EP3699490B1 - Beschickungsofen zur verbrennung von einzuäscherndem material - Google Patents

Beschickungsofen zur verbrennung von einzuäscherndem material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3699490B1
EP3699490B1 EP18868297.5A EP18868297A EP3699490B1 EP 3699490 B1 EP3699490 B1 EP 3699490B1 EP 18868297 A EP18868297 A EP 18868297A EP 3699490 B1 EP3699490 B1 EP 3699490B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
combustion stage
objects
stoker
combustion
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Application number
EP18868297.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3699490A4 (de
EP3699490A1 (de
Inventor
Yoshimasa Sawamoto
Jun Satou
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental and Chemical Engineering Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental and Chemical Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication of EP3699490A4 publication Critical patent/EP3699490A4/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stoker type incinerator for combusting object to be incinerated such as waste.
  • a stoker type incinerator capable of efficiently incinerating a large amount of object to be incinerated without selection is known as an incinerator for incinerating objects to be incinerated such as waste.
  • the stoker type incinerator is equipped with a plurality of treatment stages including a drying stage for drying the objects, a combustion stage for combusting the objects, and a post-combustion stage for further combusting the objects.
  • the inclination angle of the stoker may be inclined so that a downstream side in a conveying direction of an installation surface of all the stages of the drying stage, the combustion stage, and the post-combustion stage is directed downward.
  • the drying stage is simply referred to as being directed downward (the same also applies to the combustion stage and the post-combustion stage).
  • JP H06 84140 A there is a configuration in which the drying stage is inclined downward, and the combustion stage and the post-combustion stage are disposed horizontally
  • JP S57 12053 A there is a configuration in which the drying stage and the combustion stage are inclined downward and the downstream side in the conveying direction of the installation surface of the post-combustion stage is inclined upward
  • JP S50 65062 A there is a configuration in which all the stages are inclined upward.
  • the combustion stage is simply referred to as being directed upward (the same also applies to the case of the drying stage and the post-combustion stage).
  • US 3 937 155 A discloses a combustion furnace for burning refuse which comprises a furnace housing having an inlet adjacent one end and a discharge chute at the opposite end.
  • a grate extends between the inlet for the material to be burned and the discharge and it slopes downwardly toward the discharge but it includes step portions each of which has a grate part which slopes in a direction opposite to the overall sloping of the grate.
  • the overall slope of the grate is about 10° to 20° from the horizontal while the sloping of the individual stepped portions is from between 5° and 10°.
  • JP H09 280520 A discloses a stoker furnace for burning an article to be burned which is adapted such that drying and burning are performed by supplying the article such as refuse onto a stoker composed of a fixed fire grate and a movable fire grate from a feed table.
  • a back inclination angle of the fire grates provided on the stoker extending from a final end side of the feed table to a discharge hole for the burned article are directed upward by 30° to 50° in the direction of conveyance of the article, and the number of steps of the stoker is set to be one, and further a mounting angle of the stoker is directed upward in the direction of conveyance of the article.
  • FR 2 238 899 A1 discloses a combustion plant which has individual successive grates at different inclinations, and may be used for inhomogeneous combustibles e.g. domestic or industrial rubbish and clarification sludge.
  • a fore-grate is horizontal or slightly rising or falling, and is adjoined by a relatively falling main grate, which is adjoined in turn by a horizontal or slightly rising final combustion grate.
  • An overflow edge of the main grate to the final grate is height-adjustable.
  • objects to be incinerated with various properties may be charged to a stoker type incinerator, but objects to be incinerated formed of a slippery material or having a shape to be easy to roll itself such as a spherical shape, or objects to be incinerated with a high moisture content (including large amount of water) may be difficult to incinerate in the same stoker type incinerator as that used for other objects to be incinerated.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a stoker type incinerator for combusting objects to be incinerated such as waste capable of continuously charging the objects regardless of the properties thereof and eliminating combustion residuals of the objects.
  • a stoker type incinerator with the features of claim 1 for combusting objects to be incinerated such as waste which feeds the incinerated object from a feeder and performs each of drying, combustion, and post-combustion, while sequentially conveying the objects, in a drying stage, a combustion stage, and a post-combustion stage, which include a plurality of fixed fire grates and a plurality of movable fire grates, wherein the drying stage is disposed to be inclined so that a downstream side in a conveying direction is directed downward, the combustion stage is connected to the drying stage and disposed to be inclined so that the downstream side end thereof in the conveying direction is directed upward, and the post-combustion stage is connected to the combustion stage and disposed to be inclined so that the downstream side end thereof in the conveying direction is directed upward.
