EP3693687A2 - Refroidissement d'adsorbant - Google Patents

Refroidissement d'adsorbant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3693687A2
EP3693687A2 EP20151979.0A EP20151979A EP3693687A2 EP 3693687 A2 EP3693687 A2 EP 3693687A2 EP 20151979 A EP20151979 A EP 20151979A EP 3693687 A2 EP3693687 A2 EP 3693687A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working fluid
sorption channel
gas
housing
sorption
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20151979.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3693687B1 (fr
EP3693687C0 (fr
EP3693687A3 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Lingk
Christof Krampe-Zadler
Hans-Josef Spahn
Thomas Badenhop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102019118977.2A external-priority patent/DE102019118977A1/de
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP3693687A2 publication Critical patent/EP3693687A2/fr
Publication of EP3693687A3 publication Critical patent/EP3693687A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3693687B1 publication Critical patent/EP3693687B1/fr
Publication of EP3693687C0 publication Critical patent/EP3693687C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to irregular states in refrigeration circuits in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Rankine cycle, as well as their adsorptive safety device.
  • thermodynamic cycle such as the Rankine cycle
  • These are mainly heat pumps, air conditioning systems and cooling devices, as are common in residential buildings.
  • Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, apartment complexes, hospitals, hotel facilities, restaurants and combined residential and commercial buildings in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as car air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or industrial systems or medical technology devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or cold using energy and form heat transfer systems.
  • thermodynamic cycle processes used have been known for a long time, as are the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the most popular working fluids of the time are flammable and poisonous. In the past century they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. It turned out, however, that these safety refrigerants lead to global warming and that their safety-related harmlessness led to constructive inattention. Up to 70% of the turnover was accounted for by the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was perceived as economically justifiable in individual cases and encouraged the need for replacement.
  • Today's refrigeration circuits are equipped with these safety refrigerants of safety class A1, i.e. they are non-toxic and non-flammable.
  • the most common refrigerants in the field of heat pump applications are the refrigerants R134a, R407C and R410A, all of them fluorocarbon compounds.
  • the use of these refrigerants was not subject to any restrictions until January 2015, the introduction of the F-gas regulation (EU) 517/2014 on January 01, 2015 will in future restrict the use of fluorocarbon refrigerants via quantity restrictions in the European Union to such an extent that the prices of previous refrigerants will rise significantly.
  • the aim of the F-gas regulation is the medium-term ban of greenhouse gas-promoting refrigerants and the replacement by natural refrigerants or against chemical refrigerants with significantly reduced global warming potential.
  • the DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle, which is operated with a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • an adsorbent with the process fluid in particular ammonia, propane or Propene, brought into contact and the substance selectively bound by the adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent is regenerated after use.
  • Zeolite also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, and also CuBTC are proposed as adsorbents; the adsorbent can be provided in the form of a bed, a shaped body, a paint, a spray film or a coating.
  • the support structure of the shaped body can consist of a microstructure, lamellar structure, tube bundle, tube register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable and greatly increase the surface area. Circulation of the potentially contaminated air usually takes place continuously, but can also be initiated by a sensor that switches on the ventilation after a threshold value has been reached or in the event of a recognized accident.
  • the adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed room.
  • the DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gas-tight housing which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space connecting the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet is provided, and the space is filled with a substance that sorbs the refrigerant.
  • the amount of sorbent material is dimensioned so that the entire amount of any refrigerant escaping can be absorbed and kept away from the environment.
  • the space filled with the sorbent material is open to the surroundings. With refrigerants that are heavier than air, the space is open at the bottom, with those that are lighter, it is open at the top, so that a delivery fan is not required.
  • the sorbent is introduced into the housing and completely encloses the refrigeration machine or the refrigerant-carrying devices. On its way out, baffles are provided that prevent short-circuit currents and force escaping gas through the sorbent.
