EP3710645B1 - Construction block - Google Patents
Construction block Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3710645B1 EP3710645B1 EP18789317.7A EP18789317A EP3710645B1 EP 3710645 B1 EP3710645 B1 EP 3710645B1 EP 18789317 A EP18789317 A EP 18789317A EP 3710645 B1 EP3710645 B1 EP 3710645B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- construction block
- middle shell
- shell
- shells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008258 liquid foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000003517 Elaeocarpus dentatus Species 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
- E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a block according to claim 1.
- the invention includes, in particular, block stones of a cuboid nature.
- a cuboid shape means in the sense of the conventional mathematical definition that the block has six flat or essentially flat outer surfaces, of which two opposite outer surfaces are arranged parallel to one another.
- a normal vector, which is perpendicular to the plane, can be assigned to each pair of parallel outer surfaces of the block.
- the three normal vectors provided - by the three pairs of the outer surface - are all mutually perpendicular and provide a Cartesian coordinate system.
- Blocks of different types made of different materials are known and widespread.
- the focus of the present application is a block that has special load transfer properties and special thermal insulation properties.
- the construction and structure as well as the choice of material for the block play a particularly important role here.
- CH421450A describes a three-layer concrete block.
- the object of the invention is to provide a block that enables high thermal insulation with good or improved load transfer.
- the block according to the invention consists of a sandwich-like construction: it comprises two outer shells and a middle shell or core shell attached between them. All three shells are made of foam concrete.
- Foam concrete is concrete that is produced by hardening a mixture of cement paste and foam.
- aggregates can also be added to the mixture of cement paste and foam, such as sand or special binders or binding aids or agents to increase the strength.
- the foam concrete shells In the hardened state, the foam concrete shells have a large number of pores which are not or at least mostly not connected to one another. The foam concrete shells can absorb little or no water.
- Foam concrete differs from aerated concrete in the following ways: Foam concrete is made by providing a mixture of cement paste and foam by mixing and subsequently hardening. In other words, the two components cement paste and foam are first produced separately and then mixed together by stirring. This can be done, for example, in appropriate stirring devices. The mixture stirred in this way can then be removed from the stirring device and/or fed to a container, in particular a formwork, in which it then hardens. The stirring device can be fed to the formwork, for example, by pumping the liquid foamed concrete mass.
- Aerated concrete is produced in a different way: Here, the pores are created by adding a blowing agent, such as aluminum powder, to the cement paste.
- the propellant leads i.e. for foaming the tough cement paste mass. There is no mixture of foam and cement paste here.
- aerated concrete components The pores in aerated concrete components are connected to one another by a capillary system. For this reason, aerated concrete components absorb a considerable amount of water.
- foam concrete In the case of foam concrete, on the other hand, the individual pores are separated from one another and are not connected to one another. For this reason, foam concrete components, for example, can absorb little or no water.
- Aerated concrete is hardened under the influence of heat and pressure.
- the shell parts made of the foamed concrete according to the invention harden without the supply of heat and under atmospheric pressure.
- foam concrete is a material z. B. is conventionally produced on a construction site. Foam is produced here using foaming agent and water with the aid of a foaming device. This foam can be added to a mortar or a concrete, in particular a so-called cement paste.
- Foam concrete is usually produced with a flowable consistency and is used, among other things, for heat-insulating components, for light leveling layers, for filling cavities of all kinds deployed. Densities of known types of foamed concrete are given in the literature as between 400 and 2,000 kg/m 3 .
- the applicants have developed a method with which components can be manufactured from foamed concrete with a lower bulk density.
- the individual layers of the blocks according to the invention are produced separately and, after the production of the individual shell parts, are connected to one another to form a block building block.
- This production of a block building block does not take place on the construction site but in a factory.
- the block building block already assembled as a handling unit from the three shell parts can be provided on the construction site.
- the block according to the invention has two outer shells with a middle shell arranged in between. All three shells are made of foam concrete. They therefore have a uniform construction principle, with the shells having different bulk densities. While the outer shells each have a higher bulk density, advantageously in a range between 350 and 700 kg/m 3 , for example, the middle shell has a lower, in particular significantly lower bulk density, which is in particular in a range between 80 and 100 kg/m 3 .
- the separately manufactured shells are firmly connected to each other after they have fully hardened. In one embodiment of the invention, a firm connection of the two outer shells to one another can also be achieved by first manufacturing these two outer shells separately and then forming the middle shell by casting a free space between the outer shells. After the middle shell has hardened, the two outer shells are firmly connected to one another via the middle shell.
- the production of the individual shells can be done, for example, by large blocks, z.
- a first outer shell has a layer thickness of at least 17.5 cm.
- the term layer thickness of the first outer layer refers to the depth of the block, so the layer thickness is measured in the depth direction. In this embodiment, it is advantageously provided that this first outer shell can make a good contribution to load transfer.
- the middle layer has a layer thickness of between 14 and 20 cm.
- layer thickness again refers to the direction of the block given by the depth.
- the layer thickness of between 14 and 20 cm specified according to the invention makes it possible to achieve very good thermal insulation through the block.
- the block has a height of between 20 and 30 cm, in particular approximately 24.9 cm. A block of conventional design is thus provided.
- the block has a width of between 40 and 60 cm, in particular approximately 49.8 cm. This provides a block with a width that corresponds to the width of conventional blocks.
- the block has a depth of between 40 and 55 cm, in particular approximately between 42.5 and 50 cm. This provides a block of conventional depth.
- only the thicker of the two outer shells contributes to the load transfer. This makes it possible to design the first outer shell with a large layer thickness and to design the second outer shell with a smaller layer thickness.
- both outer shells contribute to the load transfer. This provides the opportunity to achieve better load transfer through the block as a whole.
- the block is characterized in that the middle shell contributes to thermal insulation in such a way that the block has thermal insulation properties that correspond to the thermal insulation properties of conventional thermal insulation composite systems.
- connection area between the outer shells produced beforehand and the middle shell produced by casting takes place with the aid of additional form-fitting means.
- a surface contour can be provided on the respective inner sides of the outer shell, which is designed with projections and/or with recesses.
- the respective insides of the Outer shell may be provided with appropriate grooves or grooves that have been made for example by drilling, sawing or milling. In this way, a non-smooth or non-planar surface is achieved on the inside of the outer shell.
- the recesses (such as grooves and grooves) or projections can improve the bond between the outer shell and the middle shell to be cast due to the additional positive fit.
- the two outer shells can be used as parts of a formwork and the core shell can be made by pouring foam concrete. After the middle shell has hardened, a composite cross-section is achieved which is connected to one another particularly well and securely by the casting and also by a positive fit.
- the invention is also based on the object of specifying a method with which a block of the type described above can be produced in a simple manner.
- the invention solves this problem with the features of claim 13 and - independently - with the features of claim 14 or claim 15.
- the specified dimensions or dimensional ranges make it possible to provide a block 10 according to the invention with dimensions as are known per se from conventional blocks made of other materials.
- the block serves to make possible a building wall or a part of a building wall by bricking together with other blocks or other types of stones or elements.
- the block according to the invention comprises three shells 14, 15 and 16:
- the first shell 14 is a load-bearing outer shell 14 having a thickness D 1 .
- the thickness D 1 can be between 17.5 and 30 cm. In the exemplary embodiment, it can be assumed that the thickness D 1 . is 17.5 cm.
- This outer shell 14, which is also referred to as the first outer shell, is designed to be load-bearing.
- the block 10 also has a second outer shell 15 which has a thickness D 3 which is smaller than the thickness D 1 .
- the second outer shell 15 can have a thickness D 1 of only 7.5 cm. In the event that the thickness D 1 is less than 17.5 cm, the second outer shell is in particular not designed to be load-bearing.
- the block 10 according to the invention also has a third shell in the form of the middle shell 16 .
