fuel with no particular additive, to limit or avoid the formation of deposits on at least one type of deposits described above and / or reduce existing deposits on at least one type of deposits described above.
- the use of the fuel additive composition described above also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption of the spark ignition engine or the GCI engine.
- the use of the fuel additive composition described above also makes it possible to reduce pollutant emissions, in particular the particulate emissions of the spark ignition engine or the GCI engine.
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention makes it possible to reduce both the fuel consumption and the pollutant emissions.
- the fuel additive composition described above may be used alone or in admixture with other additives in the form of an additive concentrate.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention can be added to the liquid fuel in a refinery and / or be incorporated downstream of the refinery and / or optionally mixed with other additives in the form of a fuel.
- a concentrate of additives also called according to the use "additive package”.
- the fuel additive composition described above is used in admixture with an organic liquid in the form of a concentrate.
- a fuel concentrate comprises one or more copolymers (a), one or more Mannich bases (b) and optionally one or more carrier oils (c), as described above, mixed with an organic liquid.
- the organic liquid is inert with respect to the copolymer (s), the Mannich base (s) and the carrier oil (s) (c) described above and miscible in the liquid fuel. previously described.
- miscible means that the copolymer (a), the Mannich base (b), optionally the carrier oil (c) and the organic liquid form a solution or a dispersion so as to facilitate the mixing of the composition of the composition. fuel additives according to the invention in liquid fuels according to conventional fuel additive processes.
- the organic liquid is advantageously chosen from aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent sold under the name "SOLVESSO", alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds and paraffinic solvents such as hexane, pentane or isoparaffins. alone or in mixture.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent sold under the name "SOLVESSO”
- alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds such as hexane, pentane or isoparaffins. alone or in mixture.
- the concentrate may advantageously comprise from 5 to 99% by weight, preferably from 10 to 80%, more preferably from 25 to 70% of copolymer (a) as described above.
- the concentrate may typically comprise from 1 to 95% by weight, preferably from 10 to 70%, more preferably from 25 to 60% of organic liquid, the remainder corresponding to copolymer (a), Mannich base and optionally carrier oil (c), it being understood that the concentrate may comprise one or more copolymers (a), one or more Mannich bases (b) and optionally one or more carrier oils (c), as described above.
- solubility of the copolymer in the organic liquids and liquid fuels described above will depend in particular on the average molar masses by weight and by number, respectively M w and M n of the copolymer.
- the average molar masses M w and M n of the copolymer according to the invention will be chosen so that the copolymer is soluble in the liquid fuel and / or the organic liquid of the concentrate for which it is intended.
- the average molar masses M w and M n of the copolymer according to the invention can also have an influence on the effectiveness of the fuel additive composition according to the invention as a detergent additive.
- the average molar masses M w and M n will thus be chosen so as to optimize the effect of the copolymer according to the invention, in particular the detergency effect (engine cleanliness) in the liquid fuels described above.
- the copolymer (a) advantageously has a weight average molecular weight (M w ) ranging from 500 to 30,000 g. mol 1 , preferably from 1000 to 10,000 g. mol 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 4000 g. mol 1 , and / or a number average molar mass (Mn) ranging from 500 to 15,000 g. mol 1 , preferably from 1000 to 10,000 g. mol 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 4000 g. mol 1 .
- Mn number average molar mass
- the number and weight average molar masses are measured by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC).
- SEC Size Exclusion Chromatography
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is used in the form of an additive concentrate in combination with at least one other spark-ignition engine fuel additive or a GCI engine other than copolymer (a), Mannich base (b) and optional carrier oil (c), previously described.
- the additive concentrate may, typically, comprise one or more other additives selected from detergent additives different from the above-described copolymer (a) and Mannich base (b), among the anti-corrosion agents, the dispersants, demulsifiers, biocides, deodorants, friction modifiers, lubricant additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), anti-sedimentation agents, antiwear agents and conductivity modifiers.
- detergent additives different from the above-described copolymer (a) and Mannich base (b)
- the anti-corrosion agents the dispersants, demulsifiers, biocides, deodorants, friction modifiers, lubricant additives or lubricity additives
- combustion assistants catalytic combustion and soot promoters
- anti-sedimentation agents antiwear agents and conductivity modifiers.
- lubricity additives or antiwear agents in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and monocarboxylic acid derivatives and polycyclic.
- lubricity additives or antiwear agents in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and monocarboxylic acid derivatives and polycyclic. Examples of such additives are given in the following documents: EP 680506, EP 860494, WO 98/04656, EP 915944, FR 2772783, FR 2772784.
