EP3697876B1 - Verwendung einer zusammensetzung zur kühlung und schmierung eines antriebssystems eines fahrzeuges - Google Patents

Verwendung einer zusammensetzung zur kühlung und schmierung eines antriebssystems eines fahrzeuges Download PDF

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EP3697876B1
EP3697876B1 EP18785985.5A EP18785985A EP3697876B1 EP 3697876 B1 EP3697876 B1 EP 3697876B1 EP 18785985 A EP18785985 A EP 18785985A EP 3697876 B1 EP3697876 B1 EP 3697876B1
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composition
cooling
electric
use according
lubricating
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French (fr)
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EP3697876A1 (de
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Julien Guerin
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TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
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TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M119/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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    • C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M119/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M119/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M119/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/003—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/006—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as thickening agents
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
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    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C10M2205/046—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
    • C10M2205/066—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/006—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/069—Linear chain compounds
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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    • C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
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    • C10N2020/073—Star shaped polymers
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/02—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of compositions for lubricating and cooling an engine system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It aims in particular to propose a composition endowed with both lubricating and cooling properties for a motor system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for the cooling and lubrication of an electric motor.
  • electric vehicle within the meaning of the present invention is meant a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, unlike a hybrid vehicle which comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined means of propulsion.
  • motor system within the meaning of the present invention is meant a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for the propulsion of an electric vehicle.
  • the motor system thus includes more particularly an electric motor, a battery and possibly a transmission.
  • compositions to meet the dual constraints of cooling and lubricating the different parts of the engine system. These requirements are typically met by the use of two distinct means, lubricating compositions on the one hand, and cooling fluids on the other hand.
  • lubricating compositions also called “lubricants” are commonly used in engines for the main purpose of reducing the friction forces between the different metal parts moving in the engines. They are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular to their surface.
  • a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oils, to which are generally associated several additives dedicated to stimulating the lubricating performance of the base oils, such as for example friction modifier additives.
  • cooling is carried out on one or more heat-generating parts of the engine and/or heat-sensitive parts of the engine, in order to avoid reaching dangerous temperatures.
  • Bennion et al. (“Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients of Automatic Transmission Fluid Jets with Implications for Electric Machine Thermal Management”, National Renewable Energy Laboratory ) study more precisely the parameters influencing the heat transfer coefficients by convection for the cooling operated by jet of an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) on representative surfaces of the wound windings of an electric motor.
  • ATF automatic transmission fluid
  • WO 2011/113851 describes the use of a lubricating composition comprising a base oil, preferably a polyalphaolefin (PAO) or GTL, to cool an electric motor of a hybrid vehicle or vehicle equipped with a kinetic energy recovery system (in English language “Kinetic Energy Recovery System”, or KERS).
  • a base oil preferably a polyalphaolefin (PAO) or GTL
  • PAO polyalphaolefin
  • GTL kinetic energy recovery system
  • esters can exhibit oxidation instability.
  • esters can pose compatibility problems with varnishes and seals commonly used in electric motors, causing them to deteriorate.
  • the winding of an electric motor is generally coated with a varnish.
  • a lubricating composition being in direct contact with the winding, it is essential that it is inert with respect to this varnish.
  • WO 2016/157960 describes a lubricating oil composition for transmission, having good cooling and electrical insulation properties, consisting of a mixture (A) of a base oil which may comprise a synthetic oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 1, 0 to 10.0 mm 2 /s in a content of 1.0 to 10.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition; (B) a viscosity index improving agent with a weight average molecular mass of between 10,000 and 50,000, and (C-1) a polyamide and/or (C-2) an ester containing polyol base.
  • A of a base oil which may comprise a synthetic oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 1, 0 to 10.0 mm 2 /s in a content of 1.0 to 10.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition
  • B a viscosity index improving agent with a weight average molecular mass of between 10,000 and 50,000
  • C-1 a polyamide and/or
  • the motor systems of electric vehicles offered by manufacturers are, to date, essentially, cooled by air, with water or with compositions comprising water and a glycol.
  • the present invention aims precisely to propose a new composition making it possible to simultaneously satisfy both of the functionalities, lubricating and cooling, while overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the inventors have discovered that it is possible to ensure the dual function of lubrication and cooling by using a mixture of a base, formed of one or more oils, chosen from polyalphaolefins, much more fluid than known lubricating compositions, thickened by one or more specific polymers.
  • composition according to the invention used in a motorization system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, provides joint access to good properties in terms of cooling and lubrication of the parts of the motorization system.