- the middle shell 16 can have a thickness D 2 between 14 and 20 cm.
- All three shells 14, 15, 16 consist of a so-called foam concrete.
- Foam concrete is different from aerated concrete and is made in a completely different way.
- foamed concrete has pores (indicated by way of example by the pores 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d, 17e) which are not or at least predominantly not connected to one another.
- the shells 14, 15, 16 can therefore absorb no water or absorb water only to an extremely small extent.
- the size and shape of the pores are of course arbitrary and depend on the type of foam used, which is mixed with the cement paste. Of course, it also depends on the mixing ratio.
- the two outer shells 14, 15 consist of a foamed concrete with a higher bulk density in the range between 350 and 700 kg/m 3 .
- the middle shell 16 consists of foam concrete with a lower bulk density of 80 to 100 kg/m 3 .
- the individual shells 14, 15, 16 are manufactured separately.
- a very large block e.g. B. one or more cubic meters size of a first type of foamed concrete with a higher bulk density and a second large block or body made of foamed concrete with a contrast lower bulk density.
- the corresponding blocks can then be separated, divided, in particular sawn, into smaller parts.
- the smaller parts cut in this way show then dimensions (height and width) corresponding to the dimensions of the block building block 10 to be formed.
- the middle shell 16 is firmly connected to both the first outer shell 14 and the second outer shell 15 using connecting means 18a, 18b.
- the fixed connection can be provided in completely different ways by different connecting means 18a, 18b.
- figure 1 indicates only very generally connecting means 18, 18a, 18b.
- a layer of an adhesive is provided as the connecting means 19a, 19b.
- the adhesive can include, have or consist of, for example, cement milk or adhesive mortar or synthetic resin adhesive.
- dowels or fastening bolts 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d indicated.
- Each dowel connects the middle shell 16 to either the first outer shell 14 or the second outer shell 15.
- the dowels may be anchored in the respective shells 14, 15, 16 using conventional techniques.
- adhesive aids for example of the type described above, can also be used.
- the adhesive aids can ensure or contribute to the fact that the dowels 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d are firmly anchored in the corresponding shell 14, 15, 16.
- the adhesive aids can also be firmly connected to one another via two shells 14, 16 or 15, 16.
- two dowels 20e, 20f are provided, which have an axial length L that is greater than the thickness D 2 of the middle shell 16.
- the corresponding dowels 20e, 20f reach through the middle shell 16 completely and are anchored with their respective end regions of the first outer shell 14 and the second outer shell 15.
- the number and type of arrangement of the dowels 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f is arbitrary.
- an arrangement of the dowels that is as homogeneous as possible, ie, evenly distributed, is provided along the corresponding broad side surfaces of the shells 14, 15, 16 in order to achieve a uniform introduction of force.
- FIG. 5 Evidence of the embodiment of figure 5 form-fitting means 21 are provided in one variant of the invention. These can be provided in the form of projections 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d on the corresponding shells 14, 16, which engage in corresponding recesses 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d on the respectively opposite shell part.
- figure 5 shows two projections 22c, 22d on a first outer shell 14, which engages in recesses 23c, 23c on the middle shell part 16.
- the middle shell 16 has two projections 22a, 22b which engage in recesses 23a, 23b on the second shell part 15.
- the form-fitting means 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d can ensure that the shells 14, 15, 16 cannot be lost relative to one another, at least along one direction.
- the block 10 with its three shells 14, 15, 16 as a whole provides a handling unit. It is further advantageously provided according to the invention that each of the shells 14, 15, 16 is held captive on the block 10.
- the size and geometry of the projections 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d and the recesses 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, which are advantageously formed in a complementary manner, are arbitrary and must be tailored to the individual case.
- the claws 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d engage in corresponding claw receptacles 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d on the middle shell 16a and also ensure there a captive positioning of the respective shells relative to each other.
- claws 26a, 26b are provided on the first outer shell 14, which cooperate with corresponding counter-claws 27a, 27b on the middle shell 16.
- These claws 26a, 26b, 27a, 27b are incorporated as insert elements in the corresponding shell 14, 16 and have already been inserted into the not yet hardened foam mass during the manufacturing process.
- the invention also includes when corresponding claw elements 26a, 26b, 27a, 27b are attached to the shell only after a corresponding shell 14, 15 has been completed.
- a free space 29 can remain between the two shells 14, 16 or 16, 17 in the fully assembled block 10.
- the free space 29 is filled by a filling layer 28 .
- a filling layer 28 One can also speak of a leveling layer here.
- the block 10 has to this extent - except for the in 8 not shown pores 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d - no cavities.
- FIG. 9 shows a partially sectioned schematic view of a first cuboid element 40 or 36a and a second cuboid element 41 or 36b.
- These two elements 40, 41 are essentially cuboid and consist of a foam concrete with a higher bulk density. They form later, according to the finished block 11 the two outer shells 14, 15, and insofar have dimensions of height H and width B, which correspond to the height H and width B of a block 10 1 are equivalent to.
- the two elements 40, 41 are positioned relative to one another in such a way that a hollow space 34 results between them.
- the two elements 40, 41 form a formwork 43.
- the formwork 43 includes a bottom wall or a formwork floor 32 and further formwork walls 33a, 33b.
- the elements 40, 41 also form part of the formwork 43.
- the bottom wall 32 and the side walls 33a, 33b of the formwork 43 are designed somewhat larger and dimensioned larger than the external dimensions (height H, width B, depth T) of the block 10 to be manufactured.
- FIG. 9 shows a pouring device 31 from which a liquid foamed concrete mass 30 is being poured into the cavity 34 .
- the cavity 34 is filled up to the top of the cuboid body 36a, 36b.
- the middle shell 16 is formed by this casting. As a result of the hardening process, a particularly good and strong, permanent connection between the outer shells 14, 15 is achieved.
- the formwork parts 32, 33a, 33b can be removed and the block 10 formed in this way according to FIG 11 be demoulded from the formwork.
- the recesses can be provided in the form of grooves, grooves or other recesses of any shape. In the case of grooves or grooves, they can be oriented in any way.
- a first element 40 and a second element 41 are provided, each formed by a plate-shaped body 35a, 35b.
- the plate-shaped body 35a, 35b has dimensions which exceed the height H or the width B of a block to be manufactured, or exceed it by a multiple.
- the plate-shaped bodies 35a, 35b are in turn made of a foamed concrete of higher bulk density and are already hardened. In this way, formwork is obtained with the aid of a bottom wall 32 and two side walls 33a, 33b.
- the plate-shaped body 35a, 35b act as shells and delimit the cavity 34.
- the shaped body 44 formed in this way can, as in 14 shown by the dividing lines 37a, 37b, 37c, 37d, are now separated, for example sawn.
- the shaped body 44 has an overall height which corresponds to approximately three times the height H of a block 10 . This also corresponds to the representation of 13 .
- the shaped body 44 accordingly has an overall width which corresponds to approximately three times the width B of a block 10 .
- nine blocks of height H and width B are obtained, corresponding to the dimensions of the block 10 of FIG 1 .
- a particularly productive production can be achieved by this method.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Blockstein nach Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a block according to claim 1.
Von der Erfindung sind insbesondere Blocksteine quaderförmiger Natur umfasst. Eine Quaderform bedeutet im Sinne herkömmlicher mathematischer Definition, dass der Blockstein sechs ebene oder im Wesentlichen ebene Außenflächen aufweist, von denen jeweils zwei einander gegenüberliegende Außenflächen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Jeweils einem Paar parallel zueinander ausgerichteten Außenflächen des Blocksteins kann ein Normalvektor zugeordnet werden, der senkrecht zu der Ebene steht. Die drei - von den drei Paaren der Außenfläche - bereitgestellten Normalvektoren stehen sämtlich zueinander senkrecht aufeinander und stellen ein kartesisches Koordinatensystem bereit.The invention includes, in particular, block stones of a cuboid nature. A cuboid shape means in the sense of the conventional mathematical definition that the block has six flat or essentially flat outer surfaces, of which two opposite outer surfaces are arranged parallel to one another. A normal vector, which is perpendicular to the plane, can be assigned to each pair of parallel outer surfaces of the block. The three normal vectors provided - by the three pairs of the outer surface - are all mutually perpendicular and provide a Cartesian coordinate system.