- detergent additives including (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of succinimides, polyetheramines, amines substituted by a polyalkenyl group and quaternary ammonium salts; for example those described in US 4,171, 959 and WO 2006/135881.
- additives are generally added in an amount ranging from 10 to 1000 ppm (each), preferably from 100 to 1000 ppm.
- the molar and / or mass ratio between the monomer (m b ) and the monomer (m a ) in the copolymer described above and / or between the blocks A and B when the copolymer is in blocks will be chosen so that the copolymer is soluble in the fuel and / or the organic liquid of the concentrate for which it is intended. Likewise, this ratio can be optimized according to the fuel and / or the organic liquid so as to obtain the best effect on engine cleanliness.
- the molar ratio between the monomer (m a ) and the monomer (m b ), or between the blocks A and B in molar percentage is preferably between 95: 5 and 50:50, more preferably between 90:10 and 75:25, still more preferably between 85:15 and 70:30.
- a fuel composition is prepared according to any known method by adding the liquid fuel described above with at least one fuel additive composition as described above.
- a fuel composition comprises:
- the fuel (1) is, in particular, chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels previously described, taken alone or as a mixture.
- this fuel composition comprising such a fuel additive composition in a spark ignition engine or in a GCI engine has an effect on the cleanliness of the engine compared to the liquid fuel not specially additive.
- the introduction, and especially the combustion, of this fuel composition makes it possible, in particular, to prevent and / or reduce the fouling of the internal parts of said engine.
- the introduction, and in particular combustion, of the fuel composition comprising such additive composition in a spark-ignition engine or in a GCI engine also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption and / or pollutant emissions.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is preferably incorporated in a small amount in the liquid fuel described above, the amount of additive composition being sufficient to produce a detergent effect as described above and thereby improve the cleanliness of the engine.
- the fuel composition comprises at least 1 ppm, preferably from 10 to 5 000 ppm, more preferably from 20 to 2000 ppm, in particular from 50 to 500 ppm of copolymer (s) (a), by weight relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition comprises from 1 to 1000 ppm, preferably from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 10 to 200 ppm, and still more preferably from 20 to 100 ppm of copolymer (s) ( a), in mass relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition advantageously comprises from 1 to 1000 ppm base (s) Mannich (b), by weight relative to the total mass of the fuel composition, preferably from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 50 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 100 to 300 ppm.
- the content of Mannich base (b) is less than or equal to 240 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition further comprises at least one carrier oil (c).
- the fuel composition comprises at least 10 ppm of carrier oil (c), by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel composition, preferably at least 20 ppm.
- the fuel composition comprises from 10 to 1000 ppm of carrier oil (c), the contents being expressed by weight relative to the total mass of the fuel composition, preferably from 20 to 500 ppm, more preferably 50 to 300 ppm.
- the fuel composition is devoid of carrier oil.
- the fuel composition may also comprise one or more other additives different from the copolymer (a), the Mannich base (s) and the optional carrier oil ( c) present in the fuel additive composition according to the invention.
- additives are chosen in particular from other known detergent additives, for example from anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, biocides, deodorants, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, agents and the like.
- combustion aids catalytic combustion promoters and soot
- anti-settling agents anti-wear agents and / or conductivity modifiers.
- the additives different from the copolymer (a), the Mannich base (b) and the carrier oil (c) present in the fuel additive composition according to the invention are, for example, the fuel additives listed in FIG. -above.
- a method of keeping clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaning (clean-up) of at least one of the internal parts of a spark ignition engine or a GCI engine includes the preparation of a composition of fuel by additivation of a fuel with a fuel additive composition as described above and introduction, and in particular combustion, of said fuel composition into the spark ignition engine or into the GCI engine.
- the inner part kept clean and / or cleaned of the spark ignition engine or GCI engine is preferably selected from the engine intake system, in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (IFP) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the engine intake system in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (IFP) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the keep-clean and / or clean-up method comprises the successive steps of:
- step b) incorporation into the fuel of the selected fuel additive composition at the rate determined in step a) and, optionally, the other fuel additives.
- the selection of the fuel additive composition corresponds more particularly to the selection on the one hand of one or more copolymers (a) as described above, on the other hand one or more Mannich bases (b) such as described above, and optionally of one or more carrier oils (c) defined above to prepare a fuel additive composition according to the invention.
- copolymer (s) (a), the Mannich base (s) (b) and the possible carrier oil (s) (c) may be incorporated into the fuel, alone or as a mixture, successively or simultaneously.
- the fuel additive composition may be used in the form of a concentrate or an additive concentrate as described above.
