EP3690318A2 - Method and device for regulating a fuel-air mixture in a heating device - Google Patents
Method and device for regulating a fuel-air mixture in a heating device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3690318A2 EP3690318A2 EP20150310.9A EP20150310A EP3690318A2 EP 3690318 A2 EP3690318 A2 EP 3690318A2 EP 20150310 A EP20150310 A EP 20150310A EP 3690318 A2 EP3690318 A2 EP 3690318A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ionization
- fuel gas
- speed
- ionization signal
- heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000701959 Escherichia virus Lambda Species 0.000 description 1
- GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N Heroin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)OC(C)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4OC(C)=O GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
- F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/008—Structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
- F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2231/00—Fail safe
- F23N2231/06—Fail safe for flame failures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2231/00—Fail safe
- F23N2231/10—Fail safe for component failures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2231/00—Fail safe
- F23N2231/12—Fail safe for ignition failures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2233/00—Ventilators
- F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
- F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/24—Controlling height of burner
- F23N2237/26—Controlling height of burner oxygen-air ratio
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of regulating a fuel gas-air mixture for a combustion process in a heating device, in particular for heating water or heating a building.
- a heating device in particular for heating water or heating a building.
- an ionization measurement is carried out in a flame area, in particular in many heaters. Such measurements should enable stable control over long periods of time. If the control fails, the heater must be switched off in most cases, which of course should occur as rarely as possible.
- flame monitoring is typically also carried out in heaters, the main task of which is to ensure that no fuel gas is supplied after the heater is started if there is no flame. This prevents the formation of a potentially explosive mixture and the escape of unburned fuel gas.
- An often used electronic flame monitor uses an existing ignition electrode, which is otherwise not required after the ignition of a flame, to generate an ionization signal, which in the prior art is not used for regulation but for monitoring the flame.
- the specially prepared ionization signal can not only reliably detect the presence of a flame or its extinction, but also, for example, the physical lifting of the flame from the burner due to an excessively high level Measure the combustion air supply early. This means that the flame can be switched off early if the flame becomes unstable.
- the control has so far often been carried out in operation by means of a separate ionization electrode.
- the respective actual value of the ionization in the flame area is determined, which is proportional to the lambda value currently present, so that it can be derived from the ionization measurement.
- an alternating voltage is applied to the ionization electrode, the flame region ionized in the presence of flames having a rectifying effect, so that an ionization current mainly flows only during one half-wave of the alternating current.
- ionization signal This current or a proportional voltage signal derived therefrom, hereinafter referred to as ionization signal, is measured and, if necessary after digitalization, further processed as an ionization signal in an analog / digital converter.
- the lambda value can be measured and regulated to a target value by means of a control loop.
- the supply of air and / or fuel gas is changed by suitable actuators until the desired setpoint for lambda is reached.
- a lambda value> 1 (1 corresponds to a stoichiometric ratio) is aimed for, e.g. B.
- Lambda 1.3 to ensure that enough air is supplied for clean combustion with essentially no generation of carbon monoxide.
- lambda must remain so small that stable combustion is guaranteed.
- the regulation can take place in particular via a valve for the supply of fuel gas and / or a blower for the supply of ambient air.
- combustion controls which regulate the desired combustion quality (lambda value) via stored ionization current control curves.
- the electrodes used are subject to a time-dependent drift, which essentially results from a growing oxide layer on the electrode surface, which has a negative influence on the measured signal.
- calibration sequences are triggered cyclically (e.g. after a specifiable number of operating hours).
- the basic structure of such heaters, of measuring systems for ionization measurement and of their use for regulation are, for example, also from the EP 0 770 824 B1 and the EP 2 466 204 B1 known. It is also described there that the control accuracy can change over time due to various influences, in particular due to influences on the state or the shape of the ionization electrode.
- Various methods for a recalibration are specified, but they all require a relatively high outlay and / or above all can have the disadvantage that during the recalibration the heater has to be operated temporarily at lambda values of 1 or even less, which is too can lead to a temporary generation of undesirable carbon monoxide.
- the present invention seeks to remedy this in order to enable safe and reliable operation of a heater, stable control or, if necessary, emergency operation control in the event of faults in a primary control system.
- a heater can be controlled reliably, the time period t being very long compared to the duration of the other method steps, for example several hours or even longer.
- the repetition of the steps from 1.4 produces negligibly little carbon monoxide, so that the length of the time is not important in this regard and there are no other significant disadvantages against repetition.
- the control remains in the desired control range for the lambda value and, even when all the process steps are repeated, there are no excessively high flame temperatures.
- a method is preferred in which, in the event of a deviation of the fan speed stored in step 1.6 from the value set in step 1.1 greater than a predeterminable deviation value, a corresponding correction of the setting of the fuel gas valve is carried out and steps 1.3 to 1.7 are repeated until the deviation is smaller than the deviation value, which corresponds to the achievement of a desired heater output.
- a desired lambda value can be maintained, but also a certain predeterminable power can be regulated.
- the fan speed is the most precise value to be measured in a heater, which is why it is preferably used to set a desired output.
- a method is particularly preferred in which the predeterminable amount in step 1.4 is selected to be so small that a distance between the lambda value and a range in which an impermissible amount or concentration of carbon monoxide can be generated is maintained. This embodiment ensures that when the method is carried out, very little carbon monoxide is generated regardless of the length of time t, even if the calibration of the system is checked again and again.
- the method is carried out in the same way for fan speeds corresponding to different powers and associated settings of the fuel gas valve, which results in a calibration of the control system that is updated at intervals of the length of time (t) and takes into account all changes in the system. In this way, a calibration curve is corrected again and again for different heater outputs, as a result of which the control described can be used in particular as a primary control.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the method is the use as a so-called emergency running control.
- a method according to one of claims 1 to 4 in particular switched using existing monitoring electronics. This possibility increases the availability of heaters significantly, since in the event of a fault in the primary control, it cannot be switched off, but can only be switched to the emergency operation system.
- a heating device which is particularly suitable for switching from a primary control to an emergency operation system, has the following components: an air supply and a fuel gas supply, which are controlled by a first control unit, and with a first measuring system, comprising an ionization electrode, a counter electrode, a first alternating current source and a first evaluation electronics for determining a first ionization signal which can be fed to the control unit, a second measuring system for measuring a second ionization signal being present, which can be generated between an ignition electrode which is used to ignite combustion and the counter electrode from the second measuring system, and wherein the first and the second system are each set up to determine a lambda value.
