EP3702528B1 - Papier a cigarette, procede et appareil pour sa fabrication, et cigarette - Google Patents

Papier a cigarette, procede et appareil pour sa fabrication, et cigarette Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3702528B1
EP3702528B1 EP20170037.4A EP20170037A EP3702528B1 EP 3702528 B1 EP3702528 B1 EP 3702528B1 EP 20170037 A EP20170037 A EP 20170037A EP 3702528 B1 EP3702528 B1 EP 3702528B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
paper web
cigarette
cigarette paper
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20170037.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3702528A1 (fr
Inventor
Ryo KITAOKA
Tetsuya Yoshimura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Japan Tobacco Inc
Original Assignee
Japan Tobacco Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Japan Tobacco Inc filed Critical Japan Tobacco Inc
Priority to EP20170037.4A priority Critical patent/EP3702528B1/fr
Publication of EP3702528A1 publication Critical patent/EP3702528A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3702528B1 publication Critical patent/EP3702528B1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for making cigarette paper.
  • calendering is publicly known as disclosed in International Application Japanese Translation Publication No. 2003-520910 ( WO01/055505 )and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. Hei 6-344462 ( US 5,169,481 ) identified below.
  • Soft calendering of International Application Japanese Translation Publication No. 2003-520910 ( WO01/055505 ) is used to improve gloss and smoothness of a paper web without reducing its bulk, while calendering of Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. Hei 6-344462 ( US 5,169,481 ) is used to form a laminate from a metal foil strip and a paper strip.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide cigarette paper having a glossiness of at least 10% or higher, and a method and an apparatus for making same.
  • the apparatus for making cigarette paper according to the present invention can make cigarette paper having glossiness of at least 10% or higher.
  • a cigarette paper making method is carried out by a making apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the making apparatus will be outlined below.
  • the making apparatus comprises a traveling path 10 for a paper web W.
  • the traveling path 10 extends from a feed roll R1 to a wind-up roll R2, for example horizontally.
  • the paper web W can be fed from the feed roll R1 and wound onto the wind-up roll R2.
  • the making apparatus further comprises a calendering section 12.
  • the calendering section 12 comprises a roller set 14.
  • the roller set 14 includes a metal roller, which is, for example a steel roller 16, and a resin roller 18.
  • the resin roller 18 is arranged below the traveling path 10, while the steel roller 16 is arranged immediately above the traveling path 10. The traveling path 10 thus is sandwiched between the steel roller 16 and the resin roller 18.
  • the steel roller 16 is made of steel, while the resin roller 18 has an outer cylindrical surface formed of a synthetic resin coating.
  • the hardness of the resin roller which means the surface hardness of the coating of the resin roller 18, is between D-50 and D-120, preferably between D-80 and D-100 in durometer values.
  • the durometer value is obtained by the measuring method specified in JIS K6253.
  • the steel roller 16 as well as the resin roller 18 has an electric heater 20 within themselves.
  • the electric heaters 20 are electrically connected to a power supply (not shown).
  • the power supply can maintain the temperatures of the outer cylindrical surfaces of the steel and resin rollers 16, 18, referred to as "roller temperatures", at a set value by means of the heaters 20.
  • roller temperatures are selected in the range of 25 to 160°C, for example.
  • the making apparatus further comprises a drive source 22 for rotating the steel roller 16 in one direction and an elevating mechanism 24 for moving up and down the resin roller 14 relative to the steel roller 16.
  • the drive source 22 includes a drive motor 26.
  • the drive motor 26 is connected to a roller shaft of the steel roller 16 by means of a pair of power transmission gears 28.
  • the drive source 22 further includes a speed regulator 30 electrically connected to the drive motor 26.
  • the speed regulator 30 can regulate the circumferential speed of the steel roller 16 to a set value by means of the drive motor 26.
