EP3669989A1 - Apparatus for comminutiion of solids - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) for comminuting solids comprises a housing (2) with a wall (3) and a rotor (5; 33) rotatably mounted in the housing (2) in the region (6) of the wall (3). The rotor (5; 33) can be driven by a motor (7) in order to crush solids fed into the housing (2) and is formed by a hub (8) and chains (9; 34). The chains (9; 34) are attached to the hub (8). The housing (2) has a discharge opening (15) through which comminuted solids can be discharged from the housing (2). The wall (3) is formed by a multiplicity of pluggable wall segments (14) which can be detached from the housing (2). The rotor (5; 33) has comminution elements (29; 35) which are each attached to at least one chain (9; 34). When the rotor (5; 33) is driven, a grinding gap (32; 36) is established between each size reduction element (29; 35) and the wall (3).

Description

The invention relates to a device for crushing solids according to the preamble of claim 1.

Before waste can be adequately recycled, it has to be shredded in order to separate recyclable solids and to prepare the non-recyclable waste for incineration or landfill. Devices that work according to the cross-flow principle have proven particularly useful for comminuting the solids, since they offer a high degree of comminution with a comparatively low power input.

A device that works on the cross-flow principle is for example from the DE 202004007482 U1 known. The grinding chamber of the device comprises a grinding chamber wall which has individual, straight side parts which are arranged at an angle to one another. In the side parts, detachable outlet openings are provided, through which comminuted material is ejected, which has a smaller particle size than the desired material particle size, which is defined by the width of the outlet openings. The desired material particle size can be adjusted by exchanging the outlet openings.

Another device that works on the cross flow principle is from the
WO 2010/012512 A1 known. The device has a housing which is cylindrical and has a wall. In the operating position of the device, the housing has a feed opening in the upper region, through which solids can be fed into the housing. In the area of the wall, which extends in the operating position of the device in the lower part of the housing, a rotatably mounted rotor is formed. The rotor can be driven by a motor via belt drives in order to shred the solids fed into the housing. The rotor is formed by a hub and chains attached to the hub. When the rotor is driven, the chains extend in the direction of the wall due to the centrifugal force and shred the solids fed into the housing. The comminuted solids are removed from the housing via a discharge opening formed in the housing and used for further use.

The wall and the rotor are usually made of high-strength steel in order to keep wear to a minimum. However, in particular with harder solids, for example with solids that consist partly or entirely of steel, a high wear occurs in the area of the wall. The inside of the wall is virtually hollowed out by wear, which means that the housing either has to be completely replaced at regular intervals or expensive material has to be welded on in the area of the wall.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and in which a regular replacement of the housing or a regular welding of material to the housing is avoided.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a device with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims and the description.

In the device according to the invention, the wall is formed by a multiplicity of pluggable wall segments which can be detached from the housing, the wall segments being designed such that they can be plugged into one another by means of tongue and groove connections. This has the advantage that, in the case of wear in the area of the wall, the entire housing does not have to be replaced or material has to be welded onto it in a complex manner, but the individual wall segments can be removed from the housing and thus exchanged. In addition, the tongue and groove connection ensures that the wall segments are positioned correctly in relation to each other and that the formation of unwanted gaps through which solids can penetrate is avoided.

This not only saves costs, but the device can also be kept in operation in a way that conserves materials.

In the device according to the invention, the wall is formed by a large number of pluggable wall segments which can be detached from the housing. This has the advantage that, in the case of wear in the area of the wall, the entire housing does not have to be exchanged or this has to be welded on in a complex manner, but the individual wall segments can be removed from the housing and thus exchanged. This not only saves costs, but the device can also be kept in operation in a way that conserves materials.

Furthermore, the rotor in the device according to the invention has at least one comminution element which is in each case attached to at least one chain. When the rotor is driven, a grinding gap is established between each shredding element and the wall. The grinding capacity is improved by the resulting grinding gap since the abrasion of the solids among one another is increased by the grinding gap.

