EP3870684A1 - Association d'additifs pour carburant - Google Patents
Association d'additifs pour carburantInfo
- Publication number
- EP3870684A1 EP3870684A1 EP19787285.6A EP19787285A EP3870684A1 EP 3870684 A1 EP3870684 A1 EP 3870684A1 EP 19787285 A EP19787285 A EP 19787285A EP 3870684 A1 EP3870684 A1 EP 3870684A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- chosen
- fuel
- hydrocarbon
- copolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1808—C8-(meth)acrylate, e.g. isooctyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
- C08F2438/03—Use of a di- or tri-thiocarbonylthio compound, e.g. di- or tri-thioester, di- or tri-thiocarbamate, or a xanthate as chain transfer agent, e.g . Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer [RAFT] or Macromolecular Design via Interchange of Xanthates [MADIX]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/08—Inhibitors
- C10L2230/081—Anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/08—Inhibitors
- C10L2230/085—Metal deactivators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a combination of compounds as a metal passivator and / or as a metal deactivator in a liquid fuel composition of an internal combustion engine.
- the present invention also relates to a combination of compounds capable of being used as an antioxidant agent for liquid fuel and / or for maintaining and / or strengthening and / or prolonging the action of an antioxidant agent for liquid fuel.
- Liquid fuels for internal combustion engines contain components that can degrade during engine operation, with oxidation being one of the main causes of this degradation. Stable at the exit from refineries, freshly prepared fuels are little affected by this oxidation phenomenon. However, during their storage and following prolonged exposure to atmospheric oxygen, certain hydrocarbon compounds contained in fuels, in particular olefins and dienes, oxidize in the form of compounds and radicals of the type peroxides which, by chain reactions with the hydrocarbon compounds contained in the fuel, form insoluble sediments and gums.
- antioxidant additives capable of neutralizing the peroxide radicals formed by the oxidation of the fuel, the neutralization of the peroxide radicals making it possible to interrupt the chain reaction mechanisms.
- antioxidant additives are for example chosen from sterically hindered phenols, aromatic diamines, succinimide compounds such as polyisobutene succinimides and their mixtures.
- metal salts such as for example copper salts
- these metal salts act as catalysts for oxidation reactions and cause premature formation of gums and / or sediments.
- antioxidants are ineffective, as metal salts are known to deactivate antioxidants.
- the simultaneous presence of antioxidants and metal salts can also lead to an even greater acceleration of the fuel's oxidation kinetics.
- copper salts for example, the presence of antioxidant compounds in the fuel causes the reduction of copper ions (ll) to copper ions (l) whose catalytic activity on oxidation reactions is particularly important.
- the simultaneous presence of copper salts and antioxidant agents then results in the premature formation of insoluble gums compared to the fuel not specially additivated, which is the reverse of the effect initially sought.
- metal deactivator compounds also called “metal chelators”.
- metal deactivator compounds also called “metal chelators”.
- Engineers are also known to use, possibly in combination with a metal deactivator compound, compounds known as “metal passivators”. Capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of the internal parts of the engine, these compounds make it possible to isolate the metals present on the surface of the internal parts of the engine from the fuel composition and thus limit the production of metal ions and their involvement. in the oxidation reactions defined above. Limiting and / or preventing and / or reducing and / or delaying the oxidation phenomena occurring in fuels is essential for optimal operation of today's engines.
- the object of the present invention relates to the use of a combination of compounds as a metal deactivator and / or as a metal passivator in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- the object of the present invention also relates to a combination of compounds capable of being used in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine as an antioxidant agent and / or for maintaining and / or strengthening and / or prolonging the action of an agent antioxidant already present in liquid fuel.
- the US application 2016/326447 relates to a biodiesel stabilized with respect to oxidation by the addition of an additive in the form of a combination comprising:
- a solvent chosen from aprotic amides, cyclic ketals and / or dibasic esters.
- compositions of additives making it possible to improve the oxidation resistance and the engine performance of diesel oils used as diesel fuel.
- additive compositions comprise a metal passivator chosen from triazole derivatives, alone or as a mixture.
- Application WO 03/004476 describes benzotriazole compounds which can be used as metal deactivators in liquid fuels of internal combustion engines.
- Application US 2005/183325 describes the use of a composition comprising a succinimide-based dispersant and a copolymer of vinyl monomers to improve the conductivity of fuels.
- the subject of the invention relates first of all to the use as a metal deactivator and / or as a metal passivator in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine of a combination comprising at least:
- R-i ' represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from C 1 -C 34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 34 alkyl group, and
- R-i is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups, the group R possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups , and
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from triazoles and benzotriazoles, optionally substituted by a C 1 alkyl group
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from alkylamino triazoles. According to a third embodiment, the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from alkylamino benzotriazoles.
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from the succinimide triazoles.
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from bis-benzotriazoles.
- the invention also relates to an association comprising at least:
- R-i ’ is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from C 1 -C 34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 34 alkyl group, and
- R-i is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more groups hydroxyl, the group R possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups,
- a subject of the invention is also the use of the combination of at least one copolymer (a) and at least one hydrocarbon compound (b ') as defined above and in detail below as an additive antioxidant in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- the group G of formula (I) is selected from a C 4 -C 34, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl having at least one aromatic ring and at least one alkyl group -C 34, preferably C 4 -C 34 .
- the group G of formula (I) is a C 3 -C 3 alkyl.
- the group G of formula (I) is an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C -C 30 alkyl group.
- the group E of formula (I) is chosen from: -O- and -N (Z) -, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
- the group E of formula (I) is chosen from: -CO-O- and -CO-NH-, preferably the group E is the group -CO-O-, it being understood that the group E is linked to the vinyl carbon by the carbon atom.
- the quaternary ammonium group is chosen from quaternary ammoniums of pyrrolinium, pyridinium, imidazolium, triazolium, triazinium, oxazolium and isoxazolium.
- the quaternary ammonium group of formula (II) is chosen from quaternary ammoniums of trialkylammonium, minimium, amidinium, formamidinium, guanidinium and biguanidinium, preferably trialkylammonium.
- the group R of formula (II) is represented by one of the following formulas (III) and (IV):
- X is chosen from hydroxide ions, halides and organic anions, preferably organic anions,
- R 2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the R 2 group is linked to Q in formula (II),
- R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are identical or different and chosen, independently, from the C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the alkyl groups R 3 , R 4 and R 5 may contain one or more groups chosen from: a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a carbonyl group and the groups R 3 , R 4 and R 5 can be linked together in pairs to form one or more rings,
- R 6 and R 7 are identical or different and chosen independently from the C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the groups R 6 and R 7 may contain one or more groups chosen from: a nitrogen atom, a d atom oxygen and a carbonyl group and that the groups R 6 and R 7 can be linked together to form a ring.
- X is chosen from organic anions, preferably conjugated bases of carboxylic acids,
- R 2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 1 to C 8 alkyl groups ,
- R 3 , R and R 5 are identical or different and chosen, independently, from the chains C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbons, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that at least one of the groups R 3 , R 4 and R 5 contains at least one hydroxyl group.
- the group R 2 is represented by one of the following formulas (V) and (VI):
- R 8 is chosen from C 1 to C 32 hydrocarbon chains
- R 9 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl to C 6.
- the copolymer (a) is obtained by copolymerization of at least:
- Ri ’, u, E and G are as defined above,
- the monomer (m a ) is chosen from acrylates alkyl to C 34 alkyl methacrylates and Ci-C 34.
- the monomer (m b ) is obtained by reaction:
- a tertiary amine of formula NR 3 R 4 R 5 or R 6 N R 7 in which R 3 , R 4, R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are as defined above, and
- the copolymer (a) is chosen from block copolymers and random copolymers, preferably the copolymer is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer (a) is a block copolymer comprising:
- p is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, preferably ranging from 5 to 80, preferably ranging from 10 to 70, more preferably ranging from 20 to 60,
- Ri ’, u, E and G are as defined above,
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10,
- the block copolymer comprises at least:
- a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more monomers chosen from the monomers (m a ) of formula (VII), and
- the block copolymer comprises at least:
- Block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from a single monomer chosen from the monomers (m b ) of formula (VIII).
- the block copolymer comprises at least:
- block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from a C1-C34 alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ), and
- - block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl (meth) acrylate or (meth) acrylamide (m) monomer, the alkyl radical of which consists of a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of block A is from 2 to 100 moles.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m) of block B is from 2 to 50 moles.
- the copolymer comprises at least one block sequence AB, ABA or BAB where said blocks A and B are linked without the presence of an intermediate block of different chemical nature.
- the block copolymer is obtained by block polymerization, optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the intermediate polymer Pi also comprises at least one block A as defined above.
- the mass ratio between the copolymer (s) as defined above and the hydrocarbon compound (b) ranges from 5: 95 to 95: 5, preferably from 10: 90 to 90: 10.
- the combination as defined above and in detail below is in the form of an additive composition.
- the combination as defined above and in detail below is mixed with an organic liquid in the form of a fuel concentrate.
