EP3688854A1 - Mehrstrangversorgungseinheit für ein fahrzeugsteuergerät - Google Patents
Mehrstrangversorgungseinheit für ein fahrzeugsteuergerätInfo
- Publication number
- EP3688854A1 EP3688854A1 EP18759071.6A EP18759071A EP3688854A1 EP 3688854 A1 EP3688854 A1 EP 3688854A1 EP 18759071 A EP18759071 A EP 18759071A EP 3688854 A1 EP3688854 A1 EP 3688854A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- supply
- voltage
- svs2
- svsl
- strand
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/06—Arrangements for supplying operative power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
- H02H11/003—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection using a field effect transistor as protecting element in one of the supply lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/108—Parallel operation of dc sources using diodes blocking reverse current flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/26—Pc applications
- G05B2219/2637—Vehicle, car, auto, wheelchair
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
Definitions
- the invention is based on a multi-strand supply unit for a vehicle control unit according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
- the subject of the present invention is also an operating method for such a multi-strand supply unit.
- Electronic control devices in a vehicle are usually powered by a first switchable terminal (KL 15 R), which is connected in a first ignition lock position (radio) with a power source, and / or via a second switchable terminal (KL 15), which in a second ignition lock position (ignition) is connected to a power source.
- KL 15 R first switchable terminal
- KL 15 second switchable terminal
- a supply current from the permanent plus terminal is almost zero when the vehicle is parked in active "SIep mode".
- non-active "SIep" mode ie in the controller's normal operating mode, the required supply current is provided from the continuous plus terminal
- the first switchable terminal and / or the second switchable terminal are redundant In addition to the supply redundancy, this has the advantage that the switched supply strands can also be used for redundant wake-up signaling for the corresponding control device
- the primary wake-up function and / or the SIeep Mode can be controlled by means of suitable bus activities or bus commands
- the supply lines provided are polarity protected in the control unit and linked to "wired-or".
- the "wired-or-connection" of the power supply lines in the control unit also serves to supply the control unit with redundant power during normal operating mode.
- silicon diodes have been used as reverse polarity protection in the continuous current range up to 2 A. This leads to voltage drops of up to an IV and to a power loss of up to 2 W.
- Schottky diodes are used, allowing a continuous current of up to 4 A to be displayed well, with voltage drops below 0.6 V resulting in a power loss of can lead to up to 2.4W.
- the multi-strand supply unit for a vehicle control unit with the features of independent claim 1 and the operating method for a multi-strand supply unit have the advantage that the voltage drops for the polarity reversal and thus the power losses of the individual supply strands during continuous power operation can be significantly reduced by the parallel to the protection diodes connected switching elements ,
- the protective diodes in each supply line advantageously provide a static and / or dynamic polarity reversal protection and a regenerative protection.
- embodiments of the multi-strand supply unit for a vehicle control unit take into account not only the polarity reversal protection but also further filter circuits for subsequent switching regulators.
- Embodiments of the multi-strand supply unit for a Vietnamese horrge- device are preferably designed as two-strand supply units, usually a first supply line via a permanent plus terminal of an ignition is permanently powered and a second supply line is powered by a switchable terminal of the ignition with energy.
- a first supply line via a permanent plus terminal of an ignition is permanently powered and a second supply line is powered by a switchable terminal of the ignition with energy.
- a switchable terminal of the ignition with energy are preferably designed as two-strand supply units, usually a first supply line via a permanent plus terminal of an ignition is permanently powered and a second supply line is powered by a switchable terminal of the ignition with energy.
- the multi-strand supply unit for Vehicle control unit in sleep mode of the corresponding control unit via the supply lines only currents below 100 ⁇ .
- embodiments of the multiple-train supply unit for a vehicle control unit monitor the individual supply lines, in particular to detect a lack of a supply line or a short circuit of a supply line.
- Embodiments of the multiple-strand supply unit for a vehicle control unit are advantageously designed such that an energy store can be used as output load.
- This energy store is preferably designed as a capacitor and can provide energy for a defined period of usually a few 100 to 10 ms to maintain the control unit supply in the event of break-in, short-circuit and / or interruption of the multi-string supply unit without large parts of this energy being returned to the multiple-string supply unit. be fed.
- embodiments of the multi-strand supply unit for a vehicle control device prevent a permanent regeneration from one supply strand to another supply strand when the supply strands have different voltage levels. Even with dynamic processes, in particular with AC voltage components on the DC voltages of the supply lines, a dynamic energy recovery is limited in an advantageous manner.
- embodiments of the multi-string supply unit for a vehicle control device include protective measures against positive or negative pulses on the supply lines and in particular allow unbalanced clamping or limiting the positive and negative pulses.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a Mehrstrangversor- supply unit for a vehicle control unit, with at least two supply lines, which are each connected at the input to at least one vehicle voltage source and merged at the output in a common node, and a protection device which in the at least two supply lines each comprises at least one first protective diode, which in the forward direction between the at least one driving voltage source and the node in the at least two supply lines is looped.
- at least one switching element is connected in parallel to the at least one protective diode in the at least two supply lines.
- an evaluation and control unit detects at the inputs of the at least two supply lines each a strand voltage and at the common node a polarity protected supply voltage and evaluates them. Depending on the evaluation, the evaluation and control unit controls the switching elements in the at least two supply lines via corresponding drive signals.
- an operating method for such a multi-strand supply unit which detects and evaluates at the inputs of the at least two supply strands each a strand voltage at the common node a reverse polarity protected supply voltage.
- the switching elements in the at least two supply lines are controlled as a function of the evaluation via corresponding control signals.
- the evaluation and control unit can be understood as meaning an electrical device, such as a control unit, in particular a driver assistance control unit, an integrated safety system or an airbag control unit, which detects detected sensor signals, such as video signals, radar signals, lidar signals, temperature signals, infrared signals, Position signals, acceleration signals, pressure signals, yaw rate signals, etc., and / or processed voltages or currents and / or evaluates.