  • a composition according to the invention makes it possible to cool and lubricate an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It is particularly effective for cooling the power electronics and/or the rotor and/or the stator of an electric motor. Also, it ensures the lubrication of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition according to the invention makes it possible to ensure the lubrication of the transmission, when it is present, in particular the reduction gear, of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to effectively cool the battery present in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the composition is injected under fairly high pressure into the zones to be cooled, the resulting shear at the injector advantageously making it possible to reduce the viscosity of the fluid at the injection zone, relative to the kinematic viscosity. at rest, and thus, to further increase the cooling potential of the composition.
  • a composition according to the invention has the advantage of being easy to formulate. It presents, in addition to the joint cooling and lubricating properties, good stability, particularly to oxidation, as well as good deaeration properties. The composition thus advantageously maintains good cooling properties over time.
  • it also has good anti-corrosion properties, and makes it possible to limit the risk of deterioration of the seals or varnishes present in the motor system.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of cooling and lubricating an engine system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of bringing into contact at least one mechanical part of said system with a composition according to invention as described above.
  • fluid base will refer to the oil or mixture of base oils, having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100°C according to the ASTM D445 standard ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s.
  • the oil or mixture of base oils has a kinematic viscosity measured at 100°C according to the ASTM D445 standard ranging from 1.5 to 2.1 mm 2 /s.
  • the fluid base/thickening polymer(s) combination according to the invention provides access to a composition having good cooling properties, further increased by the effect of the shear applied at the injection level. , while satisfying rheological behavior, in particular in terms of viscosity, capable of providing good lubricating properties.
  • a composition according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100°C according to the ASTM D445 standard, of between 3 and 10 mm 2 /s, preferably between 3 and 9 mm 2 /s.
  • composition used is a non-Newtonian fluid.
  • Newtonian fluid means a fluid for which there is a linear relationship between the mechanical stress imposed (force exerted on the fluid per unit surface) and the shear of the fluid (i.e. say fluid velocity gradient).
  • a “non-Newtonian fluid” is therefore a fluid which is not a Newtonian fluid.
  • a composition is described using a fluid base, formed from one or more base oils, chosen from polyalphaolefins and having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100°C according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s, in particular from 1.5 to 6.1 mm 2 /s, more particularly from 1.5 to 4.1 mm 2 /s , even more particularly from 1.5 to 2.1 mm 2 /s.
  • a composition according to the invention uses a fluid base, formed of one or more base oils, chosen from polyalphaolefins and having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445, ranging from 1.5 to 2.1 mm 2 /s.
  • base oils can be chosen from oils of mineral or synthetic origin belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table A below or their mixtures.
  • Table A Saturates content
  • Sulfur content Viscosity index (VI) Group I Mineral oils ⁇ 90% > 0.03% 80 ⁇ VI ⁇ 120
  • Group III Hydrocracked or hydroisomerized oils ⁇ 90% ⁇ 0.03% ⁇ 120
  • Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, desalphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing .
  • Blends of synthetic and mineral oils may also be used.
  • the lubricating bases used to produce compositions according to the invention must, in addition to meeting the aforementioned viscosity criterion, have properties, in particular viscosity index, sulfur content or resistance to oxidation, adapted to a use for motorization systems of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the base oils can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and from polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and from polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • the base oil or oils of a composition used according to the claimed invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
  • the weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600Da.
  • the weight average molecular mass of the PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
  • the PAOs used in the context of the invention having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s are sold commercially by Ineos under the brands Durasyn ® 162, Durasyn ® 164, Durasyn ® 166 and Durasyn ® 168.
  • a composition used according to the invention is free of polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • PAG polyalkylene glycol
  • the fluid base of a composition used according to the invention comprises a content strictly less than 30% by weight of ester and ether type base oils, in particular less than 25% by weight of ester and ether type base oils, in particular less than 10% by weight.
  • the fluid base of a composition used according to the invention is free of ester type oils.
  • composition comprising a fluid base formed of one or more base oils having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100°C according to the ASTM standard is described. D445 between 1.5 and 8 mm 2 /s.
  • the fluid base provides the cooling potential of the composition used according to the invention.
  • the fluidity of the base ensures good cooling properties when using the composition for an engine system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the cooling properties of the composition used are further advantageously increased by the shear applied to the composition at the injection level which brings the fluid to a lower viscosity level than at rest.
  • the impact of the use of thickening polymers according to the invention on the cooling capacity of the composition is controlled.