- Step a) is carried out according to any known method and is common practice in the field of additive fuel.
- This step involves defining at least one representative characteristic of the detergency properties of the fuel composition.
- the representative characteristic of the fuel's detergency properties will depend on the type of engine, for example by positive ignition or compression ignition (GCI engine), the type of direct or indirect fuel injection system and the location in the engine of the targeted deposits. for cleaning and / or maintaining cleanliness.
- the representative characteristic of the detergency properties may also correspond to the appearance of deposits inside or on the external parts of the injector.
- VW DISI VW DISI
- a method described in the article "Characterization of Gasoline Fuels in a DISI Engine", D. Weissenberger, J. Pibeam; 1 1 th international colloquium; June 27-27, 2017, p.97 (Technische Akademie Esslingen by Techn Akad, Esslingen, Ostfildern), for the evaluation of coking deposits on the injector, this method being cited as an example.
- a European standard for evaluating coking deposits on the injector is currently being developed on the basis of this method.
- Valves with indirect injection ie the ability of the latter to prevent and / or prevent and / or limit and / or delay the formation, especially at low temperature, of deposits level of the intake valves
- valve sticking ie the ability of the latter to prevent and / or prevent and / or limit and / or delay the formation, especially at low temperature, of deposits level of the intake valves
- the determination of the amount of copolymer (a), the amount of Mannich base (b), and the possible amount of carrier oil (c) to be added to the fuel composition to achieve the specification will typically be made by comparison. with the fuel composition but without the copolymer (a), without the Mannich base (b) and without the carrier oil (c).
- the determination of the amount of fuel additive composition to be added to the fuel composition to achieve the specification (step a) described above) will typically be performed by comparison with the fuel composition but without the copolymer (a), without the Mannich base (b) and without the carrier oil (c) present in the fuel additive composition according to the invention, the given specification relating to the detergency may for example be a target valve fouling value.
- the amount of copolymer (a), Mannich base (b) and carrier oil (c) may also vary depending on the nature and origin of the fuel, in particular as a function of the content of compounds with substituents n-alkyl, iso-alkyl or n-alkenyl. Thus, the nature and origin of the fuel may also be a factor to consider for step a).
- the keep-clean and / or clean-up method may also include an additional step after step b) of checking the target reached and / or adjusting the rate of additivation with the additive composition as a detergent additive.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention has remarkable properties as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel, particularly in a petrol fuel.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is particularly remarkable in particular because it is effective as a detergent additive for a wide range of liquid fuel and / or for one or more types of engine and / or against one or more types of fuel. deposit that form in the internal parts of spark ignition engines or a GCI engine.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is particularly effective in spark ignition engines or GCI engines, with direct injection to clean and limit the formation of deposits at the injectors but also in the ignition engines controlled or in GCI engines, with indirect injection to clean and limit the formation of deposits in the intake valves, thus avoiding engine damage.
- the copolymer is obtained by radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) according to the following protocol.
- RAFT reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer
- the chromatograph used is an UltiMate 300 HPLC marketed by Thermo Fischer.
- the stationary phase is a column of Symmetry Shield RP 18 type.
- the mobile phase consists of:
- the flow rate of the mobile phase is equal to 1 mL / min.
- the temperature of the oven is recorded at 40 ° C.
- the injection volume is 5 ⁇ L.
- the products are detected via a diode array detector.
- the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy analyzes are carried out in deuterated chloroform CDCl 3 with a BRUKER Avance III NMR spectrometer 400 MHz (1H Larmor frequency) operating under TopSpin 3.2: 13 C SEXI Omm probe with pulsed magnetic field gradient z and look 2 H operating at 300K and probe 1 H BBI 5mm with pulsed magnetic field gradient z and look 2 H operating at 300K.
- an external standard (1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene or TCNB) is used.
- the GPC analyzes are carried out in THF (tetrahydrofuran) using a WATERS Styragel type column operating at a temperature of 40 ° C. and at a pressure equal to 645 psi and equipped with an RI (refractive index) detector.
- the flow rate of THF is equal to 1 mL / min.
- M n The number average molar masses (M n ) are determined from calibration curves constructed from PMMA standards (poly (methyl methacrylate)). C-Copolymerization - Obtaining an EHA / ADAME Block Copolymer
- the AIBN solution is added to the EHA / CPDTTC mixture by means of a syringe previously purged with nitrogen.
- the reaction medium is stirred for 24 h at 70 ° C. under an inert atmosphere (N 2 ).