  • drying stage is inclined downward in the conveying direction, it is possible to convey the objects to be incinerated with any properties to the combustion stage without delay. Further, since the combustion stage and the post-combustion stage are inclined upward, the objects do not easily slide down or roll down after the combustion stage and is sufficiently burned and conveyed.
  • an end portion of the post-combustion stage on the downstream side in the conveying direction may be disposed in a vertical direction substantially at the same position as the end portion of the combustion stage on the downstream side in the conveying direction, or at a position higher than the end portion of the combustion stage.
  • each of the fixed fire grates and the movable fire grates may be disposed to be inclined so that the downstream side end thereof in the conveying direction is directed upward with respect to installation surfaces of the drying stage, the combustion stage, and the post-combustion stage.
  • the movable fire grates can be operated to stir and feed the objects to be incinerated on the fixed fire grates to the downstream side in the conveying direction while stirring.
  • each of the drying stage, the combustion stage, and the post-combustion stage may have a driving mechanism configured to drive the plurality of included movable fire grates, and driving speeds in the drying stage, the combustion stage, and the post-combustion stage are set to same speed or different speed in at least one of the drying stage, the combustion stage, and the post-combustion stage with respect to the other.
  • the combustion stage and the post-combustion stage may be continuously connected to each other without steps.
  • At least one of the movable fire grates of the drying stage may be a protrusive fire grate in which a protrusion is formed on the distal end of the protrusive fire grate.
  • At least one of the movable fire grates of the combustion stage may be a protrusive fire grate in which a protrusion is formed on the distal end of the protrusive fire grate.
  • a stoker inclination angle of the drying stage may be arranged at an angle between -15° and -25°, and the stoker inclination angle of the combustion stage and the post-combustion stage may be arranged at an angle between +5° and +15°.
  • the stoker inclination angle of the drying stage may be -20°, and the stoker inclination angle of the combustion stage and the post-combustion stage may be arranged at +10°.
  • the present invention it is possible to continuously charge the objects to be incinerated, regardless of the properties of the objects to be incinerated, and it is possible to eliminate the combustion residuals of the objects.
  • the stoker type incinerator of the present embodiment is a stoker type incinerator for combustion of objects to be incinerated such as waste, and, as illustrated in Fig. 1 , includes a hopper 2 for temporarily storing the objects T to be incinerated, an incineration furnace 3 for combusting the objects T, a feeder 4 for feeding the objects T to the incineration furnace 3, a stoker 5 (including fire grates 15 and 16 of a drying stage 11, a combustion stage 12, and a post-combustion stage 13) provided on a bottom side of the incineration furnace 3, and a wind box 6 provided below the stoker 5.
  • a hopper 2 for temporarily storing the objects T to be incinerated
  • an incineration furnace 3 for combusting the objects T
  • a feeder 4 for feeding the objects T to the incineration furnace 3
  • a stoker 5 including fire grates 15 and 16 of a drying stage 11, a combustion stage 12, and a post-combustion stage 13
  • the feeder 4 pushes the objects T continuously fed onto a feed table 7 into the incineration furnace 3 via the hopper 2.
  • the feeder 4 is reciprocated on the feed table 7 with a predetermined stroke by a feeder driving device 8.
  • the wind box 6 supplies primary air from a blower (not illustrated) to each part of the stoker 5.
  • the incineration furnace 3 is provided above the stoker 5 and has a combustion chamber 9 including a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber.
  • a blower 10 for feeding secondary air to the combustion chamber 9 is connected to the incineration furnace 3.
  • the stoker 5 is a combustion device in which the fire grates 15 and 16 are arranged in a stepwise manner.
  • the objects T are combusted on the stoker 5.
  • a direction in which the objects T are conveyed is referred to as a conveying direction D.
  • the objects T are conveyed on the stoker 5 in the conveying direction D.
  • a right side is a downstream side D1 in the conveying direction.
  • a surface on which the fire grates 15 and 16 are attached is referred to as an installation surface, and an angle on the conveying direction D formed by a horizontal surface and the installation surface centered on the upstream ends (11b, 12b and 13b) of the drying stage, the combustion stage or the post-combustion stage is referred to as a stoker inclination angle (an installation angle).
