EP3627242B1 - Optimised magneto-mechanical timepiece escapement mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a clockwork oscillator, comprising at least one resonator, with an inertial mass returned by elastic return means relative to a fixed structure, said resonator oscillating about an axis of oscillation, said inertial mass bearing an input pallet and an output pallet, said oscillator comprising an escape mechanism comprising an escape wheel arranged to rotate about an axis of rotation and comprising end teeth, each arranged to cooperate with said pallet input or with said output pallet for maintaining the oscillation of said resonator.

The invention also relates to a timepiece movement comprising at least one such oscillator.

The invention also relates to a watch comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such oscillator.

The invention relates to the field of clockwork oscillator mechanisms.

Background of the invention

The use of flexible guides makes it possible to produce high frequency resonators with a high quality factor, as for example in patent applications EP2908184 , EP2908185 , EP30350126 , EP3035127 , on behalf of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, EP2891929 on behalf of NIVAROX-FAR, EP3054357 on behalf of ETA, EP2911012 on behalf of CSEM, EP3182214 on behalf of AUDEMARS PIGUET, WO2017157870 on behalf of LVMH.

Magnetic exhausts without friction are well suited to maintain this type of resonator, as readable in patent applications EP141999882.3 on behalf of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, or US9715217 in the name of DI DOMENICO, because they allow to obtain high returns. The addition of a mechanical anti-release system guarantees robustness when worn, as in the patent application EP16195405.2 on behalf of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, but it makes self-start difficult.

The patent EP2889704B1 in the name of NIVAROX-FAR describes an escape mechanism whose escape wheel, subjected to a pivoting torque of moment less than a nominal moment, comprises actuators regularly spaced on its periphery, each arranged to cooperate directly with at least a first track of a mobile regulator, in particular a cylindrical track. Each actuator comprises first magnetic stopping means forming a barrier and arranged to cooperate with this first track which is magnetized or ferromagnetic, to exert on the first track a torque greater than the nominal moment. Each actuator also comprises second stop means arranged to constitute a stroke limiting stopper, arranged to constitute an autonomous escape mechanism with at least one complementary first stop surface that the mobile regulator comprises.

A general proposal to combine a high efficiency magnetic escapement and a mechanical escapement with its self-starting and safety characteristics is described in the patent application. EP2894522 on behalf of NIVAROX-FAR. The documents US 3,183,426 A , US 3,673,792 A also relate to magneto-mechanical horological escapement mechanisms.

Summary of the invention

The invention proposes to provide a robust and self-starting exhaust mechanism for maintaining a high-frequency resonator with a high quality factor.

To this end, the invention relates to a clockwork oscillator mechanism according to claim 1. Other preferred embodiments are defined in claims 2 to 16.

The invention also relates, according to claim 17, to a timepiece movement comprising at least one such oscillator.

The invention also relates, according to claim 18, to a watch comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such oscillator.

Brief description of the drawings

• la figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée, et en vue de dessus, un oscillateur qui comporte un balancier à lames flexibles entretenu par un échappement magnéto-mécanique ;
• la figure 2 représente, de façon schématisée, et en perspective, l'oscillateur de la figure 1,
• la figure 3 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 1, une géométrie particulière du mécanisme d'échappement magnéto-mécanique selon l'invention ;
• la figure 4 illustre, de façon schématisée, et en coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire au plan des figures 1 à 3, l'interaction répulsive entre des aimants que porte la roue d'échappement de la figure 3, et des palettes que comporte le résonateur de la figure 3 ;
• chacune des figures 5 à 10 décrit, de façon similaire à la figure 3, une étape de la séquence de fonctionnement de l'échappement sur la palette de sortie:
• figure 5 : arc libre sans frottement ;
• figure 6 : dégagement sur la palette d'entrée ;
• figure 7 : avance de la roue d'échappement et impulsion sur la palette de sortie ;
• figure 8 : choc sur la palette de sortie ;
• figure 9 : léger recul de la roue d'échappement ;
• figure 10 : arc libre sans frottement ;
• chacune des figures 11 à 16 décrit, de façon similaire aux figures 5 à 10, une étape de la séquence de fonctionnement de l'échappement sur la palette d'entrée:
• figure 11 : arc libre sans frottement ;
• figure 12 : dégagement sur la palette de sortie;
• figure 13: avance de la roue d'échappement et impulsion sur la palette d'entrée ;
• figure 14 : choc sur la palette d'entrée ;
• figure 15 : léger recul de la roue d'échappement ;
• figure 16 : arc libre sans frottement ;
• la figure 17 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, les trajectoires des aimants de la roue d'échappement dans le référentiel du résonateur ;
• la figure 18 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, les zones fonctionnelles mécaniques de la palette d'entrée magnétique ;
• la figure 19 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, les zones fonctionnelles magnétiques de la palette d'entrée magnétique ;
• la figure 20 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, les zones fonctionnelles mécaniques de la palette de sortie magnétique ;
• la figure 21 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, les zones fonctionnelles magnétiques de la palette de sortie magnétique ;
• la figure 22 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, les sécurités, la pénétration, les patins magnétiques et l'auto-démarrage;
• la figure 23 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, une variante de réalisation du correcteur d'isochronisme;
• la figure 24 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 23, une autre variante de réalisation du correcteur d'isochronisme;
• la figure 25 est un schéma de principe qui représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, un point d'entrée et un point de sortie, qui sont défini par les intersections entre un premier cercle centré sur l'axe de résonateur et que suivent les barrières magnétiques des palettes d'entrée et de sortie du résonateur, et un deuxième cercle enveloppe de la roue d'échappement et centré sur l'axe d'échappement, au niveau desquels points d'entrée et de sortie évoluent respectivement la palette d'entrée et la palette de sortie du résonateur, et qui montre la définition de directions élémentaires orientées aux tangentes à ce premier cercle et à ce deuxième cercle, en ce point d'entrée et en ce point de sortie ;
• la figure 26 est un schéma-blocs représentant une montre comportant un mouvement comportant un oscillateur avec un balancier à lames flexibles entretenu par un échappement magnéto-mécanique selon l'invention.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, where:

• the figure 1 represents, schematically, and in top view, an oscillator which comprises a flexible blade balance maintained by a magneto-mechanical escapement;
• the figure 2 represents, schematically, and in perspective, the oscillator of the figure 1 ,
• the figure 3 represents, similarly to the figure 1 , a particular geometry of the magneto-mechanical escapement mechanism according to the invention;
• the figure 4 illustrates, schematically, and in section along a plane perpendicular to the plane of figures 1 to 3 , the repulsive interaction between magnets carried by the escape wheel of the figure 3 , and the paddles that the resonator of the figure 3 ;
• each of the figures 5 to 10 described, similarly to figure 3 , a step in the operating sequence of the exhaust on the outlet pallet:
• figure 5 : free arc without friction;
• figure 6 : clearance on the entry pallet;
• figure 7 : advance of the escape wheel and impulse on the exit pallet;
• figure 8 : impact on the exit pallet;
• figure 9 : slight retraction of the escape wheel;
• figure 10 : free arc without friction;
• each of the figures 11 to 16 described, similarly to figures 5 to 10 , a step in the operating sequence of the exhaust on the inlet pallet:
• figure 11 : free arc without friction;
• figure 12 : clearance on the output pallet;
• figure 13 : advance of the escape wheel and impulse on the input pallet;
• figure 14 : impact on the entry pallet;
• figure 15 : slight retraction of the escape wheel;
• figure 16 : free arc without friction;
• the figure 17 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the trajectories of the escapement wheel magnets in the resonator frame of reference;
• the figure 18 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the mechanical functional areas of the magnetic entry pallet;
• the figure 19 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the magnetic functional zones of the magnetic entry pallet;
• the figure 20 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the mechanical functional areas of the magnetic output pallet;
• the figure 21 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the magnetic functional areas of the magnetic output pallet;
• the figure 22 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the safety devices, the penetration, the magnetic pads and the auto-start;
• the figure 23 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , an alternative embodiment of the isochronism corrector;
• the figure 24 represents, similarly to the figure 23 , another variant embodiment of the isochronism corrector;
• the figure 25 is a block diagram which represents, similarly to the figure 3 , an entry point and an exit point, which are defined by the intersections between a first circle centered on the resonator axis and followed by the magnetic barriers of the resonator entry and exit vanes, and a second circle casing of the escape wheel and centered on the escape axis, at which entry and exit points evolve respectively the entry pallet and the exit pallet of the resonator, and which shows the definition of elementary directions oriented at the tangents to this first circle and to this second circle, at this entry point and at this exit point;
• the figure 26 is a block diagram showing a watch comprising a movement comprising an oscillator with a flexible leaf balance maintained by a magneto-mechanical escapement according to the invention.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The invention proposes to provide a robust and self-starting escapement mechanism for maintaining a high-frequency, high-quality factor resonator, with anti-stall properties.

The invention is a practice of the magneto-mechanical escapement, such as that described in the patent application EP2894522 in the name of NIVAROX-FAR, which combines the advantages of high efficiency, great robustness and self-starting.

As in the patent EP2889704B1 in the name of NIVAROX-FAR, the invention adapts, with a markedly improved efficiency, the principle of mechanical cylinder exhausts, which have the advantage of ensuring safety in the event of excessive torque, in particular during an impact, but the high level of friction significantly affects the performance of the exhaust. The improvement in efficiency results from the elimination of contact and friction in a cylinder escapement, by the placement of magnets, or electrets, or the like, which, judiciously placed, form a magnetic or electrostatic repulsion, which eliminates friction and therefore the main defect of this mechanical cylinder escapement. Magnets, or the like, placed on the escape wheel, act as a contactless stopper. Mechanical stops are added to prevent any runaway of the escape wheel in the event of an impact.

The invention is here more particularly described in the magnetic alternative. Those skilled in the art will find in the prior art cited above the means of its adaptation to an electrostatic version, or even a mixed magnetic-electrostatic version.

The complete oscillator 300 comprises at least one resonator 100, in particular but not limited to a resonator with at least one inertial mass 1, in particular a balance, suspended directly or indirectly from a fixed structure 3, which is intended to be fixed to a plate or similar. This at least one inertial mass 1 is recalled by elastic return means. In a particular embodiment, these elastic return means comprise flexible blades 2, as can be seen on the figures 1 and 2 , and this resonator 100 is maintained by a magneto-mechanical exhaust mechanism 200. In other variants not shown, these elastic return means may include at least one spiral spring, or the like.

At least one inertial mass 1 carries an entry pallet PE and an exit pallet PS.