- the evaluation and control unit may have at least one interface, which may be formed in hardware and / or software. In the case of a hardware-based configuration, the interfaces can be part of a so-called system ASIC, for example, which contains a wide variety of functions of the evaluation and control unit.
- the interfaces may be separate, integrated circuits or to consist at least partly of discrete components.
- the interfaces may be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller in addition to other software modules.
- a computer program product with program code which is stored on a machine-readable carrier such as a semiconductor memory, a hard disk memory or an optical memory, is also of advantage and is used to perform the evaluation when the program is executed by the evaluation and control unit.
- a hardware control unit can generate the drive signals for the at least one switching element.
- a hardware control unit is understood below to mean an electrical circuit which is constructed from discrete electronic or electrical components or components, so that very fast evaluation processes for detecting internal conditions and short switching times can be implemented. This means that the hardware control unit via corresponding contacts and connections can be connected directly to the inputs of the supply lines and the common node and can be powered by the common node with energy.
- the hardware control unit or parts of the hardware control unit can be switched on or off via a sleep input.
- the evaluation and control unit can close the at least one switching element via the drive signals generated by the hardware control unit when a difference between the corresponding string voltage and the reverse polarity protected supply voltage at the common node exceeds a predetermined first threshold value. Thereby, a voltage drop across the corresponding supply line and thus the power loss can be reduced in an advantageous manner.
- the evaluation and control unit can open the at least one switching element via the drive signals generated by the hardware control unit when the difference between the corresponding phase voltage and the reverse polarity protected supply voltage at the common node falls below a predetermined second threshold or negative. As a result, a return from the common node over the closed switching element in the affected supply line can be prevented.
- a difference between the first threshold and the second threshold may be set via a variable resistor in the hardware controller.
- a hysteresis for the switching elements in the individual supply lines can advantageously be specified in order to improve the stability of the switching decision.
- all switching elements are identical and are operated with identical hysteresis. In this case, a common setting of the hysteresis for all switching elements is sufficient.
- a separate hysteresis can be specified for each switching element.
- the internal resistance of the switching element, the stability of the switching decision and the return current detection level in the associated supply line can be taken into account.
- the stability of the switching decision can be made dependent on the individually to be detected feedback current and adjusted to the internal resistance of the switching elements used.
- the evaluation and control unit may comprise a computer unit which individually checks the at least two supply lines as a function of predetermined conditions.
- the computer unit for checking the at least two supply lines generate at least one control signal and output to the hardware control unit, which can generate and output the corresponding drive signals for the at least one switching element in response to the at least one control signal.
- the switching elements in the individual supply lines can be opened briefly and the reactions of the individual phase voltages and the reverse polarity protected supply voltage at the common node detected and evaluated.
- an internal resistance of the corresponding supply line can be determined and evaluated.
- the quality of the supply line is inversely proportional to the internal resistance, ie the quality of the supply line decreases with increasing internal resistance.
- the computer unit can generate a warning message and / or make an error storage and output via an audible and / or optical output unit and / or via a diagnostic interface, if the computer unit a line break and / or a problem and / or recognizes a poor quality in the at least two supply lines.
- the driver can be warned in good time and take over control of at least semi-automatic functions again or the problem can be corrected at the next service. For example, error type, error location and error time can be stored until the next service.
- one field-effect transistor can form the at least one first protective diode and the at least one switching element in the at least two supply strings.
- the field effect transistors are as These P-channel MOS
- PMOSFET Field effect transistors
- at least one second protective diode can be arranged in the at least two supply lines in each case parallel to the at least one first protective diode and to the at least one switching element.
- the at least one second protection diode protects the corresponding switching element, in particular in an embodiment as a PMOSFET, against high negative voltage pulses which, for example, during switching operations, such as switching off an arranged parallel to the control unit inductance, such as seat heating, window heating, etc., on the supply line can arise.
- the at least one second protection diode can preferably be designed as a powerful suppressor diode (TSV) with a breakdown voltage in the range of 24V to 40V.
- TSV powerful suppressor diode
- the outputs of the at least two supply strands can each be connected to the common node or jointly at the common node via at least one third protective diode to ground, which is adapted to reduce a positive pulse load of the at least two supply strands.
- the at least one third protective diode can be a negative occurring at the common node Limit the voltage to a predefined value and trigger an electrical vehicle fuse in the event of reverse polarity in the event of a faulty line switch.
- the negative voltage may be limited to a value in the range of -0.3V to -1.2V.
- the supplementation of the circuit with the central at least one third protection diode serves to protect the multiple-strand supply device against positive pulses including a load dump. If there is a positive pulse load in one of the supply strands, the pulses are clamped or limited by the at least one third protection diode.
- the at least one third protective diode can preferably be designed as a high-performance suppressor diode (TSV) with a breakdown voltage in the range from 30 V to 42 V.
- the static reverse polarity safety of the supply line is not adversely affected by the additional at least one second protection diode and the at least one third protection diode.
- the use of the at least one second protective diode and the at least one third protective diode results in the possibility of asymmetrical clamping or limitation of negative or positive supply pulses, whereby the size or absorption performance of the negative clip element is decoupled from that of the positive clip element can.
- the unidirectional clamping at the common node advantageously combines extended protection against reverse polarity in the event of a defect of a switching element in the supply line with the aim of triggering the line fuse before damage occurs in the control device.
- the inputs of the at least two supply lines can each be connected and attenuated by means of at least one RC element which comprises an ohmic resistance and a capacitance.
- the outputs of the at least two supply strands can each be individually in front of the common node or together at the common node by at least one RC element, which comprises an ohmic resistance and a capacity, connected to ground and attenuated.
- the dimensioning of the RC elements depends on the equivalent inductances and currents of the individual supply strings.
- the common node can be connected via a passive filter with the control unit.
- the passive filter can have an energy reserve, which can compensate for a brief voltage dip.
- the energy reserve may preferably comprise a capacitor.
- the passive filter can be designed as a multi-strand T filter. In each case, a first filter inductance can be looped in in the at least two supply lines between the switching element and the common node, and a common second filter inductance can be connected between the common node and a filter output.