- this also enables a switchover in the event of a fault in a primary control to an emergency operation system, which can take over the control.
- the heater preferably has a switchover unit which, in the event of failure of at least one component of the first measuring system, switches over to regulation with the second measuring system.
- the ionization measurement according to the invention which can be used for flame monitoring and control in this way, works according to the following principle:
- an AC voltage is applied without a DC voltage component from a voltage source with a high output impedance.
- an ionization current flows off to earth during each positive half-wave of the AC voltage.
- the voltage amplitude of each positive half-wave is reduced due to the high output impedance of the voltage source, while the negative half-wave remains unchanged.
- a negative DC voltage component is impressed on the AC voltage.
- the amplitude of this negative DC voltage component is converted as a mean value by means of an amplifier circuit into a voltage signal which, due to its characteristic course, can be used for the purposes described here while the gas supply remains constant and the air supply increases.
- this signal is digitized using an analog / digital converter (eg in values between 0 and 1023), so that it can be processed further in a microprocessor.
- the characteristic course of the signal results from a combination of different effects.
- the ionization in the flame area is strongest when the combustion is operated in a stoichiometric ratio of combustion gas and combustion air
- the flames physical removal of the flames
- the temperature of the ionization electrode or the flame also plays a role in the rectifying effect.
- the result is a curve with an easily reproducible minimum, which is close to a lambda value typical of continuous operation.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which cause the described device to carry out the method proposed here.
- Modern heaters typically include an electronic controller that contains at least one programmable microprocessor that can be controlled by such a computer program product.
- existing ones Devices with an ionization measurement and flame monitoring can be retrofitted by such a computer program product for the method according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to an emergency operation system for gas-powered heating devices, in particular with ionization current-based combustion control.
- ionization current-based combustion control From the DE 196 18 573 C1 and DE 195 02 901 C1 Combustion controls are known which regulate the desired combustion quality (air ratio lambda) via stored ionization current control curves.
- the ionization current is usually measured with an ionization current electrode to which a voltage is applied.
- These electrodes are subject to a time-dependent drift, which essentially results from an increasing oxide layer on the electrode surface, which has a negative influence on the measured signal.
- DE 195 39 568 C1 includes a calibration at the operating point with maximum ionization current (SCOT) or in the vicinity of this point (Sitherm).
- a calibration point can also be used at the point at which the flame begins to lift off the burner.
- the systems run cyclically in the stoichiometric or briefly in the sub-stoichiometric range with very high CO emissions and very high flame temperatures.
- the high CO values have to be avoided because carbon monoxide is known to be a dangerous breath poison.
- the high temperatures that occur in particular in the case of near-stoichiometric combustion have a strong effect on the service life of the ionization current electrodes used, so that they have to be replaced relatively frequently.
- a suitable electronic hardware circuit uses a calibration point near the desired operating point of the heater, which is cyclically started. This point lies in the range of lambda -1.5 and on the one hand provides relatively cold flame temperatures with very low CO emissions.
- Figure 1 represents a device for performing the method according to the invention.
- the mixture which emerges from the burner is triggered by an ignition voltage which is present at the ignition electrode and forms sparks there ignited.
- the process for controlling combustion in a gas-powered heater is characterized by the following steps - the fan runs to a specified speed - the gas valve follows the fan speed via a designed characteristic curve ( Gas valve stepper position via fan speed) - the position of the gas valve stepper motor is now "frozen” and the fan speed is reduced in a defined manner, - the fan speed is now ramped up continuously, the measured ionization signal follows the characteristic curve - the respective minimum value of the signal is stored and the air volume flow is saved the fan is raised until a threshold value rises of the ionization current relative to the minimum value has been reached, - lastly the minimum value is approached, which also represents the operating point of the device, - in this point the device runs by regulating the blower until a period of time t has expired, - after the period of time t has elapsed, System starting again from point 1.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a device proposed here.
- a flame region 2 forms in a heater 1 for burning a fuel gas with air.
- Air enters the heater 1 via an air supply 3 and a blower 5.
- Fuel gas is mixed with the air via a fuel gas supply 4 and a fuel gas valve 6.
- An ignition electrode 7 ignites the mixture at the start of the combustion process and is then z.
- B. used as part of a flame detector.
- a first ionization signal is measured in the flame region 2 by means of an ionization electrode 8.
- a first measuring system S1 is used, by which the ionization electrode 8 is supplied with an AC voltage from a first AC voltage source, with a first evaluation electronics 13
- the resulting ionization signal is measured and converted into a lambda value, that is to say a mixture ratio of air to fuel, according to calibration data (control curve) stored in a calibration data memory 15.
- a control unit 17 can control the blower 5 and / or the fuel gas valve 6 such that a desired target value for lambda is set. Flame monitoring 16 may also be present.
- a switchover unit 10 is used to put a second measuring system S2 into operation, which connects a second AC voltage source 12 to the ignition electrode 7 instead of ignition electronics (unless this has already been done for flame monitoring), in a second Evaluation electronics 14 a second ionization signal is measured and evaluated, which also provides an actual value for lambda and enables control of the lambda value by means of the inventive method.
- this type of control can also be used as a primary control, in parallel to flame monitoring by means of an ignition electrode as the only ionization electrode or by means of a separate ionization electrode only for the control.
- only the second measuring system S2 has to be present and can be used as the primary control system using its own calibration data.
- the heater first works in normal operation with a specific supply of fuel gas and an associated speed of the fan 5, the ionization signal I1 being set to a value of z. B. 100 ⁇ A [microAmpere] is regulated by adjusting the speed of the fan and / or the fuel supply. With valid calibration data (map, control curve), this type of control ensures that a desired lambda value is maintained over a large load range. In the event of a fault in this system, a switchover to a can take place instead of a shutdown Emergency running system are triggered. In this case, the first measuring system S1 is switched to the second measuring system S2. A defined speed is started up via the fan 5 and the amount of fuel associated with the stored characteristic curves is set.
- the measuring system S2 determines a second ionization signal I2 determined by means of the ignition electrode 7. Then the gas supply is left unchanged, while the fan speed is reduced in a defined manner until a value below the desired lambda value is reliably reached, but which is still clearly above a stoichiometric ratio of air to fuel gas, so that hardly any carbon monoxide is produced during this process and there is no excessively high flame temperature (see point “1" in Fig. 3 ). Starting from this lambda value, the speed of the fan 5 is increased until the second ionization signal detects a rise in the flame from the burner 9 due to a sharp rise (see point “2” in FIG Fig. 3 ).