The oscillator 300 comprising an escape mechanism 200. The escape mechanism 200 is an intermittent operating mechanism, and conventionally comprises at least one escape wheel 20, arranged to rotate about an axis of rotation OE, and which comprises arms 21 provided with mechanical end teeth 22, arranged to interact alternately with the inlet PE and outlet PS paddles. Each of these teeth 22 is arranged to cooperate with the input pallet PE or with the output pallet PS for maintaining the oscillation of the resonator 100.

According to the invention, this escape mechanism 200 is magneto-mechanical. The escape wheel 20 comprises at least one magnet 23 at the end of each tooth 22. These teeth 22 are arranged to rest on a mechanical pallet 16, which each input PE or PS output pallet comprises during the arc. free of the resonator 100. And the input pallet PE comprises a first magnetic arrangement 30, the output pallet PS comprises a second magnetic arrangement 30. And this first magnetic arrangement 30 and this second magnetic arrangement 30 each comprise an annular sector, centered on the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator 100, and defining a first magnetic barrier zone Z1. This first magnetic barrier zone Z1 extends above and / or below the mechanical pallet 16, with reference to the direction of the axis of oscillation OR, over the entire length of this mechanical pallet suitable for use. bearing on the teeth 22 during the free arc, so as to constitute a magnetic cylinder escape mechanism.

In the particular and non-limiting variant illustrated, such an inertial mass 1 comprises a balance 11, in particular made of titanium alloy, comprising adjustment weights 101. This inertial mass 1 is integral with two plates 12, 13, made of silicon, or of silicon and silicon dioxide, or the like, each comprising a flexible blade 2. The two flexible blades 2 shown here intersect in projection substantially at the level of the axis of oscillation OR of the inertial mass 1. The ends of the two plates, opposite to those fixed to the balance 11, constitute a single mass 4, or two distinct masses 4, each suspended by transverse flexible blades 7 and / or at least one rigid beam 6 to an intermediate body 5, itself suspended from the structure fixed 3 by longitudinal flexible blades 8 and / or at least one rigid beam 9. This particular arrangement constitutes an anti-shock table, effective for protecting the flexible pivot formed by the flexible blades ibles 2.

Such anti-shock devices intended to protect the blades of the resonator are in particular described in the patent applications. CH00518 / 18 on behalf of ETA and CH00540 / 18 on behalf of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT. Advantageously, such devices include such translation tables, allowing the inertial mass 1 of the resonator 100, in particular a balance 11, to be able to move in the event of an impact, and stops centered on the axis of rotation of this inertial mass, in order to retain it without acting on the pivot blades. These stops are not visible in the figures, and may consist of pins fixed to a plate or to a bridge, one being an upper pin cooperating with play with an upper bore 18 of the inertial mass 1, and limiting its displacement in the event of an impact, and the other being a lower pin cooperating with play with a lower bore 19 of the inertial mass 1, and limiting its displacement in the event of an impact. On the figure 2 this bore 19 passes through both an upper flange 15 and a lower flange 17, which surround a mechanical pallet 16 integral with the inertial mass 1.

Thus, the resonator 100 comprises a stopper with an input paddle PE, and an output paddle PS, each capable, during the oscillation of the resonator 100, to cooperate with the escape wheel 20. These input paddles PE and output PS may be separate, or form a single unit, each is arranged to be fixed integral with the inertial mass 1, and the distal end of each pallet PE, PS is arranged to cooperate with the teeth 22 of the wheel 20 Each pallet PE, PS comprises a mechanical pallet 16 provided for mechanical contact with the teeth 22, and this mechanical pallet 16 advantageously, but not necessarily, ends in an impulse plane at the distal end of the pallet concerned, on the escape wheel side 20.

According to the invention, at least one escape wheel 20 comprises at least one magnet 23 at the end of each tooth 22. And the oscillator 300 comprises a first magnetic arrangement 30 for the input pallet PE and a second magnetic arrangement 30 for the PS output pallet, and which are not necessarily identical, as we will see later. Each magnetic arrangement 30 is arranged to be attached to a pallet, or else forms an integral part of a pallet, at least at an upper flange 15 and / or a lower flange 17, flanking the mechanical pallet 16, and disposed respectively above or below the escape wheel 20; these arrangements above and below are understood with reference to the direction of the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator 100, and of the axis of rotation OE of the escape wheel 20, which is parallel to it.

In short, an entry pallet PE or an exit pallet PS comprises a mechanical pallet 16, arranged to cooperate with the teeth 22 of the wheel 20, and a magnetic arrangement 30, the magnetic field effect of which is superimposed on the teeth. potential mechanical interaction surfaces of the mechanical pallet 16. This magnetic arrangement 30 can be produced at different surfaces, in particular the surfaces of the mechanical pallet 16, more particularly at the edge or beyond the zone of mechanical interaction with it. the teeth 22 of the wheel 20. More particularly, at least one such magnetic arrangement 30 is implanted under an upper flange 15 and / or on a lower flange 17 of one of the inlet PE or outlet PS pallets. More particularly, at least one such magnetic arrangement 30 is installed under an upper flange 15 and on a lower flange 17 of one of the inlet PE or outlet PS pallets. More particularly still, such a magnetic arrangement 30 is implanted under an upper flange 15 and on a lower flange 17 of each of the input PE and output PS pallets.