  • the stoker inclination angle When the downstream side end of the installation surface in the conveying direction is directed upward from the horizontal plane, the stoker inclination angle is set as a positive value, and when the downstream side of the installation surface in the conveying direction is directed downward from the horizontal plane, the stoker inclination angle is set as a negative value.
  • the stoker 5 has, in order from the upstream side in the conveying direction of the objects T, a drying stage 11 for drying the objects T, a combustion stage 12 for combusting the objects T, and a post-combustion stage 13 for completely combusting unburnt components (post-combustion).
  • drying, combustion, and post-combustion are performed, while sequentially conveying the objects T in the drying stage 11, the combustion stage 12, and the post-combustion stage 13.
  • Each of the stages 11, 12 and 13 has a plurality of fixed fire grates 15 and a plurality of movable fire grates 16.
  • the fixed fire grates 15 and the movable fire grates 16 are alternately arranged in the conveying direction D.
  • the movable fire grates 16 are reciprocated in the conveying direction D.
  • the objects T on the stoker 5 are conveyed and stirred by the reciprocating motion of the movable fire grates 16. That is, lower layer portions of the objects T are moved and replaced with upper layer portions.
  • the drying stage 11 receives the objects T that are pushed out by the feeder 4 and fall into the incineration furnace 3, evaporates the moisture in the objects to be incinerated and partially thermally decomposes the objects T.
  • the combustion stage 12 ignites the objects T dried in the drying stage 11 using the primary air fed from the wind box 6 below the combustion stage 12 and combusts the volatile matter and the fixed carbon content.
  • the post-combustion stage 13 combusts unburnt content such as the fixed carbon content having passed through without being sufficiently burned in the combustion stage 12 until the unburnt content is completely ashed.
  • An ash outlet 17 is provided at the exit of the post-combustion stage 13. The ash is discharged from the incineration furnace 3 through the ash outlet 17.
  • Each of the drying stage 11, the combustion stage 12, and the post-combustion stage 13 has a drive mechanism 18 for driving the movable fire grates 16. That is, the drying stage 11, the combustion stage 12, and the post-combustion stage 13 each have a separate drive mechanism 18 for driving the plurality of movable fire grates 16.
  • the drive mechanism 18 is attached to a beam 19 provided on the stoker 5.
  • the drive mechanism 18 has a hydraulic cylinder 20 attached to the beam 19, an arm 21 operated by the hydraulic cylinder 20, and a beam 22 connected to a distal end of the arm 21.
  • the beam 22 and the movable fire grates 16 are connected to each other via a bracket 23.
  • the arm 21 is operated by expansion and contraction of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 20.
  • the beam 22 configured to move along each of the installation surfaces 11a, 12a and 13a of the stoker 5 moves, and the movable fire grates 16 connected to the beam 22 are driven.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 20 may be used as the drive mechanism 18, there is no limitation thereto, and for example, a hydraulic motor, an electrical cylinder, a conductive linear motor, or the like can be adopted. Further, the form of the drive mechanism 18 is not limited to that of the above-described embodiment, and any form may be adopted as long as the movable fire grates 16 can be made to reciprocate. For example, instead of disposing the arm 21, the beam 22 and the hydraulic cylinder 20 may be connected directly to each other and driven.
  • the stoker type incinerator 1 of the present embodiment can set the driving speed of the movable fire grates 16 in the drying stage 11, the combustion stage 12, and the post-combustion stage 13 to the same speed or to different speeds in at least one of the drying stage 11, the combustion stage 12, and the post-combustion stage 13 with respect to the other.
  • the objects T required to be sufficiently burned in the combustion stage 12 are charged, by decreasing the driving speed of the movable fire grates 16 of the combustion stage 12, and by decreasing the conveying speed of the objects T on the combustion stage 12, the objects T can be sufficiently burned.
  • the fixed fire grates 15 and the movable fire grates 16 are disposed such that the downstream side end thereof in the conveying direction is directed upward with respect to the installation surfaces 11a, 12a and 13a of the drying stage 11, the combustion stage 12, and the post-combustion stage 13. Further, the fire grates 15 and 16 are disposed such that the distal ends of the fire grates 15 and 16 are directed to the downstream side D1 in the conveying direction. Therefore, the movable fire grates 16 are operated to send the objects T on the fixed fire grates 15 to the downstream side D1 in the conveying direction.