- said organic liquid is chosen from organic liquids which are inert with respect to the copolymer (s) (a) and the hydrocarbon compound (s) (b) and which are miscible with said fuel.
- association as defined above and in detail below is mixed with a fuel from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant sources and synthetic, in the form of a fuel composition.
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is present in the fuel composition as defined above and in detail below in an amount ranging from 1 to 1000 ppm, preferably ranging from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably ranging from 10 to 200 ppm, and even more preferably ranging from 20 to 100 ppm.
- the copolymer (a) is present in the fuel composition as defined above and in detail below in an amount ranging from 1 to 1000 ppm, preferably from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 10 at 200 ppm, and even more preferably ranging from 20 to 100 ppm.
- the fuel composition comprises at least 5 ppm of copolymer (s) (a).
- the fuel is chosen from hydrocarbon fuels, non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels and their mixtures.
- the hydrocarbon fuel is chosen from gasolines and diesel oils also called diesel fuel.
- the internal combustion engine is a petrol engine, preferably a spark-ignition engine.
- the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, preferably chosen from diesel engines with direct injection and diesel engines with indirect injection.
- the combination as defined above and in detail below is used in liquid fuel to limit and / or prevent and / or reduce and / or delay the oxidation of a fuel composition for engine to internal combustion.
- the combination as defined above and in detail below is used in liquid fuel to limit and / or prevent and / or reduce and / or delay the formation of gums and sediments in the composition fuel.
- the combination as defined above and in detail below is used to limit and / or prevent and / or reduce and / or delay the obstruction of the filters of a motor to internal combustion, including fuel filters.
- the combination as defined above and in detail below is used to prevent and / or reduce and / or limit and / or delay the coloring of the liquid fuel.
- the combination as defined above and in detail below is used to prevent and / or reduce and / or limit and / or delay the acidification of the liquid fuel.
- the combination as defined above and in detail below further comprises at least one antioxidant additive.
- the combination is used to maintain and / or strengthen and / or prolong the action of the antioxidant additive (s).
- the invention also relates to a process for preventing and / or reducing and / or limiting and / or delaying the oxidation of a liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine, this process comprising at least the following steps:
- R-i ’ is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from C 1 -C 34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 34 alkyl group, and
- R-i is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR’- with R ’being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups, the group R possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups , and
- the invention relates to a process for maintaining and / or strengthening and / or prolonging the action of an antioxidant agent present in a liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine, this process comprising at least the following steps:
- R-i ’ is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from C 1 -C 34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 34 alkyl group, and
- R-i is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups, the group R possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups , and
- alkyl (meth) acrylamide to denote an alkyl acrylamide or a methacrylamide alkyl ((meth) acrylamide), and
- motif is meant within the meaning of the invention a group of atoms constituting a part of the structure of the copolymer and corresponding to a monomer used in the synthesis of the copolymer.
- association is meant within the meaning of the invention a preparation comprising two or more products, presented in the form of a ready-to-use specialty.
- the products can be used simultaneously in admixture, or extemporaneously in the form of a kit, i.e. mixed at the time of use by the user himself.
- the invention relates to the use as a metal deactivator and / or as a metal passivator in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine of a combination comprising at least:
- R-i ' represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably R-i' is a hydrogen atom,
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from C 1 -C 34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C 34 alkyl group, and
- R-i is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR’- with R ’being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups, the group R possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups .
- the invention also relates to an association comprising at least:
- R-i ’ is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- E -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH-, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group ,
- G represents a group chosen from C 1 -C 34 alkyl, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C r C 34 alkyl group, and
- R-i is chosen from the hydrogen atom and the methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR’- with R ’being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R comprises a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least one quaternary ammonium group and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups, the group R possibly also containing one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups ,
- the units of formula (I) and the units of formula (II) defined above represent at least 70 mol% of the copolymer (a), relative to the total number of moles of units entering the composition of the copolymer (a), preferably at least 80 mol%, more preferably at least 90 mol%, even more preferably at least 95 mol%, and advantageously at least 98 mol%.
- the copolymer (a) only comprises units of formula (I) and units of formula (II).
- the copolymer (a) is chosen from block or random copolymers.
- the copolymer (a) is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer (a) is block.
- the group E of formula (I) is chosen from:
- Z is H or an alkyl group Ci-C 6 linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic,
- the group E of formula (I) is chosen from: -O- and -N (Z) -, with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
- the group E of formula (I) is chosen from: - O-CO- and -NH-CO-, it being understood that the group E — O-CO- is linked to the vinyl carbon by l atom of oxygen and that the group E-NH-CO- is linked to the vinyl carbon by the nitrogen atom.
- the group E of formula (I) is preferably the group -O-CO-, it being understood that the group -O-CO- is linked to the vinyl carbon by the oxygen atom.
- the group E of formula (I) is chosen from: -CO-O- and -CO-NH-, it being understood that the group E is linked to the vinyl carbon by the carbon atom.
- the group E of formula (I) is preferably the group -CO-O-, it being understood that the group -CO-O- is linked to the vinyl carbon by the carbon atom.
- the group (G) of the formula (I) may be a C1-C34, preferably an alkyl radical C4-C34, preferably C4-C30, more preferably C 6 -C 2 4, more preferably in C 8 to Ci 8 .
- the alkyl radical is a linear or branched radical, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic. This alkyl radical can comprise a linear or branched part and a cyclic part.
- the group (G) of formula (I) is advantageously a C1-C34 acyclic alkyl, preferably a C4-C34, preferably C4-C30, more preferably C 6 -C 2 4 alkyl radical, even more preferably C 8 to C 8 , linear or branched, preferably branched.
- alkyl groups such as butyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, ethyl-2-hexyl, isooctyl, isodecyl and isododecyl.
- the group (G) of formula (I) can also be an aromatic ring, preferably a phenyl or aryl group.
- aromatic groups non-limiting mention may be made of the phenyl or naphthyl group, preferably the phenyl group.
- the group (G) of formula (I) can, according to another preferred variant, be an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C1-C34 alkyl group.
- the group (G) is an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and one or more C 4 -C 34 , preferably C4-C30, more preferably C 6 -C 24 , alkyl groups, even more preferably in C 8 to Ci 8 .
- the aromatic ring can be mono-substituted or be substituted on several of its carbon atoms.
- the aromatic nucleus is monosubstituted.
- the C1-C34 alkyl group may be in the ortho, meta or para position on the aromatic ring, preferably in para.
- the alkyl radical is a linear or branched radical, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably an acyclic radical, linear or branched, preferably branched.
- the aromatic ring can be directly linked to the group E or to vinyl carbon, but it can also be linked to it via an alkyl substituent.
- group G Mention may be made, by way of example of group G, of a benzyl group substituted in para with a C4-C34, preferably C4-C30 alkyl group.
- the group (G) of formula (I) is an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 4 -C 34 , preferably C 4 -C 30, alkyl group, more preferably in C 6 -C 2 4, even more preferably in C 8 to Ci 8 .
- the group Q of formula (II) is the oxygen atom.
- the group R of formula (II) comprises a quaternary ammonium group and one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the group R is chosen from groups having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternization of a primary, secondary or tertiary amine according to any known process.
- the group R can, in particular, be chosen from groups having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternization of at least one amine, imine, amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine or biguanidine function; heterocyclic groups having 3 to 34 atoms and at least one nitrogen atom.
- the group R is chosen from groups having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternization of a tertiary amine.
- the group R of formula (II) is represented by one of the following formulas (III) and (IV):
- X is chosen from hydroxide ions, halides and organic anions, in particular acetate ion,
- R 2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 1 to C 8 , more preferably C 1 to C 8 , even more preferably C 2 to C 4 , cyclic or acyclic, linear or branched, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group; preferably R 2 is chosen from alkyl groups, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the group R 2 is linked to the group Q in formula (II),
- R 3 , R and R 5 are identical or different and chosen, independently, from the C 1 to C 8 , preferably C 1 to C 2 , linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the alkyl groups R 3 , R 4 and R 5 may contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups and may be linked together in pairs to form one or more rings,
- R 6 and R 7 are identical or different and chosen, independently, from the C 1 to C 8 , preferably C 1 to C 2 , linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the groups R 6 and R 7 may contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups and may be linked together to form a ring.
- the nitrogen and / or oxygen atom (s) may be present in the groups R 3 , R and R 5 IN the form of ether bridges, amine bridges or in the form of an amine or hydroxyl substituent.
- the organic anions of group X are advantageously the conjugate bases of organic acids, preferably the conjugate bases of carboxylic acids, in particular the acids chosen from monocarboxylic, polycarboxylic, cyclic or acyclic acids.
- the organic anions of group X are chosen from the conjugate bases of saturated acyclic or aromatic cyclic carboxylic acids.
- methanoic acid, acetic acid, adipic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid are advantageously the conjugate bases of organic acids, preferably the conjugate bases of carboxylic acids, in particular the acids chosen from monocarboxylic, polycarboxylic, cyclic or acyclic acids.