In the variant illustrated by the figures, the resonator 100 is equipped with input PE and output PS vanes comprising substantially tubular mechanical vanes 16, and to which magnets have been added above and below, as can be seen on the figures 3 and 4 , to constitute these magnetic arrangements 30. In a variant, all or part of the magnets can be replaced by at least one continuous or pixelated magnetized surface.

The geometry of the magneto-mechanical escapement is presented in more detail on the figure 3 .

The magnets 23 of the escape wheel 20 interact in repulsion with the magnets carried by the resonator which are arranged on at least one level, and more particularly on two levels, above and below the wheel 20 according to the diagram of the figure 4 .

The sequence illustrated by figures 5 to 10 describes the functions of the escapement.

After a free arc, without friction, on the entry pallet PE located in the left part of the figure, as visible in figure 5 , there is clearance on the PE inlet pallet, as shown in figure 6 .

Then, as seen in figure 7 , the escape wheel 20 begins to rotate in the direction of the arrow, under the effect of the maintenance torque, and it transmits its impulse by magnetic repulsion to the output pallet PS located on the right-hand side of the figure.

Then, in a particular variant, a mechanical contact, of shock type, between the escape wheel 20 and the output pallet PS, makes it possible to damp the rebounds, as can be seen in figure 8 . This shock is useful, but not essential for the proper functioning of the exhaust. Indeed, one can achieve a similar exhaust in which the shock does not take place. The advantage of a small controlled shock, like this one, is to allow the dissipation of part of the energy, and to limit the recoil of the escape wheel 20. Note also that this shock has The advantage of allowing an acoustic measurement of the rate, since, in normal operation, it is then the only audible mechanical contact during operation of the escapement. Another advantage of limiting the rearward movement of the wheel is the possibility of increasing the number of teeth of the escape wheel 20, for the same size.

After this possible mechanical contact, and as visible in figure 9 , the magnetic repulsion between the magnet 23 of the escape wheel 20 and the magnetic pallet produces a slight recoil of the escape wheel 20, so that the free arc on the output pallet PS, visible on the figure 10 , is done without friction. By “without friction” is meant here without mechanical contact between the escape wheel 20 and the resonator 100, because of course there is still friction with the air.

• figure 11 : arc libre sans frottement ;
• figure 12 dégagement sur la palette de sortie PS ;
• figure 13 : avance de la rue d'échappement et impulsion sur la palette d'entrée PE ;
• figure 14 : choc sur palette d'entrée ;
• figure 15 : léger recul de la roue d'échappement ;
• figure 16 : arc libre sans frottement.

A similar sequence occurs on the infeed pallet after disengaging the outlet pallet, as shown in the figures 11 to 16 :

• figure 11 : free arc without friction;
• figure 12 clearance on the PS outlet pallet;
• figure 13 : advance of the escape route and impulse on the entry pallet PE;
• figure 14 : impact on the entry pallet;
• figure 15 : slight retraction of the escape wheel;
• figure 16 : free arc without friction.

In order to understand the design of the magnetic arrangements 30 of the paddles, which may be called magnetic paddles, it is useful to represent the trajectory T of the magnets 23, preferably cylindrical, carried by the teeth 22 of the escape wheel 20, in the frame of reference of the resonator 100, as visible on the figure 17 , whose curves, resulting from the digital simulation, retrace the exact trajectory T of the center of a magnet 23 with respect to the corresponding pallet PE or PS.

If we consider the entry pallet PE, the lowest point to the left of the trajectory T, on the figure 17 , corresponds to the relative position of the figure 13 where the magnet 23 traverses the ascending curve curved to the right, before arriving at an extremum which corresponds to the shock of the figure 14 ; the upward inflection to the left corresponds to the decline of the figure 15 , the ascending trajectory, centered, like the vane itself, and like its mechanical vane 16, on the OR oscillation axis of the resonator 10, corresponds to the free arc without friction of the figure 16 , and this free arc can in particular be longer than that illustrated in the figure, the high position corresponding to the figure 5 , before the descending return with clearance on the right on the PE inlet pallet as in figure 6 . The trajectory at the level of the output pallet PS is of course similar, the figure 17 shows a magnet 23 in repulsive cooperation with a magnetic pad 32, which is included in the magnetic arrangement 30, to give it an impulse.

• une zone de première impulsion ZP ;
• une zone de choc ZC ;
• une zone d'arc libre, non frottant, ZA ;
• une zone de dégagement et de deuxième impulsion ZD.

This makes it possible to identify the functional zones of the magnetic pallets according to the figures 18 to 21 .
We distinguish here, on the entry pallet PE in figure 18 , or on the PS output pallet in figure 20 :

• a zone of first pulse ZP;
• a ZC shock zone;
• a free arc zone, not rubbing, ZA;
• a release zone and second impulse ZD.

Those figures 18 and 20 show that the magnetic arrangement 30 necessarily comprises a magnetic barrier 31, substantially concentric with the pallet PE or PS, and its mechanical pallet 16, around the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator 10. A certain distance, constant, exists between the part of the trajectory T corresponding to the free arc and this magnetic barrier 31, or each magnetic barrier 31 if there are several. Each such magnetic barrier 31, in conjunction with a magnet 23 of the escape wheel 20, makes it possible to avoid any contact, and therefore any friction, in normal operation, between the tooth 22 and the PE or PS pallet concerned. Of course, mechanical contact can occur in the event of an impact, during a fall of the watch for example, between on the one hand the mechanical pallet 16 of the PE or PS pallet and on the other hand a tooth 22, which together ensure the safety stop function.