  • Some of the movable fire grates 16 of the drying stage 11 may be protrusive fire grates 16P, each of which having a protrusion (others are normal fire grates as will be described later).
  • each of the movable fire grates 16 in a particular area R1 which is corresponds to 50% to 80% of whole area of the drying stage 11 from the downstream side D2 thereof to the upstream side in the conveying direction D, is the protrusive fire grate 16P. Since the drying stage is provided with the protrusive fire grates 16P, it is possible to improve the stirring power of the drying stage.
  • the protrusive fire grate 16P has a plate-like fire grate body 25 and a triangular protrusion 26 formed on the distal end of the fire grate body 25.
  • the protrusion 26 protrudes upward from the top surface of the fire grate body 25.
  • the shape of the protrusion 26 is not limited thereto, and it may be, for example, trapezoidal or round.
  • each of the fixed fire grates 15 of FIG. 3 is a fire grate with no protrusion on the top surface of its distal end, and this shape is called a normal fire grate.
  • some of the movable fire grates 16 are defined as the protrusive fire grates 16P, but it is not limited thereto, and both of the movable fire grates 16 and the fixed fire grates 15 may be the protrusive fire grates.
  • the area in which the protrusive fire grates 16P are provided is not limited to the above-mentioned area, and for example, the protrusive fire grates 16P may be used for all of the fire grates of the drying stage 11.
  • all the fire grates (fixed fire grate and movable fire grate) in the drying stage i may be the normal fire grates.
  • some of the movable fire grates 16 of the combustion stage 12 are the protrusive fire grates 16P.
  • each of the movable fire grates 16 in a particular area R2 which is corresponds to 50% to 80% of a whole area of the combustion stage 12 from the downstream side thereof to the upstream side in the conveying direction, is the protrusive fire grate 16P.
  • the other movable fire grates 16 of the combustion stage 12 are the normal fire grates.
  • both of the movable fire grates 16 and the fixed fire grates 15 may be protrusive grates, depending on the properties and types of the objects T, and all the fire grates (fixed fire grates and movable fire grates) may be used as the normal fire grates.
  • both of the movable fire grates 16 and the fixed fire grates 15 are illustrated as the normal fire grates in Fig. 2 , but as with the drying stage 11 and the combustion stage 12, the protrusive fire grates may be adopted.
  • the drying stage 11 of the stoker 5 of the present embodiment is arranged downward. That is, an installation surface 11a of the drying stage 11 is inclined so that the downstream side in the conveying direction is lower.
  • a stoker inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the drying stage 11, which is the angle between the horizontal plane centered on the end portion 11b on the upstream side of the drying stage 11 and the conveying direction side of the installation surface 11a is -15° (minus 15 degrees) to -25° (minus 25 degrees).
  • the combustion stage 12 of the stoker 5 of the present embodiment is arranged upward. That is, the installation surface 12a of the combustion stage 12 is inclined so that the downstream side in the conveying direction is higher. More specifically, a stoker inclination angle ⁇ 2 of the combustion stage 12, which is an angle between the horizontal plane centered on the upstream end portion 12b of the combustion stage 12 and the conveying direction side of the installation surface 12a is +5° (plus 5 degrees) to +15° (plus 15 degrees).
  • the post-combustion stage 13 of the stoker 5 of the present embodiment is arranged upward. That is, the installation surface 13a of the post-combustion stage 13 is inclined so that the downstream side in the conveying direction becomes higher. More specifically, a stoker inclination angle ⁇ 3 of the post-combustion stage 13, which is an angle between the horizontal plane centered on the upstream end portion 13b of the post-combustion stage 13 and the conveying direction side of the installation surface 13a, is +5° (plus 5 degrees) to +15° (plus 15 degrees).
  • a step (a drop wall) 27 is formed between the drying stage 11 and the combustion stage 12.
  • An end portion 11c of the drying stage 11 on the downstream side in the conveying direction is formed to be higher in the vertical direction than the end portion 12b of the combustion stage 12 on the upstream side in the conveying direction.
  • a step (drop wall) 28 is formed between the combustion stage 12 and the post-combustion stage 13.
  • An end portion 12c of the combustion stage 12 on the downstream side in the conveying direction is formed to be higher in the vertical direction than an end portion 13b of the post-combustion stage 13 on the upstream side in the conveying direction.