- the organic anions of group X are chosen from the conjugate bases of saturated acyclic or aromatic cyclic carboxylic acids.
- methanoic acid acetic acid, adipic acid
- the group R 2 is chosen from acyclic C1 to C 34 alkyl groups, preferably to Ci to Ci 8 , more preferably to Ci to C 8 , even more preferably to C 2 to C 4 , linear or branched, substituted by at least one hydroxyl group.
- the group R of formula (II) comprises a hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least one quaternary ammonium group and one or more hydroxyl groups.
- X is chosen from organic anions, preferably conjugated bases of carboxylic acids,
- R 2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 1 to C 8 alkyl groups ,
- R 3 , R and R 5 are identical or different and chosen, independently, from the C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbon chains, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that at least one of the groups R 3 , R and R 5 contains at least one hydroxyl group.
- the group R 2 is represented by one of the following formulas (V) and (VI): bond with
- R 8 is chosen from C 1 to C 32 , preferably C 1 to C 6 hydrocarbon chains, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic, linear or branched, preferably alkyl groups,
- R 9 is chosen from hydrogen and C 1 to C 6, C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups , more preferably hydrogen. According to a particular embodiment, the unit of formula (I) is obtained from a monomer (m a ).
- the monomer (m a ) corresponds to the following formula (VII):
- Ri ', E, G and u are as defined above, the preferred variants of Ri', E, G and u according to formula (I) as defined above are also preferred variants of formula (VII ).
- the group R-i ’ is a hydrogen atom.
- the monomer (m a ) is, preferably chosen from C 1 -C 34 vinyl alkyl esters, preferably C 4 to C 3 o, more preferably C 6 to C 24, more preferably C 8 to C 22 .
- the alkyl radical of the vinyl alkyl ester is linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- vinyl ester alkyl monomers that may be mentioned, for example, vinyl octanoate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl dodecanoate, vinyl tetradecanoate, vinyl hexadecanoate, vinyl octodecanoate, docosanoate of vinyl, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate.
- the monomer (m a ) is, of preferably chosen from C 1 to C 34 , preferably C 4 to C 30 alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, more preferably C 6 to C 24, more preferably C 8 to C 22 .
- the alkyl radical of the acrylate or methacrylate is linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates which can be used in the manufacture of copolymer of the invention, there may be mentioned, without limitation: n-octyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-decyl acrylate, n-decyl methacrylate, n acrylate -dodecyl, n-dodecyl methacrylate, ethyl-2-hexyl acrylate, ethyl-2-hexyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate , isodecyl methacrylate.
- the unit of formula (II) is obtained from a monomer (m b ).
- the monomer (m b ) is chosen from those of formula (VIII):
- Ri Ri
- Q and R are as defined above, the preferred variants of Ri”, Q and R according to formula (II) as defined above are also preferred variants of formula (VIII).
- the monomer (m) is represented by one of the following formulas (IX) and (X):
- R1 "and Q are as defined above, the preferred variants of R1" and Q according to formula (II) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (IX) and (X),
- X, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are as defined above, the preferred variants of X, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 according to formulas (III) and (IV) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (IX) and (X).
- the copolymer (a) can be obtained by copolymerization of at least one monomer (m a ) and at least one monomer (m b ).
- At least 70 mol% of the monomers used for the preparation of the copolymer (a) are chosen from the monomers (m a ) and the monomers (m b ) defined above, preferably at least 80 % by moles, more preferably at least 90% by moles, even more preferably at least 95% by moles, and advantageously at least 98% by moles.
- the copolymer (a) is obtained only from monomers (m a ) and monomers (m).
- the copolymer (a) can be prepared according to any known method of polymerization.
- the various techniques and conditions of polymerization are widely described in the literature and fall within the general knowledge of those skilled in the art.
- the copolymer (a) is a block copolymer comprising at least one block A and at least one block B.
- Block A corresponds to the following formula (XI):
- p is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, preferably from 5 to 80, preferably from 10 to 70, more preferably from 20 to 60.
- Ri ', E, G and u are as defined above, the preferred variants of Ri', E, G and u according to formula (I) as defined above are also preferred variants of formula (XI ).
- Block B responds to the following formula (XII):
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10,
- Ri Ri
- Q and R are as defined above, the preferred variants of Ri”, Q and R according to formula (II) as defined above are also preferred variants of formula (XII).
- block B is represented by one of the following formulas (XIII) and (XIV):
- n, Q and R- ⁇ are as described above, the preferred variants of n, Q and R- ⁇ ” according to formulas (II) and (XII) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (XIII) and (XIV),
- X, R2, R3, R 4 , R5, R6 and R 7 are as defined above, the preferred variants of X, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R5, R6 and R 7 according to formulas (III) and (IV) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (XIII) and (XIV).
- the block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer (m a ) as described above.
- the block B consists of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer (m b ) as described above.
- the block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate monomer (m a ) and the block B corresponds to the formula (XII) described above .
- the block copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) and at least the monomer (m b ).
- the units deriving from a monomer (m a ) can be obtained from vinyl alcohol or acrylic acid, respectively by transesterification or amidation reaction.
- the block copolymer can be obtained by block polymerization, preferably by block and controlled polymerization and, optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the block copolymer described above is obtained by block and controlled polymerization.
- the polymerization is advantageously chosen from controlled radical polymerization; for example, by atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP in English "Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization”); radical polymerization with nitroxide (NMP in English “Nitroxide-mediated polymerization”); degenerative transfer processes (in English “degenerative transfer processes") such as iodine transfer polymerization degenerative (in English "ITRP-iodine transfer radical polymerization") or radical polymerization by reversible chain transfer by addition-fragmentation (RAFT in English "Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer”); polymerizations derived from ATRP such as polymerizations using initiators for continuous regeneration of the activator (ICAR -Initiators for continuous activator regeneration) or using activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET in English "activators regenerated by electron transfer ”).
- ATRP atomic transfer radical polymerization
- NMP radical polymer
- NMP NMP
- CJ Hawker of an alkoxyamine capable of acting as a unimolecular agent, providing both the reactive initiating radical and the intermediate nitroxide radical in stable form
- Hawker has also developed a universal NMP initiator (D. Benoit et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 3904).
- RAFT Radical polymerization by reversible chain transfer by addition-fragmentation
- CSIRO Australian body of scientific research CSIRO
- the RAFT technique was very quickly the subject of intensive research on the part of the scientific community insofar as it allows the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, in particular block, graft, comb or even all-star structures by allowing the molecular mass of the macromolecules obtained to be controlled (G. Moad et al., Aust. J. Chem, 2005, 58, 379).
- RAFT polymerization can be applied to a very wide range of vinyl monomers and under various experimental conditions, including for the preparation of water-soluble materials (CL McCormick et al., Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 312).
- the RAFT process includes the conventional radical polymerization of a substituted monomer in the presence of a suitable chain transfer agent (RAFT agent or CTA in English "Chain Transfer Agent”).
- RAFT agent thiocarbonylthio compounds
- RTA Mayadunne et al., Macromolecules, 1999, 32, 6977; M.
- RAFT agent allows the synthesis of polymers having a high degree of functionality and having a narrow distribution of molecular weights, that is to say a low polydispersity index (PDI in English "Polydispersity index”) .
- the sequenced and controlled polymerization is typically carried out in a solvent, under an inert atmosphere, at a reaction temperature generally ranging from 0 to 200 ° C, preferably from 50 ° C to 130 ° C.
- the solvent can be chosen from polar solvents, in particular ethers such as anisole (methoxybenzene) or tetrahydrofuran or non-polar solvents, in particular, paraffins, cycloparaffins, aromatics and alkylaromatics having from 1 to 19 atoms of carbon, for example, benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-butene, n-hexane, n-heptane and the like.
- the reaction is generally carried out under vacuum in the presence of an initiator, a ligand and a catalyst.
- a ligand mention may be made of N, N, N ', N ”, N” -Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), 1, 1, 4,7, 10, 10-hexamethyltriethylene-tetramine (HMTETA), 2,2'-Bipyridine (BPY) and Tris (2-pyridylmethyl) amine (TPMA).
- the ATRP polymerization is preferably carried out in a solvent chosen from polar solvents.
- the equivalent numbers of monomer (m a ) of block A and of monomer (m b ) of block B reacted during the polymerization reaction can be identical or different.
- number of equivalents means the quantities of material (in moles) of the monomers (m a ) of block A and of the monomers (m b ) of block B, used during the reaction of polymerization.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of block A is preferably from 2 to 100 eq, preferably from 5 to 80 eq, preferably from 10 to 70 eq, more preferably from 20 to 60 eq.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m b ) of block B is preferably from 2 to 50 eq, preferably from 3 to 40 eq, more preferably from 4 to 20 eq, even more preferably from 5 to 10 eq .
- the number of equivalents of monomer (m a ) of block A is advantageously greater than or equal to that of the monomer (m b ) of block B.