  • the elevating mechanism 24 includes a pair of hydraulic cylinders 32.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 32 are connected to the opposite ends of a roller shaft of the resin roller 18, respectively.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 32 are connected to a hydraulic pressure source (not shown) including a hydraulic pump.
  • the hydraulic pressure source controls supply and discharge of a hydraulic fluid to and from the respective hydraulic cylinders 32.
  • the hydraulic pressure source can thus move up and down the resin roller 18 while maintaining it in a horizontal position.
  • the paper web W traveling on the traveling path 10 is compressed as it passes between the steel roller 16 and the resin roller 18.
  • the elevating mechanism 24 includes pressure regulation valves (not shown) assigned to the respective hydraulic cylinders 32.
  • the pressure regulation valves regulate the pressure applied to the steel roller 16 by the resin roller 18.
  • the pressure regulation valves can thus regulate the compressive pressure applied to the paper web W to a set value.
  • the pressure regulation valves are operated manually.
  • FIG. 2 shows operating handles 34 for the pressure regulation valves arranged near the respective hydraulic cylinders 32.
  • temperature sensors 36 are provided to the steel roller 16 and the resin roller 18 to measure the roller temperatures
  • pressure sensors 38 are provided to the respective hydraulic cylinders 32 to measure the compressive pressures (linear pressures) applied to the paper web W.
  • a paper web W is fed from the feed roll R1, where the paper web has desirably a moisture content of 3 to 7wt%.
  • the moisture content is obtained by the measuring method specified in JIS P8123.
  • the paper web W fed passes through the calendering section 12 while sandwiched between the steel roller 16 and the resin roller 18.
  • the steel roller 16 and the resin roller 18 compress the paper web W.
  • the paper web W is supercalendered in this manner, and then, the calendered paper web W is wound onto the wind-up roll R2.
  • the paper web W is supercalendered with its top side and back side in contact with the resin roller 18 and the steel roller 16, respectively.
  • the paper web W is formed from a pulp material suited for cigarette paper in a paper machine.
  • the paper web W has, for example a basis weight of 40 to 63gsm or an apparent density of 600 to 900kg/m 3 .
  • Such paper web is formed into cigarette paper by the above-described supercalendering.
  • the paper web W wound onto the roll R2 is used as cigarette paper to make cigarettes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cigarette, specifically a filtered cigarette FC.
  • the filtered cigarette FC comprises a length of cigarette paper CP.
  • Such cigarette paper CP is 20 to 100 ⁇ m thick, preferably 30 to 90 ⁇ m thick.
  • Supercalendering increases the apparent density of the paper web W. It gives an apparent density of 800 to 1500kg/cm 3 , preferably 1000 to 1300kg/cm 3 to the paper web W.
  • Tensile force applied to the paper web W in supercalendering only needs to be at a level that the paper web W can withstand.
  • the tensile force is 20.0N/15mm or less, preferably 12.5N/15mm or less.
  • the paper web W contains a filler which is effective in improving gloss of the cigarette paper CP in cooperation with supercalendering.
  • the filler may be calcium carbonate, for example.
  • FIG. 3 shows the relation between filler content and glossiness of cigarette paper CP.
  • marks ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ represent cases in which paper web W was supercalendered under differing processing conditions, or in other words, with differing hardness (D-XX) of the resin roller 18 and differing roller temperature (°C).
  • Mark ⁇ represents cases in which paper web W was not supercalendered.
  • the hardness of the resin roller 18 is expressed in aforementioned durometer values.
  • the results of validation test shown in FIG. 3 were obtained with the other processing conditions fixed. Specifically, the traveling speed of paper web W and the compressive pressure (linear pressure) were fixed at 5m/min and 5.6 N/mm, respectively. Incidentally, the traveling speed of paper web W and the compressive pressure may be set appropriately. For example, the traveling speed is selected within the range of 3 to 1000m/min, and the compressive pressure is selected within the range of 3 to 10N/mm.
  • the glossiness of cigarette paper CP was obtained by the measuring method specified in JAPAN TAPPI (the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) No. 72 .
  • the filler content was measured by the measuring method described below.