Blocksteine unterschiedlicher Bauart aus unterschiedlichen Materialien sind bekannt und weit verbreitet. Im Fokus der vorliegenden Anmeldung liegt ein Blockstein, der besondere Traglastableitungseigenschaften und besondere Wärmedämmeigenschaften aufweist. Hierbei spielen insbesondere die Konstruktion und Struktur sowie die Materialwahl des Blocksteins eine Rolle.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, einen Blockstein bereitzustellen, der bei guter oder verbesserter Lastabtragung eine hohe Wärmedämmung ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a block that enables high thermal insulation with good or improved load transfer.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.The invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1.
Der erfindungsgemäße Blockstein besteht aus einer sandwichartigen Konstruktion: Er umfasst zwei Außenschalen und eine dazwischen angebrachte Mittelschale oder Kernschale. Sämtliche drei Schalen bestehen aus Schaumbeton.The block according to the invention consists of a sandwich-like construction: it comprises two outer shells and a middle shell or core shell attached between them. All three shells are made of foam concrete.
Als Schaumbeton wird ein Beton bezeichnet, der durch Erhärten eines Gemisches aus Zementleim und Schaum hergestellt ist. Dem Gemisch aus Zementleim und Schaum können bei Ausführungsformen der Erfindung auch Zuschlagstoffe beigegeben werden, wie beispielsweise Sand oder besondere Bindemittel oder Bindehilfsmittel oder Mittel zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit. Die Schalen aus Schaumbeton weisen im ausgehärteten Zustand eine Vielzahl von Poren auf, die untereinander nicht oder jedenfalls überwiegend nicht verbunden sind. Die Schalen aus Schaumbeton können kein oder nur sehr wenig Wasser aufnehmen.Foam concrete is concrete that is produced by hardening a mixture of cement paste and foam. In embodiments of the invention, aggregates can also be added to the mixture of cement paste and foam, such as sand or special binders or binding aids or agents to increase the strength. In the hardened state, the foam concrete shells have a large number of pores which are not or at least mostly not connected to one another. The foam concrete shells can absorb little or no water.
Schaumbeton unterscheidet sich von Porenbeton auf die folgende Weise: Schaumbeton wird dadurch hergestellt, dass ein Gemisch aus Zementleim und Schaum durch Mischen bereitgestellt wird und nachfolgend erhärtet. Anders ausgedrückt, werden die beiden Bestandteile Zementleim und Schaum zunächst gesondert hergestellt und anschließend durch Rühren miteinander vermischt. Dies kann beispielsweise in entsprechenden Rührvorrichtungen vorgenommen werden. Das so gerührte Gemisch kann sodann aus der Rührvorrichtung entnommen werden, und/oder einem Behältnis, insbesondere einer Schalung, zugeführt werden, in der es sodann erhärtet. Die Zuführung von der Rührvorrichtung zu der Schalung kann beispielsweise durch Pumpen der flüssigen Schaumbetonmasse erfolgen.Foam concrete differs from aerated concrete in the following ways: Foam concrete is made by providing a mixture of cement paste and foam by mixing and subsequently hardening. In other words, the two components cement paste and foam are first produced separately and then mixed together by stirring. This can be done, for example, in appropriate stirring devices. The mixture stirred in this way can then be removed from the stirring device and/or fed to a container, in particular a formwork, in which it then hardens. The stirring device can be fed to the formwork, for example, by pumping the liquid foamed concrete mass.
Die Herstellung beim Porenbeton erfolgt auf andere Weise: Hier werden die Poren durch Zugabe eines Treibmittels, zum Beispiel Aluminiumpulver, in den Zementleim hinein erzeugt. Das Treibmittel führt also zum Ausschäumen der zähen Zementleimmasse. Es liegt hier keine Mischung von Schaum und Zementleim vor.Aerated concrete is produced in a different way: Here, the pores are created by adding a blowing agent, such as aluminum powder, to the cement paste. The propellant leads i.e. for foaming the tough cement paste mass. There is no mixture of foam and cement paste here.
In Folge der gänzlich unterschiedlichen Herstellungsarten beim Schaumbeton einerseits und beim Porenbeton andererseits entstehen unterschiedliche Strukturen in dem ausgehärteten Beton.As a result of the completely different production methods for foam concrete on the one hand and aerated concrete on the other hand, different structures are created in the hardened concrete.
So sind die Poren bei Porenbeton-Bauteilen durch ein Kapillarsystem miteinander verbunden. Porenbeton-Bauteile nehmen aus diesem Grunde Wasser in beträchtlichem Umfange auf.The pores in aerated concrete components are connected to one another by a capillary system. For this reason, aerated concrete components absorb a considerable amount of water.
Beim Schaumbeton hingegen sind die einzelnen Poren voneinander getrennt und gerade nicht miteinander verbunden. Deswegen können beispielsweise Schaumbeton-Bauteile kein oder nahezu kein Wasser aufnehmen.In the case of foam concrete, on the other hand, the individual pores are separated from one another and are not connected to one another. For this reason, foam concrete components, for example, can absorb little or no water.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Unterschied zwischen Schaumbeton und Porenbeton liegt in der Herstellungsart: Porenbeton wird unter Einfluss von Wärme und Druck ausgehärtet. Die Schalenteile aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Schaumbeton erhärten hingegen ohne Zufuhr von Wärme und unter Atmosphärendruck.Another major difference between foam concrete and aerated concrete is the way it is manufactured: Aerated concrete is hardened under the influence of heat and pressure. The shell parts made of the foamed concrete according to the invention, on the other hand, harden without the supply of heat and under atmospheric pressure.
Der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Schaumbeton ist ein Werkstoff, der z. B. herkömmlich auf einer Baustelle hergestellt wird. Hier wird unter Verwendung von Schaumbildner und Wasser unter Zuhilfenahme eines Schaumgerätes Schaum erzeugt. Dieser Schaum kann einem Mörtel oder einem Beton, insbesondere einem sogenannten Zementleim, zugemischt werden.The invention to be used foam concrete is a material z. B. is conventionally produced on a construction site. Foam is produced here using foaming agent and water with the aid of a foaming device. This foam can be added to a mortar or a concrete, in particular a so-called cement paste.
Üblicherweise wird Schaumbeton in fließfähiger Konsistenz hergestellt und unter anderem für wärmedämmende Bauteile, für leichte Ausgleichsschichten, für Verfüllungen von Hohlräumen aller Art eingesetzt. Rohdichten bekannter Schaumbetonarten werden in der Literatur mit zwischen 400 und 2.000 kg/m3 angegeben.Foam concrete is usually produced with a flowable consistency and is used, among other things, for heat-insulating components, for light leveling layers, for filling cavities of all kinds deployed. Densities of known types of foamed concrete are given in the literature as between 400 and 2,000 kg/m 3 .
Die Anmelder haben ein Verfahren entwickelt, mit dem Bauteile aus Schaumbeton mit geringerer Rohdichte gefertigt werden können.The applicants have developed a method with which components can be manufactured from foamed concrete with a lower bulk density.