- the number of equivalents of monomer (m a ) of the block A is between 20 and 60 moles, and G is chosen from C 4 to C 30 hydrocarbon chains.
- the number of equivalents of monomer (m a ) of block A is between 20 and 60 moles, and G is chosen from C 4 to C 3 o hydrocarbon chains, and the copolymer has a number average molecular weight (M n ) ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 g. mol 1 .
- the molar mass by weight M w of the block A or of the block B is preferably less than or equal to 15,000 g. mol 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 10,000 g. mol 1 .
- the block copolymer advantageously comprises at least one block sequence AB, ABA or BAB where said blocks A and B are linked without the presence of an intermediate block of different chemical nature.
- blocks may possibly be present in the block copolymer described above insofar as these blocks do not fundamentally change the character of the block copolymer.
- block copolymers containing only blocks A and B will be preferred.
- a and B represent at least 70% by mass, preferably at least 90% by mass, more preferably at least 95% by mass, even more preferably at least 99% by mass of the block copolymer.
- the block copolymer is a sequenced copolymer.
- the block copolymer is a triblock copolymer with alternating blocks comprising two blocks A and a block B (ABA) or comprising two blocks B and a block A (BAB).
- the block copolymer also comprises a terminal chain I consisting of a hydrocarbon chain, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, in C1 to C32, preferably in C 4 to C 24, more preferably in C10 to C 24.
- cyclic hydrocarbon chain is understood to mean a hydrocarbon chain of which at least part is cyclic, in particular aromatic. This definition does not exclude hydrocarbon chains comprising both an acyclic part and a cyclic part.
- the terminal chain I can comprise an aromatic hydrocarbon chain, for example benzene and / or a hydrocarbon chain, saturated and acyclic, linear or branched, in particular an alkyl chain.
- the terminal chain I is preferably chosen from alkyl chains, preferably linear, more preferably alkyl chains of at least 4 carbon atoms, even more preferably of at least 12 carbon atoms.
- the terminal chain I is located in the terminal position of the block copolymer. It can be introduced into the block copolymer using the polymerization initiator.
- the terminal chain I can advantageously constitute at least part of the polymerization initiator and is positioned within the polymerization initiator so as to allow the introduction, during the first initiation step of the polymerization , the terminal chain I in the terminal position of the block copolymer.
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, chosen from the free radical initiators used in the ATRP polymerization process. These free radical initiators well known to those skilled in the art are described in particular in the article "Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: current status and future perspectives, Macromolecules, 45, 4015-4039, 2012 ”.
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, chosen from alkyl esters of carboxylic acid substituted with a halide, preferably a bromine in the alpha position, for example, ethyl 2-bromopropionate, a-bromoisobutyrate ethyl, benzyl chloride or bromide, ethyl a-bromophenylacetate and chloroethylbenzene.
- ethyl 2-bromopropionate may make it possible to introduce into the copolymer the terminal chain I in the form of a C 2 alkyl chain and the benzyl bromide in the form of a benzyl group.
- the transfer agent can conventionally be removed from the copolymer at the end of polymerization according to any known process.
- the terminal chain I can also be obtained in the copolymer by RAFT polymerization according to the methods described in the article by Moad, G. and co., Australian Journal of Chemistry, 2012, 65, 985-1076.
- the terminal chain I can, for example, be modified by aminolysis when a transfer agent is used to give a thiol function.
- transfer agents of the thiocarbonylthio, dithiocarbonate, xanthate, dithiocarbamate and trithiocarbonate type for example S, S 0 -dibenzyl trithiocarbonate (DBTTC), S, S-bis (a, a ' -dimethyl-a ”-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (BDMAT) or 2-cyano-2-propyl benzodithioate (CPD).
- the transfer agent can be cleaved at the end of polymerization by reacting a cleavage agent such as C 2 -C 6 alkylamines, the terminal function of the copolymer can in this case be a thiol -SH group .
- the sulfur of the copolymer obtained by RAFT polymerization introduced by the sulfur transfer agent such as thiocarbonylthio, dithiocarbonate, xanthate, dithiocarbamate and trithiocarbonate, can be transformed in order to remove the sulfur of the copolymer.
- the block copolymer is a sequenced copolymer (also called diblocks).
- the block copolymer structure can be of the IAB or IBA type, advantageously IAB.
- the terminal chain I can be directly linked to block A or B according to the structure respectively IAB or IBA or, be linked via a linking group, for example, an ester, amide, amine or ether function.
- the linking group then forms a bridge between the terminal chain I and the block A or B.
- the block copolymer can also be functionalized at the end of the chain according to any known process, in particular by hydrolysis, aminolysis and / or nucleophilic substitution.
- aminolysis any chemical reaction in which a molecule is split into two parts by reaction of an ammonia molecule or an amine.
- a general example of aminolysis consists in replacing a halogen of an alkyl group by reaction with an amine, with elimination of hydrogen halide.
- Aminolysis can be used, for example, for an ATRP polymerization which produces a copolymer having a halide in the terminal position or for a RAFT polymerization to transform the thio, dithio or trithio bond introduced into the copolymer by the RAFT transfer agent into thiol function.
- the terminal chain I ′ advantageously comprises a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, C 1 to C 32 , preferably C 1 to C 24 , more preferably C 1 to C 10 , even more preferably an alkyl group, optionally substituted by one or more groups containing at least one heteroatom chosen from N and O, preferably N.
- this functionalization can, for example, be carried out by treating the IAB or IBA copolymer obtained by ATRP with a primary C1 to C 32 alkylamine or a C1 to C 32 alcohol under conditions soft so as not to modify the functions present on blocks A, B and I.
- the quaternary ammonium group of block B described above can be acyclic or cyclic.
- the acyclic quaternary ammonium group is advantageously chosen from quaternary ammoniums of trialkylammonium, iminium, amidinium, formamidinium, guanidinium and biguanidinium, preferably trialkylammonium.
- the cyclic quaternary ammonium group is advantageously chosen from heterocyclic compounds containing at least one nitrogen atom, in particular chosen from quaternary ammoniums of pyrrolinium, pyridinium, imidazolium, triazolium, triazinium, oxazolium and isoxazolium.
- the quaternary ammonium group in block B is advantageously a quaternary ammonium, even more advantageously a quaternary trialkylammonium.
- At least one of the alkyl groups of the quaternary ammonium of block B is substituted by a hydroxyl group.
- the block B is preferably derived from a monomer (m b ) obtained by reaction:
- a tertiary amine of formula NR 3 R 4 R 5 or R 6 N R 7 in which R 3 , R 4, R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are as described above, and
- Q, Ri ”, R 8 and R 9 are as described above, the preferred variants of Q, Ri”, R 8 and R 9 according to formulas (II), (V) and (VI) as defined above above are also preferred variants of the formula (XV).
- block B is obtained by post-functionalization of an intermediate polymer Pi comprising at least one block P of formula (XVI) below:
- Ri n, Q, R 8 and R 9
- the preferred variants of Ri”, n, Q, R 8 and R 9 according to formulas (II), (V), (VI) and (XII) as defined above are also preferred variants of formula (XVI).
- the tertiary amine can, for example, be chosen from acyclic tertiary amines, preferably trialkylamines, guanidines and quaternizable imines.
- the tertiary amine is preferably selected from trialkylamines, especially those whose alkyl groups are identical or different and independently selected from alkyl Cl to C 8, preferably C, to C 12, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- the tertiary amine can be chosen from cyclic tertiary amines, preferably pyrrolines, pyridines, imidazoles, triazoles, guanidines, imines, triazines, oxazoles and quaternizable isoxazoles.
- the intermediate polymer Pi can also comprise at least one block A as described above.
- the quaternization step can be carried out before the copolymerization reaction, on an intermediate monomer carrying the tertiary amine for example, by reaction with an alkyl halide or an epoxide (oxirane) according to any known process, optionally followed by a anion exchange reaction.
- an alkyl halide or an epoxide (oxirane) according to any known process, optionally followed by a anion exchange reaction.
- the quaternization step can also be carried out by post-functionalization of an intermediate polymer carrying the tertiary amine, for example, by reaction with an alkyl halide optionally followed by an anion exchange reaction. Mention may be made, as an example of quaternization, of a post-functionalization reaction of an intermediate polymer carrying the tertiary amine, by reaction with an epoxide (oxirane) according to all known process.
- an epoxide oxirane
- the combination of fuel additives as described above also comprises at least one hydrocarbon compound comprising at least one triazole group and optionally one or more heteroatoms distinct from the nitrogen atoms forming the triazole group.
- the triazole compounds are heterocyclic compounds comprising two double bonds and corresponding to the general formula C2H3N3.
- the triazole family consists of 4 compounds which differ in the arrangement of the three nitrogen atoms and the two double bonds along the heterocycle. These four compounds are represented by the following formulas:
- triazole group is meant within the meaning of the invention a heterocyclic group obtained from a triazole compound, in particular by the substitution of one or more of its hydrogen atoms.
- a triazole group within the meaning of the invention consists of a 5-membered heterocycle (chain atoms) comprising 2 carbon atoms, 3 nitrogen atoms and two double bonds, said heterocycle possibly being substituted.