  • a solution that can dissolve the filler (an acidic solution or a basic solution, for example) is prepared. Then, paper web W is immersed in the solution to cause all the filler to transfer from the paper web W into the solution. Then, the amount of the filler in the solution is measured by an analytical instrument based on capillary electrophoresis or gas-chromatography.
  • FIG. 3 shows the following:
  • the filler content in order to increase the glossiness of cigarette paper CP, it is necessary to increase the filler content or make the processing conditions concerning the roller temperature and hardness of the resin roll 18 harsher for the paper web W.
  • the filler content needs to exceed at least 10gsm, and in order to give the cigarette paper CP glossiness of 15% or higher, the filler content needs to exceed at least 20gsm.
  • too high filler content may lead to decreased tensile strength of the paper web W.
  • the filler content is desirably higher than 20gsm and lower than 50gsm.
  • Table 2 shows the relation between pulp type and glossiness and smoothness of cigarette paper CP.
  • w Pulp type Basis weight [gsm] Pulp content [gsm] Filler content [gsm] Hardness Roller temperature [°C] Glossiness [%] Smoothness [s] #5 Flax 23.5 16.8 6.7 - - 5.1 49.8 D-83 Resin 25 11.4 99.6 80 16.1 433 #6 Wood 16.2 7.3 - 25 5.7 137.9 D-83 Resin 11.4 450.6 80 15.8 480.5
  • Table 3 shows the relation between pulp content and glossiness and smoothness of cigarette paper CP.
  • w Pulp type Basis weight [gsm] Pulp content [gsm] Filler content [gsm] Hardness Roller temperature [°C] Glossiness [%] Smoothness [s] #3 #4 Flax 32 23.7 8.3 - - 4.1 20.1 D-83 Resin 25 9.6 210.1 80 14.2 320 26 17.7 - 25 4.6 58.9 D-83 resin 9.4 275.7
  • FIG. 4 shows the results of sensory evaluation in which eleven assessors evaluated grade of each paper web CP based on glossiness and whiteness.
  • the scale used in the sensory evaluation is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 4 shows that cigarette paper CP with glossiness of 10% or higher and with whiteness of 88 to 90 gives an impression of "high grade", where the glossiness of cigarette paper CP is preferably 15 to 40%.
  • the whiteness of cigarette paper CP was measured by the measuring method specified in JIS P 8148-2001 (ISO 2470).
  • FIG. 6 shows that cigarette paper CP with glossiness of 10% or higher and with opacity of 82 to 92, or in other word, at least 82 or higher gives an impression of "high grade”.
  • the opacity of cigarette paper was measured by the measuring method specified in ISO 2471.
  • FIG. 7 shows that cigarette paper with a smoothness of 400" or higher, preferably 700" or higher gives a good feel.
  • Increase in smoothness of cigarette paper CP is also effective in reducing paper dust produced from cigarette paper CP in the process of making filtered cigarettes. Further, increase in smoothness of cigarette paper CP is also effective in increasing ease of removing a filtered cigarette FC from a cigarette package.
  • Too high smoothness of cigarette paper CP may cause a slip of cigarette paper CP in the wrapping process, or process of wrapping smokable materials including tobacco shreds with the cigarette paper CP, which may lead to reduced productivity in making cigarette rods, and thus, making cigarettes.
  • the smoothness of cigarette paper CP is desirably 3000" or lower, for example.
  • Supercalendering increases the density of cigarette paper CP, and thus, is effective in suppressing flying of ash produced by smoking a filtered cigarette comprising cigarette paper CP.
  • FIG. 8 shows how a filtered cigarette made using a paper web W (#1) not subjected to supercalendeing burns, when left after ignited
  • FIG. 9 shows how a filtered cigarette FC made using cigarette paper CP formed by supercalendering a paper web W (#1) burns, when left after ignited, where supercalendering was performed under conditions of resin roll hardness D-90 and roller temperature 80 °C.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 shows that the filtered cigarette comprising supercalendered cigarette paper produces a stable mass of ash, so that flying of ash is effectively suppressed.
  • supercalending which increases the density of cigarette paper CP, reduces the burning rate of the cigarette paper CP, reduces minute pin holes in the cigarette paper CP and reduces the air permeability of the cigarette paper CP.
  • Controlling of burning rate serves to provide a required appropriate number of puffs per filtered cigarette FC.