  • the end portion 12c of the combustion stage 12 on the downstream side in the conveying direction and the end portion 13c of the post-combustion stage 13 on the downstream side in the conveying direction are substantially at the same position in the vertical direction or the end portion 13c of the post-combustion stage 13 is disposed above the end portion 12c of the combustion stage 12 in the vertical direction.
  • the stoker type incinerator 1 of the present embodiment is an example in which the end portion 12c of the combustion stage 12 on the downstream side in the conveying direction and the end portion 13c of the post-combustion stage 13 on the downstream side in the conveying direction are located at the same position in the vertical direction.
  • the function of the drying stage 11 is to efficiently dry and remove the moisture in the objects T by using the radiant heat from the flame above the objects T and the sensible heat of the primary air from the lower part of the fire grates.
  • the radiation heat from the flame has a higher contribution to the drying than the sensible heat of the primary air, and the drying of the upper layer portion of the objects T easily proceed.
  • the drying speed is improved by moving the lower layer portion of the objects T upward by a stirring operation of the fire grates and replacing the lower layer portion with the upper layer portion.
  • an absolute value of the stoker inclination angle is larger than an angle of repose of the objects T, since the objects T collapse under its own weight and layers of the objects T are not formed, the stoker 5 does not work properly.
  • the absolute value of the stoker inclination angle is smaller than the angle of repose of the objects T, the stoker 5 does work properly, but the movement of the objects T due to gravity (movement due to its own weight) decreases. Further, when the installation surface is directed upward, that is, when the stoker inclination angle is inclined at a positive value (plus value), the gravity acts in a direction of pushing back the objects T from the conveying direction.
  • the optimum stoker inclination angle differs depending on the amount of objects T to be charged and the moisture content of the objects T.
  • the description will be provided on the assumption that a case in which the amount of the objects T to be charged is high and the moisture content is high (the amount of moisture is large) is a case in which the load of the charged objects is large.
  • a case in which the amount of objects T to be charged is small and the moisture content is low is a case in which the load of the charged objects is small.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a graph in which a horizontal axis represents a stoker inclination angle of the drying stage 11, a vertical axis represents a required stoker length of the drying stage 11, and in order of a case (1) in which the load of the charged objects is the largest to a case (4) in which the load of the charged objects is the smallest, a relationship between the stoker inclination angle of the drying stage 11 and the required stoker length of the drying stage 11 is plotted.
  • the required stoker length is the distance at which 95% of the moisture of the charged objects T is dried.
  • Angle of repose on the horizontal axis represents the angle of repose of the objects T.
  • a stoker inclination angle of -30° is the limit for forming the layer of the objects T.
  • the required stoker length decreases as the stoker inclination angle is reduced.
  • the required stoker length gradually becomes longer. This is because when the stoker inclination angle becomes a positive value, the installation surface is directed upward and the conveying speed becomes slower, and as a result, the layer of the objects T becomes thick and it is difficult for drying of the objects T at the lower layer to proceed.
  • the stoker inclination angle of the optimum drying stage 11 at which the objects T can be suitably processed and the stoker length can be set to be shortest has an appropriate range of an angle between -15° (minus 15 degrees) and -25° (minus 25 degrees). Further, the optimum value is -20° (minus 20 degrees).
  • the function of the combustion stage 12 is to maintain the temperature of the layer of the objects T by radiant heat from the flame and self-combustion heat, and to promote the generation of combustible gas by thermal decomposition of the volatile matter, and to promote combustion of the fixed carbon that is left after the thermal decomposition.
  • the required stoker length of the combustion stage 12 is determined according to the time required for combustion of the fixed carbon.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a graph in which, in a case in which the stoker inclination angle of the drying stage 11 is set in the appropriate range as described above, a horizontal axis represents the stoker inclination angle of the combustion stage, the vertical axis represents the required stoker length of the combustion stage, and in order from the case (1) in which load of the charged objects is the largest to the case (4) in which load of the charged objects is the smallest, a relationship between the stoker inclination angle of the combustion stage and the required stoker length of the combustion stage is plotted.
  • the required stoker length of the combustion stage is the distance at which 95% of the combustible content volatilizes or burns.
  • the stoker inclination angle -30° is the limit of forming the layer of the objects T.
  • the required stoker length decreases as the angle becomes loose.