Erfindungsgemäß werden die einzelnen Schichten der erfindungsgemäßen Blocksteine gesondert hergestellt und nach Herstellung der einzelnen Schalenteile miteinander zu einem Blockbaustein verbunden. Diese Herstellung eines Blockbausteines erfolgt nicht auf der Baustelle sondern in einem Werk. Auf der Baustelle kann insoweit der bereits als Handhabungseinheit aus den drei Schalenteilen zusammengesetzte Blockbaustein bereitgestellt werden.According to the invention, the individual layers of the blocks according to the invention are produced separately and, after the production of the individual shell parts, are connected to one another to form a block building block. This production of a block building block does not take place on the construction site but in a factory. In this respect, the block building block already assembled as a handling unit from the three shell parts can be provided on the construction site.
Der erfindungsgemäße Blockstein weist zwei Außenschalen mit einer dazwischen angeordneten Mittelschale auf. Sämtliche drei Schalen bestehen aus Schaumbeton. Sie weisen daher ein einheitliches Bauprinzip auf, wobei die Schalen unterschiedliche Rohdichten aufweisen. Während die Außenschalen jeweils eine höhere Rohdichte, vorteilhaft beispielsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 350 und 700 kg/m3 aufweisen, weist die Mittelschale eine demgegenüber geringere, insbesondere erheblich geringere Rohdichte auf, die insbesondere in einem Bereich zwischen 80 und 100 kg/m3 liegt. Die gesondert gefertigten Schalen werden nach Ihrem vollständigen Aushärten miteinander fest verbunden. Eine feste Verbindung der beiden Außenschalen miteinander kann bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass diese beiden Außenschalen zunächst gesondert gefertigt werden, und sodann die Mittelschale durch Vergießen eines Freiraums zwischen den Außenschalen gebildet wird. Nach dem Erhärten der Mittelschale sind die beiden Außenschalen miteinander fest über die Mittelschale verbunden.The block according to the invention has two outer shells with a middle shell arranged in between. All three shells are made of foam concrete. They therefore have a uniform construction principle, with the shells having different bulk densities. While the outer shells each have a higher bulk density, advantageously in a range between 350 and 700 kg/m 3 , for example, the middle shell has a lower, in particular significantly lower bulk density, which is in particular in a range between 80 and 100 kg/m 3 . The separately manufactured shells are firmly connected to each other after they have fully hardened. In one embodiment of the invention, a firm connection of the two outer shells to one another can also be achieved by first manufacturing these two outer shells separately and then forming the middle shell by casting a free space between the outer shells. After the middle shell has hardened, the two outer shells are firmly connected to one another via the middle shell.
Die Herstellung der einzelnen Schalen kann beispielsweise erfolgen, indem große Blöcke, z. B. mehrere Kubikmeter große Blöcke, aus Schaumbeton gefertigt und sodann in kleinere Teile zerteilt, insbesondere gesägt werden. Ein entsprechendes kleineres Teil kann sodann eine Außenschale - oder auch eine Mittelschale - bereitstellen.The production of the individual shells can be done, for example, by large blocks, z. B. blocks of several cubic meters Made foam concrete and then divided into smaller parts, especially sawn. A corresponding smaller part can then provide an outer shell—or a middle shell.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist eine erste Außenschale eine Schichtdicke von wenigstens 17,5 cm auf. Der Begriff Schichtdicke der ersten Außenschale bezieht sich auf die Tiefe des Blocksteins, so dass die Schichtdicke in Tiefenrichtung gemessen wird. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen, dass diese erste Außenschale gut zu einem Lastabtrag beitragen kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a first outer shell has a layer thickness of at least 17.5 cm. The term layer thickness of the first outer layer refers to the depth of the block, so the layer thickness is measured in the depth direction. In this embodiment, it is advantageously provided that this first outer shell can make a good contribution to load transfer.
Des Weiteren ist bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung vorgesehen, dass die Mittelschicht eine Schichtdicke zwischen 14 und 20 cm aufweist. Hier bezieht sich der Begriff Schichtdicke wiederum auf die durch die Tiefe vorgegebene Richtung des Blocksteines. Die erfindungsgemäß vorgegebene Schichtdicke zwischen 14 und 20 cm ermöglicht die Erzielung einer sehr guten Wärmedämmung durch den Blockstein.Furthermore, in an embodiment according to the invention, it is provided that the middle layer has a layer thickness of between 14 and 20 cm. Here, the term layer thickness again refers to the direction of the block given by the depth. The layer thickness of between 14 and 20 cm specified according to the invention makes it possible to achieve very good thermal insulation through the block.
Weiter vorteilhaft kann bei einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen sein, dass der Blockstein eine Höhe zwischen 20 und 30 cm, insbesondere etwa 24,9 cm aufweist. Damit wird ein Blockstein herkömmlicher Bauform bereitgestellt.It can also advantageously be provided in one embodiment that the block has a height of between 20 and 30 cm, in particular approximately 24.9 cm. A block of conventional design is thus provided.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Blockstein eine Breite zwischen 40 und 60 cm, insbesondere etwa 49,8 cm auf. Hierdurch wird ein Blockstein mit einer Breite bereitgestellt, die der Breite herkömmlicher Blocksteine entspricht.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the block has a width of between 40 and 60 cm, in particular approximately 49.8 cm. This provides a block with a width that corresponds to the width of conventional blocks.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Blockstein eine Tiefe zwischen 40 und 55 cm auf, insbesondere etwa zwischen 42,5 und 50 cm auf. Hierdurch wird ein Blockstein mit einer herkömmlichen Tiefe bereitgestellt.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the block has a depth of between 40 and 55 cm, in particular approximately between 42.5 and 50 cm. This provides a block of conventional depth.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung trägt nur die dickere der beiden Außenschalen zum Lastabtrag bei. Hierdurch besteht die Möglichkeit, die erste Außenschale mit einer großen Schichtdicke auszubilden und die zweite Außenschale mit einer geringeren Schichtdicke auszubilden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, only the thicker of the two outer shells contributes to the load transfer. This makes it possible to design the first outer shell with a large layer thickness and to design the second outer shell with a smaller layer thickness.
Bei einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung tragen beide Außenschalen zum Lastabtrag bei. Hierdurch wird Möglichkeit bereitgestellt, eine bessere Lastabtragung durch den Blockstein insgesamt zu erzielen.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, both outer shells contribute to the load transfer. This provides the opportunity to achieve better load transfer through the block as a whole.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist der Blockstein dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittelschale zur Wärmedämmung derart beiträgt, dass der Blockstein Wärmedämmeigenschaften aufweist, die den Wärmedämmeigenschaften herkömmlicher Wärmedämmverbundsysteme entsprechen.According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the block is characterized in that the middle shell contributes to thermal insulation in such a way that the block has thermal insulation properties that correspond to the thermal insulation properties of conventional thermal insulation composite systems.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Verbindung zwischen einer Außenschale und der Mittelschicht, die insbesondere durch Verbindungsmittel bereitgestellt ist, das Folgende:
- a) Gemäß einer Variante wird Zementmilch eingesetzt. Die Zementmilch kann eine dauerhafte sichere und feste Verbindung zwischen jeweils einer Außenschale und der Mittelschale bereitstellen.
- b) Gemäß einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfassen die Verbindungsmittel Klebemörtel oder Kunstharzkleber. Hierdurch kann eine optimierte Verbindung zwischen jeweils einer Außenschale und der Mittelschale erzielt werden.
- c) Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Verbindung zwischen Außenschale und Mittelschale Verbindungsmittel in Form von Formschlusselementen und einer Ausgleichsschicht. Die Formschlusselemente können beispielsweise mit oder ohne Aufbringung einer Ausgleichsschicht an den einzelnen Schalen festgelegt werden. So können auf der der ersten Außenschale zugewandten Seite der Mittelschale ein erstes Formschlusselement und auf der der Mittelschale zugewandten Seite der ersten Außenschale ein entsprechendes komplementäres Formschlusselement vorgesehen werden. Beide Formschlusselemente können in einer Ausgleichsschicht angeordnet werden. Die Verbindung zwischen Außenschale und Mittelschale wird bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel also ausschließlich oder teilweise durch Formschlusselemente bereitgestellt, die Kräfte aufnehmen können.