  • a double-walled embodiment in which the sorbent is arranged in the double jacket is also possible.
  • a measuring device for refrigerants can be provided at the exit of the space filled with the sorbent to the surroundings.
  • the EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system which is accommodated in an airtight housing lined with a binder.
  • An adsorption unit with forced ventilation can be arranged within this housing, which cleans the air in the housing in recirculation mode.
  • This recirculation mode can take place continuously or only in the event of a malfunction or at regular intervals.
  • a pilot burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can also be arranged, which burns any remaining combustible impurities.
  • a fresh air supply in connection with the discharge of purified exhaust air is also conceivable.
  • the JP 2000 105003 A describes a refrigeration unit which is operated with a flammable working fluid, wherein the unit can consist of two parts, one of which is set up inside a building and the other outside in the open air.
  • the inner walls of the inner housing are lined with adsorbent material and the lines of the part placed on the outside are coated with a coating of adsorbent material.
  • Activated carbon is proposed as an adsorbent.
  • activated carbon as an adsorbent
  • activated carbon ages in the air over time because slow oxidation processes take place. Due to the requirements of a safety concept for the availability over the service life of devices in which counter-clockwise circular processes are operated, such as heat pumps, degradation of the adsorbent must be avoided, especially if it could happen unnoticed.
  • the sorption bed is located in a channel with an inflow side and an outflow side within the housing, in which the counter-clockwise cycle is also carried out.
  • the units of the cycle process carried out can also be arranged in a separate capsule housing, which is located within the common housing with the sorption channel, and are also included in the invention, also those in which the sorption process takes place outside the housing ..
  • the loading of such sorption beds, which are open inwardly and outwardly in relation to the housing, by contamination is caused by diffusion and convection of contaminants, in the case of adsorption by the contaminating adsorptive.
  • the contaminates can cause reversible or irreversible degradation of the sorption capacity of the sorption bed with respect to the exiting working fluid.
  • the diffusion flow is driven solely by the concentration gradient, while convective inputs are caused by weather-induced air pressure or temperature gradients between the housing and the environment. The resulting pressure differences lead to equalizing flows into the housing and thus also through the sorption bed and the transport of contaminants into the sorption bed.
  • activated carbon as the adsorbent material, the aging or degradation is determined by the temperature and the total amount of gas through which it flows.
  • the sorption channel is equipped with a gas outlet and connected to it. It can also be provided that a switchable induced draft fan is connected to the gas outlet of the sorption duct.
  • the adsorber, the sorption channel and the gas inlet and gas outlet are arranged within the housing.
  • the gas inlet and gas outlet of the sorption channel are closed with the activated carbon adsorber.
  • the activated carbon is kept at a very low temperature by the cooling medium, which is well below the interior temperature of the housing. This drop in temperature has two effects: on the one hand, aging and degradation slow down, and on the other hand, the absorption capacity of the activated carbon increases. To do this, however, the adsorber must be kept permanently cool, which is why good thermal insulation is required.
  • the device has a leak detection system which automatically opens the closures at the gas inlet and, if present, at the gas outlet and automatically switches on the induced draft fan, if present, when a leak is detected.
  • the leak detection system is usually a gas detector, a propane gas detector can be used, but other detection systems are also suitable.
  • the induced draft fan should always have a charged battery.
  • cooling medium It is possible without any problems to use an externally available cooling medium if this is cheaply available, but two possibilities can also be used to use cooling media that are used as working fluids in the cycle. As an alternative, it can be provided that either the cooling medium is relaxed working fluid, which flows in the flow direction after the expansion device and before the heat exchanger acting as an evaporator, or that the cooling medium is relaxed working fluid which flows in the flow direction after the heat exchanger acting as an evaporator to the compressor.
  • the cooling lines are to be laid in the cooling channel in such a way that the adsorbent material remains accessible so that it can be removed and replaced if necessary. At the same time, however, sufficient heat transfer surface should be installed. This can be done by laying a cooling line in the middle of the sorption channel and equipping it with cooling fins in the longitudinal direction. The distances between the cooling fins should be greater than the particles of the activated carbon if an activated carbon bed is used as an adsorbent.
  • latent heat accumulators can be used to slow down such a standstill-related temperature compensation. This can be done either as an additional layer on the thermal insulation or in the form of pellets that are mixed into the activated carbon bed.