- the heater can (still) be operated with this type of control as the primary control. If it only serves as emergency operation control, it can be checked each time the heater is restarted whether the primary control is working again and only then switched to emergency operation control if this is not the case.
- Fig. 2 schematically shows a circuit as it can be used for the measuring system S2.
- a second AC voltage source 12 with a high output resistance 18 initially supplies an AC voltage without a DC voltage component to the ignition electrode 7 and the counter electrode 9 (ground). If a flame occurs between the two (shown here as an equivalent circuit diagram 19), the voltage drops only in one half-wave due to the rectifying effect of the flame (shown in the equivalent circuit diagram as a diode), so that an alternating voltage occurs at the input of the second evaluation electronics 14 (amplifier and converter) with a negative DC voltage component, which becomes the second ionization signal in the evaluation electronics 14 and can be converted in an analog / digital converter 20 and then processed further.
- the second evaluation electronics 14 amplifier and converter
- Fig. 3 qualitatively illustrates what happens in the process of the regulation according to the invention by means of the second measuring system S2.
- the second ionization signal I2 is plotted on the Y axis (in digitized form as a number between 0 and 1023) against the fan speed [rpm] on the X axis with constant gas supply.
- the resulting characteristic diagram shows an almost constant initial range, a decrease to a minimum (point "3") and then an increase.
- the flame begins to detach, which can then become unstable with increasing air supply. Between points “1” and “2", however, the air supply can be varied without generating impermissible amounts of carbon monoxide or instabilities in order to find the minimum at point "3" and use it for control purposes. Because of the described relationship between fan speed and lambda value, the x-axis could also be provided with the lambda value as a scale.
- the present invention makes it possible, without significant changes to a heater, to set up a reliable emergency operation control only by means of additional electronics, or even to use a method as primary control which does not produce any impermissible amounts of carbon monoxide even during (post) calibration.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Regelung einer Verbrennung in einem Heizgerät (1) mittels eines in einem Flammenbereich (2) des mit Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas betriebenen Heizgerätes (1) gemessenen lonisationssignals, welches aus einem von einer lonisationselektrode (8) zu einer Gegenelektrode (9) durch den Flammenbereich (2) fließenden lonenstrom abgeleitet wird, wobei der Lambda-Wert bei der Verbrennung in dem Heizgerät (1) anhand von Kalibrierdaten aus dem lonisationssignal bestimmt und mittels Einstellung der Zufuhr an Brenngas und/oder der Zufuhr an Verbrennungsluft geregelt wird, mit folgenden Schritten: ein Gebläse (5) zur Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft wird auf eine vorgebbare Drehzahl gebracht, ein Brenngasventil (6) wird mittels einer vorgebbaren Kennlinie auf eine dieser Drehzahl zugeordnete Stellung gebracht, in dieser Stellung wird das Brenngasventil (6) festgehalten, die Drehzahl wird um einen vorgebbaren Betrag reduziert, anschließend wird die Drehzahl erhöht und das jeweilige Ionisationssignal (I2) gemessen, dabei wird ein Minimum des Ionisationssignals (I2) festgestellt und gespeichert, die Gebläsedrehzahl wird weiter erhöht, bis ein vorgebbarer Schwellwert des Ionisationssignals (I2) relativ zum Minimum erreicht wird, danach wird die Gebläsedrehzahl auf die zu dem Minimum gehörige Gebläsedrehzahl reduziert und dort für eine Zeitspanne (t) gehalten oder zur Regelung des Ionisationssignals (I2) auf den aktuellen konstanten Wert genutzt, nach Ablauf der Zeitspanne (t) werden die Schritte ab 1.4 wiederholt. Das Verfahren kann als Betriebsregelung oder als Notlaufverfahren bei Ausfall einer anderen primären Betriebsregelung genutzt werden.The invention relates to a method for controlling combustion in a heating device (1) by means of an ionization signal measured in a flame area (2) of the heating device (1) operated with combustion air and fuel gas, which is transmitted from an ionization electrode (8) to a counter electrode (9 ) ion stream flowing through the flame area (2) is derived, the lambda value during combustion in the heater (1) being determined on the basis of calibration data from the ionization signal and being regulated by adjusting the supply of fuel gas and / or the supply of combustion air, with the following steps: a fan (5) for supplying combustion air is brought to a predeterminable speed, a fuel gas valve (6) is brought to a position assigned to this speed by means of a predeterminable characteristic curve, in this position the fuel gas valve (6) is held, which The speed is reduced by a specifiable amount, then the speed is increased d the respective ionization signal (I2) is measured, a minimum of the ionization signal (I2) is determined and stored, the fan speed is increased further until a predefinable threshold value of the ionization signal (I2) is reached relative to the minimum, then the fan speed is increased to The fan speed corresponding to the minimum is reduced and held there for a period of time (t) or used to regulate the ionization signal (I2) to the current constant value, after the period of time (t) has expired, steps from 1.4 are repeated. The method can be used as an operational control or as an emergency operation if another primary operational control fails.
Description
Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der Regelung eines Brenngas-Luftgemisches für einen Verbrennungsprozess in einem Heizgerät, insbesondere zur Warmwasserbereitung oder Beheizung eines Gebäudes. Zur Messung einer Qualität der Verbrennung, die hauptsächlich von dem während der Verbrennung vorliegenden Verhältnis von Luft zu Brenngas (Lambda-Wert, auch Luftzahl genannt) abhängt, wird insbesondere bei vielen Heizgeräten eine lonisationsmessung in einem Flammenbereich durchgeführt. Solche Messungen sollen eine stabile Regelung über lange Zeiträume ermöglichen. Fällt die Regelung aus, so muss in den meisten Fällen das Heizgerät abgeschaltet werden, was natürlich möglichst selten vorkommen sollte.The invention is in the field of regulating a fuel gas-air mixture for a combustion process in a heating device, in particular for heating water or heating a building. To measure the quality of the combustion, which mainly depends on the ratio of air to fuel gas (lambda value, also called air ratio) during combustion, an ionization measurement is carried out in a flame area, in particular in many heaters. Such measurements should enable stable control over long periods of time. If the control fails, the heater must be switched off in most cases, which of course should occur as rarely as possible.