  • the appropriate range of the stoker inclination angle can be set to the range surrounded by the single doted-dashed line illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • the drying stage 11 has the stoker inclination angle within the appropriate range, the water content reduction and the volume reduction of the waste are accelerated. Therefore, for example, even if the load corresponds to (1) in the drying stage 11, since the load changes to those corresponding to (3) and (4) in the combustion stage 12, the larger stoker inclination angle can be adopted in the combustion stage 12. That is, since the combustion stage can be directed upward, it is possible to secure the retention time required for combustion of fixed carbon, and further the stoker length can be shortened.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph in which a horizontal axis represents the stoker inclination angle of the combustion stage 12, a vertical axis represents the stoker length required for both of the drying stage 11 and the combustion stage 12, and in order from the case (1) in which the load of the objects T to be charged is the largest to the case (4) in which the load of the objects T to be charged is the smallest, a relationship between the stoker inclination angle of the combustion stage 12 and the stoker length required for both of the drying stage 11 and the combustion stage 12 is plotted.
  • the stoker inclination angle of the drying stage 11 is set to an optimum value of -20° (minus 20 degrees).
  • the appropriate range of the stoker inclination angle of the combustion stage 12 is an angle between +8° (plus 8 degrees) and +12° (plus 12 degrees). Further, in the case in which the stoker inclination angle of the drying stage 11 is the optimum value of -20° (minus 20 degrees), the optimum value of the stoker inclination angle of the combustion stage 12 is +10° (plus 10 degrees).
  • the required stoker lengths of the drying stage 11 and the combustion stage 12 can be made as short as possible by setting the respective stoker inclination angles to appropriate ranges, particularly optimum values, even if the post-combustion stage 13 is included, it is possible to provide a small-sized and economical stoker as compared with the conventional one.
  • drying stage 11 since the drying stage 11 is inclined downward, it is possible to convey any kind of the objects T up to the combustion stage 12 without delay. Further, since the combustion stage 12 and the post-combustion stage 13 are inclined upward, the objects T do not easily slide down or roll down to the downstream side of the combustion stage 12 and is sufficiently burned and conveyed.
  • the end portion 13c of the post-combustion stage 13 on the downstream side in the conveying direction is located substantially at the same position in the vertical direction as the end portion 12c of the combustion stage 12 on the downstream side in the conveying direction, or above the end portion 12c of the combustion stage 12. Accordingly, even in the case in which the objects T roll down or the like in the drying stage 11, it is possible to prevent the objects T from being discharged from the post-combustion stage 13 without being sufficiently burned.
  • Fig. 7 there is no step (drop wall) between the combustion stage 12 and the post-combustion stage 13 of the stoker 5 of this embodiment. That is, the combustion stage 12 and the post-combustion stage 13 of this embodiment are continuously connected to each other. In other words, the end portion 12c of the combustion stage 12 on the downstream side in the conveying direction and the end portion 13b of the post-combustion stage 13 on the upstream side in the conveying direction are formed to have the same height.
  • the embodiment even if the objects T rolling down the drying stage 11 have a strong momentum and passes through the combustion stage 12 with its momentum, it stops at least in the post-combustion stage 13 and is not be discharged from the post-combustion stage 13. Further, since the post-combustion stage 13 and the combustion stage 12 are continuously connected to each other without steps, even if the objects T, which are not sufficiently burned, roll to the post-combustion stage 13, the objects T return to the combustion stage 12 due to its own weight, and combustion can be performed. In other words, it is possible to reduce the discharge of incompletely burned objects T.
  • the distal ends of the fire grates 15 and 16 are disposed to face the downstream side D1 in the conveying direction.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the distal ends of the fire grates 15 and 16 of the drying stage 11 may be arranged to face the upstream side in the conveying direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Eine Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zum Verbrennen von zu verbrennenden Objekten (T), umfassend:
    eine Trocknungsstufe (11), eine Verbrennungsstufe (12) und eine Nachverbrennungsstufe (13), wobei jede der Stufen eine Vielzahl von festen Feuerrosten (15) und eine Vielzahl von beweglichen Feuerrosten (16) aufweist, und in der die zu verbrennenden Objekte (T), die von einer Beschickungsvorrichtung (4) zugeführt werden, einer Trocknung, Verbrennung und Nachverbrennung unterzogen werden, während die zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nacheinander durch die Trocknungsstufe (11), die Verbrennungsstufe (12) und die Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) gefördert werden,
    wobei die Trocknungsstufe (11) so geneigt angeordnet ist, dass eine stromabwärtige Seite in einer Förderrichtung nach unten gerichtet ist,
    wobei die Verbrennungsstufe (12) mit der Trocknungsstufe (11) verbunden und so geneigt angeordnet ist, dass deren stromabwärtiges Ende in der Förderrichtung nach oben gerichtet ist, und
    wobei die Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) mit der Verbrennungsstufe (12) verbunden und so geneigt angeordnet ist, dass ihr stromabwärtiges Ende in der Förderrichtung nach oben gerichtet ist.