- This embodiment allows a symmetrical connection of the supply lines to the subsequent control unit and enables cut-off frequencies of less than 20 kHz in order to support subsequent switching regulators of the control unit with respect to a power supply rejection ratio (PSSR) for interference frequencies above the control frequency.
- PSSR power supply rejection ratio
- the individual phase voltages can be compared with each other and / or with the reverse polarity protected supply voltage and depending on the comparisons the control signals for the at least one switching element via the hardware control unit are generated.
- the at least two supply strands can be checked individually during operation as a function of predetermined conditions.
- the at least one switching element of the supply line to be tested can be opened and the reactions of the corresponding strand voltage and the reverse polarity protected supply voltage at the common node can be detected and evaluated at a first check of the individual supply strands.
- a line interruption in the supply line to be tested can be detected if the corresponding phase voltage is below a predetermined minimum limit when the switching element is open, for example in a voltage range between 0 V and 6 V.
- the opened switching element is closed again and the next supply line can be checked by the corresponding switching element is opened.
- the thesis review of a supply line by opening the associated switching element endangers the control unit supply in any way, since the affected supply line via the first protection diode and additionally via the parallel second protection diode can still ensure the control unit supply.
- the operating method can be closed at a second review of at least two supply lines only the corresponding switching element of the supply line to be tested, and the switching elements of the other supply strands can be opened, and the reaction of the corresponding strand voltage in loaded supply line to be tested can be detected and be evaluated.
- a problem which is caused for example by poor contacts or too high a replacement resistance of the supply line to be tested, be recognized in the loaded supply line to be tested if the corresponding phase voltage is below a predetermined load limit with closed switching element.
- the individual phase voltages can be compared with each other and each with a vehicle voltage of the connected vehicle voltage source. Based on the comparison, an internal resistance of the corresponding supply string can be deduced. Likewise, it can be concluded by evaluating all phase voltage differences before and after the shutdown of the corresponding switching element to the internal resistance of the supply line when a known change in current occurs.
- a warning message can be generated and / or fault storage can be carried out and output via an audible and / or optical output unit and / or via a diagnostic interface, if a line interruption and / or a problem and / or poor quality in the at least two supply strings is detected.
- the poor quality can be recognized, for example, by the fact that the internal resistance exceeds a predetermined limit.
- the driver can be warned in good time and take over control of at least semi-automatic functions again or the problem can be corrected at the next service. For example, error type, error location and error time can be stored until the next service.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a multi-line power supply unit for a vehicle control device according to the present invention having a first embodiment of a protection device.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of an inventive IV power supply unit for a vehicle control unit with a first exemplary embodiment of a protective device.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of a protective device for the multi-strand supply units according to the invention from FIGS. 1 and 2, which is connected to an energy source.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the protective device of Fig. 3, which is connected to two power sources.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third exemplary embodiment of a protective device for the multiple-strand supply units according to the invention from FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third exemplary embodiment of an inventive IV power supply unit for a vehicle control unit with a fourth exemplary embodiment of a protective device.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a hardware control unit for an evaluation and control unit of the IV power supply unit according to the invention for a vehicle control device from FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 shows a characteristic diagram of voltages during a normal operation of the vehicle power supply unit according to the invention for a vehicle control device from FIG. 1 with the protective device from FIG. 3.
- FIG. 9 shows a characteristic diagram of different sizes of the inventive IV supply unit for a vehicle control unit from FIGS. 1 and 2 with the protective device from FIG. 4, wherein the multiple-string supply device has different DC components and is disturbed by a 1 kHz sinusoidal interference voltage.
- 10 shows a characteristic diagram of different sizes of the multi-line power supply unit according to the invention for a vehicle control device from FIGS. 1 and 2 with the protective device from FIG. 4, wherein the multi-line power supply device has different DC components.
- the illustrated exemplary embodiments of a multi-line supply unit 1A, 1B, IC for a vehicle control device 2 each comprise at least two supply lines S1, S2, which are each connected at the input to at least one vehicle voltage source B, B1, B2 and on Output are combined in a common node KP, and a protective device 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, which in the at least two supply lines Sl, S2 each comprise at least one first protective diode Dvsl, Dvs2, which in the forward direction between the at least one vehicle voltage source B, Bl , B2 and the node KP in the at least two supply lines Sl, S2 is looped.
- At least one switching element Svsl, Svs2 is connected in parallel to the at least one protective diode Dvsl, Dvs2 in the at least two supply lines Sl, S2, wherein an evaluation and control unit 10A, 10B, IOC at the inputs of the at least two supply lines Sl, S2 respectively a line voltage VS1, VS2 and at the common node KP detects a polarity protected supply voltage VP and evaluates.
- the evaluation and control unit 10A, 10B, IOC controls the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 in the at least two supply lines Sl, S2 via corresponding drive signals Svsl_CTL, Svs2_CTL.
- the multi-strand supply unit 1A, 1B, IC is in each case designed as a two-strand supply unit with two supply lines Sl, S2. In alternative embodiments, not shown, the multi-strand supply unit 1A, 1B, IC may also have more than two supply lines Sl, S2.
- the first protective diodes Dvsl, Dvs 2 are designed for static and / or dynamic polarity reversal protection, a security of supply with open switching element Svsl, Svs2 and used for a backfeed protection.
- the switching elements Svsl, Svs2, which are arranged parallel to the first protective diodes Dvsl, Dvs2, are used in the precautionary strands S1, S2.
- Control unit 10A, 10B, IOC compares the individual phase voltages VS1, VS2 with each other and / or with the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and generates the control signals Svsl_CTL, Svs2_CTL for the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 as a function of the comparisons via a hardware control unit 12A, 12B, 12C.
- the hardware control unit 12A, 12B, 12C uses connections to the two supply lines Sl, S2 via the terminals VS1JN, VS2JN and to the common node KP via the terminal VPJN.
- the hardware control unit 12 A, 12 B, 12 C is supplied with the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and ground GND via the terminals VPJN and GND.