Außerdem wird in Heizgeräten typischerweise auch eine Flammenüberwachung durchgeführt, deren wesentliche Aufgabe darin besteht, sicherzustellen, dass nach dem Start des Heizgerätes keine Zufuhr von Brenngas erfolgt, wenn keine Flamme vorliegt. Damit werden die Entstehung eines eventuell explosiven Gemisches und das Austreten von unverbranntem Brenngas verhindert. Dies kann auf viele verschiedene Weisen erreicht werden. Es gibt optische, thermische und elektronische Systeme. Ein oft eingesetzter elektronischer Flammenwächter nutzt eine ohnehin vorhandene Zündelektrode, die ansonsten nach der Zündung einer Flamme nicht anderweitig benötigt wird, zur Erzeugung eines lonisationssignals, welches im Stand der Technik nicht zur Regelung, sondern zur Überwachung der Flamme dient. Das speziell aufbereitete lonisationssignal kann nicht nur das Vorhandensein einer Flamme bzw. deren Erlöschen sicher detektieren, sondern beispielsweise auch das physische Abheben der Flamme vom Brenner durch zu hohe Verbrennungsluftzufuhr frühzeitig messen. So kann bei Instabilitäten der Flamme frühzeitig eine Abschaltung erfolgen.In addition, flame monitoring is typically also carried out in heaters, the main task of which is to ensure that no fuel gas is supplied after the heater is started if there is no flame. This prevents the formation of a potentially explosive mixture and the escape of unburned fuel gas. This can be accomplished in many different ways. There are optical, thermal and electronic systems. An often used electronic flame monitor uses an existing ignition electrode, which is otherwise not required after the ignition of a flame, to generate an ionization signal, which in the prior art is not used for regulation but for monitoring the flame. The specially prepared ionization signal can not only reliably detect the presence of a flame or its extinction, but also, for example, the physical lifting of the flame from the burner due to an excessively high level Measure the combustion air supply early. This means that the flame can be switched off early if the flame becomes unstable.
Nach dem Stand der Technik wird bisher im Betrieb die Regelung oft mittels einer gesonderten lonisationselektrode durchgeführt. Unabhängig von der Art der Elektrode wird der jeweilige Ist-Wert der Ionisation im Flammenbereich ermittelt, der proportional dem gerade vorliegenden Lambda-Wert ist, so dass dieser aus der lonisationsmessung abgeleitet werden kann. Dabei wird an die lonisationselektrode eine Wechselspannung angelegt, wobei der bei Vorhandensein von Flammen ionisierte Flammenbereich eine gleichrichtende Wirkung hat, so dass ein lonisationsstrom hauptsächlich jeweils nur während einer Halbwelle des Wechselstromes fließt. Dieser Strom oder ein daraus abgeleitetes proportionales Spannungssignal, im Folgenden lonisationssignal genannt, werden gemessen und gegebenenfalls nach einer Digitalisierung in einem Analog/Digital-Wandler als lonisationssignal weiterverarbeitet. So kann der Lambda-Wert gemessen und mittels eines Regelkreises auf einen Sollwert geregelt werden. Dabei wird die Zufuhr von Luft und/oder Brenngas durch geeignete Stellglieder verändert, bis der gewünschte Sollwert für Lambda erreicht ist. Im Allgemeinen wird ein Lambda-Wert > 1 (1 entspricht einem stöchiometrischen Verhältnis) angestrebt, z. B. Lambda = 1,3, um sicherzustellen, dass genug Luft für eine saubere Verbrennung im Wesentlichen ohne Erzeugung von Kohlenmonoxid zugeführt wird. Dabei muss Lambda aber so klein bleiben, dass eine stabile Verbrennung gewährleistet ist. Die Regelung kann insbesondere über ein Ventil für die Zufuhr von Brenngas und/oder ein Gebläse für die Zufuhr von Umgebungsluft erfolgen.According to the state of the art, the control has so far often been carried out in operation by means of a separate ionization electrode. Regardless of the type of electrode, the respective actual value of the ionization in the flame area is determined, which is proportional to the lambda value currently present, so that it can be derived from the ionization measurement. In this case, an alternating voltage is applied to the ionization electrode, the flame region ionized in the presence of flames having a rectifying effect, so that an ionization current mainly flows only during one half-wave of the alternating current. This current or a proportional voltage signal derived therefrom, hereinafter referred to as ionization signal, is measured and, if necessary after digitalization, further processed as an ionization signal in an analog / digital converter. In this way, the lambda value can be measured and regulated to a target value by means of a control loop. The supply of air and / or fuel gas is changed by suitable actuators until the desired setpoint for lambda is reached. In general, a lambda value> 1 (1 corresponds to a stoichiometric ratio) is aimed for, e.g. B. Lambda = 1.3 to ensure that enough air is supplied for clean combustion with essentially no generation of carbon monoxide. However, lambda must remain so small that stable combustion is guaranteed. The regulation can take place in particular via a valve for the supply of fuel gas and / or a blower for the supply of ambient air.
Aus der
Aus der
Der grundsätzliche Aufbau solcher Heizgeräte, von Messystemen zur lonisationsmessung und zu deren Benutzung zur Regelung sind beispielsweise auch aus der
Aus der
Hier will die vorliegende Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen, um einen sicheren und zuverlässigen Betrieb eines Heizgerätes, eine stabile Regelung oder bei Bedarf eine Notlaufregelung bei Störungen in einem primären Regelsystem zu ermöglichen.The present invention seeks to remedy this in order to enable safe and reliable operation of a heater, stable control or, if necessary, emergency operation control in the event of faults in a primary control system.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen ein Verfahren, eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Computerprogrammprodukt gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Die Beschreibung, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren, veranschaulicht die Erfindung und gibt weitere Ausführungsbeispiele an.A method, a device and a computer program product according to the independent claims serve to achieve this object. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims. The description, in particular in connection with the figures, illustrates the invention and specifies further exemplary embodiments.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Regelung einer Verbrennung in einem Heizgerät mittels eines in einem Flammenbereich des mit Verbrennungsluft und Brenngas betriebenen Heizgerätes gemessenen lonisationssignals, welches aus einem von einer lonisationselektrode zu einer Gegenelektrode durch den Flammenbereich fließenden lonenstrom abgeleitet wird, wobei das Verhältnis (Lambda-Wert) von Verbrennungsluft zu Brenngas bei der Verbrennung in dem Heizgerät anhand von Kalibrierdaten aus dem lonisationssignal bestimmt und mittels Einstellung der Zufuhr an Brenngas und/oder der Zufuhr an Verbrennungsluft geregelt wird, weist zumindest folgende Schritte auf:
- 1.1 ein Gebläse zur Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft wird auf eine vorgebbare Drehzahl gebracht,
- 1.2 ein Brenngasventil wird mittels einer vorgebbaren Kennlinie auf eine dieser Drehzahl zugeordnete Stellung gebracht,
- 1.3 in dieser Stellung wird das Brenngasventil festgehalten,
- 1.4 die Drehzahl wird um einen vorgebbaren Betrag reduziert,
- 1.5 anschließend wird die Drehzahl kontinuierlich oder schrittweise erhöht und das jeweilige lonisationssignal gemessen,
- 1.6 dabei wird ein Minimum des lonisationssignals festgestellt und mit der zugehörigen Gebläsedrehzahl gespeichert,
- 1.7 die Gebläsedrehzahl wird weiter erhöht, bis ein vorgebbarer Schwellwert des lonisationssignals relativ zum Minimum erreicht wird,
- 1.8 danach wird die Gebläsedrehzahl auf die zu dem Minimum gehörige Gebläsedrehzahl reduziert und dort für eine vorgebbare Zeitspanne t gehalten oder zur Regelung des lonisationssignals auf den aktuellen konstanten Wert genutzt,
- 1.9 nach Ablauf der Zeitspanne t werden die Schritte ab 1.4 wiederholt.