Solids, for example, are all types of materials made of metals or metal alloys. Solids can also be materials that have a high proportion of metal and also contain other elements, such as plastics.

The wall segments are advantageously profiled in a first region which faces the rotor. The profiling increases the surface roughness of the wall, as a result of which the solids are broken up more quickly.

In order to be able to better dissipate heat which arises when the solids are comminuted and to prevent the device from overheating, the wall segments advantageously have cooling fins. However, there is also the possibility that the wall is actively cooled by means of a cooling liquid.

The device preferably has position pins. The housing preferably has bores distributed in the region of the wall around the rotor, and the wall segments preferably have bores. The position pins are each advantageously threaded through at least one hole in the housing and holes in a plurality of wall segments in order to position the wall segments with respect to the housing. The position of the wall segments in relation to the housing is predetermined by the position pins, which means that the wall segments can be quickly and easily repositioned in the correct position after the wall segments have been replaced.

There is the possibility that the position pins are fixed to the housing, for example by means of a thread, and that the worn-out wall segments are threaded off the position pins when changing and new wall segments are threaded onto the position pins. In this regard, it is advantageous if the tip of the position pins has a thread in order to brace the wall segments against the housing by means of a nut.

There is also the possibility that the position pins can be detached from the housing and can be threaded out of the holes in the wall segments. This has the advantage that after the position pins have been loosened, the wall segments can easily be detached from the side of the housing and do not have to be laboriously threaded off the position pins. In this connection, the position pins are provided with a cross pin at one end which is threaded into the bore of the housing and the bores of the wall segments, and at the other end with a nut, the bores being additionally slotted to assist in threading and Threading out to provide space for the cross pin. The bores expediently have a shape similar to a keyhole. By turning the position pins 90 degrees after threading, they are locked, whereby the wall segments can be tightened by tightening the nut. To loosen the position pins, they must be turned back or turned 90 degrees after loosening the nut, which allows them to be threaded through the holes.

The device advantageously has at least one clamping element, the at least one clamping element fixing at least one wall segment to the housing. The at least one clamping element is formed, for example, by at least one toggle joint, which can be actuated by muscle power, by at least one hydraulic cylinder, which fixes the wall segments to the housing directly or by at least one intermediate element, and / or, if present, by the position pins. The wall segments are prevented from slipping by fixing the wall segments via the at least one tensioning element.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, damping elements are formed in the hub, the chains being held on the hub in a vibration and shock-absorbing manner by the damping elements. The damping elements are formed, for example, by rubber elements and / or spring elements, each of which holds at least one chain link in a form-fitting manner on the hub. The damping elements significantly reduce the noise generated during the comminution of the solids, and load changes that occur as a result of the comminution are transmitted from the chains to the motor in a damped manner. This extends the life of the motor and protects the rotor and motor bearings.

The device preferably has a regulating device, by means of which a rotational speed of the motor can be regulated. A degree of comminution can be changed by different speeds. The faster the rotor turns, the faster and smaller the solids are crushed.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant, the discharge opening is covered with chains, solid particles accelerated by the rotor and sufficiently comminuted penetrate the chains and emerge from the housing. The chains represent a kind of sieve, whereby the chains prevent insufficiently comminuted solids from leaving the housing. The size of the solids that can be removed from the housing is influenced by the choice of chain links and the distance between the chains. The larger the chain links and the greater the distance between the chains, the larger solids can leave the housing through the discharge opening. Furthermore, the chains have the advantage that non-comminutable contaminants are conveyed out of the housing through the chains, which prevents damage and does not require the entire device to be switched off to remove the contaminants.

At least two tensioning bolts are advantageously formed in the area of the discharge opening, which are spaced apart from one another and are each threaded through different chain links of the chains. A distance between the tensioning bolts can be changed by means of a sliding bearing arrangement of at least one tensioning bolt in order to tension the chains to different degrees. The sliding bearing is formed, for example, by an eccentric bearing of a clamping bolt or by a rail, the position of the at least one clamping bolt in the case of storage by means of a rail advantageously being changed via a screw drive in relation to the other clamping bolt.