- d) Gemäß einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfassen die Verbindungsmittel Dübel oder Befestigungselemente oder Befestigungsbolzen, die jeweils zwei der Schalen miteinander verbinden. Die Dübel oder Befestigungselemente oder Befestigungsbolzen stellen gesonderte Befestigungselemente dar, die jeweils mindestens eine Außenschale und die Mittelschale zumindest teilweise durchdringen oder in diese beiden Schalen zumindest teilweise hinein eindringen. Von der Erfindung ist auch umfasst, wenn Dübel vorgesehen sind, die die Mittelschale vollständig durchdringen.
- e) Gemäß einer weiteren alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfassen die Verbindungsmittel in der jeweiligen Schale angeordnete Einlegerelemente zur Bereitstellung eines Formschlusses. Hier kann bereits bei der Herstellung der einzelnen Schalen durch Einlegen eines entsprechenden Formschlussmittels in das noch nicht fertig ausgehärtete Bauteil dafür gesorgt werden, dass die fertig ausgebildete ausgehärtete Schale Formschlusselemente aufweist, die aus der jeweiligen Hüllkontur der Schale herausragen und mit formkomplementären Formschlusselementen an der jeweils gegenüberliegenden Schale in Eingriff geraten können und auf diese Weise eine sichere Verbindung zwischen jeweils zwei Schalen bereitstellen können. Von der Erfindung ist aber auch umfasst, wenn die Formschlussmittel an der bereits ausgehärteten Schale befestigt werden, beispielsweise eingeschlagen werden, festgeschraubt werden oder auf andere Weise festgelegt werden.
- f) Bei einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird zur Herstellung eines festen Verbundes zwischen den Außenschalen und der Mittelschale, die auch als Kernschale bezeichnet wird, die Kernschale durch Vergießen der als Schalung dienenden Außenschale mittels Schaumbeton hergestellt. Nach dem Aushärten der Kernschale wird erfindungsgemäß bei dieser Variante eine feste Verbindung zwischen den Außenschalen und der Mittelschale ohne weitere Hilfsmittel oder dazwischen liegende Schichten möglich.
- a) According to one variant, cement milk is used. The cement milk can provide a permanent, secure and firm connection between an outer shell and the middle shell.
- b) According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the connecting means comprise adhesive mortar or synthetic resin adhesive. In this way, an optimized connection can be achieved between an outer shell and the middle shell.
- c) According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the connection between the outer shell and the middle shell comprises connecting means in the form of positive-locking elements and a compensation layer. The form-fitting elements can be fixed to the individual shells, for example, with or without the application of a compensation layer. Thus, a first form-fitting element can be provided on the side of the middle shell facing the first outer shell and a corresponding complementary form-fitting element can be provided on the side of the first outer shell facing the middle shell. Both form-fitting elements can be arranged in a compensation layer. In this exemplary embodiment, the connection between the outer shell and the middle shell is provided exclusively or partially by positive-locking elements that can absorb forces.
- d) According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the connecting means comprise dowels or fastening elements or fastening bolts, which in each case connect two of the shells to one another. The dowels or fastening elements or fastening bolts represent separate fastening elements which in each case at least partially penetrate at least one outer shell and the middle shell or at least partially penetrate into these two shells. The invention also includes the provision of dowels that completely penetrate the middle shell.
- e) According to a further alternative embodiment of the invention, the connecting means comprise insert elements arranged in the respective shell in order to provide a form fit. Here, already during the production of the individual shells, by inserting a corresponding form-fitting means into the not yet fully cured component, it can be ensured that the fully formed, hardened shell has form-fitting elements that protrude from the respective enveloping contour of the shell and with form-complementary form-fitting elements on the opposite one Shell can engage and in this way can provide a secure connection between each two shells. However, the invention also includes when the form-fitting means are fastened to the shell that has already hardened, for example being hammered in, screwed tight or fixed in some other way.
- f) In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the core shell is produced by casting the outer shell, which serves as formwork, using foamed concrete to produce a firm bond between the outer shells and the middle shell, which is also referred to as the core shell. After the core shell has hardened, according to the invention, in this variant, a firm connection between the outer shells and the middle shell is possible without further aids or intermediate layers.
Bei dieser Variante kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Verbindungsbereich zwischen den zuvor gefertigten Außenschalen und der durch Vergießen hergestellten Mittelschale unter Zuhilfenahme zusätzlicher Formschlussmittel erfolgt. So kann beispielsweise auf den jeweiligen Innenseiten der Außenschale eine Oberflächenkontur vorgesehen sein, die mit Vorsprüngen und/oder mit Ausnehmungen ausgestaltet ist. Beispielsweise können die jeweiligen Innenseiten der Außenschale mit entsprechenden Rillen oder Nuten versehen sein, die beispielsweise durch Bohren, Sägen oder Fräsen hergestellt worden sind. Auf diese Weise wird eine nicht glatte oder nicht plane Oberfläche an der Innenseite der Außenschale erzielt. Die Ausnehmungen (wie Rillen und Nuten) oder Vorsprünge können den Verbund zwischen Außenschale und zu gießender Mittelschale aufgrund des zusätzlichen Formschlusses verbessern. Die beiden Außenschalen können als Teile einer Schalung eingesetzt werden, und die Kernschale kann durch Vergießen mit Schaumbeton hergestellt werden. Nach dem Aushärten der Mittelschale wird ein Verbundquerschnitt erreicht, der durch das Vergießen und zusätzlich durch einen Formschluss besonders gut und sicher miteinander verbunden ist.In this variant, it can also be provided that the connection area between the outer shells produced beforehand and the middle shell produced by casting takes place with the aid of additional form-fitting means. For example, a surface contour can be provided on the respective inner sides of the outer shell, which is designed with projections and/or with recesses. For example, the respective insides of the Outer shell may be provided with appropriate grooves or grooves that have been made for example by drilling, sawing or milling. In this way, a non-smooth or non-planar surface is achieved on the inside of the outer shell. The recesses (such as grooves and grooves) or projections can improve the bond between the outer shell and the middle shell to be cast due to the additional positive fit. The two outer shells can be used as parts of a formwork and the core shell can be made by pouring foam concrete. After the middle shell has hardened, a composite cross-section is achieved which is connected to one another particularly well and securely by the casting and also by a positive fit.
Der Erfindung liegt des weiteren die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem ein Blockstein der zuvor beschriebenen Art auf einfache Weise hergestellt werden kann.The invention is also based on the object of specifying a method with which a block of the type described above can be produced in a simple manner.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 13 und - unabhängig davon - mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 14 oder des Anspruches 15.The invention solves this problem with the features of
Zur Würdigung dieser Erfindungen kann auf die obigen Ausführungen sowie auf die Beschreibung der Figuren verwiesen werden.To appreciate these inventions, reference can be made to the above explanations and to the description of the figures.