  • the materials used can be salts that carry out phase changes in the relevant temperature range, whereby they have to be provided with protective covers. Such materials are described in the prior art.
  • the activated carbon adsorber Since the activated carbon adsorber is closed during normal operation, it can be preloaded beforehand with a medium which has a lower adsorptive bond than the inflammable working fluid which is to be separated in the event of a leak. During the adsorption of the working fluid, the heat of adsorption causes the activated carbon adsorber to be heated, which is undesirable. On the other hand, the desorption of the displaced medium causes cooling.
  • the medium to be displaced can already be adsorbed beforehand under high partial pressure, the typical hysteresis curves causing initially no complete desorption at a reduced partial pressure.
  • the housing can either be closed or designed with openings. If the gas is to remain inside the housing, either a forced circulation must be provided, which is operated by a conveying fan, or the adsorption of the working fluid that has leaked takes place solely through diffusion. If the discharge of the gas depleted of working fluid or completely freed from it can be allowed, either a conveyor fan can suck the gas out of the sorption duct and convey it to the outside via an outlet opening, whereby an equally large air flow must be fed from the outside through an opening at the same time, or the Any overpressure in the housing that may arise in the event of a leak drives the gas through the sorption channel out of the outlet opening.
  • Fig. 1 shows a heat pump with a cooled adsorber and forced circulation based on a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit 1 with a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a housing 6.
  • the heat pump has a heat source connection 7, a heat source flow 8 , a heat sink inlet 9 and a heat sink connector 10.
  • the sorption channel 11 with the activated carbon adsorber 12 is arranged in the housing.
  • the sorption channel 11 is equipped with the cooling line 17, furthermore optionally with the Peltier elements 19 and latent heat storage pellets.
  • the cooling line 17 is integrated into the cycle, the cooling medium is at the same time the working fluid. It is tapped behind the expansion device 4, which is usually a regulated expansion valve, and fed back through the cooling line 17 back into the refrigeration circuit 1, where it enters the evaporator 5.
  • the sorption channel is thermally insulated on all sides, with great importance being attached to the thermal insulation 15.
  • the refrigeration circuit 1 is operated with the flammable working fluid propane, which is also known as R290.
  • propane which is also known as R290.
  • Propane is heavier than air, so in the event of a leak in the refrigeration circuit 1 it tends to sink down in the housing 6, although it mixes well with small leaks.
  • Such a leak is detected by the gas detector 18.
  • the gas detector 18 In the lower area of the housing 6 there is therefore an opening with a lockable gas inlet 13, through which an air-propane mixture from the interior reaches the sorption channel 11 with the activated carbon adsorber 12 when the gas inlet 13 and gas outlet 14 are opened at the instigation of the gas detector 18.
  • the induced draft fan 16 which is also automatically activated by the gas detector 18, draws a defined amount of gas through the activated carbon adsorber, with purified air, optionally enriched with the inert gases nitrogen and carbon dioxide, into the Housing are returned. If possible, the refrigeration circuit 1 is operated a little further in order to ensure the cooling capacity for the activated carbon adsorber 12. As soon as the activated carbon adsorber is loaded, the gas inlet 13 and gas outlet 14 are closed again and the induced draft fan 16, like the rest of the heat pump, is switched off and service is called.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which the forced circulation is dispensed with.
  • the inflammable gas constituents diffuse through the gas inlets 13, which in this example are located both on the upper side and on the lower side of the sorption channel 11, into the activated carbon adsorber 12.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which an induced draft fan 16 the charged gas, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown, the gas pulls through the sorption channel 11 as soon as a leak is detected. In a departure from this, however, the gas is not circulated inside the housing 6, but is directed to the outside via the outlet opening 21. A corresponding amount of air is fed in from the outside through the inlet opening 20.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which an induced draft fan is dispensed with.
  • the resulting overpressure ensures that gas can escape to the outside through the outlet opening 21. Since the leaked working fluid in the housing 6 is then completely separated in the activated carbon adsorber 12, the negative pressure that then arises in the housing 6 must be compensated for by opening the inlet opening 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
EP20151979.0A 2019-02-06 2020-01-15 Refroidissement d'adsorbant Active EP3693687B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019102925 2019-02-06
DE102019118977.2A DE102019118977A1 (de) 2019-02-06 2019-07-12 Adsorberkühlung