The device expediently has a slide which is formed in the discharge opening. A cross section of the discharge opening can be changed using the slide. There is the possibility that the slide is perforated, and the size of the holes can be used to determine a maximum size of the solids which are discharged from the housing.

The at least one wall segment preferably has a fluid opening, by means of which fluids can be fed into the housing and / or by means of which fluids can be discharged from the housing. The fluid opening is advantageously formed by at least one hole or by at least one slot. An inert gas can, for example, be passed through the fluid opening into the housing in order to prevent the ignition of solids provided with combustible materials during comminution.

The rotor can expediently be driven directly by the motor via a shaft. In addition, an elastic coupling is advantageously formed between the motor and rotor or between the motor and shaft on which the rotor is seated, in order to prevent vibrations that occur during comminution the rotor act dampened to transmit to the motor. But there is also the possibility that the motor drives the rotor via a belt drive or a chain.

The motor is advantageously formed by a servo motor or a hydraulic motor.

• Figur 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht.
• Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen einen Rotor der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 in Seitenansicht und in Draufsicht.
• Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen eine alternative Ausführungsform eines Rotors in Seitenansicht und in Draufsicht.

Further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.

• Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention in a side view.
• Figures 2 and 3 show a rotor of the embodiment of the device according to the invention Figure 1 in side view and in top view.
• Figures 4 and 5 show an alternative embodiment of a rotor in side view and in plan view.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a device 1 for comminuting solids according to the invention in a side view. The device 1 comprises a housing 2 with a wall 3 and a feed opening 4 for feeding solids into the housing 2.

The housing 2 is cylindrical and is arranged in the operating position of the device 1. The feed opening 4 is in the operating position of the device 1 in the upper part of the housing 2. The wall 3 is arranged in the operating position of the device 1 in the lower region 6 of the housing 2. The wall 3 represents the outer surface of the housing 2 in the area 6.

The device 1 has a rotor 5, which is rotatably mounted in the region 6 of the wall 3, and a motor 7, which is designed to drive the rotor 5 in order to comminute solids fed into the housing 2. The motor 7 is connected to the rotor 5 directly via a shaft 12 which is rotatably mounted in a bearing housing 13 flanged to the housing 2. The motor 7 is flanged to the bearing housing 13. The motor 7 is advantageously connected to the shaft 12 via an elastic coupling.

But there is also the possibility that the motor 7 and the rotor 5 are connected via a belt drive, gear wheels or a chain.

The device 1 has a control device 27, by means of which a speed of the motor 7 can be controlled. The degree of comminution of the solids can be changed via the speed.

The rotor 5 is formed by a hub 8, chains 9 and size reduction elements 29. Damping elements 26 are formed in the hub 8, the chains 9 being held in the hub 8 in a damped manner by the damping elements 26. When the rotor 5 is driven, the chains 9 and the comminution elements 29 extend in the direction of the wall 3 due to the centrifugal force, a grinding gap 32 being established between each comminution element 29 and the wall 3.

If the rotor 5 is not driven, the chains 9 lie at least partially and the comminution elements 29 rest completely on a bottom 10 of the housing 2. In addition, the rotor has 5 extensions 11. In Figure 1 only a chain 9, an extension 11 and a comminution element 29 is shown for reasons of clarity.

The housing 2 has a discharge opening 15 in the region 6, through which comminuted solids can be discharged from the housing 2. The discharge opening 15 is covered with chains 28. The chains 28 act like a type of sieve, as a result of which only sufficiently comminuted solids are removed from the housing 2. Furthermore, the chains 28 have the advantage that non-comminutable impurities are carried out directly by the chains 28, as a result of which they are discharged without damage and the device 1 for discharging them does not have to be switched off separately.