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich anhand der nicht zitierten Unteransprüche, sowie anhand in den Ausführungsbeispielen dargestellter Zeichnungen. Darin zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Blocksteins in einer perspektivischen schematischen Ansicht,
- Fig. 2
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Blocksteines in einer teilgeschnittenen schematischen Darstellung etwa gemäß Ansichtspfeil II in
Fig. 1 , wobei zwischen jeweils zwei Schalen eine Verbindungsschicht vorgesehen ist, - Fig. 3
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Blocksteines in einer teilgeschnittenen schematischen Darstellung entsprechend etwa einem Querschnitt durch einen Blockstein gemäß
Fig. 1 , wobei Dübel angedeutet sind, die jeweils zwei Schalen miteinander verbinden, - Fig. 4
- in einer Darstellung gemäß
Fig. 3 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel, wobei Dübel vorgesehen sind, die die Mittelschale vollständig durchgreifen und jeweils in beiden Außenschalen eingreifen, - Fig. 5
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Fig. 3 , wobei Formschlussmittel in Form von noppenartigen Vorsprüngen an jeweils einer Schale und entsprechende Ausnehmungen für die Vorsprünge an der jeweils gegenüberliegenden Schale vorgesehen sind, - Fig. 6
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Darstellung gemäß
Fig. 3 , wobei zur Verbindung jeweils zweier Schalen miteinander Formschlussmittel noch Art hakenartiger Vorsprünge und komplementärer Ausnehmungen vorgesehen sind, - Fig. 7
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Darstellung gemäß
Fig. 6 , wobei in den entsprechenden Schalen verankerte Krallen oder Formschlusselemente vorgesehen sind, - Fig. 8
- in einer Darstellung gemäß der Darstellung der
Fig. 7 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Blocksteins, bei dem eine Füllschicht oder Ausgleichsschicht vorgesehen ist, - Fig. 9
- in einer teilgeschnittenen schematischen Ansicht ähnlich der Darstellung der
Fig. 3 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, bei der der Blockstein im Herstellen begriffen ist, wobei zwei im fertigen Zustand des Blocksteins die Außenschalen bildende Elemente dargestellt sind, und in den zwischen den beiden Außenschalen befindlichen Hohlraum gerade flüssige Schaumbetonmasse eingefüllt wird, wobei zusätzlich eine Bodenschalungswand und eine Seitenschalungswand dargestellt sind, - Fig. 10
- das Ausführungsbeispiel der
Fig. 9 in einer schematischen Draufsicht etwa entlang Ansichtspfeil X inFig. 9 ohne die Vorrichtung zum Einfüllen der flüssigen Schaumbetonmasse, - Fig. 11
- in einer Darstellung gemäß
Fig. 3 den nach Entfernen der Schalungswände fertiggestellten Blockstein gemäß derFiguren 9 ,und 10 - Fig. 12
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in einer Darstellung gemäß
Fig. 9 , wobei an den Innenseiten der die Außenschalen bereitstellenden Elemente nutförmige Ausnehmungen vorgesehen sind, - Fig. 13
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wobei zwischen zwei plattenförmigen Körpern der dazwischen befindliche Freiraum mit einer flüssigen Betonschaummasse befüllt wird, vergleichbar der Darstellung der
Fig. 9 , wobei der zu bildende Formkörper ein Mehrfaches der Höhe eines Blocksteins und ggf. ein Mehrfaches der Breite eines Blocksteins aufweist, und - Fig. 14
- in einer schematischen Ansicht das Ausführungsbeispiel der
Fig. 13 gemäß Ansichtspfeil XIV, wobei der gebildete Formkörper etwa die dreifache Höhe eines Blocksteins und etwa die dreifache Breite eines Blocksteins aufweist, wobei die seitlichen Schalungswände und die Bodenschalungswand dargestellt sind, und wobei vier Trennlinien dargestellt sind.
- 1
- a first embodiment of a block according to the invention in a perspective schematic view,
- 2
- a further exemplary embodiment of a block according to the invention in a partially sectioned schematic representation approximately according to view arrow II in
1 , whereby a connecting layer is provided between each two shells, - 3
- a further exemplary embodiment of a block according to the invention in a partially sectioned schematic representation corresponding approximately to a cross section through a block according to FIG
1 , where dowels are indicated, which connect two shells with each other, - 4
- in a representation according to
3 a further embodiment in which dowels are provided which completely pass through the middle shell and each engage in both outer shells, - figure 5
- another embodiment according to
3 , wherein form-fitting means in the form of nub-like projections are provided on one shell in each case and corresponding recesses for the projections on the opposite shell in each case, - 6
- another exemplary embodiment in a representation according to FIG
3 , wherein form-fitting means of hook-like projections and complementary recesses are also provided for connecting two shells to each other, - 7
- another exemplary embodiment in a representation according to FIG
6 , wherein anchored claws or form-fitting elements are provided in the corresponding shells, - 8
- in a representation according to the representation of the
7 a further embodiment of a block in which a filling layer or leveling layer is provided, - 9
- in a partially sectioned schematic view similar to the representation of
3 a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the block is in the process of being manufactured, with two elements forming the outer shells in the finished state of the block being shown, and liquid foam concrete mass being poured into the cavity located between the two outer shells, with a bottom formwork wall and a side formwork wall are shown, - 10
- the embodiment of the
9 in a schematic plan view approximately along view arrow X in9 without the device for filling the liquid foam concrete mass, - 11
- in a representation according to
3 the finished block after removing the formwork walls according to theFigures 9 and 10 , - 12
- another exemplary embodiment of the invention in a representation according to FIG
9 , groove-shaped recesses being provided on the insides of the elements providing the outer shells, - 13
- a further embodiment of the invention, wherein between two plate-shaped bodies the space in between is filled with a liquid concrete foam mass, comparable to the representation of FIG
9 , wherein the shaped body to be formed has a multiple of the height of a block and optionally a multiple of the width of a block, and - 14
- in a schematic view the embodiment of
13 according to view arrow XIV, wherein the shaped body formed has about three times the height of a block and about three times the width of a block, the side formwork walls and the bottom formwork wall being shown, and four dividing lines being shown.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung, auch unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen, beispielhaft beschrieben. Dabei werden der Übersichtlichkeit halber - auch soweit unterschiedliche Ausführungsbespiele betroffen sind - gleiche oder vergleichbare Teile oder Elemente oder Bereiche mit gleichen Bezugszeichen, teilweise unter Hinzufügung kleiner Buchstaben, bezeichnet.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described by way of example in the following description of the figures, also with reference to the drawings. For the sake of clarity - even if different exemplary embodiments are concerned - the same or comparable parts or elements or areas are denoted by the same reference symbols, sometimes with the addition of lowercase letters.
Die Erfindung ist in den Ansprüchen definiert.The invention is defined in the claims.
Der in seiner Gesamtheit in den Figuren mit 10 bezeichnete Blockstein wird zunächst anhand der perspektivischen schematischen Darstellung nach
- Der Blockstein umfasst eine dem Betrachter der
Fig. 1 entgegentretende Schmalseite 11,eine Breitseite 12 und eine Oberseite 13.Der Blockstein 10 ist damit insgesamt quaderförmig ausgebildet. Die übrigen drei Seiten des Blocksteines sind inFig. 1 nicht sichtbar. - Der Blockstein weist eine Höhe H auf, die bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel z. B. zwischen 20 und 30 cm betragen kann, vorteilhafterweise etwa 24,9 cm beträgt. Der Blockstein weist darüber hinaus eine Breite B auf, die z. B. zwischen 40 und 60 cm beträgt, und vorteilhafterweise bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel 49,8 cm beträgt.
- Der Blockstein weist schließlich eine Tiefe T auf, die zwischen z. B. 40 und 55 cm betragen kann, bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel beispielsweise 42,5 cm, bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel 50 cm betragen kann.
- The block includes a to the viewer of the
1 opposingnarrow side 11, abroad side 12 and a top 13. Theblock 10 is thus formed a cuboid overall. The remaining three sides of the block are in1 not visible. - The block has a height H, which in the embodiment z. B. can be between 20 and 30 cm, advantageously about 24.9 cm. The block also has a width B, z. B. is between 40 and 60 cm, and is advantageously 49.8 cm in the embodiment.
- The block finally has a depth T, which is between z. 40 and 55 cm, for example 42.5 cm in one embodiment, 50 cm in another embodiment.