  2. Die Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zum Verbrennen der zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein Endabschnitt (13c) der Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) auf der stromabwärtigen Seite in der Förderrichtung in einer vertikalen Richtung im Wesentlichen an der gleichen Position wie ein Endabschnitt (12c) der Verbrennungsstufe (12) auf der stromabwärtigen Seite in der Förderrichtung oder an einer höheren Position als der Endabschnitt (12c) der Verbrennungsstufe (12) angeordnet ist.
  3. Die Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zum Verbrennen der zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nach Anspruch 2, wobei jeder der festen Feuerroste (15) und der beweglichen Feuerroste (16) so geneigt angeordnet ist, dass das stromabwärts gelegene Ende davon in der Förderrichtung in Bezug auf die Installationsoberflächen (11a,12a,13a) der Trocknungsstufe (11), der Verbrennungsstufe (12) und der Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) nach oben gerichtet ist.
  4. Die Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zum Verbrennen der zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Trocknungsstufe (11), die Verbrennungsstufe (12) und die Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) jeweils einen Antriebsmechanismus (18) aufweisen, der zum Antreiben der mehreren enthaltenen beweglichen Feuerroste (16) ausgebildet ist, und
    die Antriebsgeschwindigkeiten in der Trocknungsstufe (11), der Verbrennungsstufe (12) und der Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) auf dieselbe Geschwindigkeit oder auf eine unterschiedliche Geschwindigkeit in mindestens einer der Trocknungsstufe (11), der Verbrennungsstufe (12) und der Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) in Bezug auf die andere eingestellt sind.
  5. Die Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zur Verbrennung der zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Verbrennungsstufe (12) und die Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) stufenlos kontinuierlich miteinander verbunden sind.
  6. Die Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zur Verbrennung der zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei mindestens einer der mehreren beweglichen Feuerroste (16) der Trocknungsstufe (11) ein vorstehender Feuerrost (16P) ist, bei dem am distalen Ende des vorstehenden Feuerrostes (16P) ein Vorsprung (26) ausgebildet ist.
  7. Die Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zum Verbrennen der zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nach Anspruch 6, wobei mindestens einer der mehreren beweglichen Feuerroste (16) der Verbrennungsstufe (12) ein vorstehender Feuerrost (16P) ist, bei dem ein Vorsprung (26) am distalen Ende des vorstehenden Feuerrostes (16P) ausgebildet ist.
  8. Die Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zur Verbrennung der zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nach Anspruch 7, wobei ein Stoker-Neigungswinkel der Trocknungsstufe (11) in einem Winkel zwischen -15° und -25° angeordnet ist, und
    der Stoker-Neigungswinkel der Verbrennungsstufe (12) und der Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) in einem Winkel zwischen +5° and +15° angeordnet ist.
  9. Die Verbrennungsanlage (1) vom Stoker-Typ zur Verbrennung der zu verbrennenden Objekte (T) nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Stoker-Neigungswinkel der Trocknungsstufe (11) 20° beträgt, und
    der Stoker-Neigungswinkel der Verbrennungsstufe (12) und der Nachverbrennungsstufe (13) +10° beträgt.
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SU855345A1 (ru) * 1979-08-03 1981-08-15 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Академия Коммунального Хозяйства Им.К.Д.Памфилова Мусоросжигательна печь
JPS5986814A (ja) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-19 Sanki Eng Co Ltd ごみ焼却炉における自動燃焼制御方法
SU1441136A1 (ru) * 1986-11-24 1988-11-30 Предприятие П/Я А-3513 Топка дл сжигани твердых бытовых и промышленных отходов
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JPH06265125A (ja) 1993-03-15 1994-09-20 Unitika Ltd ごみ焼却炉の火格子
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