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) comprises:
- hydrocarbon compound (b) possibly being substituted by an oligomer chain comprising up to 500 carbon atoms.
- the heteroatom (s) distinct from the nitrogen atoms present in the triazole group are preferably chosen, independently, from a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom.
- hydrocarbon compound (b) corresponds to the following formula (XVII):
- - A represents a mono- or polycyclic group in C 2 -C 2 o comprising at least one triazole group, said group A being optionally substituted by an alkyl group in CrC 2o , linear or branched, or a carboxylic acid group (-C0 2 H), and
- - Rio represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms and possibly up to 5 heteroatoms
- said Rio group possibly being substituted by an oligomer chain comprising up to 500 carbon atoms.
- the Rio group is directly linked, without an intermediate group, to the triazole ring present in group A.
- the Rio group is directly linked to a carbon atom of the triazole ring or to a nitrogen atom of the triazole ring.
- the heteroatom (s) possibly present in the Rio group are preferably chosen, independently, from a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom.
- the group A represents a triazole group, optionally substituted by an alkyl group in CrC 20 , linear or branched or by a carboxylic acid group (-C0 2 H).
- the group A derives from 1 / - / - 1, 2,4-triazole.
- hydrocarbon compound (b) responds to one of the following formulas (XVII la) and (XVII Ib):
- the group A represents a polycyclic C 2 -C 2 o group comprising at least one triazole group, said group A being optionally substituted by a linear or branched C 1 -C 20 alkyl group.
- A represents a condensed polycyclic group.
- condensed polycyclic group is meant within the meaning of the invention a hydrocarbon group comprising at least two adjacent rings comprising two atoms in common.
- the two adjacent cycles are in particular two heterocycles or a hydrocarbon cycle and a heterocycle.
- the group A is a condensed bicyclic group.
- the group A comprises at least:
- hydrocarbon ring C 5 -C 20 optionally substituted by an alkyl group Ci-C 20 linear or branched,
- said hydrocarbon ring comprising two atoms in common with the triazole ring.
- the group A is a benzotriazole group, optionally substituted by a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group.
- the substituent alkyl group is preferably linked to the phenyl group.
- the substituent alkyl group is preferably chosen from C 1 -C 10 alkyl groups, more preferably C 1 -C 5 alkyl groups, even more preferably is a methyl group.
- the group R 10 is directly linked to a nitrogen atom of the triazole group.
- hydrocarbon compound (b) corresponds to the following formula (XIX):
- the group R 10 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms and optionally up to 5 heteroatoms, said group R 10 possibly being substituted by an oligomer chain comprising up to 500 atoms of carbon.
- the group R 10 comprises at least one heteroatom, preferably at least one nitrogen atom.
- the group R 10 corresponds to the following formula (XXI):
- - q is an integer ranging from 0 to 5
- - Ru and R 12 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group in CrC 30 , linear or branched or Ru and R 12 together form a cyclic group in C 3 -C 6 o optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms ,
- said cyclic group possibly being substituted by an oligomer chain comprising up to 500 carbon atoms.
- the group R 10 is chosen from the groups alkylamine.
- the group R 10 is directly linked to a nitrogen atom of the triazole group.
- q ranges from 1 to 5, more preferably from 1 to 3, even more preferably q is equal to 1.
- Ru and the groups R 12 represent, independently, an atom of "hydrogen or an alkyl group Ci-C 30 linear or branched.
- Ru and R 12 groups is chosen from C1-C30 alkyl groups, it is preferably chosen from CrC 20 alkyl groups, more preferably from C5-C15, even more preferably from C5 -C10.
- Ru and R 12 groups is chosen from C1-C30 alkyl groups, it is preferably chosen from branched alkyl groups.
- At least one of the Ru and R 12 groups is a C1-C30 alkyl group.
- the groups Ru and R 12 are identical. Even more advantageously, the Ru and R 12 groups are two 2-ethylhexyl groups.
- the group R 10 comprises at least one oxygen atom, preferably at least two oxygen atoms.
- the group R 10 comprises at least one imide function.
- An imide group is represented by the following formula:
- the group R 10 is chosen from succinimide groups.
- the group R 10 is directly linked to a carbon atom of the triazole group.
- the group R 10 corresponds to the following formula (XXII):
- - R13 represents a C 8 -C 5 oo hydrocarbon chain, preferably C12-C150 ⁇
- q 0.
- R13 is as defined in formula (XXII).
- the group R 13 represents a polyisobutene chain.
- the polyisobutene chain has a number-average molecular mass ranging from 200 to 5000 g / mol, preferably from 4000 to 3000 g / mol, more preferably from 500 to 2500 g / mol, even more preferably from 800 to 1500 g / mol, the mass molecular by number being determined by gel permeation chromatography (CPG) also called steric exclusion chromatography (CES), from the starting polymer.
- CPG gel permeation chromatography
- CES steric exclusion chromatography
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is selected from triazoles and benzotriazoles, optionally substituted with one alkyl group Cr 2 C o linear or branched.
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from triazole compounds and tolyltriazole compounds of formula (XX) below:
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from the tolyltriazole compounds of formula (XX) defined above.
- Vanlube® 887 sold by the company VANDERBILT CHEMICALS (CAS No: 29385-43-1).
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from alkylamino triazoles.
- hydrocarbon compound (b) corresponds to the following formula (XXIV):
- - Ru and R represent, independently, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group Ci-C 30 linear or branched.
- q ranges from 1 to 5, more preferably from 1 to 3, even more preferably is equal to 1.
- the Ru and R 12 groups independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl group.
- Ru and R 12 groups is chosen from C1-C30 alkyl groups, it is preferably chosen from CrC 20 alkyl groups, more preferably from C5-C15, even more preferably from C5 -C10.
- Ru and R 12 groups is chosen from C1-C30 alkyl groups, it is preferably chosen from branched alkyl groups.
- At least one of the Ru and R 12 groups is a C1-C30 alkyl group.
- the groups Ru and R 12 are identical.
- the Ru and R 12 groups are two 2-ethyl-hexyl groups.
- hydrocarbon compound (b) corresponds to the following formula (XXV):
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from alkylamino benzotriazoles.
- hydrocarbon compound (b) corresponds to the following formula (XXVI):
- - Ru and R 12 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group Ci-C 30 linear or branched.
- hydrocarbon compound (b) corresponds to the following formula (XXVII):
- r 1.
- the Ru and groups R 12 represent, independently, an atom of "hydrogen or an alkyl group Ci-C 30 linear or branched.
- Ru and R 12 groups is chosen from C1-C30 alkyl groups, it is preferably chosen from CrC 20 alkyl groups, more preferably from C5-C15, even more preferably from C5 -C10.
- Ru and R 12 groups is chosen from C1-C30 alkyl groups, it is preferably chosen from branched alkyl groups.
- At least one of the Ru and R 12 groups is a C1-C30 alkyl group.
- the groups Ru and R 12 are identical.
- the Ru and R 12 groups are two 2-ethyl-hexyl groups.
- hydrocarbon compound (b) corresponds to the following formula (XXVIII):
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is chosen from triazole succinimides.
- the triazole succinimide compound is substituted by a hydrocarbon chain, preferably C 8 -C 5 oo, more preferentially C12-C150 ⁇
- the triazole succinimide compound substituted by a hydrocarbon chain is chosen from polyisobutene succinimides.
- Polyisobutene succinimides can be obtained by the reaction of a succinic acid or anhydride, substituted by a polyisobutenyl chain, with an amino compound.
- the polyisobutenyl chain substituting succinic acid or anhydride has a number average molecular weight ranging from 200 to 5000 g / mol, preferably from 400 to 3000, more preferably from 500 to 2500, even more preferably from 800 and 1500, the number average molecular mass being determined by gel permeation chromatography (CPG), also called steric exclusion chromatography (CES), from the starting polymer.
- CPG gel permeation chromatography
- CES steric exclusion chromatography
- the product obtained consists of a complex mixture of unreacted polymers and succinic anhydrides substituted by a polyisobutene chain in which the polyisobutenyl substituent is linked to at least one of the carbons located in alpha of the groups carbonyls of succinic anhydride.
- the amino compound used for the preparation of the triazole succinimide compound preferably corresponds to the following formula (XXIX):
- RI 4 is chosen from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C 1-8 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an acid group carboxylic (-C0 2 H).
- R 14 is a hydrogen atom.
- the succinic acid or succinic anhydride, substituted by a polyisobutene chain, and the amino compound are introduced in a molar ratio ranging from 0.2: 1 to 5: 1, preferably ranging from 0.2: 1 to 2.5: 1, even more preferably ranging from 1: 1 to 2: 1.
- the reaction between the succinic acid or anhydride substituted with a polyisobutenyl chain and the amino compound is preferably carried out at a temperature of at least 80 ° C, preferably at a temperature ranging from 125 to 250 ° C.