- the evaluation and control unit 10A, 10B, IOC closes the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 via the hardware control unit 12A, 12B, 12C when a difference between the corresponding string voltage VS1, VS2 and the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP at the common
- junction KP exceeds a predetermined first threshold.
- the evaluation and control unit 10A, 10B, IOC opens the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 via the hardware control unit 12A, 12B, 12C when the difference between the corresponding string voltage VS1, VS2 and the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP at the common node KP a predetermined second threshold falls below or becomes negative.
- a difference between the first threshold and the second threshold is adjustable via a variable resistor Rhys in the hardware controller 12A, 12B, 12C.
- a first switching element Svsl is closed for real vehicle supplies when a first drive signal Svsl_CTL has a low value.
- the first switching element Svsl can close depending on the definition of either a logic "high” or a logic “low” signal. This is the case when a first phase voltage VS1 is greater than a differential voltage. is from the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and a predetermined hysteresis. Otherwise, the first switching element Svsl remains open.
- a second switching element Svs2 is normally closed for real vehicle supplies when a second drive signal Svs2_CTL has a low value.
- the second drive signal Svs2_CTL is processed in a special driver for the second switching element Svs2, depending on the definition, either logic "high” or logic “low” signals can close the second switching element Svsl. This is the case when a second phase voltage VS2 is greater than a difference between the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and a predetermined hysteresis. Otherwise, the second switching element Svs2 remains open.
- the switching hysteresis advantageously prevents the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 from oscillating since, after the corresponding switching element Svsl, Svs2 has closed, the reverse polarity-protected supply voltage VP increases only slightly below the supplying string voltage VS1, VS2 due to the low switch resistance.
- the switching hysteresis can either be preset for the structurally identical switching elements Svsl, Svs2. In the illustrated performance games, the hysteresis can be adjusted via the optional resistor Rhys. Decisive for the adaptation are the internal resistances of the switching elements Svsl, Svs2, the phase current height in the supply direction a desired stability of the switching decision and a return current detection level in the corresponding supply line Sl, S2.
- the evaluation and control unit 10A, 10B, IOC comprises a computer unit 14A, 14B, 14C which individually checks the two supply lines S1, S2 in dependence on predetermined conditions.
- the computer unit 14A, 14B, 14C For checking the two supply strings Sl, S2, the computer unit 14A, 14B, 14C generates corresponding control signals STR1_CTL, STR2_CTL and outputs them to the hardware control unit 12A, 12B, 12C.
- the hardware control unit 12A, 12B, 12C generates the corresponding drive signals Svsl_CTL, Svs2_CTL in response to the control signals STR1_CTL, STR2_CTL and outputs them to the two switching elements Svsl, Svs2 or their drivers.
- the hardware control unit 12A, 12C and the computer unit 14A, 14C of the evaluation and Control unit 10A, IOC designed as a unit and can be arranged in the region of the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 or executed as part of the control unit.
- the hardware control unit 12B and the computer unit 14B of the evaluation and control unit 10B are arranged separately from one another.
- the hardware control unit 12 B is arranged in the area of the switching elements Svsl, Svs2, and the computer unit 14 B is integrated in the control unit 2.
- the multi-strand supply unit 1B for a vehicle control unit 2 is coupled to a switching regulator 2.1 of the control unit 2 via a passive filter 20 to the common node KP of the multi-strand supply unit 1B.
- the passive filter 20 attenuates disturbances of the vehicle electrical system, in particular sinusoidal horns over 5 kHz to 20 kHz, suppresses the reaction of the switching regulator 2.1 to the electrical system and ensures the supply of the control unit 2 in the case of short-term dips of the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP.
- an advantageous embodiment 20C of the passive filter 20 will be described below.
- the protective device 3B of the multi-strand supply unit 1A is connected to only one vehicle energy source B, which is represented as a permanent vehicle voltage VB via a first line, which is represented by a first ohmic resistance Ril and a first line inductance Lil, the first supply line Sl and as guided via a second line, which is represented by a second ohmic line resistance Ri2 and a second line inductance Li2, and supplied via an ignition lock ZS vehicle voltage VB supplies the second supply line S2.
- the protective device 3B of the multi-strand supply unit 1A is connected to two vehicle energy sources B1, B2.
- a first vehicle energy source Bl supplies as a permanently first vehicle voltage VB1 via a first line, which is represented by a first ohmic line resistance Ril and a first line inductance Lil, the first supply line Sl, and a second vehicle energy source B2, as supplied via a second line, which is represented by a second ohmic line resistance Ri2 and a second line inductance Li2, and via the ignition lock ZS switched second vehicle voltage VB2 the second supply line S2.
- the outputs of the illustrated exemplary embodiments are each connected and attenuated individually in front of the common node KP by an RC element with ground GND, which comprises an ohmic resistor Rs11, Rs21 and a capacitor Cs11, Cs21 , Since a connection to a vehicle energy source B1, B2 in addition to the ohmic line resistance Ril, Ri2 also includes the line inductance Lil, Li2, can be determined by the RC elements due to the
- the dimensioning of the RC elements depends on the line inductances Lil, Li2 and the
- the characteristic diagram of FIG. 8 shows a characteristic diagram of voltages during a simulation of a normal operation of the multi-string supply unit 1A according to the invention for a vehicle control device 2 from FIG. 1 with the protective device 3B from FIG. 3.
- the vehicle voltage VB is applied, so that the first phase voltage VS1 is greater than the difference between reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and the set hysteresis and the first switching element Svsl is closed.
- the second phase voltage VS2 is smaller than the difference between polarity protected supply voltage VP and the set hysteresis, so that the second switching element Svs2 remains open. Therefore, the first supply line Sl at time 1, the entire supply Ström IVP for the subsequent load RL and a subsequent control unit.
- the first phase voltage VS1 is smaller than the vehicle voltage VB by the voltage drop V_Ril caused by the supply current IVP at the line resistance Ri of the first supply line S1.