• au moins une barrière magnétique 31, comportant au moins un aimant sensiblement cylindrique autour de l'axe d'oscillation OR du résonateur 10 ;
• au moins un patin magnétique 32, complété de préférence par un talon magnétique 33,
• au moins une zone ferromagnétique ou faiblement aimantée 34 pour la correction de l'isochronisme.

The magnetic arrangement 30 comprises, in the variants of these same figures, a complete arrangement, not limiting since the oscillator 300 according to the invention can operate with all or part of the magnets or magnetized zones described below, on condition that it comprises at least the magnetic barriers 31:

• at least one magnetic barrier 31, comprising at least one substantially cylindrical magnet around the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator 10;
• at least one magnetic pad 32, preferably completed by a magnetic heel 33,
• at least one ferromagnetic or weakly magnetized zone 34 for the correction of isochronism.

• D1+: tangente à la palette d'entrée au point d'entrée, dirigée vers l'axe d'échappement OE ;
• D1- : tangente à la palette d'entrée au point d'entrée, de sens opposé à D1+ ;
• D2+ : tangente à la roue 20 au point d'entrée, dirigée dans le sens de rotation de la roue 20;
• D2- : tangente à la roue 20 au point d'entrée, de sens opposé à D2+ ;
• D3+ : tangente à la palette d'entrée au point de sortie, dirigée vers l'axe d'échappement OE ;
• D3- : tangente à la palette d'entrée au point de sortie, de sens opposé à D3+ ;
• D4+ : tangente à la roue 20 au point de sortie, dirigée dans le sens de rotation de la roue 20;
• D4- : tangente à la roue 20 au point de sortie, de sens opposé à D4+.

The figure 25 is a block diagram of the situation, which represents, similarly to the figure 3 , an entry point E and an exit point S, which are defined by the intersection of a first circle CO centered on the resonator axis OR and which follow the magnetic barriers 31 of the entry paddles PE and of output PS of the resonator 3, and of a second circle CE, which constitutes the casing of the escape wheel 20 and centered on the exhaust axis OE. The input pallet PE and the output pallet PS of the resonator 3 evolve respectively at the level of the entry point E and the exit point S. The figure 25 defines elementary directions, which are oriented at the tangents to this first circle CO and to this second circle CE, at this entry point E and at this exit point S:

• D1 +: tangent to the entry pallet at the entry point, directed towards the OE exhaust axis;
• D1-: tangent to the entry pallet at the entry point, in the opposite direction to D1 +;
• D2 +: tangent to the wheel 20 at the entry point, directed in the direction of rotation of the wheel 20;
• D2-: tangent to the wheel 20 at the entry point, in the opposite direction to D2 +;
• D3 +: tangent to the entry pallet at the exit point, directed towards the OE exhaust axis;
• D3-: tangent to the entry pallet at the exit point, in the opposite direction to D3 +;
• D4 +: tangent to the wheel 20 at the exit point, directed in the direction of rotation of the wheel 20;
• D4-: tangent to the wheel 20 at the exit point, in the opposite direction to D4 +.

• une première zone Z1 de barrière magnétique, qui est présente dans tous les cas de figure, autour de la barrière magnétique 31, ou de chaque barrière magnétique 31 s'il y en a plusieurs ;
• une deuxième zone Z2 d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage, autour du patin magnétique 32, ou de chaque patin magnétique 32 s'il y en a plusieurs ;
• une zone où se produisent les impulsions, à proximité immédiate ou en superposition au moins partielle, avec la deuxième zone Z2 quand elle existe, et de la première zone Z1 de barrière magnétique, ou de chaque première zone Z1 ;
• une troisième zone Z3 qui est une zone de correction de l'isochronisme du résonateur 100.

The arrangement of this escape mechanism according to the invention defines one or more functional zones:

• a first magnetic barrier zone Z1, which is present in all cases, around the magnetic barrier 31, or of each magnetic barrier 31 if there are several;
• a second self-starting improvement zone Z2, around the magnetic pad 32, or each magnetic pad 32 if there are several;
• a zone where the pulses occur, in close proximity or in at least partial superposition, with the second zone Z2 when it exists, and of the first zone Z1 of the magnetic barrier, or of each first zone Z1;
• a third zone Z3 which is a zone for correcting the isochronism of the resonator 100.

• la première zone de barrière magnétique Z1 est un secteur annulaire, centré sur l'axe de rotation OR du résonateur 100, qui s'étend au-dessus et/ou au-dessous de la palette mécanique, sur toute la longueur de la palette mécanique sur laquelle les dents 22 de la roue 20 viennent s'appuyer durant l'arc libre, tel que visible sur la figure 19;
• la deuxième zone d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage Z2 est un secteur annulaire, centré sur l'axe de rotation OE de la roue 20, qui s'étend sensiblement dans les directions D2+ et D2-, et qui passe au-dessus et/ou au-dessous de l'extrémité de la palette mécanique de façon à recouvrir au moins le plan d'impulsion de la palette ;
• la troisième zone de correction de l'isochronisme Z3 est délimitée par la première zone de barrière magnétique Z1 et la deuxième zone d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage Z2, et elle s'étend dans les directions D2- et D1- de façon à recouvrir, au-dessus et/ou au-dessous, l'aimant 23 de la dent 22de la roue 20 qui se trouve en appui sur la palette durant l'arc libre.