- the triazole succinimide compound corresponds to the following formula (XXX):
- R 13 is a polyisobutenyl chain
- triazole succinimide compound corresponds to the following formula (XXXI):
- R 13 being as defined above.
- the hydrocarbon group (b) is chosen from bis-benzotriazoles.
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) corresponds to the following formula (XXXII):
- - 1 is an integer ranging from 1 to 10
- R 15 and R 16 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms.
- t ranges from 1 to 5, more preferably t is equal to 1.
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) is methylene-bis-benzotriazole represented by the following formula (XXXIII):
- the hydrocarbon compound (b) comprises at least one quaternary ammonium function.
- Such compounds can, for example, be obtained from the compounds described above, in particular by quaternization of the tertiary amine functions present in these compounds.
- the mass ratio between the copolymer (s) (a) and the hydrocarbon compound (s) (b) ranges from 5: 95 to 95 : 5, preferably 10: 90 to 90: 10.
- the combination described above is particularly advantageous when it is used as a metal deactivator and / or as a metal passivator in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- metal deactivator is understood to mean “metal chelator” for liquid fuel, an additive which, incorporated in small quantities into the liquid fuel, forms complexes with the metal salts present in the fuel. The formation of these complexes thus makes it possible to deactivate the metal salts present in the fuel composition.
- metal passivator for liquid fuel means an additive which, incorporated in small quantities into the liquid fuel, forms a protective layer on the surface of the metallic internal parts of the engine into which the additivated liquid fuel is introduced.
- the protective layer thus formed makes it possible to isolate the internal parts of the engine from the fuel composition. It makes it possible in particular to limit and / or prevent and / or reduce and / or delay the production of metal ions and / or the reactions which may take place on the surface of the internal parts of the engine.
- the combination described above is also advantageous when used as an antioxidant additive in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- antioxidant additive for liquid fuel means an additive which, incorporated in small quantities into the liquid fuel, makes it possible to prevent and / or reduce and / or limit and / or delay the oxidation of said fuel.
- antioxidant additive for liquid fuel is understood more particularly to mean an additive capable of preventing and / or reducing and / or limiting and / or delaying the formation of gums and / or sediments resulting from the oxidation of the fuel, compared to said liquid fuel not specially additive.
- antioxidant additives into the liquid fuel makes it possible, in particular, to neutralize the peroxide radicals liable to be formed by the oxidation reaction of said fuel, in particular the peroxide radicals resulting from the oxidation of the dienes and olefins in the liquid fuel.
- antioxidant additives to a liquid fuel advantageously allows trap and / or stabilize and / or decompose the peroxide radicals formed, in particular by the formation of complexes between the antioxidant additive (s) and the peroxide radicals.
- the complexation and / or stabilization and / or decomposition of the peroxide radicals with the antioxidant additives thus makes it possible to reduce the amount of peroxide radicals in free form present in the fuel. It makes it possible in particular to reduce the quantity of peroxide radicals capable of reacting with the hydrocarbon compounds contained in the liquid fuel to form sediments and / or insoluble gums.
- the liquid fuel advantageously comes from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources.
- sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources.
- petroleum will be chosen as the mineral source.
- the liquid fuel is preferably chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels, alone or as a mixture.
- Hydrocarbon fuel means a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen.
- non-essentially hydrocarbon fuel means a fuel made up of one or more compounds made up not essentially of carbon and hydrogen, that is to say which also contain other atoms, in particular oxygen atoms.
- Hydrocarbon fuels include in particular middle distillates with a boiling temperature ranging from 100 ° C to 500 ° C or lighter distillates with a boiling temperature in the range of gasolines. These distillates can, for example, be chosen from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates from catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of vacuum distillates, distillates resulting from ARDS-type conversion processes (in English "atmospheric residue desulfurization") and / or visbreaking, the distillates from the recovery of Fischer Tropsch cuts. Hydrocarbon fuels are typically gasolines and diesel fuels (also called diesel fuel).
- the gasolines include, in particular, all fuel compositions for spark ignition engines commercially available. Mention may be made, as a representative example, of the species meeting the standard NF EN 228. The species have generally octane numbers high enough to avoid rattling. Typically, gasoline-type fuels sold in Europe, compliant with standard NF EN 228, have an engine octane number (MON in English “Motor Octane Number”) greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON in English “ Research Octane Number ”) with a minimum of 95. Gasoline fuels generally have an RON ranging from 90 to 100 and a MON ranging from 80 to 90, the RON and MON being measured according to standard ASTM D 2699- 86 or D 2700-86.
- Diesel oils include, in particular, all fuel compositions for diesel engines commercially available. Mention may be made, as a representative example, of diesel oils meeting the standard NF EN 590.
- Fuels which are not essentially hydrocarbon-based include in particular oxygenates, for example distillates resulting from the BTL (in English "biomass to liquid") conversion of plant and / or animal biomass, taken alone or in combination; biofuels, for example oils and / or esters of vegetable and / or animal oils; biodiesel of animal and / or vegetable origin and bioethanols.
- the mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuel are typically gas oils of type B x or gasolines of type E x .
- diesel fuel type B x means a diesel fuel, a diesel fuel which contains x% (v / v) of vegetable or animal oil esters (including used cooking oils) transformed by a chemical process called transesterification, obtained by reacting this oil with an alcohol in order to obtain fatty acid esters (EAG). With methanol and ethanol, methyl esters of fatty acids (EMAG) and ethyl esters of fatty acids (EEAG) are obtained, respectively.
- EMAG methyl esters of fatty acids
- EEAG ethyl esters of fatty acids
- the letter "B” followed by a number indicates the percentage of EAG contained in the diesel.
- a B99 contains 99% of EAG and 1% of middle distillates of fossil origin (mineral source), B20, 20% of EAG and 80% of middle distillates of fossil origin, etc.
- type B 0 gas oils which do not contain oxygenated compounds
- type Bx gas oils which contain x% (v / v) of vegetable oil esters or fatty acids, most often methyl esters (EMHV or EMAG) .
- EAG methyl esters
- B100 the fuel is designated by the term B100.
- type E x petrol for positive ignition engine is understood to mean a petrol fuel which contains x% (v / v) of oxygenated compounds, generally ethanol, bioethanol and / or ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE).
- x% (v / v) of oxygenated compounds generally ethanol, bioethanol and / or ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE).
- the sulfur content of the liquid fuel is preferably less than or equal to 5000 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm, and more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm, or even even less than 10 ppm and advantageously without sulfur.
- the use of the combination as defined above in a fuel composition makes it possible to limit and / or prevent and / or reduce and / or delay the oxidation of said liquid fuel, compared to non-fuel additive or additive only with the copolymer (a) or only with the compound (b).
- the combination as defined above is used to limit and / or prevent and / or reduce and / or delay the formation of gums and sediments in the fuel composition.
- the combination as defined above is used to limit and / or prevent and / or reduce and / or delay the obstruction of the filters of an internal combustion engine, in particular fuel filters .
- the combination as defined above is used to prevent and / or limit and / or reduce and / or delay the coloring of the fuel composition.
- the combination as defined above is used to prevent and / or limit and / or reduce and / or delay the acidification of the fuel composition.
- the internal combustion engine is a spark-ignition engine, preferably with direct injection (DISI in English "Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine”).
- the internal combustion engine is an engine Diesel, preferably a Diesel engine with direct injection, in particular a Diesel engine with Common-Rail injection system (CRDI in English "Common Rail Direct Injection”).
- additive package The combination described above can be added to the liquid fuel within a refinery and / or be incorporated downstream of the refinery and / or optionally, in combination with other additives, in particular in the form of a additive concentrate, also called according to usage "additive package".
- the combination as described above is used in the form of an additive composition.
- additive composition is meant within the meaning of the invention a composition comprising one or more copolymers (a) and one or more hydrocarbon compounds (b) as defined above.
- the additive composition preferably comprises from 5% to 99% by mass of copolymer as described above, more preferably from 10% to 80% by mass, even more preferably from 25% to 70%, relative to the total mass of the additive composition.
- the additive composition advantageously comprises from 5% to 99% by mass, preferably from 10% to 80%, more preferably from 25% to 70% of hydrocarbon compounds (b) as described above.
- the fuel additive composition described above is used in liquid fuel at a content, advantageously at least 10 ppm, preferably at least 50 ppm, more preferably at a content of 10 to 5000 ppm, even more preferably from 10 to 1000 ppm.
- the combination described above is used in admixture with an organic liquid in the form of a concentrate.
- a fuel concentrate comprises one or more copolymers (a) and one or more hydrocarbon compounds (b) as described above, in admixture with an organic liquid.
- the organic liquid is advantageously chosen from organic liquids inert with respect to the copolymer
- miscible is meant the fact that the copolymer (a), the hydrocarbon compound (b) and the organic liquid form a solution or a dispersion so as to facilitate mixing of the composition of additives according to the invention in liquid fuels according to conventional fuel additivation processes.
- the organic liquid is advantageously chosen from aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent sold under the name "SOLVESSO", alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds and paraffinic solvents such as hexane, pentane or isoparaffins, alone or as a mixture.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent sold under the name "SOLVESSO”
- alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds such as hexane, pentane or isoparaffins, alone or as a mixture.