- the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP is smaller than the first phase voltage by the voltage drop V_Ril across the first switching element Svsl
- the volume resistance of the first switching element Svsl in the illustrated embodiment has a value of about 10 mOhm and is therefore much smaller than the line resistance Ril of about 100 mOhm.
- the volume resistance of the first switching element Svsl is dependent on the size of the transistor used. As a result, the voltage drop V_Svsl across the switching element Svsl is also much smaller than the voltage drop V_Ril across the line resistance Ri, so that the line resistance Ri of the first supply line S1 and not the bridged first protection diode Dvsl is decisive for the level of the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP.
- the condition applies at the beginning in the currentless second supply line S2 that the second line voltage VS2 corresponds to the vehicle voltage UB and is greater than the difference between reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and the set hysteresis. Therefore, at time 2, the second switching element Svs2 in the second supply line S2 is closed.
- the result is a provision of the supply current IVP via two supply lines Sl, S2, wherein the line resistors Ril, Ri2 of the supply lines are largely responsible for the current distribution in the supply lines Sl, S2 and not the Verpolungstikele- elements of the protection device 3B.
- the first supply line S1 represents 54% of the supply current IVP ready and the second supply line S2 provides 46% of the supply current IVP.
- the characteristic curve diagram from FIG. 9 shows various signal profiles of the multi-line power supply unit 1A for a vehicle control device 2 from FIG. 1 with the protective device 3B from FIG. 4, the two vehicle voltages VB1, VB2 being applied to the two supply lines S1, S2. have different DC components and are each disturbed by a sinusoidal noise.
- the interference voltage can be generated for example by a vehicle generator.
- the first vehicle voltage VB1 has a DC voltage component of 13.5 V and a first interference voltage with an amplitude of 4 V and a frequency of 1 kHz.
- the second vehicle voltage VB2 has a DC component of 11.5 V and a second interference voltage with an amplitude of 4 V and a frequency of 1 kHz, the first interference voltage and the second interference voltage having a phase shift of 90 °.
- the first vehicle voltage VB1 is greater than the second vehicle voltage VB2 and the first line voltage VS1 is greater than the difference between the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and the hysteresis.
- the voltage drop VS1-VP across the first supply line Sl is very low and the power loss P_Svsl of the first switch element Svsl is extremely low despite the high current Ivsl of about 14 A in the first supply line Sl with about 2 W.
- the power loss of a comparable protective diode without a parallel switching element Svsl would be at the same conditions between 7 W and 11 W.
- the second vehicle voltage VB2 is smaller than the difference between the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and the hysteresis. This has the consequence that the second switching element Svs2 is open. As a result, no current IVS2 flows in the second supply line S2 and a reverse voltage is applied to the first protection diode Dvs2 of the second supply line S2, which prevents a return feed from the first supply line Sl in the second supply line S2. Thus, the supply of the controller 2 takes place at time 1 exclusively via the first supply line Sl. As can be seen from FIG.
- the phase voltages VS1, VS2 and the reverse polarity-protected supply voltage VP are close to each other at time 2, so that due to the determining resistive line resistances Ril, Ri2 of the supply lines S1, S2 a division of the load current IL onto the two supply lines Sl, S2 is coming. Due to this distribution of power, the power losses P_Svsl, P_Svs2 of the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 reduce considerably to a value of about 0.2 W.
- the voltage drop VS2-VP over the second supply line corresponds to the voltage drop VS1-VP over the first supply line Sl and is 50 mV approximately three times lower than the voltage drop VS1-VP across the first supply line S1 at time 1.
- IC in embodiments of the multi-strand supply unit 1A, 1B, IC according to the invention even with dynamic voltage differences at the supply lines VS1, VS2 of the control unit no static feedback from a supply line Sl, S2 in the other supply line Sl, S2. Furthermore, dynamic regenerations are also energy-limited and are essentially limited to the contents of the capacitances Csl, Cs2, Cp of the RC filters. Furthermore, the power losses P_Svsl, P_Svs2 of the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 are low and less than
- the characteristic curve diagram from FIG. 10 shows various signal profiles of the multi-strand supply unit 1A for a vehicle control device 2 from FIG. 1 with the protective device 3B from FIG. 4, wherein the two vehicle voltages VB1, VB2 which are applied to the two supply lines S1, S2 have different DC voltage components exhibit and not through
- the first vehicle voltage VB1 has a DC voltage component of 13.5 V and the second vehicle voltage VB2 has a DC component of 12.5 V.
- the first vehicle voltage VB1 is greater than the second vehicle voltage VB2.
- This results in a supply current IVP which is about two-thirds of the current IVS1 of the first supply line Sl (IVS1 »8.2 A) and one-third of the current IVS3 (IVS2» 3.5 A) of the second supply line S2 for an assumed supply current IVP or IL of 11.75 A.
- the line resistances Ril, Ri2 of the supply lines S1, S2 are decisive for the current distribution of high-current control devices, since internal impedances of the control device 2 almost no longer play a role due to the power loss reduction.
- the advantage of embodiments of the multiple-line supply unit 1A, 1B, IC according to the invention is that in addition to the redundancy for signaling a supply error with secure assumption of driver control via an at least partially autonomous vehicle function, also a permanent power loss reduction in the protective device 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D is achieved due to the power distribution.
- the voltage drops VSl-Vp, VS2-Vp across the supply lines Sl, S2 are extremely low at 82 mV and 35 mV.
- a respective field-effect transistor FET1, FET2 forms the first protective diode Dvsl, Dvs2 and the corresponding switching element Svsl, Svs2 in the two supply lines Sl, S2 off.
- the field effect transistors FET1, FET2 are each designed as a P-channel power MOSFET.
- the protective device 3B, 3C, 3D respectively has a second protective diode Dzsl, Dzs2 in the two supply lines S1, S2 in parallel with the first protective diode Dvsl, Dvs2 and the switching element Svsl, Svs2 ,
- the second protection diodes Dzsl Dzs2 protect the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 and reduce a pulse load. tion of the switching elements Svsl, Svs2.