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3693687A2 true EP3693687A2 (fr) 2020-08-12
EP3693687A3 EP3693687A3 (fr) 2020-10-21
EP3693687B1 EP3693687B1 (fr) 2024-03-06
EP3693687C0 EP3693687C0 (fr) 2024-03-06

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EP20151979.0A Active EP3693687B1 (fr) 2019-02-06 2020-01-15 Refroidissement d'adsorbant

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4086540A1 (fr) * 2021-05-06 2022-11-09 Vaillant GmbH Régénération des adsorbants à appauvrissement en cov
EP4209728A1 (fr) 2022-01-07 2023-07-12 Vaillant GmbH Pompe à chaleur avec adsorbeur et catalyseur
US11971183B2 (en) 2019-09-05 2024-04-30 Trane International Inc. Systems and methods for refrigerant leak detection in a climate control system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12117191B2 (en) 2022-06-24 2024-10-15 Trane International Inc. Climate control system with improved leak detector

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19525064C1 (de) 1995-07-10 1996-08-01 Joachim Dr Ing Paul Kältemaschine
JP2000105003A (ja) 1998-09-28 2000-04-11 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍機ユニット
DE102011116863A1 (de) 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Sicherung einer Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess und abgesicherte Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
EP3106780A1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2016-12-21 Vaillant GmbH Installation de pompes a chaleur

Family Cites Families (4)

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US5165247A (en) * 1991-02-11 1992-11-24 Rocky Research Refrigerant recycling system
DE4114529A1 (de) * 1991-05-03 1993-02-11 Aero Tech Klima Kaelte Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer eine kaeltetechnische anlage
KR100564869B1 (ko) * 1998-06-11 2006-03-28 산요덴키가부시키가이샤 냉매 회수 장치, 냉매 회수 방법, 냉매 회수 장치를 갖춘냉동 장치, 냉매 회로내의 냉매의 제어 방법 또는 냉매회수 장치의 재생 장치 및 재생 방법
JP3149871B2 (ja) * 1999-07-05 2001-03-26 松下電器産業株式会社 置換用気体の回収トラップ容器及び空気調和機の施工方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19525064C1 (de) 1995-07-10 1996-08-01 Joachim Dr Ing Paul Kältemaschine
JP2000105003A (ja) 1998-09-28 2000-04-11 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍機ユニット
DE102011116863A1 (de) 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Sicherung einer Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess und abgesicherte Vorrichtung für einen thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
EP3106780A1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2016-12-21 Vaillant GmbH Installation de pompes a chaleur

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11971183B2 (en) 2019-09-05 2024-04-30 Trane International Inc. Systems and methods for refrigerant leak detection in a climate control system
EP4086540A1 (fr) * 2021-05-06 2022-11-09 Vaillant GmbH Régénération des adsorbants à appauvrissement en cov
EP4209728A1 (fr) 2022-01-07 2023-07-12 Vaillant GmbH Pompe à chaleur avec adsorbeur et catalyseur
DE102022100269A1 (de) 2022-01-07 2023-07-13 Vaillant Gmbh Katalytische Abluftbehandlung für eine Wärmepumpe

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Publication number Publication date
EP3693687B1 (fr) 2024-03-06
EP3693687C0 (fr) 2024-03-06
EP3693687A3 (fr) 2020-10-21

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