- the concentrate can advantageously comprise from 5 to 99% by mass, preferably from
- copolymer (a) 10 to 80%, more preferably 25 to 70% of copolymer (a) as described above.
- the concentrate can, typically, comprise from 1 to 95% by mass, preferably from 10 to 70%, more preferably from 25 to 60% of organic liquid, the remainder corresponding to the copolymer (a) and to the hydrocarbon compound (b), being it being understood that the concentrate may comprise one or more copolymers (a) and one or more hydrocarbon compounds
- solubility of the copolymer in the organic liquids and the liquid fuels described above will depend in particular on the average molar masses by weight and in number, respectively M w and M n of the copolymer.
- the average molar masses M w and M n of the copolymer will be chosen so that the copolymer is soluble in the liquid fuel and / or the organic liquid of the concentrate for which
- the average molar masses M w and M n of the copolymer can also have an influence on the effectiveness of the composition of fuel additives according to the invention as a metal deactivator and / or as a metal passivator.
- the average molar masses M w and M n will therefore be chosen so as to optimize the effect of the association in the liquid fuels described above.
- the copolymer advantageously has a mass weight average molar (M w ) ranging from 500 to 30,000 g. mol 1 , preferably from 1000 to 10,000 g. mol 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 4000 g. mol 1 , and / or a number-average molar mass (Mn) ranging from 500 to 15,000 g. mol 1 , preferably from 1000 to 10,000 g. mol 1 , more preferably from 3000 to 8000 g. mol 1 , even more preferably from 3000 to 7000 g. mol 1, in particular from 4,000 to 5,000 g. my .
- M w mass weight average molar
- Mn number-average molar mass
- the number-average molar mass (M n ) is less than or equal to 4000 g. mol 1 .
- the number and weight average molar masses are measured by size exclusion chromatography (SEC in English "Size Exclusion Chromatography").
- SEC Size Exclusion Chromatography
- the combination as described above is used in combination with at least one other additive for internal combustion engine fuel different from the copolymer (a) and the hydrocarbon compound (b) described above, in particular in the form of a concentrate of additives.
- additives for internal combustion engine fuel mention may in particular be made of detergent additives other than the copolymer described above, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers other than the succinimide compound described above, anti-corrosion agents. foam, biocides, reodorants, cetane improving additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or oiliness additives, combustion aid agents (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), tracers, additives which passivate metals other than the combination as defined above, antioxidant agents, agents improving the cloud point, the pour point, TLF (“Filterability limit temperature”), anti- sedimentation, antiwear agents and conductivity modifiers.
- additives improving cetane in particular (but not limited to) chosen from alkyl nitrates, preferably 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate, aryl peroxides, preferably benzyl peroxide, and peroxides alkyl, preferably ter-butyl peroxide;
- anti-foaming additives and demulsifying or demulsifying additives in particular (but not limited to) chosen from polysiloxanes, oxyalkylated polysiloxanes, and fatty acid amides derived from vegetable or animal oils. Examples of such additives are given in EP861882, EP663000, EP736590;
- CFI Cold fluidizing additives
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate
- EVE ethylene / vinyl ethanoate
- EMMA ethylene / methyl methacrylate copolymers
- ethylene / alkyl fumarate described, for example, in documents US3048479, US3627838, US3790359, US3961961 and EP261957.
- lubricating additives or antiwear agents in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and derivatives of mono- and carboxylic acids polycyclic.
- lubricating additives or antiwear agents in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and derivatives of mono- and carboxylic acids polycyclic. Examples of such additives are given in the following documents: EP680506, EP860494, WO98 / 04656, EP915944, FR2772783, FR2772784.
- cloud point additives in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of long chain olefin / (meth) acrylic ester / maleimide terpolymers, and polymers of fumaric / maleic acid esters. Examples of such additives are given in FR2528051, FR2528051, FR2528423, EP1 12195, EP172758, EP271385, EP291367;
- detergent additives in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of polyetheramines and quaternary ammonium salts.
- the polyfunctional additives for cold operability selected from the group consisting of polymers based on olefin and alkenyl nitrate as described in EP573490.
- these other additives are generally added in an amount ranging from 10 to 1000 ppm (each), preferably from 100 to 1000 ppm (each).
- the combination according to the invention is particularly advantageous when it is used in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine, in combination with at least one antioxidant additive, to limit and / or prevent and / or reduce and / or delay deactivation.
- antioxidant additive (s) due to the presence of metal salts in the liquid fuel, said antioxidant additive being distinct from the copolymers (a) and the hydrocarbon compounds (b) defined above.
- the metal salt or salts present in the liquid fuel are generally salts of copper, zinc salts or alternatively mixtures of copper salts and zinc salts, more preferably copper salts, optionally in the form of mixtures of different copper salts.
- antioxidant additives for liquid fuel there may be mentioned in particular:
- sterically hindered compounds derived from phenol, in particular substituted by alkyl groups.
- sterically hindered compound is meant within the meaning of the invention a compound in which the substituent groups, due to their large size, are close to each other.
- Such compounds are, for example, 2,6-di-ferf-butyl-para-cresol, 2,6-di-ierf-butyl-phenol or else the alkyl-para-aminophenol compounds.
- dialkyl-para-phenylene diamines in particular L /, L / ’- dialkyl-para-phenylene diamines such as for example L /, L /’ - di-sec-butyl-para-phenylene diamine.
- diphenylamines optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups
- cyclohexylamine optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups such as, for example, A /, / ⁇ / - di-methylcyclohexyl amine.
- antioxidant additives commonly used in the field of fuels are described in particular in patents US7964002, US201 10209390, US20070289203 and EP2029704.
- the mass ratio between the combination as defined above and the antioxidant additive (s) ranges from 1: 99 to 99: 1, preferably 5: 95 to 95: 5.
- the molar and / or mass ratio between the monomer (m b ) and the monomer (m a ) and / or between block A and B in the block copolymer described above will be chosen so that the copolymer is soluble in the fuel and / or organic liquid of the concentrate for which it is intended. Likewise, this ratio can be optimized as a function of the fuel and / or of the organic liquid so as to obtain the best effect on engine cleanliness.
- the molar ratio between the monomer (m b ) and the monomer (m a ) or between the blocks A and B in the block copolymer described above advantageously ranges from 1: 10 to 10: 1, preferably from 1 : 2 to 2: 1, more preferably from 1: 0.5 to 0.5: 2.
- a fuel composition is prepared according to any known process by adding the liquid fuel described above with a combination as described above.
- a fuel composition comprises:
- the fuel (1) is, in particular, chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels described above, taken alone or as a mixture.
- the introduction of the combination as described above in the fuel composition makes it possible to prevent and / or reduce and / or limit and / or delay the oxidation phenomena likely to occur in the fuel composition and which have been described above.
- the fuel composition comprises at least 1 ppm, preferably from 10 to 5000 ppm, more preferably from 20 to 2000 ppm, in particular from 50 to 500 ppm of copolymer (s) (a).
- the fuel composition comprises from 1 to 1000 ppm of copolymer (s) (a), preferably from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 10 to 200 ppm, even more preferably ranging from 20 to 100 ppm.
- the fuel composition advantageously comprises from 1 to 1000 ppm, preferably from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 10 to 200 ppm, even more preferably from 20 to 100 ppm of hydrocarbon compounds (b).
- the fuel composition can also comprise one or more other additives.
- additives are chosen in particular from the other known detergent additives, from antioxidants, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, other demulsifying agents, anti-foaming agents, biocides, reodorants, procetane additives, modifiers of friction, lubricating additives or lubricity additives, combustion aid agents (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), agents improving the cloud point, the pour point, TLF, anti agents - sedimentation, anti-wear agents and / or agents modifying conductivity.
- the additives other than the copolymer (a) and the hydrocarbon compound (b) are, for example, the fuel additives listed above.
- the fuel composition according to the invention also comprises at least one antioxidant additive, said antioxidant additive being distinct from the copolymer (a) and from the hydrocarbon compound (b).
- the internal combustion engine is a spark-ignition engine, preferably with direct injection (DISI).
- DISI direct injection
- the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, preferably a direct injection diesel engine, in particular a diesel engine with common-rail injection systems (CRDI).
- a direct injection diesel engine in particular a diesel engine with common-rail injection systems (CRDI).
- CCDI common-rail injection systems
- the invention also relates to a method for preventing and / or reducing and / or limiting and / or delaying the oxidation of a liquid fuel for internal combustion engine comprising the supply of a liquid fuel for internal combustion engine and an association as defined above followed by the addition in said liquid fuel of said association .
- the process for preventing and / or reducing and / or limiting and / or delaying the oxidation of the liquid fuel advantageously comprises the successive stages of:
- the invention finally relates to a process for maintaining and / or strengthening and / or prolonging the action of an antioxidant additive in a liquid fuel for internal combustion engine comprising the supply of a liquid fuel for internal combustion engine and an association as defined above followed by the addition to said liquid fuel of said association.