- the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 can be protected from an ISO pulse load which can generate voltages of more than 40 V via the switching elements Svsl, Svs3.
- the second protection diodes Dzsl, Dzs2 are in the illustrated embodiments as a suppressor diode (TSV) with a breakdown voltage in the range of 24 V to
- the outputs of the two supply lines S1, S2 are connected in common to the common node KP via a third protective diode Dzp to ground GND, which has a positive pulse load two supply lines Sl, S2 reduced.
- the outlets of the two supply lines S 1, S 2 are individually in front of the common Sannen node KP via a third protection diode Dzsll, Dzs21 connected to ground, which reduces a positive pulse load of the two supply strands Sl, S2.
- the third protection diode Dzp, Dzsll, Dzs21 serve to protect against positive ISO pulses including a load drop. If there is a positive impulse load in a supply line S1, S2, then impulses above 30 V are clamped or limited by the third protective diodes Dzp, Dzsll, Dzs21 at the common node KP.
- the breakdown voltage of the third protection diode Dzp, Dzsll, Dzs21 can be selected in the range between 30 V to 42 V.
- the third protection diodes Dzp, Dzsll, Dzs21 lead to cost-effective solutions with MOSFETS as switching elements Svsl, Svs2 and enable unbalanced clamping or limitation of negative supply pulses through the second protection diodes Dzsl, Dzs2 and positive supply pulses through the third protection diodes Dzp, Dzsll , Dzs21, whereby the size and Absorbtions concerning the negative clip elements can be decoupled from those of the positive clip elements.
- the unidirectional bracing at the common node KP combines enhanced protection against reverse polarity in the event of a string breaker defect with the aim of triggering the string fuse before it comes to damage in the control unit 2.
- the passive filter 20 is in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the multi-strand supply unit IC as
- Multi-strand T-filter 20C performed.
- a first filter inductor LT1, LT2 is looped into the two supply strings S1, S2 between the switching element Svsl, Svs2 and the common node KP.
- a common second filter inductor LT is connected between the common node KP and a filter output VZP.
- the filter 20C can be adapted to the following switching regulator 2.1 of the control unit 2 with a switching frequency between 400 kHz to 4000 kHz.
- the filter 20C has a buffer capacitor ⁇ , which is designed for example as a hybrid polymer ELKO with very small ESR.
- the buffer capacitor ⁇ is coupled via an ohmic limiting resistor ⁇ , which has a value between 0.1 to 1 ohms and limits a peak current, coupled to the common node KP.
- the buffer capacitor ⁇ connected via a coupling diode ⁇ with the filter output VZP.
- the coupling diode ⁇ ensured fast and low-impedance buffering of the input voltage of the switching converter in the event of a short-term voltage breakdown of the first vehicle voltage VB1 and / or the second vehicle voltage.
- the coupling diode ⁇ is preferably as Schottky
- the multi-strand T-filter 20C advantageously allows a direct coupling of the multi-strand supply unit IC to the switching regulator 2.1 of the control unit 2.
- the passive filter 20C attenuates disturbances of the electrical system, in particular high-frequency sinusoidal horns with a frequency of about 5 kHz to 20 kHz, suppresses the repercussions of the switching regulator 2.1 on the electrical system and ensures the supply of the control unit 2 in the event of voltage drops in the supply lines Sl, S2.
- the first filter inductances LT1, LT2 integrated into the supply lines S1, S2 result in a
- the detection of the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP can be made after the inductive coupling, resulting in ohmic coil resistance RT1, RT2 additional hysteresis. If, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a short circuit to ground occurs in a supply line S1, S2, the monitoring of the line voltage VS1, VS2 against the reverse pole protected supply voltage VP at the common node KP and the limited opening speed of the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 can be achieved due to the limited switching speed Refreshments of energy stored in the buffer capacitor ⁇ not completely avoid, but compared to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the multi-strand supply unit 1B of FIG. 2 significantly improve.
- the control lines are supplied to the control signals STR1_CTL, STR2_CTL of the hardware control unit 10A, 10B, 10C.
- the supervising The unit 14A, 14B, 14C can thus briefly open the switching elements Svsl, SVs2. As a result, in the case of a line interruption in a supply line S1, S2, the line voltage VS1, VS2 drops below a predetermined value
- Threshold This information is used to detect faults in the redundant control unit supply with the aim of getting the driver back on time
- the sleep mode control signal N_SL is at the low logic level, and the hardware controller 12A, 12B, 12C will then receive only a very low supply current IVP at the terminal VPJN, which is much smaller than 10 ⁇ .
- the hardware controller 12A, 12B, 12C will then receive only a very low supply current IVP at the terminal VPJN, which is much smaller than 10 ⁇ .
- no appreciable current flows into the terminals VS1JN, VS2JN. This means that the current flowing into the terminals is also much smaller than 10 ⁇ .
- the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 are in their "default state" in sleep mode, ie open
- the control device 1 itself is not active in sleep mode and only receives a small supply current from the common node KP, which is smaller than 100 ⁇ Therefore, the voltage drop which the first protection diodes Dvsl, Dvs2 can cause is irrelevant If the control unit 2 is awakened, the sleep mode control signal N_SL changes to the high logic level and the hardware control unit 12A, 12B, 12C is activated. fourth. As can be further seen from FIGS.
- the field effect transistors FET1, FET2 which are designed as P-channel power MOSFETs, conduct in the forward direction via bulk diodes Dsvl, Dsv2 between drain and source.
- the driving of these field-effect transistors FET1, FET2 is effected by a positive source gate
- a source-gate leakage resistance Rl_9, R2_9 (for example 100 kOhm) is placed in parallel with this zener diode ZD1_1, ZD2_1 in order to be able to reliably block the associated switching element Svsl, Svs2 in sleep mode. So in sleep mode with continuous supply in the supply lines
- Resistors Rl_6, R2_6 are used to limit the current in the control lines of the drive signals Svsl_CTL, Svs2_CTL in the case of an active controller 2, which is a voltage VS11, VS21 before the first filter inductors LT1, LT2 and thus also at the terminals of the hardware control unit 10C in the range of 5V to 36V allows.