  • a lubricating composition may comprise from 60% to 90% by mass of base oil, or mixture of base oils, having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100°C. according to the ASTM D445 standard ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • composition comprising more particularly from 70% to 90% by weight, preferably from 80% to 90% by weight of oil of base, or mixture of base oils, having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100°C according to the ASTM D445 standard ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s, relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a composition used according to the invention comprises from 70% to 90% by mass of base oil, or of a mixture of base oils, having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100°C according to the ASTM D445 standard ranging from 1.5 to 2.1 mm 2 /s and chosen from polyalphaolefins.
  • a composition used according to the invention further comprises one or more polymers, called thickening polymers.
  • the polymer(s) are chosen for their ability to thicken the fluid base according to the invention to ensure the desired lubrication properties for the composition.
  • the thickening polymers according to the invention can be chosen in particular from polymers known as “viscosity index improvers” (VI).
  • Such polymers improving the viscosity index are for example described in the documents WO 9418288 , EP 2 363 454 , EP 2 164 885 , EP 0 699 694 , WO 2007/003238 And WO 2007/025837 .
  • thickening polymer(s) are distinct from the base oil(s) as described above.
  • the polymers used according to the claimed invention are chosen from polymer esters; homopolymers or copolymers, linear or star-shaped, hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated, of styrene, butadiene and isoprene; polyacrylates; polymethacrylates, linear or comb, and olefin copolymers, in particular ethylene/propylene copolymers.
  • the thickening polymer may be more particularly chosen from polymethacrylates, linear or comb-shaped, hydrogenated copolymers, styrene, butadiene and isoprene, linear or star-shaped, and mixtures thereof.
  • the thickening polymer can be more particularly chosen from comb polymethacrylates, hydrogenated star copolymers, styrene, butadiene and isoprene, and mixtures thereof.
  • Comb polymethacrylate polymers within the meaning of the invention are for example sold commercially by Evonik under the brand Viscoplex ® 3-200.
  • the hydrogenated star copolymers of styrene, butadiene and isoprene, within the meaning of the invention, are for example sold by Infineum under the brand SV ® 261.
  • the use of the thickening polymer(s) ensures an adequate thickening of the composition to provide, when used for an engine system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, a level of anti- wear, that is to say lubrication, satisfactory, without affecting the cooling potential of the composition.
  • the content of thickening polymer(s) in a composition according to the invention is 0.5% to 10% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition, preferably from 1% to 8% by mass, more preferably from 1.5% to 5% by mass.
  • This quantity is understood as quantity of active polymer material.
  • the polymer used in the context of the present invention can be in the form of a dispersion in one or more mineral or synthetic oil(s).
  • a composition used according to the invention may comprise from 1 to 25% by weight, preferably from 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 4 to 20% by weight of diluted thickening polymer(s). (s) in one or more base oil(s), relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • a composition used according to the invention comprises at least one base oil chosen from PAOs and at least one polymer chosen from comb polymethacrylates, hydrogenated copolymers, styrene, butadiene and isoprene, star, and their mixtures.
  • the base oil when chosen from PAOs, it is associated, in a composition used according to the present invention, with at least one polymer chosen from comb polymethacrylates.
  • the base oil when chosen from PAOs, it is associated, in a composition used according to the present invention, with at least one polymer chosen from hydrogenated copolymers, styrene, butadiene and isoprene. , stars.
  • composition used may also comprise one or more additives as defined more precisely in the remainder of the text.
  • the additives which can be incorporated into a composition according to the invention can be chosen from friction modifiers, detergents, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point improvers, anti-foams and their mixtures.
  • additives can be introduced individually and/or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by the ACEA ( Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and/or the API (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
  • ACEA Association of European Automobile Manufacturers
  • API American Petroleum Institute
  • Anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives protect rubbing surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces.
  • the anti-wear additives are chosen from phospho-sulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
  • phospho-sulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
  • the preferred compounds are of formula Zn((SP(S)(OR 2 )(OR 3 )) 2 , in which R 2 and R 3 , identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Amine phosphates are also anti-wear additives which can be used in a composition according to the invention.
  • the phosphorus provided by these additives can act as a poison in the catalytic systems of automobiles because these additives generate ash.
  • additives which do not provide phosphorus such as, for example, polysulphides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins.
  • a composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 6% by mass, preferably from 0.05 to 4% by mass, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% of anti-wear additives and extreme additives. -pressure, in mass relative to the total mass of composition.
  • a composition used according to the invention is free of anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives.
  • a composition used according to the invention is advantageously free of phosphate additives.
  • a composition used according to the invention may comprise at least one friction modifier additive.
  • the friction modifier additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound.
  • the compounds providing metallic elements mention may be made of transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn whose ligands can be hydrocarbon compounds comprising atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus.