- the process for maintaining and / or strengthening and / or prolonging the action of an antioxidant additive in the liquid fuel advantageously comprises the successive stages of:
- the determination of the most suitable combination of additives targeted by steps 1) and 1 ') defined above corresponds more particularly to the selection on the one hand of one or more copolymers (a) as described below. above and on the other hand of one or more hydrocarbon compounds (b) as described above but also to the determination of the ratio according to which these compounds will be used.
- the copolymer (s) (a) and the hydrocarbon compound (s) can be incorporated into the fuel, alone or as a mixture, successively or simultaneously.
- the copolymer (s) (a) and the hydrocarbon compound (s) (b) are used in the form of an additive composition, a concentrate or even an additive concentrate as described above .
- Step 1) or 1 ’) is carried out according to any known process and is common practice in the field of fuel additivation.
- Step 1) involves defining at least one characteristic representative of the oxidative stability of the fuel composition.
- a characteristic characteristic of the oxidative stability of a fuel may for example consist in determining the period of induction of the oxidation of a fuel subjected to specific oxidizing conditions.
- the induction period associated with the fuel corresponds to the time elapsed between the time when the fuel was placed in oxidizing conditions and the time when the quantity of products resulting from its oxidation significantly increases.
- This induction time can for example be determined by conductimetric monitoring of an aqueous composition, in particular an aqueous solution, in which the vapors released during the oxidative treatment are trapped.
- a rapid increase in conductivity due to the dissociation of volatile acidic species generated by oxidation allows the end of the induction period to be identified.
- the induction time can also be determined by measuring the acidity of the fuel composition during the oxidizing treatment.
- the evolution of the acidity of the fuel composition during oxidation can for example be measured by successive titrations, at regular time intervals, of the acid species present in a sample of the fuel composition, the successive titrations being able in particular be carried out according to standard NF ISO 6618.
- a rapid increase in acidity indicates the appearance in the environment of oxidized species and thus makes it possible to identify the end of the induction period.
- the fuel induction period can for example be evaluated according to standard NF EN 141 12.
- the induction period can be evaluated according to standard NF EN 15751.
- a characteristic characteristic of the oxidation stability of a fuel can also consist in measuring the mass of gums formed during a specific oxidation cycle.
- the standards EN ISO12205 and ASTM D 2274 teach how to implement such a measure in the case of fuels based on middle distillates from petroleum, in particular in the case of diesel fuels.
- Step 1 ' involves defining at least one characteristic representative of the capacity of the fuel composition to maintain and / or strengthen and / or prolong the activity of the antioxidant additive, in particular by deactivation and / or passivation metal ions present on the surface of the internal parts of the engine and / or in the fuel.
- a characteristic representative of the ability of the fuel composition to deactivate and / or passivate metals can for example consist in the reduction in the amount of deposits formed at the injector of an engine supplied with a fuel rich in metal ions. and including:
- Such a characteristic can for example be evaluated by the method DW10B, standard engine test method CEC F-98-08, consisting in the measurement of the power loss of a diesel engine with direct injection fed with a diesel fuel comprising 1 ppm zinc salts.
- the determination of the quantity of copolymer (a) and of the quantity of hydrocarbon compound (b) to be added to the fuel in order to reach the specifications (step 1) and 1 ′) described previously) will typically be carried out by comparison with the fuel composition but without the copolymer (a) and without the hydrocarbon compound (b) present in the fuel combination as defined above.
- the amount of copolymer (a) and of hydrocarbon compound (b) can also vary depending on the nature and origin of the fuel, in particular depending on the level of compounds containing n-alkyl, iso-alkyl or n-alkenyl. Thus, the nature and origin of the fuel can also be a factor to take into account for step a).
- the methods defined above may also include an additional step after step 2) or 2 ') of verifying the target reached and / or of adjusting the additivation rate with the copolymer (s) (a) and the or hydrocarbon compounds (b).
- the combination as defined above has remarkable properties as an antioxidant additive but also as a metal deactivator and / or as a metal passivator in a liquid fuel, in particular in a diesel or petrol fuel.
- copolymers used in the production of the examples can be synthesized according to the protocols described in applications WO 2017/046526 and WO 2018/015666.
- the copolymer hereinafter called EHA / q-ADAME, is obtained by radical polymerization by reversible chain transfer by addition-fragmentation (RAFT) according to the protocol described in Example 1 of application WO2019 / 069010. 2. Synthesis of the triazole compound:
- the compound comprising a triazole group used is 3-polyisobutene succinimide-1,2,4-triazole, hereinafter called PIBSI-triazole.
- PIBSI-triazole 3-polyisobutene succinimide-1,2,4-triazole
- the fuel compositions are prepared using a virgin diesel fuel B7 composed up to 7% of EMAG (Methyl Ester of Fatty Acids) and meeting the standard EN590, to which is added 1 ppm of zinc in the form of zinc neodecanoate.
- the fuel compositions C2 to C4 are prepared by additivation of the virgin diesel fuel B7 comprising 1 ppm of zinc.
- compositions C1 to C3 are comparative.
- Composition C4 is according to the invention.
- a 5 mL test portion of the fuel composition is introduced into a reaction vessel containing oxygen at 700 kPa at room temperature.
- the container of reaction is heated to 140 ° C.
- the pressure in the container drops as oxygen is consumed during the oxidation of the sample. Oxidation generates oxygen consumption, which de facto lowers the pressure.
- the recording of this pressure is carried out continuously at intervals of 1s, up to a certain value of depression (breakpoint or "breakpoint" in English).
- the time from the start to the breaking point is the induction period at the test temperature of 140 ° C. Each trial is repeated twice, the results are based on the average of the two trials.
- the introduction into the fuel of the combination of the EHA / q-ADAME copolymer with the PIBSI-triazole compound makes it possible to considerably increase the induction period compared to the fuel composition comprising the PIBSI-triazole compound alone or the copolymer EHA / q-ADAME alone.
- the association of the copolymer as defined above with the triazole compound therefore makes it possible to limit and / or prevent / reduce and / or delay the oxidation of the fuel, relative to the non-additive fuel (composition C1) and by with respect to a fuel composition added with a triazole compound alone (composition C2) or with the copolymer alone (composition C3).
- the ability of the fuel composition to deactivate and / or passivate metals can also be evaluated by the following DW10B method:
- This test makes it possible to determine the power loss of a direct injection diesel engine during its operation as an indicator of the amount of deposits formed at the injectors of said engine.
- This test is carried out according to the CEC F-98-08 standardized engine test method.
- the objective of this test is to assess the ability of the diesel fuel and / or the antioxidant additive and / or combinations of tested additives to maintain cleanliness, the so-called "keep clean" effect of the injectors d '' a Peugeot DW10B diesel engine powered by a fuel enriched with metal salts, in particular zinc salts.
- the objective of this test is, in particular, to assess the ability of said additive diesel to limit the formation of deposits on the injectors, even in the presence of metal salts.
- the Peugeot DW10B diesel engine is a 2.0 Liter engine comprising 4 cylinders. Each combustion chamber includes 4 valves.
- the injectors are DI piezo type satisfying the Euro V classification in terms of emissions.
- This test consists of repeating, consecutively, a sequence consisting of:
- the previous sequence is performed 3 times in total.
- step 1 At the end of each hour of operation (step 1), a measurement of the engine power is carried out.
- the fouling tendency of the injector is then determined by the difference in nominal power measured between the start and the end of the test cycle.
- the engine operating periods (step 1) actually correspond to the repetition of a cycle whose total duration is equal to 1 hour and whose main characteristics are given in Table 3 below.
- An engine operating phase (8 hours in total) therefore corresponds to the sequence of 8 cycles as defined in Table 3.
- the engine is rinsed and the injectors removed in order to be inspected, cleaned and reinstalled in the engine. If the injectors are changed, the new injectors undergo a 16-hour running-in cycle before implementing the next series.
- the engine is then started to operate according to the test cycle and a power measurement at 4000 rpm and at full load is carried out in order to verify the total restoration of the engine power after cleaning the injectors.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1859823A FR3087788B1 (fr) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Association d'additifs pour carburant |
PCT/EP2019/078573 WO2020083837A1 (fr) | 2018-10-24 | 2019-10-21 | Association d'additifs pour carburant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3870684A1 true EP3870684A1 (fr) | 2021-09-01 |
Family
ID=65444060
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19787285.6A Withdrawn EP3870684A1 (fr) | 2018-10-24 | 2019-10-21 | Association d'additifs pour carburant |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3870684A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3087788B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020083837A1 (fr) |
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-
2018
- 2018-10-24 FR FR1859823A patent/FR3087788B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-21 EP EP19787285.6A patent/EP3870684A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-10-21 WO PCT/EP2019/078573 patent/WO2020083837A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2020083837A1 (fr) | 2020-04-30 |
FR3087788A1 (fr) | 2020-05-01 |
FR3087788B1 (fr) | 2021-06-25 |
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