Die angegebenen Maße bzw. Maßbereiche ermöglichen eine Bereitstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Blocksteines 10 mit Maßen, wie sie von herkömmlichen Blocksteinen aus anderen Materialien an sich bekannt sind.The specified dimensions or dimensional ranges make it possible to provide a
Der Blockstein dient dazu, eine Gebäudewand oder einen Teil einer Gebäudewand durch Zusammenmauern mit anderen Blocksteinen oder anderen Arten von Steinen oder Elementen zu ermöglichen.The block serves to make possible a building wall or a part of a building wall by bricking together with other blocks or other types of stones or elements.
Der erfindungsgemäße Blockstein umfasst drei Schalen 14, 15 und 16:
Die erste Schale 14 ist eine lasttragende Außenschale 14 mit einer Dicke D1. Die Dicke D1 kann zwischen 17,5 und 30 cm betragen. Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel kann angenommen werden, dass die Dicke D1. 17,5 cm beträgt. Diese Außenschale 14, die auch als erste Außenschale bezeichnet wird, ist lasttragend ausgebildet.The block according to the invention comprises three
The
Der Blockstein 10 weist darüber hinaus eine zweite Außenschale 15 auf, die eine Dicke D3 aufweist, die kleiner ist als die Dicke D1. Beispielsweise kann die zweite Außenschale 15 eine Dicke D1 von nur 7,5 cm aufweisen. Die zweite Außenschale ist für den Fall, dass die Dicke D1 kleiner als 17,5 cm ausgebildet ist, insbesondere nicht lasttragend ausgebildet.The
Der erfindungsgemäße Blockstein 10 weist darüber hinaus eine dritte Schale in Form der Mittelschale 16 auf. Die Mittelschale 16 kann eine Dicke D2 zwischen 14 und 20 cm aufweisen.The
Sämtliche drei Schalen 14, 15, 16 bestehen aus einem sogenannten Schaumbeton. Schaumbeton ist von Porenbeton zu unterscheiden und wird auf eine gänzlich andere Art und Weise hergestellt. Schaumbeton weist im fertig ausgehärteten Zustand Poren (beispielhaft angedeutet durch die Poren 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d, 17e) auf, die nicht oder jedenfalls überwiegend nicht miteinander verbunden sind. Die Schalen 14, 15, 16 können also kein Wasser aufnehmen bzw. nur in äußerst geringen Maße Wasser aufnehmen.All three
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Angemerkt sei in diesem Zusammenhang, dass die schematische Darstellung der
Größe und Form der Poren sind natürlich beliebig und hängen von der Art des verwendeten Schaumes ab, der mit dem Zementleim vermischt wird. Auch kommt es natürlich auf das Mischverhältnis an.The size and shape of the pores are of course arbitrary and depend on the type of foam used, which is mixed with the cement paste. Of course, it also depends on the mixing ratio.
Grundsätzlich gilt natürlich, dass je größer der Anteil des Schaumes ist, und je kleiner der Anteil des verwendeten Zementleims im Mischungsverhältnis ist, umso geringer ist die Dichte des aus dem Mix oder aus der Mischung erhaltenen Schaumbetons.In principle, of course, it applies that the greater the proportion of foam and the smaller the proportion of cement paste used in the mixing ratio, the lower the density of the foamed concrete obtained from the mix or mixture.
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, dass die beiden Außenschalen 14, 15 aus einem Schaumbeton mit einer höheren Rohdichte im Bereich zwischen 350 und 700 kg/m3 bestehen.In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the two
Demgegenüber besteht die Mittelschale 16 aus Schaumbeton mit einer geringeren Rohdichte von 80 bis 100 kg/m3.In contrast, the
Die einzelnen Schalen 14, 15, 16 werden gesondert hergestellt. Beispielsweise wird ein sehr großer Block, von z. B. einem oder mehreren Kubikmetern Größe einer ersten Schaumbetonart mit einer höheren Rohdichte und ein zweiter großer Block oder Körper aus Schaumbeton mit einer demgegenüber geringeren Rohdichte hergestellt. Die entsprechenden Blöcke können sodann in kleinere Teile zertrennt, zerteilt, insbesondere gesägt werden. Die so geschnittenen kleineren Teile weisen dann Abmessungen (Höhe und Breite) auf, die den Abmessungen des zu bildenden Blockbausteins 10 entsprechen.The
Gemäß der Erfindung ist die Mittelschale 16 unter Verwendung von Verbindungsmitteln 18a, 18b sowohl mit der ersten Außenschale 14 als auch mit der zweiten Außenschale 15 fest verbunden. Die feste Verbindung kann durch unterschiedliche Verbindungsmittel 18a, 18b auf gänzlich unterschiedliche Art bereitgestellt sein.According to the invention, the
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Die Zahl und die Art der Anordnung der Dübel 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f ist beliebig. Vorteilhaft ist hier eine möglichst homogen, das heißt gleichverteilte Anordnung der Dübel entlang der entsprechenden Breitseitenflächen der Schalen 14, 15, 16 vorgesehen, um eine gleichmäßige Krafteinleitung zu erzielen.The number and type of arrangement of the
Ausweislich des Ausführungsbeispiels der
Die Formschlussmittel 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d können zumindest entlang einer Richtung eine Unverlierbarkeit der Schalen 14, 15, 16 relativ zueinander gewährleisten.The form-
Von erfindungsgemäßer Bedeutung ist, dass der Blockstein 10 mit seinen drei Schalen 14, 15, 16 insgesamt eine Handhabungseinheit bereitstellt. Weiter vorteilhaft ist gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass jede der Schalen 14, 15, 16 unverlierbar an dem Blockstein 10 gehalten ist.It is important according to the invention that the
Die Größe und Geometrie der Vorsprünge 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d und der vorteilhafterweise jeweils komplementär gebildeten Ausnehmungen 23a, 23b, 23c, 23 d ist beliebig und auf den Einzelfall abzustellen.The size and geometry of the
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung zeigt das Ausführungsbeispiel der
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Ausweislich des Ausführungsbeispiels der
Nachfolgend soll anhand der Figuren ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben werden:
Die beiden Elemente 40, 41 sind so relativ zueinander positioniert, dass sich zwischen Ihnen ein Hohlraum 34 ergibt. Die beiden Elemente 40, 41 bilden eine Schalung 43 aus. Zu der Schalung 43 gehört eine Bodenwand oder ein Schalungsboden 32 sowie weitere Schalungswände 33a, 33b. Die Elemente 40, 41 bilden ebenfalls Bestandteile der Schalung 43 aus.The two
Wie sich anhand der
Nach dem Aushärtenlassen können die Schalungsteile 32, 33a, 33b entnommen werden, und der so gebildete Blockstein 10 gemäß
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Die Ausnehmungen können nach Art von Nuten, Rillen oder anderen beliebig geformten Ausnehmungen bereitgestellt sein. Im Falle von Nuten oder Rillen können diese beliebig orientiert sein.The recesses can be provided in the form of grooves, grooves or other recesses of any shape. In the case of grooves or grooves, they can be oriented in any way.
Gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Der so gebildete Formkörper 44 kann, wie in
In dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Einige der zu fertigenden Blocksteine sind in
Durch dieses Verfahren kann eine besonders produktive Herstellung erreicht werden.A particularly productive production can be achieved by this method.
Claims (15)
- Construction block (10), comprising two outer shells (14, 15) and a middle shell (16) disposed therebetween, wherein the outer shells and the middle shell consist of foamed concrete, foamed concrete being a concrete produced by hardening a mixture of cement paste and foam without the addition of heat and under atmospheric pressure, wherein, when set, the shells of foamed concrete have a plurality of pores which are not or at any rate predominantly not connected so that the shells of foamed concrete can absorb no or only very little water, wherein each of the outer shells has a relatively high bulk density and the middle shell has a lower bulk density in relation to them, and wherein the middle shell is fixedly connected to the two outer shells.