- reaction mixture 250 ⁇ l of the reaction mixture are taken at t 0 (just after the addition of GAIBN) and at t f (after 24h stirring) and are analyzed by HPLC to measure the content of residual monomers EHA present in the medium, before and after reaction.
- the ratio of the peak areas relative to the monomer EHA allows the determination of the conversion rate of the monomers EHA. In this case, the conversion rate of the monomers EHA is equal to 98%.
- the residual monomer levels of EHA and ADAME are determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and the relative composition of the copolymer (EHA / ADAME molar ratio) and the number of EHA and ADAME units by 13 C NMR. For the determination of residual monomer levels, the following are detected:
- ADAME for ADAME residual monomers, a main series of signals obtained for chemical shift values equal to 6.43 ppm, 6.15 ppm and 5.82 ppm (AMX system). The attribution of these signals to the monomers ADAME is confirmed by the observation of two triplets of comparable intensity obtained for chemical shift values equal to 4.3 ppm and 2.7 ppm and linked to the groups -OCH 2 and -NCH 2 of the residual monomer.
- the signal obtained at 22.8 ppm attributed to the CH 3 CH 2 grouping of the RAFT terminal group is used.
- an integral of 0.95 is obtained for the broad signal obtained at 180.6 ppm and bound to the -COOH group of the RAFT agent.
- reaction medium is stirred 24h at 60 ° C. After returning to ambient temperature, the solvent is evaporated to dryness.
- the block copolymer EHA / q-ADAME is obtained.
- the degree of quaternarization of the copolymer obtained is determined by 13 C NMR.
- the mass obtained around 70 ppm is assigned to CH 2 of the -CH 2 CHOHCH 2 CH 3 group located in the alpha position relative to the quaternized nitrogen atom.
- EHA / ADAME 86/114 determined above, and by comparing the integral of this mass with the integral of the characteristic signals of the carbons linked to the units EHA, an equal quaternization rate is determined. at 95%.
- additive A is a Mannich base as described in ⁇ [0040] of the document EP870819.
- HP carrier oil consists mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and propylene. This carrier oil is commercially available from CHEVRON ORONITE under the trade name OLOA 2509H.
- the C1 fuel is a RON 98 premium unleaded premium gasoline fuel containing 15% v / v of ETBE (ethyl tertiobutyl ether) and meeting the EN228 standard.
- ETBE ethyl tertiobutyl ether
- the C1 fuel is commercially available from the company TOTAL under the commercial brand Supercarburant SP98 E5.
- C1 fuel is a fuel conventionally used in European countries in which the climatic conditions favor the appearance of deposits at low temperature likely to cause the sticking of the valves. It is therefore a reference fuel for valve sticking tests.
- the C2 fuel is a CEC type RF12-09 gasoline fuel commercially available from Garrman.
- C2 fuel is a fuel known to those skilled in the art to lead to the formation of high temperature deposits. It is therefore a reference fuel for detergency tests carried out in the context of high temperature deposits.
- the C11 to C14 fuel compositions are prepared by additivation of the virgin gasoline fuel C1.
- the fuel compositions C21 to C24 are prepared by additivation of the virgin gasoline fuel C2.
- valve stickinq The ability of the fuel compositions C1 and C11 to C14 to cause the bonding of the valves of an indirect injection engine is evaluated according to CEC standard F16-96 (+ 5 ° C). The measurement is repeated 3 times. No sticking phenomenon of the valves is observed during the 3 tests carried out with the virgin fuel (composition C1).
- composition C11 the fuel composition additive with the additive A and the carrier oil HP results, in each of the three tests carried out, the gluing of the engine valves (composition C11).
- Additivation of the fuel with the copolymer obtained above significantly reduces the tendency of the fuel composition additive with the additive A and the carrier oil HP to cause the bonding of the valves (compositions C13 and C14).
- the detergency properties of the C2 and C21 to C24 fuel compositions are evaluated according to CEC standard F05-93.
- Additive fuel with additive A and HP carrier oil significantly reduces the amount of deposits (composition C21: 2 mg deposits per valve).
- the deposition mass formed at the injectors is divided by more than 160.
- the combination of the copolymer and the carrier oil does not therefore exhibit detergent activity under these test conditions.
- compositions C23 and C24 4 and 27 mg of deposits per valve respectively.