Two clamping bolts 37 and 38 are also formed in the region of the discharge opening 15. The tensioning bolts 37 and 38 are arranged at a distance from one another and are each threaded through different chain links of the chains 28. At least one of the clamping bolts 37 or 38 is slidably supported by a sliding bearing, for example an eccentric or a rail with spindle adjustment, as a result of which a distance between the clamping bolts 37 and 38 can be changed. By changing the distance, the chains 28 can be tensioned to different degrees.
The wall 3 is formed by a plurality of wall segments 14 which can be plugged together. See in particular the Figures 2 and 3 . The wall segments 14 are arcuate and extend over an angle of 60 °. But there is also the possibility that they extend over a larger or smaller angle. The angle is advantageously selected such that the wall segments do not become too long and their position can still be changed individually by one person.

The wall segments 14 have a groove 16 at a first end and a tongue 17 at a second end so that they can be plugged into one another. Only the wall segments 14, which are arranged in the region of the discharge opening 15, have either a groove 16 or a tongue 17. These wall segments 14 are also only partially arcuate.

Furthermore, the wall segments 14 are profiled in a first area 18 which faces the rotor 5 and they have cooling fins 20 in a second area 19 which faces away from the rotor 5.

Furthermore, the device 1 has position pins 21 and the wall segments 14 have bores 22 and the housing 2 has bores 39. The holes 39 are arranged in the bottom 10 in the region 6 of the wall distributed around the rotor 5. The bores 22 and 39 are essentially in the form of a keyhole. The positioning pins 21 have cross pins 41 at one end 40 and a nut 43 at the other end 42. By means of the end 40, a position pin 21 can be threaded through bores 22 and 39 lying one above the other, the position pin 21 being locked by rotating it by 90 degrees and it can no longer be removed by simply pulling it. By tightening the nut 43, the wall segments 14 are tensioned on the housing 2. To loosen the position pins 21, after loosening the nut 43, these are turned back or rotated further, so that these can be threaded through the bores 22 and 39. With the threaded position pins 21, the wall segments 14 can be removed laterally in a simple manner.

Furthermore, the device 1 has a clamping element 23, the clamping element 23 being formed by a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 24 and an intermediate element 25 in the form of a ring.

A change in the wall segments 14 will now be described in more detail.

To change the wall segments 14, a supply of solids into the housing 2 is interrupted and the motor 7 is stopped with a time delay via the control device 27 in order to discharge as much comminuted solids from the housing 2 via the discharge opening 15.

In a first step, all nuts 43 are loosened and all position pins 21 are removed by rotating them 90 degrees and threading them through the bores 22 of the wall segments 14 and through the bore 39 of the housing 2.

Subsequently, the intermediate element 25 is raised via the hydraulic cylinders 24, as a result of which a neck 30 connected to the intermediate element 25 is pushed into the remaining fixed housing 2, which is held by upright 31. See right side of Figure 1 .

By lifting the intermediate element 25, the wall segments 14 are exposed, as a result of which they can be detached laterally from the rest of the housing 2. Instead of the removed wall segments 14, new wall segments 14 are placed again such that the individual bores 22 of the wall segments 14 lie one above the other. If all defective wall segments 14 or all wall segments 14 that have reached their wear limit are replaced, the intermediate element 25 is lowered again via the hydraulic cylinders 24, as a result of which the wall segments 14 are fixed and the wall 3 is closed again. See left side Figure 1 . Now all position pins 21 are threaded through the bores 22 and 39 and fixed by turning 90 degrees. By tightening the nuts 43, the wall segments 14 are tensioned. There is the possibility that the wall segments 14 are tensioned only over the intermediate element 25 and the position pins 21 serve as additional fixation, or that the wall segments 14 are tensioned over the intermediate element 25 and over the position pins 21. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the wall segments are only stretched over the positioning pins 21 and the intermediate element 25 is only placed on the wall segments 14. As a result of the construction according to the invention, the entire housing no longer has to be replaced or material has to be welded on in a time-consuming manner.