- 1.1 a fan for supplying combustion air is brought to a predeterminable speed,
- 1.2 a fuel gas valve is brought to a position assigned to this speed by means of a specifiable characteristic,
- 1.3 the fuel gas valve is held in this position,
- 1.4 the speed is reduced by a predetermined amount,
- 1.5 then the speed is increased continuously or step by step and the respective ionization signal is measured,
- 1.6 a minimum of the ionization signal is determined and stored with the associated fan speed,
- 1.7 the fan speed is increased further until a predefinable threshold value of the ionization signal is reached relative to the minimum,
- 1.8 then the blower speed is reduced to the blower speed belonging to the minimum and held there for a predeterminable time period t or used to regulate the ionization signal to the current constant value,
- 1.9 after the time period t, the steps from 1.4 are repeated.
Mit diesen Verfahrensschritten lässt sich ein Heizgerät zuverlässig regeln, wobei die Zeitspanne t sehr lang im Vergleich zu der Dauer der anderen Verfahrensschritte sein kann, beispielsweise mehrere Stunden oder noch länger. Andererseits entsteht bei der Wiederholung der Schritte ab 1.4 vernachlässigbar wenig Kohlenmonoxid, so dass es auf die Länge der Zeitspanne in dieser Hinsicht nicht ankommt und auch sonst keine wesentlichen Nachteile gegen eine Wiederholung sprechen. Die Regelung bleibt dadurch in dem gewünschten Regelbereich für den Lambda-Wert und auch bei der Wiederholung aller Verfahrensschritte entstehen keine übermäßig hohen Flammtemperaturen.With these method steps, a heater can be controlled reliably, the time period t being very long compared to the duration of the other method steps, for example several hours or even longer. On the other hand, the repetition of the steps from 1.4 produces negligibly little carbon monoxide, so that the length of the time is not important in this regard and there are no other significant disadvantages against repetition. As a result, the control remains in the desired control range for the lambda value and, even when all the process steps are repeated, there are no excessively high flame temperatures.
Bevorzugt wird ein Verfahren, bei dem bei einer Abweichung der in Schritt 1.6 gespeicherten Gebläsedrehzahl von der in Schritt 1.1 eingestellten größer als ein vorgebbarer Abweichungswert eine entsprechende Korrektur der Einstellung des Brenngasventils vorgenommen und die Schritte 1.3 bis 1.7 so oft wiederholt werden, bis die Abweichung kleiner als der Abweichungswert ist, was dem Erreichen einer gewünschten Leistung des Heizgerätes entspricht. Dies führt dazu, dass nicht nur ein gewünschter Lambda-Wert eingehalten, sondern auch eine bestimmte vorgebbare Leistung eingeregelt werden kann. Im Allgemeinen ist die Gebläsedrehzahl der am genauesten zu messende Wert in einem Heizgerät, weshalb diese zur Einstellung einer gewünschten Leistung bevorzugt eingesetzt wird.A method is preferred in which, in the event of a deviation of the fan speed stored in step 1.6 from the value set in step 1.1 greater than a predeterminable deviation value, a corresponding correction of the setting of the fuel gas valve is carried out and steps 1.3 to 1.7 are repeated until the deviation is smaller than the deviation value, which corresponds to the achievement of a desired heater output. This means that not only a desired lambda value can be maintained, but also a certain predeterminable power can be regulated. In general, the fan speed is the most precise value to be measured in a heater, which is why it is preferably used to set a desired output.
Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Verfahren, bei dem der vorgebbare Betrag in Schritt 1.4 so gering gewählt wird, dass ein Abstand des Lambda-Wertes zu einem Bereich, in dem eine unzulässige Menge oder Konzentration an Kohlenmonoxid erzeugt werden kann, eingehalten wird. Diese Ausführung stellt sicher, dass bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens unabhängig von der Dauer der Zeitspanne t nur sehr wenig Kohlenmonoxid erzeugt wird, auch wenn die Kalibrierung des Systems immer wieder geprüft wird.A method is particularly preferred in which the predeterminable amount in step 1.4 is selected to be so small that a distance between the lambda value and a range in which an impermissible amount or concentration of carbon monoxide can be generated is maintained. This embodiment ensures that when the method is carried out, very little carbon monoxide is generated regardless of the length of time t, even if the calibration of the system is checked again and again.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Verfahren für unterschiedlichen Leistungen entsprechende Gebläsedrehzahlen und zugehörigen Einstellungen des Brenngasventils in gleicher Weise durchgeführt, woraus sich eine immer wieder in Zeitabständen der Länge der Zeitspanne (t) aktualisierte Kalibrierung der Regelung ergibt, die alle Änderungen im System berücksichtigt. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine immer wieder korrigierte Kalibrierkurve für unterschiedliche Leistungen des Heizgerätes, wodurch die beschriebene Regelung insbesondere als primäre Regelung eingesetzt werden kann.In one embodiment of the invention, the method is carried out in the same way for fan speeds corresponding to different powers and associated settings of the fuel gas valve, which results in a calibration of the control system that is updated at intervals of the length of time (t) and takes into account all changes in the system. In this way, a calibration curve is corrected again and again for different heater outputs, as a result of which the control described can be used in particular as a primary control.
Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ist aber die Verwendung als sogenannte Notlaufregelung. Für Heizgeräte, die eine Regelung mittels eines ersten Messsystems mit einer ersten lonisationsmessung und eine separate von einer Überwachungs-Elektronik durchgeführte Flammenüberwachung mittels einer zweiten lonisationsmessung aufweisen, wird bei Ausfall der ersten lonisationsmessung oder der darauf basierenden Regelung auf ein Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, insbesondere unter Nutzung einer vorhandenen Überwachungs-Elektronik umgeschaltet. Diese Möglichkeit erhöht die Verfügbarkeit von Heizgeräten signifikant, da bei einer Störung der primären Regelung nicht abgeschaltet, sondern nur auf das Notlaufsystem umgeschaltet werden kann.However, a particularly preferred embodiment of the method is the use as a so-called emergency running control. For heaters which have control by means of a first measuring system with a first ionization measurement and separate flame monitoring carried out by monitoring electronics by means of a second ionization measurement, if the first ionization measurement or the control based thereon fails, a method according to one of claims 1 to 4, in particular switched using existing monitoring electronics. This possibility increases the availability of heaters significantly, since in the event of a fault in the primary control, it cannot be switched off, but can only be switched to the emergency operation system.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Heizgerät, das insbesondere für die Umschaltung von einer primären Regelung auf ein Notlaufsystem geeignet ist, hat folgende Komponenten: eine Luftzufuhr und eine Brenngaszufuhr, die von einer ersten Regeleinheit geregelt werden, und mit einem ersten Messsystem, umfassend eine lonisationselektrode, eine Gegenelektrode, eine erste Wechselstromquelle und eine erste Auswertelektronik zur Ermittlung eines ersten lonisationssignales, das der Regeleinheit zuführbar ist, wobei ein zweites Messsystem zur Messung eines zweiten lonisationssignales vorhanden ist, welches zwischen einer zur Zündung einer Verbrennung vorhandenen Zündelektrode und der Gegenelektrode vom zweiten Messsystem erzeugbar ist und wobei das erste und das zweite System jeweils zur Bestimmung eines Lambda-Wertes eingerichtet sind. Dies ermöglicht neben den bekannten Funktionen der Regelung und Flammenüberwachung auch noch eine Umschaltung bei Störungen einer primären Regelung auf ein Notlaufsystem, welches die Regelung übernehmen kann.A heating device according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for switching from a primary control to an emergency operation system, has the following components: an air supply and a fuel gas supply, which are controlled by a first control unit, and with a first measuring system, comprising an ionization electrode, a counter electrode, a first alternating current source and a first evaluation electronics for determining a first ionization signal which can be fed to the control unit, a second measuring system for measuring a second ionization signal being present, which can be generated between an ignition electrode which is used to ignite combustion and the counter electrode from the second measuring system, and wherein the first and the second system are each set up to determine a lambda value. In addition to the known functions of control and flame monitoring, this also enables a switchover in the event of a fault in a primary control to an emergency operation system, which can take over the control.
Bevorzugt weist das Heizgerät dazu eine Umschalteinheit auf, die bei Ausfall mindestens einer Komponente des ersten Messsystems auf eine Regelung mit dem zweiten Messsystem umschaltet.For this purpose, the heater preferably has a switchover unit which, in the event of failure of at least one component of the first measuring system, switches over to regulation with the second measuring system.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ionisationsmessung, die in dieser Art zur Flammenüberwachung und Regelung eingesetzt werden kann, arbeitet nach folgendem Prinzip:The ionization measurement according to the invention, which can be used for flame monitoring and control in this way, works according to the following principle:
Zwischen einer lonisationselektrode und einer Gegenelektrode (Masse) wird eine Wechselspannung ohne Gleichspannungsanteil aus einer Spannungsquelle mit hoher Ausgangsimpedanz angelegt. Durch einen gleichrichtenden Effekt eines Flammenplasmas bei brennender Flamme fließt ein lonisationsstrom während jeder positiven Halbwelle der Wechselspannung gegen Masse ab. Die Spannungsamplitude jeder positiven Halbwelle wird wegen der hohen Ausgangsimpedanz der Spannungsquelle reduziert, während die negative Halbwelle unverändert erhalten bleibt. Hierdurch wird der Wechselspannung ein negativer Gleichspannungsanteil aufgeprägt. Die Amplitude dieses negativen Gleichspannungsanteils wird als Mittelwert mittels einer Verstärkerschaltung in ein Spannungssignal umgewandelt, das aufgrund seines charakteristischen Verlaufs bei gleichbleibender Gaszufuhr und steigender Luftzufuhr für die hier beschriebenen Zwecke verwendet werden kann. Typischerweise wird dieses Signal mittels eines Analog/Digitalwandlers (z.B. in Werte zwischen 0 und 1023) digitalisiert, so dass es in einem Mikroprozessor weiterverarbeitet werden kann.Between an ionization electrode and a counter electrode (ground) an AC voltage is applied without a DC voltage component from a voltage source with a high output impedance. Through a rectifying effect of a flame plasma a burning flame, an ionization current flows off to earth during each positive half-wave of the AC voltage. The voltage amplitude of each positive half-wave is reduced due to the high output impedance of the voltage source, while the negative half-wave remains unchanged. As a result, a negative DC voltage component is impressed on the AC voltage. The amplitude of this negative DC voltage component is converted as a mean value by means of an amplifier circuit into a voltage signal which, due to its characteristic course, can be used for the purposes described here while the gas supply remains constant and the air supply increases. Typically, this signal is digitized using an analog / digital converter (eg in values between 0 and 1023), so that it can be processed further in a microprocessor.