- the amount of deposition formed during the use of the C23 and C24 fuel compositions is reduced by more than 12-fold with respect to the non-additive C2 fuel, particularly more than 80-fold for the C23 composition.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1761696A FR3074498B1 (fr) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | Composition d’additifs pour carburant |
| PCT/FR2018/053096 WO2019110912A1 (fr) | 2017-12-06 | 2018-12-04 | Composition d'additifs pour carburant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3720933A1 true EP3720933A1 (fr) | 2020-10-14 |
Family
ID=61802073
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18836832.8A Withdrawn EP3720933A1 (fr) | 2017-12-06 | 2018-12-04 | Composition d'additifs pour carburant |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210171850A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3720933A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3074498B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019110912A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2425755A (en) | 1944-06-01 | 1947-08-19 | Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp | Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene monohydroxy compounds and methods of making such mixtures |
| US2425845A (en) | 1945-04-21 | 1947-08-19 | Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp | Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene diols and methods of making such mixtures |
| US2457139A (en) | 1946-02-26 | 1948-12-28 | Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp | Esters of polyoxyalkylene diols |
| GB1159368A (en) | 1965-09-02 | 1969-07-23 | Standard Oil Co | Substituted Phenols |
| DE2702604C2 (de) | 1977-01-22 | 1984-08-30 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Polyisobutene |
| US4171959A (en) | 1977-12-14 | 1979-10-23 | Texaco Inc. | Fuel composition containing quaternary ammonium salts of succinimides |
| US4238628A (en) | 1978-09-28 | 1980-12-09 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Polyalkylaromatics undegraded during alkylation |
| DE2904314A1 (de) | 1979-02-05 | 1980-08-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyisobutenen |
| US5300701A (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1994-04-05 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Process for the preparation of polyisobutyl hydroxyaromatics |
| GB9301119D0 (en) | 1993-01-21 | 1993-03-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Fuel composition |
| US5725612A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1998-03-10 | Ethyl Corporation | Additives for minimizing intake valve deposits, and their use |
| CA2259559C (fr) | 1996-07-10 | 2004-11-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polymerisation presentant des caracteristiques vivantes |
| FR2751982B1 (fr) | 1996-07-31 | 2000-03-03 | Elf Antar France | Additif d'onctuosite pour carburant moteurs et composition de carburants |
| GB9618546D0 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1996-10-16 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Dispersants/detergents for hydrocarbons fuels |
| US5730029A (en) | 1997-02-26 | 1998-03-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Esters derived from vegetable oils used as additives for fuels |
| BR9815179A (pt) | 1997-12-18 | 2000-10-10 | Du Pont | Processo para produzir um polìmero, polìmero, composição de revestimento e agente de transferência de cadeia. |
| FR2772783A1 (fr) | 1997-12-24 | 1999-06-25 | Elf Antar France | Additif d'onctuosite pour carburant |
| FR2772784B1 (fr) | 1997-12-24 | 2004-09-10 | Elf Antar France | Additif d'onctuosite pour carburant |
| US6048373A (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2000-04-11 | Ethyl Corporation | Fuels compositions containing polybutenes of narrow molecular weight distribution |
| DE19948114A1 (de) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-12 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung Polyisobutenphenol-haltiger Mannichaddukte |
| AUPQ679400A0 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2000-05-11 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Microgel synthesis |
| US6800103B2 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2004-10-05 | Ethyl Corporation | Secondary amine mannich detergents |
| JP2007522262A (ja) | 2003-06-26 | 2007-08-09 | シミックス・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド | フォトレジストポリマー |
| TWI329024B (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2010-08-21 | Suntory Holdings Ltd | Composition for skin, kit for skin and skin permeation enhancer |
| WO2005113612A1 (fr) | 2004-05-12 | 2005-12-01 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Procédé pour éliminer des groupes terminaux contenant du soufre |
| JP5561933B2 (ja) | 2005-06-16 | 2014-07-30 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | 燃料における使用のための四級アンモニウム塩洗浄剤 |
| US8557003B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2013-10-15 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Mannich detergents for hydrocarbon fuels |
| US9783752B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2017-10-10 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Mannich detergents for hydrocarbon fuels |
| EP2563822A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-03-06 | Basf Se | Terpolymère quaternisé |
| GB201007756D0 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2010-06-23 | Innospec Ltd | Composition, method and use |
| FR3041349B1 (fr) * | 2015-09-18 | 2020-01-24 | Total Marketing Services | Copolymere utilisable comme additif detergent pour carburant |
-
2017
- 2017-12-06 FR FR1761696A patent/FR3074498B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-12-04 WO PCT/FR2018/053096 patent/WO2019110912A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-12-04 US US16/770,754 patent/US20210171850A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-04 EP EP18836832.8A patent/EP3720933A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3074498B1 (fr) | 2020-09-11 |
| WO2019110912A1 (fr) | 2019-06-13 |
| US20210171850A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
| FR3074498A1 (fr) | 2019-06-07 |
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