After the wall segments 14 are tensioned again, the rotor 5 can be driven again by the motor 7 and solids can be fed into the feed opening 4.

Figures 4 and 5 each show detailed views of an alternative embodiment of a rotor 33 in side view and in plan view. The rotor 33 differs from the rotor 5 which is shown in FIG Figures 2 and 3 is shown in detail, in that the rotor 33 has four chains 34 and comminution elements 35 are each held by two chains 34. Furthermore, the rotor 33 has no extensions 11.

The crushing elements 35 are profiled on a side facing the wall 3 in order to change their roughness. In this embodiment of the rotor 33, a grinding gap 36 is selected to be very small, as a result of which the solids are crushed particularly finely.

Claims (14)

Device (1) for comminuting solids, comprising
a housing (2) with a wall (3) and a feed opening (4) for feeding solids into the housing (2),
a rotor (5; 33) which is rotatably mounted in the housing (2) in the region (6) of the wall (3), a motor (7) which is designed to drive the rotor (5; 33) in order to 2) to shredded solids,
the rotor (5) being formed by a hub (8) and chains (9; 34) which are fastened to the hub (8) and which extend in the direction of the wall (3) when the rotor (5; 33) is driven, wherein the rotor (5; 33) has at least one comminution element (29; 35) which is in each case attached to at least one chain (9; 34), and
wherein the housing (2) has a discharge opening (15) through which comminuted solids can be discharged from the housing (2), characterized in that
that the wall (3) is formed by a multiplicity of wall segments (14) which can be plugged together and which can be detached from the housing (2), the wall segments (14) being designed in such a way that they are connected by means of a groove (16) and tongue (17) Connections are plugged into each other, and
that when the rotor (5; 33) is driven, a grinding gap (32; 36) is established between each comminution element (29; 35) and the wall (3). Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall segments (14) are profiled in a first area (18) facing the rotor (5; 33) and in a second area (19) facing the rotor (5; 33) facing away, have cooling fins (20). Device (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the device (1) has position pins (21), that the housing (2) in the region (6) of the wall (3) around the rotor (5; 33 ) has distributed bores (39) and that the wall segments (14) have bores (22), the position pins (21) each being threaded through at least one bore in the housing (2) and bores (22) of a plurality of wall segments in order to surround the wall segments ( 14) in relation to the housing (2). Device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the position pins (21) are detachable and can be threaded out of the bores (22) of the wall segments (14). Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device (1) has at least one clamping element (23), the at least one clamping element (23) fixing at least one wall segment (14) to the housing (2). Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one clamping element (23) by at least one toggle joint, which can be actuated by muscle power, by at least one hydraulic cylinder (24), which is directly or via at least one intermediate element ( 25) fixes the wall segments (14) to the housing (2), and / or, if present, is formed by the position pins (21). Device (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that damping elements (26) are formed in the hub (8), the chains (9; 34) being damped by the damping elements (26) on the hub (8) are held. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the device (1) has a control device (27) by means of which a speed of the motor (7) can be controlled. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the discharge opening (15) is covered with chains (28), with the rotor (5; 33) accelerated, sufficiently comminuted solids penetrate the chains (28) and emerge from the housing (2). Device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that in the region of the discharge opening (15) at least two clamping bolts (37, 38) are formed, which are arranged at a distance from one another and are each threaded through different chain links of the chains (28), one The distance between the tensioning bolts (37, 38) can be changed by a sliding bearing of at least one tensioning bolt (37, 38) in order to tension the chains (28) to different degrees. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a slide is formed in the discharge opening, by means of which a cross section of the discharge opening can be changed. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the slide is perforated. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a fluid opening is formed at least in one of the wall segments, by means of which fluids can be fed into the housing and / or by means of which fluids can be removed from the housing. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the rotor (5; 33) can be driven directly via a shaft (12) by the motor (7).

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