- Resistors Rl_7 e.g.
- RI_8 e.g., 51.1K ohms
- R2_7 e.g., 23.7K ohms
- R2_8 e.g.
- Phase voltages VS1 VS2 are detected by the terminals VS1JN, VS2JN at the hardware control unit 10C and via switchable transistors Tl_ll, T2_ll to corresponding voltage dividers Rl_13 (eg 75 kOhms), Rl_14 (eg 8.25 kOhms) or R2_13 (eg 75 kOhms), R2_14 (eg 8.25 kohms).
- the divided signals VS1_ADC, VS2_ADC are sent to the computer unit
- PNP transistors Tl_ll, T2_ll are switchable to generate in the sleep mode no sense divider current from the line voltages VSl, VS2 to ground GND. Therefore, these transistors Tl_ll, T2_ll are switched by NPN control transistors Tl_10, T2_10 by means of the sleep mode control signal N_SL.
- the sleep mode control signal N_SL points in sleep mode a low logic level and in normal mode a high logic level. Since the voltage detection of the phase voltages VS1, VS2 takes place before the protective device 3D, the switching stages are protected against reverse polarity by signal diodes D1_10, D2_10 and resistors R1_12, R2_12 (eg.
- Resistors Rl_15, Rl_16 and R2_15, R2_16 (eg 23.7 kOhm, 51.1 kOhm and 23.7 kOhm, 51.1 kOhm, respectively) form a base voltage divider of the NPN control transistors Tl_10, T2_10.
- the supply strands Sl, S2 are connected to one another in the passive filter via the first filter inductances LT1, LT2 and generate the reverse polarity-protected supply voltage VP at the common node KP.
- the polarity protected supply voltage VP is supplied to the hardware control unit IOC at the terminal VPJN.
- a positive supply voltage is supplied to comparators CM P_1, CMP_2 via a PNP switching transistor T12_l and a low pass filter R12_l, C12_l (eg 10 ohms, 10 i F) on corresponding positive supply pins.
- a resistor R12_4 (e.g., 40.2 kohms) serves to limit the current in the drive path of the switching transistor T12_l.
- a resistor R12_3 (eg, 51.1 kohms) serves as a base-emitter leakage resistor of the transistor T12_l.
- Resistors R12_5, R12_6 (e.g., 23.7K ohms, 51.1K ohms) form one
- the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP of the coupled supply strings Sl, S2 is applied via series resistors Rl_m, R2_m (eg 100 ⁇ ) to minus inputs of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2.
- the strand tensions are applied via series resistors Rl_m, R2_m (eg 100 ⁇ ) to minus inputs of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2.
- VS1, VS2 at the inputs of the supply strings S1, S2 are applied to plus inputs of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2 via the terminals VS1J N, VS2J N and series resistors Rl_p, R2_p (eg 5.1 kOhm).
- the plus inputs of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2 are each provided by a unidirectional nal Zener diode ZD1_10, ZD2_10, which, for example, enable a clamp voltage of 27 V.
- the choice of the clamping voltages of the Zener diodes ZD1_10, ZD2_20 should preferably be below the clamping voltages of the protective diodes Dzsll, Dzs21, Dzp, so that at high positive pulse load in the electrical system, the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 the supply strands Sl, S2 are forcibly opened and the coupling of the control unit 2 only is still done via the first and second protection diodes Dvsl, Dvs2, Dzsl, Dzs2 the two supply strands Sl, S2. This can reduce the risk in the load-dump case.
- "Open-collector outputs" of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2 are via current limiting resistors Rl_3, R2_3 (eg
- PNP switching transistors Tl_l, T2_l supplied. These switching transistors Tl_l, T2_l are arranged so that they short-circuit in the drive the source-gate voltage of the field effect transistors FETl, FET2. As a result, the blocking of the field effect transistors FET1, FET2 can be forced and the supply lines S1, S2 can be converted into the polarity protected state.
- the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2 used preferably have a "common mode range" which, independently of the positive supply voltage of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2, can for example be 44 V above a voltage potential at the ground connection of the comparators.
- the PNP switching transistors Tl_l, T2_l for blocking the field effect transistors FET1, FET2 in the supply lines S1, S2 can be activated in addition to the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2 by control signals STR1_CTL, STR2_CTL of the computer unit 14 with the aid of NPN control transistors Tl_2, T2_2, and thus a transfer of the Supply strings Sl, S2 in a reverse polarity protected operation on the first protection diodes Dvsl, Dvs2 force.
- Resistors Rl_2, R2_2 (eg 7.5 kOhm) are used to limit the current during control.
- Resistors Rl_4, Rl_5 and R2_4, R2_5 serve as the base voltage divider of the NPN control transistors Tl_2, T2_2.
- the reference voltage VREF and the optional resistor R12_Hy defines a reference current. This is supplied to a current mirror T12_3.
- the mirror currents I REF are coupled out via transistors T12_4, T12_5 and fed to the minus inputs of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2.
- an adjustable hysteresis of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2 is formed.
- the hardware control unit IOC is inactive and there is no or only an irrelevant small power consumption in the ⁇ range at the terminals VS1JN, VS2JN .
- the field-effect transistors FET1, FET2 are switched off and the line voltages VS1, VS2 are protected against reverse polarity via the first protective diodes Dsvl, Dsv2 or the parallel unidirectional second protective diodes Dzsl, Dzs2 and forwarded to the passive filter 20C, with a return current of a supply line Sl, S2 in the other supply beach Sl, S2 is not possible.
- the voltage at the negative input of the second comparator CMP_2 is smaller than the line voltage VS2 at the plus input of the second comparator CMP_2 by the voltage drop between the first line voltage VS1 and the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP plus a second hysteresis.
- the outputs of the two comparators CMP_1, CMP_2 are blocked.