  • the ash-free friction modifier additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from monoesters of fatty acids and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty borate epoxides; fatty amines or glycerol esters of fatty acids.
  • the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • a composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by mass or from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by mass or from 0.1 to 2% by mass. mass of friction modifier additive, relative to the total mass of the composition.
  • composition according to the invention is free of friction modifier additive.
  • a composition used according to the invention may comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
  • the antioxidant additive generally makes it possible to delay the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can notably result in the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge or an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
  • Antioxidant additives act in particular as free radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide destroyers.
  • antioxidant additives mention may be made of phenolic-type antioxidant additives, amine-type antioxidant additives and phosphosulfur-containing antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfur antioxidant additives, can generate ash. Phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash-free or in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
  • the antioxidant additives may in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one Ci-C 12 alkyl group, N, N'-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
  • the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one vicinal carbon of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 10 alkyl group, preferably a group C 1 -C 6 alkyl, preferably a C 4 alkyl group, preferably the tert-butyl group.
  • Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, possibly in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
  • Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S(O) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents a alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
  • Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
  • antioxidant additives are that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
  • copper compounds for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates.
  • Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
  • a composition used according to the invention may contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
  • composition used according to the invention comprises at least one ash-free antioxidant additive.
  • a composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.5 to 2% by mass of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total mass of the composition.
  • a composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one detergent additive.
  • Detergent additives generally help reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving secondary oxidation and combustion products.
  • the detergent additives which can be used in a composition used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
  • the detergent additives may be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
  • the associated cation may be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
  • the detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as phenate salts.
  • the alkali and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
  • metal salts generally include the metal in stoichiometric quantity or in excess, therefore in quantity greater than the quantity stoichiometric.
  • overbased detergent additives the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate .
  • a composition used according to the invention can for example comprise from 2 to 4% by mass of detergent additive, relative to the total mass of the composition.
  • a composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one pour point depressant additive.
  • pour point depressant additives By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
  • pour point depressant additives mention may be made of polyalkyl methacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes and alkylated polystyrenes.
  • composition used according to the invention may comprise at least one dispersing agent.
  • the dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides and their derivatives.
  • a composition used according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent, relative to the total mass of the composition.
  • composition as described above can be used, due to its joint properties in terms of cooling and lubrication, both as a lubricant and a cooling fluid for an engine system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. .
  • the invention relates to the use of a composition as defined above for cooling and lubricating an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and its various parts, in particular in movement.
  • the invention also applies to the battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the motorization system of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprises in particular the electric motor part (1).
  • This typically comprises power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14).
  • the stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils, which are alternately powered by an electric current. This generates a rotating magnetic field.
  • the rotor itself comprises coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is rotated by the rotating magnetic field.
  • the power electronics (11), the stator (13) and the rotor (14) of an electric motor (1) are parts whose structure is complex and generates a large amount of heat during operation of the motor. It is therefore imperative to ensure cooling of the electric motor, in particular the power electronics.
  • the bearing (12) generally integrated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14), is subjected to strong mechanical stresses and poses fatigue wear problems. It is therefore necessary to lubricate the bearing in order to increase its lifespan.
  • composition used according to the invention makes it possible to ensure, within an electric or hybrid vehicle, both the function of lubrication and protection of the parts in contact against wear and the function cooling.
  • the invention relates in particular to the use of a composition as described above for cooling and lubricating an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • a motorization system for an electric or hybrid vehicle may also include a transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3) which makes it possible to reduce the rotational speed at the output of the electric motor and to adapt the speed transmitted to the wheels, allowing at the same time to control the speed of the vehicle.
  • This gearbox is subject to high frictional stresses and therefore requires appropriate lubrication to prevent it from being damaged too quickly.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a composition as described above to lubricate the transmission, in particular, the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition according to the invention can thus be used to lubricate and cool both the electric motor and the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the electric motor is typically powered by an electric battery (2).
  • Lithium-ion batteries are the most widespread in the field of electric vehicles.
  • the development of increasingly powerful batteries of increasingly reduced size implies the appearance of the problem of cooling this battery. Indeed, as soon as the battery exceeds temperatures of around 50 to 60°C, there is a high risk of ignition, or even explosion, of the battery.
  • a composition of the invention can thus be used to cool the battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the invention has the advantage of allowing the use of a single composition combining the lubricating and cooling properties, as a lubricant and cooling fluid in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to a method of cooling and lubricating a motor system of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising at least one step of bringing into contact at least one mechanical part of the electric motor and/or the battery. and/or transmission with a composition as defined above.
  • Cooling with a composition used according to the invention can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art.