Preferably, but not limited to, and as illustrated in the figures, for the entry pallet PE:

• the first magnetic barrier zone Z1 is an annular sector, centered on the axis of rotation OR of the resonator 100, which extends above and / or below the mechanical pallet, over the entire length of the mechanical pallet on which the teeth 22 of the wheel 20 come to rest during the free arc, as visible on the figure 19 ;
• the second self-starting improvement zone Z2 is an annular sector, centered on the axis of rotation OE of the wheel 20, which extends substantially in the directions D2 + and D2-, and which passes above and / or below the end of the mechanical pallet so as to cover at least the impulse plane of the pallet;
• the third isochronism correction zone Z3 is delimited by the first magnetic barrier zone Z1 and the second self-start improvement zone Z2, and it extends in the directions D2- and D1- so to cover, above and / or below, the magnet 23 of the tooth 22 of the wheel 20 which rests on the pallet during the free arc.

• la première zone de barrière magnétique Z1 est un secteur annulaire, centré sur l'axe de rotation OR du résonateur 100, qui s'étend au-dessus et/ou au-dessous de la palette mécanique, sur toute la longueur de la palette mécanique sur laquelle les dents 22 de la roue 20 viennent s'appuyer durant l'arc libre, tel que visible sur la figure 21;
• la deuxième zone d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage Z2 est un secteur annulaire, centré sur l'axe de rotation OE de la roue 20, qui s'étend sensiblement dans les directions D4+ et D4-, et qui passe au-dessus et/ou au-dessous de l'extrémité de la palette mécanique de façon à recouvrir au moins le plan d'impulsion de la palette ;
• la troisième zone de correction de l'isochronisme Z3 est délimitée par la première zone de barrière magnétique Z1 et la deuxième zone d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage Z2 et elle s'étend dans les directions D4- et D3- de façon à recouvrir, au-dessus et/ou au-dessous, l'aimant 23 de la dent 22 de la roue 20 qui se trouve en appui sur la palette durant l'arc libre.

Similarly, for the PS output pallet:

• the first magnetic barrier zone Z1 is an annular sector, centered on the axis of rotation OR of the resonator 100, which extends above and / or below the mechanical pallet, over the entire length of the mechanical pallet on which the teeth 22 of the wheel 20 come to rest during the free arc, as visible on the figure 21 ;
• the second self-starting improvement zone Z2 is an annular sector, centered on the axis of rotation OE of the wheel 20, which extends substantially in the directions D4 + and D4-, and which passes above and / or below the end of the mechanical pallet so as to cover at least the impulse plane of the pallet;
• the third isochronism correction zone Z3 is delimited by the first magnetic barrier zone Z1 and the second self-start improvement zone Z2 and it extends in the directions D4- and D3- so as to cover, above and / or below, the magnet 23 of the tooth 22 of the wheel 20 which rests on the pallet during the free arc.

The first magnetic barrier zone Z1 is essential, and its function is to push back the teeth 22 of the escape wheel 20, and thus makes it possible to eliminate the mechanical contact so that the free arc takes place without friction. This first magnetic barrier zone Z1 can be more or less intense but it must follow an arc of a circle centered on the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator 10. It is possible to increase the intensity of the barrier if one wishes to avoid the mechanical shock between the teeth of the escape wheel 20 and the mechanical pallets 16 of the PE and PS pallets. Or conversely, it is possible to reduce the intensity of the barrier, if it is desired to minimize the retreat of the escape wheel 20 after the impact. A mechanism comprising only this magnetic barrier 31 is an exhaust variant with a magnetic cylinder, which represents an improvement of the patent. EP2889704B1 by NIVAROX-FAR.

The magnetic pad 32 of the second self-starting improvement zone Z2 is optional. It is advantageously added to reduce the friction between the escape wheel 20 and the end of the mechanical pallet 16 of the PE or PS pallet at the time of starting thanks to the magnetic repulsion. This significantly improves auto-start. The length of the magnetic pad 32 as well as its shape is adjusted to optimize self-starting.

This magnetic pad 32 also has another effect. When the magnet of the escape wheel 20 passes close to the magnetic pad, there is magnetic repulsion, which transmits a pulse to the resonator 100 and significantly improves efficiency.

Preferably, the magnetic pad 32 comprises at least one magnet, and extends substantially perpendicularly to the distal end of the magnetic barrier 31 closest to the escape wheel 20, and on the entry side. in cooperation between a magnet 23 and the magnetic arrangement 30 of the concerned PE or PS pallet, forming with the magnetic barrier 31 an inverted capital L. This magnetic pad 32 is not necessarily straight, it can also be slightly curved.

In a variant not shown, it may include, at its distal end opposite to the magnetic barrier 31, a magnetic lug, on the side opposite to the escape wheel, and extending the zone where the pulses occur. More particularly, this magnetic lug is located at the distal end according to the direction D2- as regards the entry pallet PE, and at the distal end according to the direction D4- with regard to the output pallet PS. More particularly still, this magnetic lug extends in direction D1- as regards the entry pallet PE, and in direction D3- as regards the outlet pallet PS. In another variant not shown, the magnetic pad 32 extends in the direction D2 +, respectively D4 +.