  • the controlling is effective when cigarette paper CP not subjected to supercalendering has too high a burning rate to provide an appropriate number of puffs per filtered cigarette FC.
  • Reduction of minute pin holes serves to reduce the amount of visible sidestream smoke from a filtered cigarette FC, and reduction of air permeability serves to improve a sensation of resistance caused by drawing on a filtered cigarette FC at initial puffs.
  • the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiment but may be altered in various ways.
  • a filler for improving gloss of cigarette paper CP other than calcium carbonate may be used alone or in combination with calcium carbonate.
  • the processing conditions for supercalendering other than those concerning the hardness of the resin roller 18 and the roller temperature may be varied.
  • the traveling speed of the paper web W and the compressive pressure applied to it may be varied appropriately.
  • the cigarette diameter representing the transverse size (cross-sectional area) of the filtered cigarette FC comprising cigarette paper CP according to the present invention is not restricted to a specified value.
  • Ordinary cigarettes have a diameter of 7.5 to 8.5mm.
  • the diameter of the cigarette according to the present invention may be selected in the range of 5.0 to 8.5mm.
  • the consumer's perceived glossiness of cigarette paper CP depends on the angular displacement of the consumer's line of sight. Cigarette of smaller diameter, or in other words, cigarette circumference of greater curvature results in greater angular displacement of the consumer's line of sight per unit length of cigarette circumference, so that the consumer perceives higher glossiness of cigarette paper.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Appareil de fabrication de papier à cigarettes, comprenant
    un chemin de déplacement (10) le long duquel une bande de papier (W) contenant une charge dans la quantité dépassant au moins 10 gsm lorsque la bande de papier (W) présente un poids de base de 40 à 63 gsm pour augmenter la brillance est amenée à se déplacer, et
    une section de traitement (12) agencée sur le chemin de déplacement (10) pour satiner la bande de papier (W), formant ainsi la bande de papier (W) en papier à cigarettes, dans lequel
    la section de traitement comprend
    un ensemble de rouleaux (12) pour produire un papier à cigarettes présentant une épaisseur de 20 à 100 µm à partir de la bande de papier (W) en prenant en sandwich la bande de papier (W) et appliquant une pression de compression à la bande de papier (W), l'ensemble de rouleaux (12) comprenant un rouleau en métal (16) agencé au-dessus du chemin de déplacement (10) et un rouleau en résine (18) pour appliquer une pression de compression à la bande de papier (W) et agencé sous le chemin de déplacement (10), dans lequel le rouleau en résine (18) présente une dureté entre D-50 et D-120 en valeurs au duromètre obtenues par le procédé de mesure spécifié dans JIS K6253 ;
    un dispositif de chauffage électrique (20) incorporé dans l'ensemble de rouleaux (12), un capteur de température (36) pour mesurer la température d'ensemble de rouleaux (12) de l'ensemble de rouleaux (12) chauffés par le dispositif de chauffage électrique (20), et
    un capteur de pression (38) pour mesurer une pression de compression appliquée à la bande de papier (W) par l'ensemble de rouleaux (12), dans lequel la section de traitement est adaptée pour effectuer un satinage dans des conditions de traitement qui permettent au papier à cigarettes de présenter un brillant d'au moins 10 % ou plus, par les conditions de traitement concernant la température d'ensemble de rouleaux (12) et la pression de compression respectivement sélectionnées dans la plage prédéterminée.
  2. Appareil de fabrication de papier à cigarettes selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la bande de papier (W) est formée dans une machine à papier qui forme la bande de papier (W) incluant la charge qui augmente non seulement la brillance mais également l'opacité du papier à cigarettes.
  3. Appareil de fabrication de papier à cigarettes selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la machine à papier forme la bande de papier (W) incluant la charge qui inclut du carbonate de calcium.
EP20170037.4A 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier a cigarette, procede et appareil pour sa fabrication, et cigarette Active EP3702528B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20170037.4A EP3702528B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier a cigarette, procede et appareil pour sa fabrication, et cigarette