  • cooling by jet by spraying or even by the formation of a mist from the composition according to the invention under pressure and by gravity, in particular on the winding of the rotor and/or or stator.
  • the composition is injected by jet under fairly high pressure into the areas to be cooled of the engine system, as for example described in the publications Liu et al. and Bennion et al. aforementioned.
  • the shear resulting from this injection makes it possible to reduce the viscosity of the fluid at the injection zone, relative to the kinematic viscosity at rest, and thus, to further increase the cooling potential of the composition.
  • oil circulation systems commonly used in electric motors can be used, as for example described in the document WO 2015/116496 .
  • composition according to the invention make it possible to define uses according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
  • One way to measure the thermal properties of a fluid is to measure the fluid's heat transfer coefficient (heat transfer per unit area and temperature). A fluid with a greater heat exchange coefficient has better cooling properties.
  • the principle of the test consists of projecting a jet of oil using a nozzle perpendicularly onto a metal plate heated by induction.
  • a thermal camera placed above the plate, records the temperature profile during the projection of the oil. From the temperature variation values on the plate, it is then possible to calculate the average heat exchange coefficient of the composition.
  • compositions according to the invention make it possible to better cool the heating plate and maintain a stable temperature compared to comparative compositions not comprising a thickening polymer.
  • compositions according to the invention make it possible not only to lubricate, but also to cool an engine system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verwendung, zum Kühlen und Schmieren eines Motorisierungssystems eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs, einer Zusammensetzung mit einer bei 100 °C gemäß der Norm ASTM D445 gemessenen kinematischen Viskosität zwischen 3 und 10 mm2/s, die mindestens Folgendes umfasst:
    - 70 bis 90 Massen-% Grundöl oder eines Gemischs von Grundölen mit einer bei 100°C gemäß der Norm ASTM D445 gemessenen kinematischen Viskosität im Bereich von 1,5 bis 2,1 mm2/s und ausgewählt aus Polyalphaolefinen und
    - mindestens ein aus Esterpolymeren; hydrierten oder nicht hydrierten geraden oder sternförmigen Homopolymeren oder Copolymeren von Styrol, Butadien und Isopren; Polyacrylaten; geraden oder kammförmigen Polymethacrylaten und Olefin-Copolymeren, insbesondere Ethylen/Propylen-Copolymeren, ausgewähltes verdickendes Polymer.
  2. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Zusammensetzung eine bei 100 °C gemäß der Norm ASTM D445 gemessene kinematische Viskosität zwischen 3 und 9 mm2/s aufweist.
  3. Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das verdickende Polymer bzw. die verdickenden Polymere aus Kamm-Polymethacrylaten, hydrierten Stern-Copolymeren von Styrol, Butadien und Isopren und deren Gemischen ausgewählt ist bzw. sind.
  4. Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Zusammensetzung 0,5 bis 10 Massen-% verdickendes Polymer bzw. verdickende Polymere, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Zusammensetzung, vorzugsweise 1 bis 8 Massen-%, stärker bevorzugt 1,5 bis 5 Massen-% umfasst.
  5. Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Zusammensetzung außerdem mindestens ein Additiv umfasst, das aus Reibungsmodifikatoren, Detergenzien, Antiverschleißadditiven, Hochdruckadditiven, Dispergiermitteln, Antioxidantien, Stockpunktverbesserern, Antischaummitteln und deren Gemischen ausgewählt ist.
  6. Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zum Kühlen und Schmieren eines Elektromotors eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs.
  7. Verwendung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch zum Kühlen der Leistungselektronik und/oder des Rotors und/oder des Stators eines Elektromotors.
  8. Verwendung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7 zum Schmieren der zwischen Rotor und Stator eines Elektromotors befindlichen Lager.
  9. Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zum Kühlen der Batterie eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs.
  10. Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zum Schmieren des Antriebs, insbesondere des Getriebes, eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs.
EP18785985.5A 2017-10-20 2018-10-19 Verwendung einer zusammensetzung zur kühlung und schmierung eines antriebssystems eines fahrzeuges Active EP3697876B1 (de)

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FR1759909A FR3072685B1 (fr) 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Composition pour refroidir et lubrifier un systeme de motorisation d'un vehicule
PCT/EP2018/078706 WO2019077105A1 (fr) 2017-10-20 2018-10-19 Composition pour refroidir et lubrifier un système de motorisation d'un véhicule

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CN111373021A (zh) 2020-07-03
EP3697876A1 (de) 2020-08-26
FR3072685B1 (fr) 2020-11-06
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US20200248095A1 (en) 2020-08-06

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