- the PNP switching transistors Tl_l, T2_l for driving the field effect transistors FETl, FET2 are therefore also blocked. Since the sleep mode control signal N_SL in normal operation is at a high logic level, are the control transistors Tl_3, T2_3 conductive.
- the line resistances Ril, Ri2 are responsible for the current distribution in the supply lines Sl, S2, provided that the vehicle voltages VB1, VB2 are equal.
- the switching elements Svsl, Svs2 in the at least two supply lines Sl, S2 are controlled in dependence on the evaluation via corresponding drive signals Svsl_CTL, Svs2_CTL.
- the computer unit 14C can compare the individual phase voltages VS1, VS2 with each other and / or with the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP and generate the drive signals Svsl_CTL, Svs2_CTL for the at least one switching element Svsl, Svs2 via a hardware control unit 12A, 12B, 12C as a function of the comparisons.
- the at least two supply lines Sl, S2 can be checked individually during operation as a function of predetermined conditions.
- the at least two supply lines S1, S2 at predetermined time intervals and / or when a voltage difference between the phase voltages VS1, VS2 exceeds a predetermined amount can be individually checked by the computer unit 14C.
- the string voltage S 1, S 2 of the functional supply string S 1, S 2 can also be connected to the input of the interrupted supply by the coupling at the common node KP and the conducting switching elements Svsl, Svs2. sorgungsstrangs Sl, S2 are pending and therefore can not be detected by the voltage control.
- the computer unit 14C can in normal operation with the control signals STR1_CTL, STR2_CTL, which are set to a high logic level, the field effect transistors FET1, FET2 open, so that an interrupted strand supply can be detected.
- the computer unit 14C can open the at least one switching element Svsl, Svs2 of the supply line S1, S2 to be tested, and detect the reactions of the corresponding line voltage VS1, VS2 and the reverse polarity protected supply voltage VP at the common node KP and evaluate.
- a line interruption in the supply line S1, S2 to be checked can be detected if the corresponding line voltage VS1, VS2 is below a predetermined minimum limit value in the range from 0 to 6V when the switching element Svsl, Svs2 is open.
- the first control signal STR1_CTL is set to the low logic level and the second control signal STR2_CTL is set to the high logic level in order to check the second supply line S2 for a line interruption. Since the second supply line S2 undergoes a voltage reduction by the now effective first protective diode Dvs2 or second protective diode Dzvs2, the supply current IVP concentrates on the first supply line S1.
- the second voltage VS2_ADC approximately corresponds to the second vehicle voltage VB2 if the phase current Isv2 does not flow in the second supply line S2.
- the first voltage VS1_ADC corresponds to the first phase voltage VS1 at maximum load.
- a line interruption to the second supply line S2 can be detected if a significantly lower voltage than the expected second vehicle voltage VB2 is present at the input of the second supply line S2.
- the first control signal STR1_CTL can be set to the high logic level and the second control signal STR2_CTL to the low logic level to check the first supply line Sl.
- the first phase voltage VS1 is detected as the first voltage VS1_ADC and the second line voltage VS2 as the second voltage VS2_ADC, the first line voltage VS1_ADC approximately corresponds to the first vehicle voltage VB1 if the phase current Isvl does not flow in the first supply line S1.
- VS2_ADC corresponds to the second phase voltage VS2 at maximum load.
- a line interruption to the first supply line Sl can be detected if the input of the first supply line Sl a significantly lower voltage than the expected first vehicle voltage VBL is applied.
- the computer unit 14C can conclude the quality of the supply line S1, S2 and provide maintenance information.
- the vehicle voltages VB1, VB2 of the arithmetic unit 14C can also be provided via various communication paths (Ethernet, FlexRay, CAN, LIN) by central vehicle systems.
- the poor quality can be recognized by the fact that the calculated internal resistance exceeds a predetermined limit. The internal resistance may increase over the lifetime, for example due to corrosion at the contact points or be worse.
- phase voltages VS1, VS2 are detected at the terminals VS1JN, VS2JN of the hardware control unit IOC and applied to the plus inputs of the comparators CMP_1, CMP_2.
- the concatenation of the phase voltages VS1, VS2 is applied as polarity protected supply voltage VP.
- the line voltage VS2 and the reverse polarity-protected supply voltage VP + hysteresis is greater than the line voltage VS2 at the input of the second supply line or the voltage at the terminal VS2JN, then the output of the second comparator CMP_2 switches to ground and activates the PNP switching transistor T2_l, which Gate and source of the second field effect transistor FET2 connects and thus the second switching element Svs2 opens.
- the second supply line S2 is in a diode coupling, so that the node KP backwards can not deliver a permanent stream in the second supply line S2.
- the computer unit 14C can then generate a warning message and output via an acoustic and / or optical output unit if a line interruption and / or a problem and / or a poor quality in at least one of the two supply lines Sl, S2 are detected. Additionally or alternatively, the computer unit 14C store the warning message and output at a later time via a diagnostic interface. As a result, the respective at least partially autonomous function can be returned to the driver or a rapid service can be triggered without there being an urgent need for it, since, due to the redundant two-line supply, no unwanted functional restriction initially occurs.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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DE102017217003.4A DE102017217003A1 (de) | 2017-09-26 | 2017-09-26 | Mehrstrangversorgungseinheit für ein Fahrzeugsteuergerät |
PCT/EP2018/072116 WO2019063186A1 (de) | 2017-09-26 | 2018-08-15 | Mehrstrangversorgungseinheit für ein fahrzeugsteuergerät |
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US20210159694A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
DE102017217003A1 (de) | 2019-03-28 |
JP2020535785A (ja) | 2020-12-03 |
KR102568231B1 (ko) | 2023-08-23 |
MX2020003025A (es) | 2020-07-22 |
CN111133650B (zh) | 2022-09-27 |
JP6993514B2 (ja) | 2022-02-15 |
US11177655B2 (en) | 2021-11-16 |
CN111133650A (zh) | 2020-05-08 |
WO2019063186A1 (de) | 2019-04-04 |
KR20200060740A (ko) | 2020-06-01 |
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