Note that the second zone Z2 for improving the self-start is not necessarily identical to the zone where the pulses occur, which means that the pulse can be adjusted without affecting the self-start.

At the PE entry pallet, the figure 18 shows that the magnet 23 of the wheel 20 interacts twice with the magnetic pad 32: first of all, when the magnet 23 passes into the zone of the first pulse ZP, it pushes back this magnetic pad 32, and thus transmits a first pulse to the resonator 100; then, during the passage of the magnet 23 in the release zone and of the second pulse ZD, the magnetic pad 32 constitutes a sort of neck to pass, due to the repulsion, and this is the high speed of the magnet 23 on its trajectory T which allows it to easily cross this pass. Immediately after the passage of the neck, the wheel 20 starts to turn, and a second pulse is then transmitted to the resonator 100. At the level of the output paddle PS, in the position of the zone of the first pulse ZP of the figure 20 , the repulsion between the magnet 23 and the magnetic pad 32 supplies the first pulse to the resonator 100; the second impulse is transmitted after the passage of the neck in the clearance zone and second impulse ZD, in a similar way to what occurs on the entry pallet.

In an advantageous variant, the magnetic pad 32 is completed by a magnetic heel 33, which is substantially in its alignment, and on the opposite side with respect to the magnetic barrier, that is to say in the direction D2 + at the level of the entry pallet PE, and in the direction D4 + at the level of the exit pallet PS. This magnetic bead 33 allows the force of the axis to be separated, and tends to drive the magnet 23 out of the escape wheel 20 tangentially, and makes it possible to combat the frictional force, it allows the repulsion to last until the end of the pallet. This magnetic heel 33 is still useful at the level of the overall kinematics, because the magnetic heel 33 located on the output pallet PS allows the following arm 21 of the escape wheel 20 to be sufficiently engaged in cooperation with the magnetic arrangement 30. of the PE entry pallet, so as not to be subjected to the threshold to be overcome during its passage when entering this zone.

Advantageously, the total length of the magnetic shoe 32 and of the magnetic heel 33 which extends it is close to the half-pitch of the ends of the teeth 22 on the circle CE which is the envelope of the path of the escape wheel 20.

In a particular embodiment, the magnetic bead 33 is arranged by rays increasing from the axis of rotation OE of the wheel 20 away from said magnetic (32).

In a particular embodiment, the magnetic heel 33 is made in a staircase with decreasing steps, as can be seen on the figures 18 and 20 .

More particularly, the total curvilinear length of the magnetic shoe 32 is greater than that of the magnetic heel 33, in order to give a first impulse: at the entry, the whole of the shoe and of the heel extends more in the direction D2- than in the direction D2 +, and at the exit the whole of the shoe and the heel extends more in the direction D4- than in the direction D4 +.

The addition of such a magnetic pad 32 to the magnetic barrier 31 is advantageous for self-starting: if this magnetic pad does not exist, the escape wheel can, in certain configurations, come into mechanical abutment on the 'distal end of the mechanical pallet 16 of the PE or PS pallet, and the low torque available at the level of the escape wheel 20 does not make it possible to overcome the friction. The advantage of the magnetic pad 32 is therefore to reduce the frictional force at the end of the mechanical pallet 16 during start-up, which allows normal self-starting.

Numerical simulation shows that it is possible to further increase the efficiency by adding magnets in the vicinity of the second self-start improvement zone Z2 if this is necessary.

However, it is no longer useful to increase the efficiency when the nominal amplitude is reached. The quantity of magnet to be put in order to optimize the pulse therefore depends on the resonator 100 used and on its quality factor. If the quality factor is low, more magnets are added. If the quality factor is high, less is used.

As the free arc takes place without friction, except for the first shock, the shape of the mechanical pallet 16 can be optimized to minimize losses and also to promote self-starting. In particular, the end of the vanes (impulse planes) is optimized to promote starting, but the chosen angle no longer makes it possible to transmit the impulse in stationary operation. Moreover, it is not it is necessary for the mechanical vanes 16 of the vanes to be arcs of a circle centered on the axis of rotation of the resonator. If we observe the figures 18 to 21 it can be seen that in the mechanical contact zone ZC the mechanical pallet 16 of the pallet has been modified, according to a profile 301, to minimize the effect of the impact on the balance. This is to adjust the angle of this area so that the contact force support passes through the center of rotation. It is also possible to incline this contact zone, so that the shock transmits energy to the inertial mass 1, and consequently improves the efficiency. This profile 301 can be an inclined plane, or an evolving hollow profile as in the figures, and makes it possible to deflect the force exerted on the pallet downwards according to the representation of the figures, so that the resultant of the two forces which are this force , and the upward tangential frictional force on the vane passes through the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator 10. Likewise, the magnetic barrier 31 may have a similar variation in magnetization.

Also optionally but advantageously, small magnets (low interaction) are added in the third isochronism correction zone Z3, in order to adjust the anisochronism of the resonator 100 caused by the escape mechanism 100. L ' The objective is for this induced anisochronism to be compensated for by that of the resonator 100 so that the total oscillator 300 is perfectly isochronous. The quantity and position of these small magnets is adjusted iteratively until the desired effect is obtained. As a variant, it can also be a simple ferromagnetic surface, weakly cooperating with the magnets 23 of the teeth 22 of the escape wheel 20. This third zone Z3 extends, from the point of view of the teeth 22 of the wheel. exhaust 20, upstream of the first magnetic barrier zone; otherwise formulated, this third zone Z3 extends, with respect to the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator, beyond the magnetic barrier zone Z1, and, with respect to the axis of rotation OE of the wheel d exhaust 20, beyond the distal end of the vane; when the magnetic arrangement 30 comprises a magnetic pad 32 defining a second zone Z2, and an associated pulse zone, the third zone Z3 is located, with respect to the axis of rotation OE of the escape wheel 20, at the -beyond the second zone Z2.