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15896383.5A EP3312340B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier de cigarette, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de celui-ci, et cigarette
PCT/JP2015/068521 WO2016208065A1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier de cigarette, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de celui-ci, et cigarette
EP20170037.4A EP3702528B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier a cigarette, procede et appareil pour sa fabrication, et cigarette

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15896383.5A Division EP3312340B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier de cigarette, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de celui-ci, et cigarette
EP15896383.5A Division-Into EP3312340B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier de cigarette, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de celui-ci, et cigarette

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3702528A1 EP3702528A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
EP3702528B1 true EP3702528B1 (fr) 2021-12-22

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ID=57585155

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20170037.4A Active EP3702528B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier a cigarette, procede et appareil pour sa fabrication, et cigarette
EP15896383.5A Active EP3312340B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier de cigarette, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de celui-ci, et cigarette

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15896383.5A Active EP3312340B1 (fr) 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 Papier de cigarette, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de celui-ci, et cigarette

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (2) EP3702528B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6469861B2 (fr)
TW (1) TW201700832A (fr)
WO (1) WO2016208065A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023227567A1 (fr) * 2022-05-25 2023-11-30 Swm Luxembourg Filtre pour article à fumer ou à vapoter comprenant un papier lisse

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113950256A (zh) * 2019-06-07 2022-01-18 日本烟草产业株式会社 烟草片、烟杆以及吸烟物品
CN114269170A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2022-04-01 日本烟草国际股份有限公司 吸烟制品包裹物

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JPS5529955A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-03-03 Michiharu Nakayama Tobacco winding paper for fire prevention
US5169481A (en) 1990-03-16 1992-12-08 Philip Morris Incorporated Apparatus making thin laminate structures and forming the structures into lightweight, thin-walled tubes
JPH05279983A (ja) * 1992-03-26 1993-10-26 New Oji Paper Co Ltd 高光沢紙の製造方法
JP2875184B2 (ja) * 1995-03-08 1999-03-24 三島製紙株式会社 チップ原紙、チップペーパー並びにこれを用いたたばこ
JP2883298B2 (ja) * 1995-08-09 1999-04-19 三島製紙株式会社 たばこ用水分散性シート並びにこれを用いたたばこ
CA2204436C (fr) * 1995-09-07 2002-10-01 Akira Yamazaki Papier a cigarette pour produits a base de tabac
FI111401B (fi) 2000-01-28 2003-07-15 M Real Oyj Menetelmä kalanteroidun paperiradan valmistamiseksi sekä kalanteroitu paperituote
UA92852C2 (uk) * 2006-12-11 2010-12-10 Джапан Тобакко Инк. Сигарета з низькою запалювальною здатністю, обгортковий папір для неї і спосіб виготовлення обгорткового паперу
CN101935962B (zh) * 2010-09-07 2011-08-24 牡丹江恒丰纸业股份有限公司 高自然透气度烟用接装纸原纸的生产方法
US20120227754A1 (en) * 2011-03-10 2012-09-13 Norman Alan B Smoking articles and wrapping materials therefor

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023227567A1 (fr) * 2022-05-25 2023-11-30 Swm Luxembourg Filtre pour article à fumer ou à vapoter comprenant un papier lisse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016208065A1 (fr) 2016-12-29
EP3312340B1 (fr) 2021-07-28
EP3312340A4 (fr) 2019-03-20
JPWO2016208065A1 (ja) 2017-12-14
EP3312340A1 (fr) 2018-04-25
EP3702528A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
JP6469861B2 (ja) 2019-02-13
TW201700832A (zh) 2017-01-01

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