- Construction block according to claim 1, characterised in that each of the outer shells has a bulk density in a range between 350 and 700 kg/m3 and the middle shell has a bulk density in a range between 80 and 100 kg/m3.
- Construction block according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a first outer shell (15) has a layer thickness (D1) of at least 17.5 cm.
- Construction block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a second outer shell (15) has a layer thickness (D3) of less than 17.5 cm.
- Construction block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the middle shell (16) has a layer thickness (D2) between 14 and 20 cm.
- Construction block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the construction block has a height (H) between 20 and 30 cm, in particular approximately 24.9 cm.
- Construction block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the construction block has a width (B) between 40 and 60 cm, in particular approximately 49.8 cm.
- Construction block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the construction block has a depth (T) between 40 and 55 cm, in particular approximately between 42.5 and 50 cm.
- Construction block according to claim 3 and 4, characterised in that only the thicker of the two outer shells (14, 15) contributes to the load transfer or in that both outer shells contribute to the load transfer.
- Construction block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the connection between an outer shell (14, 15) and the middle shell (16) is provided by connection means which comprise the following:a) cement milk (19a, 19b), orb) adhesive mortar (19a, 19b) or synthetic resin adhesive, orc) form-fit components (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d, 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d) and optionally a levelling layer (28), ord) dowels (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f) each of which connect two of the two shells to one another, ore) insert components (26a, 26b, 27a, 27b) disposed in the shell to provide a form fit.
- Construction block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the middle shell (16) is formed by a grout (30) between the two outer shells (14, 15).
- Construction block according to claim 11, characterised in that the inner sides (38a, 38b) of the outer shells (14, 15) are designed to be uneven before the middle shell (16) is cast, wherein recesses (39a, 39b, 39c, 39d) such as holes, grooves or notches are provided in particular.
- Method for producing a construction block (10) made of two outer shells (14, 15) and a middle shell (16), in particular a construction block according to one of the preceding claims, said method comprising the following steps:a) manufacturing a first component (40), a second component (41) and a third component (42) from foamed concrete, wherein the first component (40) and the second component (41) each have a relatively high bulk density and the third component (42) has a lower bulk density in relation to them, and wherein the three components (40, 41, 42) are essentially cuboid in shape,b) connecting the third component (42) to the first component (40) and to the second component (41) in such a way that the third component (42) is disposed between the first and second components, wherein the first component (40) and the second component (41) provide the outer shells (14, 15) and the third component (42) provides the middle shell (16) of the construction bock (10).
- Method for producing a construction block (10) made of two outer shells (14, 15) and a middle shell (16), in particular a construction block according to one of the preceding claims, said method comprising the following steps:a) manufacturing a first component (40) and a second component (41) from foamed concrete, wherein both components (40, 41) are essentially cuboid in shape, and wherein the first component (40) and the second component (41) each have a relatively high bulk density,b) providing a formwork (43), comprising a base (32) and at least two side walls which are provided by the first component (40) and the second component (41),c) pouring a liquid foamed concrete mass (30) into a cavity (34) between the two side walls (40, 41),d) leaving the foamed concrete mass (30) to set, which, when set, has a bulk density that is lower than that of the first two components, and, when set, fixedly connects the first two components (40, 41) to one another,e) removing the formwork (43) or parts (32, 33a, 33b) of the formwork (43) for the construction block (10) formed in this way and/or taking the construction block (10) formed in this way out of the formwork (43), wherein the first two components (40, 41) provide the outer shell (14, 15) of the construction block and the set foamed concrete mass located therebetween provides a middle shell (16) of the construction block.
- Method for producing a construction block (10) made of two outer shells (14, 15) and a middle shell (16), in particular a construction block according to one of the preceding claims, said method comprising the following steps:a) manufacturing a first component (35a) and a second component (35b) from foamed concrete, wherein the two components (35a, 35b) are essentially designed as panels, and wherein the first component and the second component each have a relatively high bulk density,b) providing a formwork (43), comprising a base (32) and at least two side walls which are provided by the first component (35a) and the second component (35b),c) pouring a liquid foamed concrete mass (30) into a cavity (34) between the two side walls (35a, 35b),d) leaving the foamed concrete mass (30) to set, which, when set, has a bulk density that is lower than that of the first two components, and, when set, fixedly connects the first two components (35a, 35b) to one another,e) removing the formwork (43) or parts (32) of the formwork from the shaped article (44) formed in this way and/or taking the shaped article (44) formed in this way out of the formwork (43),f) severing the shaped article (44), wherein, as a result of the separation process, a plurality of construction blocks (10a, 10b, 10c) are obtained from the shaped article, wherein sections of the first two components (35a, 35b) provide the respective outer shells (14, 15) of a construction block and sections of the set foamed concrete mass (30) located therebetween provide a middle shell (16) of the respective construction block (10a, 10b, 10c).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017126749.2A DE102017126749A1 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | block stone |
PCT/DE2018/100810 WO2019096342A1 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-09-25 | Construction block |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3710645A1 EP3710645A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
EP3710645B1 true EP3710645B1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
Family
ID=63914739
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18789317.7A Active EP3710645B1 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-09-25 | Construction block |
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EP (1) | EP3710645B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017126749A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019096342A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
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FR1070210A (en) * | 1953-01-30 | 1954-07-20 | Cie D Entpr S Electr | isothermal building elements |
CH421450A (en) * | 1961-12-07 | 1966-09-30 | G Funk Friedrich | Sheathed lightweight building block |
EP2070671A1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-17 | CELLUMAT, naamloze vennootschap | Method for manufacturing layered building components |
DE102010023726A1 (en) * | 2010-06-14 | 2011-12-15 | Xella Baustoffe Gmbh | Building board and method and apparatus for producing the building board |
CN105544842A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆胜禹新型材料有限公司 | Novel composite wall brick |
GB2540619A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-25 | Termokir Ind (1980) Ltd | Monolithic building block |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3530138A1 (en) * | 1985-08-23 | 1987-02-26 | Heinz Dennert | Sandwich-type building block for exterior masonry structures |
DE10163994A1 (en) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-07-03 | Veit Dennert Kg Baustoffbetr | Method for producing a heat insulating wall block with a load-carrying inner shell, a heat insulating shell and a protective outer shell comprises joining pre produced shells to one another |
DE102006019796A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-10-31 | Ziegelwerk Ott Deisendorf Gmbh & Co. Besitz-Kg | Brick-work sandwich unit for installation in brick-work, has foam layer that is arranged between static wall unit and plaster base unit and connects wall unit and base unit together in fixed manner |
WO2010109270A1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-30 | Marco Tarello | Proceeding for manufacturing an insulating building product for buildings and building product thereby obtained |
-
2017
- 2017-11-14 DE DE102017126749.2A patent/DE102017126749A1/en active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-09-25 WO PCT/DE2018/100810 patent/WO2019096342A1/en unknown
- 2018-09-25 EP EP18789317.7A patent/EP3710645B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1070210A (en) * | 1953-01-30 | 1954-07-20 | Cie D Entpr S Electr | isothermal building elements |
CH421450A (en) * | 1961-12-07 | 1966-09-30 | G Funk Friedrich | Sheathed lightweight building block |
EP2070671A1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-17 | CELLUMAT, naamloze vennootschap | Method for manufacturing layered building components |
DE102010023726A1 (en) * | 2010-06-14 | 2011-12-15 | Xella Baustoffe Gmbh | Building board and method and apparatus for producing the building board |
GB2540619A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-25 | Termokir Ind (1980) Ltd | Monolithic building block |
CN105544842A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆胜禹新型材料有限公司 | Novel composite wall brick |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102017126749A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
WO2019096342A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
EP3710645A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
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26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20240108 |