Der charakteristische Verlauf des Signals ergibt sich aus einer Kombination verschiedener Effekte. Einerseits ist die Ionisation im Flammenbereich am stärksten, wenn die Verbrennung in einem stöchiometrischen Verhältnis von Verbrennungsgas und Verbrennungsluft betrieben wird, andererseits entfernen sich die Flammen (physisches Abheben der Flammen) bei steigender Gasgemischgeschwindigkeit (größerer Verbrennungsluftmenge pro Zeiteinheit) von den Austrittsöffnungen im Brenner, die elektronisch die Masse in dem System bilden, was den lonenstrom verringert. Unter Umständen spielt auch die Temperatur der lonisationselektrode bzw. der Flamme für den gleichrichtenden Effekt eine Rolle. Im Ergebnis ergibt sich ein Verlauf mit einem gut reproduzierbaren Minimum, welches in der Nähe eines für einen Dauerbetrieb typischen Lambda-Wertes liegt.The characteristic course of the signal results from a combination of different effects. On the one hand, the ionization in the flame area is strongest when the combustion is operated in a stoichiometric ratio of combustion gas and combustion air, on the other hand, the flames (physical removal of the flames) move away from the outlet openings in the burner as the gas mixture velocity increases (larger amount of combustion air per unit time) electronically form the mass in the system, which reduces the ion current. Under certain circumstances, the temperature of the ionization electrode or the flame also plays a role in the rectifying effect. The result is a curve with an easily reproducible minimum, which is close to a lambda value typical of continuous operation.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Computerprogrammprodukt, umfassend Befehle, die bewirken, dass die beschriebene Vorrichtung das hier vorgeschlagene Verfahren ausführt. Moderne Heizgeräte enthalten typischerweise eine elektronische Steuerung, die mindestens einen programmierbaren Mikroprozessor enthält, der durch ein solches Computerprogrammprodukt gesteuert werden kann. Insbesondere können vorhandene Geräte mit einer lonisationsmessung und einer Flammenüberwachung durch ein solches Computerprogrammprodukt für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nachgerüstet werden.The invention also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which cause the described device to carry out the method proposed here. Modern heaters typically include an electronic controller that contains at least one programmable microprocessor that can be controlled by such a computer program product. In particular, existing ones Devices with an ionization measurement and flame monitoring can be retrofitted by such a computer program product for the method according to the invention.
Hier ist aus patentrechtlichen Gründen (Notwendigkeit wird noch mit Dr. Popp geklärt) die komplette Prioritätsanmeldung eingefügt, einschließlich Anspruch: Mit anderen Worten betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Notlaufsystem für gasbetriebene Heizgeräte, insbesondere bei lonisationsstrom-basierter Verbrennungsregelung. Aus der
Ein schematisches Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, auf das diese jedoch nicht beschränkt ist, und die Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden nun anhand der Zeichnung detailliert erläutert. Es stellen dar:
- Fig. 1:
- schematisch ein erfindungsgemäßes Heizgerät,
- Fig. 2:
- eine schematische Schaltung zur Erzeugung eines lonisationssignals gemäß der Erfindung und
- Fig. 3:
- ein Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung eines Mess- und Regelvorganges mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.
- Fig. 1:
- schematically a heater according to the invention,
- Fig. 2:
- a schematic circuit for generating an ionization signal according to the invention and
- Fig. 3:
- a diagram to illustrate a measurement and control process with the inventive method.
Bei einer wie auch immer gearteten Störung dieser Regelung wird mittels einer Umschalteinheit 10 ein zweites Messsystem S2 in Betrieb gesetzt, welches eine zweite Wechselspannungsquelle 12 statt einer Zündelektronik auf die Zündelektrode 7 aufschaltet (sofern dies nicht zur Flammenüberwachung bereits erfolgt ist), wobei in einer zweiten Auswerteelektronik 14 ein zweites lonisationssignal gemessen und ausgewertet wird, das ebenfalls einen Ist-Wert für Lambda liefert und mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eine Regelung des Lambda-Wertes ermöglicht. Grundsätzlich ist diese Art der Regelung auch als primäre Regelung einsetzbar, und zwar parallel zu einer Flammenüberwachung mittels einer Zündelektrode als einzige lonisationselektrode oder mittels einer eigenen lonisationselektrode nur für die Regelung. In diesem Fall muss nur das zweite Messsystem S2 vorhanden sein und kann mittels eigener Kalibrierdaten als primäres Regelungssystem eingesetzt werden.In the event of a malfunction of this type of control, a
In dem hier gewählten Ausführungsbeispiel arbeitet das Heizgerät zunächst im Normalbetrieb bei einer bestimmten Zufuhr von Brenngas und einer zugehörigen Drehzahl des Gebläses 5, wobei mittels des ersten Messsystems S1 das Ionisationssignal I1 auf einen für diesen Zustand als Soll-Wert vorgegebenen Wert von z. B. 100 µA [mikroAmpere] geregelt wird, indem die Drehzahl des Gebläses und/oder die Brennstoffzufuhr verstellt werden. Diese Art der Regelung bewirkt bei gültigen Kalibrierdaten (Kennfeld, Regelkurve), dass über einen großen Lastbereich ein gewünschter Lambda-Wert eingehalten wird. Bei einer Störung in diesem System, kann statt einer Abschaltung eine Umschaltung auf ein Notlaufsystem ausgelöst werden. In diesem Fall wird vom ersten Messsystem S1 auf das zweite Messsystem S2 umgeschaltet. Eine definierte Drehzahl wird über das Gebläse 5 angefahren und die über hinterlegte Kennlinien zugehörige Brennstoffmenge eingestellt. Das Messsystem S2 ermittelt zu Beginn des Notlaufes ein mittels der Zündelektrode 7 ermitteltes zweites Ionisationssignal I2. Dann wird die Gaszufuhr unverändert gelassen, während die Gebläsedrehzahl definiert abgesenkt wird, bis sicher ein Wert unterhalb des gewünschten Lambda-Wertes erreicht ist, der aber immer noch deutlich oberhalb eines stöchiometrischen Verhältnisses von Luft zu Brenngas liegt, so dass kaum Kohlenmonoxid bei diesem Vorgang erzeugt wird und auch keine übermäßig erhöhte Flammtemperatur herrscht (siehe Punkt "1" in
Regelungstechnisch ist es einfacher einen Wert in einer Flanke nahe eines Minimums als Sollwert zu nutzen (hier insbesondere in der Flanke hin zum fetteren Gemisch, also zwischen Punkt "1" und "3" in
Es kann allerdings sein, dass nach Einstellung des gewünschten Lambda-Wertes (noch) nicht die gewünschte Leistung (gewünschte Drehzahl des Gebläses) exakt erreicht ist. Änderungen z. B. an der Gasarmatur, deren Stellmotor, den Umgebungsbedingungen oder den Strömungsverhältnissen in dem Heizgerät können dazu führen, dass nach Einstellung des gewünschten Lambda-Wertes eine andere als die zur gewünschten Leistung gehörige Gebläsedrehzahl (die am genauesten festlegbare Größe in dem System) anliegt. In diesem Fall wird die Öffnung der Gasarmatur in der erforderlichen Richtung geändert und der ganze Vorgang, falls erforderlich iterativ, wiederholt, bis Lambda-Wert und Leistung die gewünschten Sollwerte annehmen. In der Regel wird dies maximal drei Durchgänge des beschriebenen Verfahrens erfordern.However, after setting the desired lambda value, it may not (yet) exactly achieve the desired output (desired fan speed). Changes z. B. on the gas valve, its servomotor, the ambient conditions or the flow conditions in the heater can cause that after setting the desired lambda value other than the desired performance appropriate fan speed (the most precisely definable size in the system) is present. In this case, the opening of the gas valve is changed in the required direction and the entire process, if necessary iteratively, is repeated until the lambda value and power assume the desired setpoints. As a rule, this will require a maximum of three runs of the described method.
Mit den so gefundenen Einstellungen kann jetzt die weitere Regelung für eine vorgebbare Zeitspanne t durchgeführt werden, nach der der beschriebene Vorgang zur Kalibrierung oder Überprüfung dieser Regelung wiederholt wird. Grundsätzlich kann das Heizgerät allein mit dieser Art der Regelung als primäre Regelung (weiter) betrieben werden. Falls sie nur als Notlaufregelung dient, kann bei einem Neustart des Heizgerätes jeweils geprüft werden, ob die primäre Regelung wieder funktioniert und erst dann auf die Notlaufregelung umgeschaltet werden, wenn dies nicht der Fall ist.With the settings found in this way, the further regulation can now be carried out for a predeterminable time period t, after which the described procedure for calibrating or checking this regulation is repeated. In principle, the heater can (still) be operated with this type of control as the primary control. If it only serves as emergency operation control, it can be checked each time the heater is restarted whether the primary control is working again and only then switched to emergency operation control if this is not the case.
Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, ohne wesentliche Veränderungen an einem Heizgerät selbst nur durch zusätzliche Elektronik eine zuverlässige Notlaufregelung einzurichten oder sogar als primäre Regelung ein Verfahren einzusetzen, welches auch bei einer (Nach-)Kalibrierung keine unzulässigen Mengen an Kohlenmonoxid erzeugt.The present invention makes it possible, without significant changes to a heater, to set up a reliable emergency operation control only by means of additional electronics, or even to use a method as primary control which does not produce any impermissible amounts of carbon monoxide even during (post) calibration.
- 11
- Heizgerätheater
- 22nd
- FlammenbereichFlame area
- 33rd
- LuftzufuhrAir supply
- 44th
- BrenngaszufuhrFuel gas supply
- 55
- Gebläsefan
- 66
- BrenngasventilFuel gas valve
- 77
- ZündelektrodeIgnition electrode
- 88th
- lonisationselektrodeionization electrode
- 99
- Brenner / GegenelektrodeBurner / counter electrode
- 1010th
- UmschalteinheitSwitchover unit
- 1111
- erste Wechselspannungsquellefirst AC voltage source
- 1212th
- zweite Wechselspannungsquellesecond AC voltage source
- 1313
- erste Auswerteelektronikfirst evaluation electronics
- 1414
- zweite Auswerteelektroniksecond evaluation electronics
- 1515
- KalibrierdatenspeicherCalibration data memory
- 1616
- FlammenüberwachungFlame monitoring
- 1717th
- RegeleinheitControl unit
- 1818th
- AusgangswiderstandOutput resistance
- 1919th
- Ersatzschaltbild einer FlammeEquivalent circuit diagram of a flame
- 2020
- Analog/DigitalwandlerAnalog / digital converter
- S1S1
- erstes Messsystemfirst measuring system
- S2S2
- zweites Messsystemsecond measuring system
- I1I1
- erstes lonisationssignalfirst ionization signal
- I2I2
- zweites lonisationssignalsecond ionization signal
Claims (8)
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DE102019102128 | 2019-01-29 | ||
DE102019119186.6A DE102019119186A1 (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-07-16 | Method and device for controlling a fuel gas-air mixture in a heater |
Publications (3)
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EP3690318A2 true EP3690318A2 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
EP3690318A3 EP3690318A3 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
EP3690318B1 EP3690318B1 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
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EP20150310.9A Active EP3690318B1 (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2020-01-06 | Method for regulating a fuel-air mixture in a heating device |
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ES (1) | ES2902463T3 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3767174A1 (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-20 | Vaillant GmbH | Method and device for recalibrating a measuring system for regulating a fuel-air mixture in a heating device |
EP3988844A1 (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-04-27 | Viessmann Climate Solutions SE | Heating system and method for operating a heating system |
EP4092324A1 (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-23 | Vaillant GmbH | Method for monitoring the operation of a heating apparatus, heating apparatus and computer program and computer readable medium |
EP4279810A1 (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-22 | Vaillant GmbH | Method for operating a heating device, computer program, control and control device and heating device |
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ES2646213T3 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2017-12-12 | Vaillant Gmbh | Procedure for monitoring a burner that works with flue gas |
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2020
- 2020-01-06 ES ES20150310T patent/ES2902463T3/en active Active
- 2020-01-06 EP EP20150310.9A patent/EP3690318B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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DE19502901C1 (en) | 1995-01-31 | 1996-03-21 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Regulating device for gas burner |
DE19539568C1 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1997-06-19 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas burner regulation system |
EP0770824B1 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 2000-01-26 | STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG | Method and circuit for controlling a gas burner |
DE19618573C1 (en) | 1996-05-09 | 1997-06-26 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas burner regulating method controlled by ionisation electrode signal |
EP2014985B1 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2017-05-24 | Vaillant GmbH | Method of adjusting the air/fuel ratio for a gas fired burner |
EP2466204B1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2013-11-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Regulating device for a burner assembly |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3767174A1 (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-20 | Vaillant GmbH | Method and device for recalibrating a measuring system for regulating a fuel-air mixture in a heating device |
EP3988844A1 (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-04-27 | Viessmann Climate Solutions SE | Heating system and method for operating a heating system |
EP4092324A1 (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-23 | Vaillant GmbH | Method for monitoring the operation of a heating apparatus, heating apparatus and computer program and computer readable medium |
DE102021113220A1 (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-24 | Vaillant Gmbh | Method for monitoring the operation of a heater, heater and computer program and computer-readable medium |
EP4279810A1 (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-22 | Vaillant GmbH | Method for operating a heating device, computer program, control and control device and heating device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3690318A3 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
ES2902463T3 (en) | 2022-03-28 |
EP3690318B1 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
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