In order to guarantee mechanical safety, the mechanical paddles 16 carried by the resonator 100 enter the teeth of the escape wheel 20 when the resonator 100 is in its rest position. The values of the penetrations p1 and p2 are represented on the figure 22 . In this figure we see the circle CE which is the envelope of the path of the escape wheel 20. The penetrations p1 and p2, measured from the radials coming from the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator 10, are necessary for safety reasons, because they prevent any rotation of the escape wheel 20 in complete unloading of the barrel. For example, a penetration value of 40 micrometers makes it possible to ensure this safety function, while absorbing errors or simply the effect of manufacturing tolerances on the center distance between the axis of oscillation OR of the resonator 10 and the 'exhaust wheel OE axle 20.

In view of the penetrations p1 and p2, during start-up, the torque applied to the escape wheel 20 must be sufficient to push the resonator 100 out of its rest position so that the teeth can pass. This can make self-starting difficult when the resonator is mounted on a flexible guide. Adding the magnetic pads 32 to the paddles greatly improves self-starting for two reasons. First of all, the magnetic repulsion has the effect of reducing the friction between the teeth and the end of the paddles. On the other hand, this repulsion shifts the rest position of the resonator to the appropriate side so that the tooth can pass. The result is that the oscillator is self-starting over the majority of the useful torque range.

The effect of the magnets of the third isochronism correction zone Z3 is to produce a small disturbance of the inertial mass 1, so as to adjust the anisochronism of the escapement, so that there is compensation with the anisochronism of the resonator 100. This anisochronism correction is not essential but may prove to be advantageous depending on the type of resonator used.

To achieve this ferromagnetic or weakly magnetized zone 34, instead of placing the magnet pixels in a regular manner as in the anisochronism corrector of the figures 1 to 22 , one can also imagine a variant in which there is placed in the third zone Z3 a very thin continuous layer of magnet, the thickness of which is adjusted, by laser, or the like.

Another variant is presented at figure 23 in which there are only two small growths 341 on the magnetic barrier 31, in the third zone Z3, which are sufficient to produce the disturbance necessary for the correction of anisochronism.

Yet another variant, in which the anisochronism corrector is arranged only on the entry pallet PE is shown in figure 24 . You can also put the anisochronism corrector only on the PS output palette.

In another variant, the anisochronism corrector can be placed only on the magnetic paddles of the upper flange 15, or then only on the magnetic paddles of the lower flange 17.

One can also imagine a variant in which the anisochronism is adjustable, by varying the distance between the magnets of the third upper zone Z3 and the magnets of the third lower zone Z3, which has the effect of varying the intensity of the magnetic field. seen by the magnets 23 of the escape wheel 20 when they are in the third zone Z3.

In a variant, the third zone Z3 contains a sacrificial excess of iron or of magnets, this sacrificial excess is intended to be, at least in part, selectively removed according to the result of a measurement of the anisochronism of the oscillator 300 complete, for the reestablishment of its isochronism.

More particularly, the magnetic arrangement 30 is made with a surplus of magnet pixels in the third zone Z3, the surplus magnets can then be removed by selective laser ablation after having carried out an anisochronism measurement.

In the variant comprising a ferromagnetic plate of variable thickness in the third zone Z3, the interaction takes place in attraction rather than repulsion.

• une première zone Z1 de barrière magnétique, et une deuxième zone Z2 d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage, avec seulement un patin magnétique 32;
• une première zone Z1 de barrière magnétique, une deuxième zone Z2 d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage, avec un patin magnétique 32, et un talon magnétique 33;
• une première zone Z1 de barrière magnétique et une troisième zone Z3 de correction de l'isochronisme ;
• une première zone Z1 de barrière magnétique, une deuxième zone Z2 d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage, et une troisième zone Z3 correction de l'isochronisme, avec seulement un patin magnétique 32,
• une première zone Z1 de barrière magnétique, une deuxième zone Z2 d'amélioration de l'auto-démarrage, et une troisième zone Z3 correction de l'isochronisme, avec un patin magnétique 32 et un talon magnétique 33.

The invention can therefore be implemented in different configurations, but always with a first magnetic barrier zone Z1, and in particular and without limitation:

• a first magnetic barrier zone Z1, and a second self-starting improvement zone Z2, with only one magnetic pad 32;
• a first magnetic barrier zone Z1, a second self-starting improvement zone Z2, with a magnetic pad 32, and a magnetic heel 33;
• a first magnetic barrier zone Z1 and a third isochronism correction zone Z3;
• a first magnetic barrier zone Z1, a second self-start improvement zone Z2, and a third isochronism correction zone Z3, with only one magnetic pad 32,
• a first magnetic barrier zone Z1, a second self-start improvement zone Z2, and a third isochronism correction zone Z3, with a magnetic pad 32 and a magnetic heel 33.

It is naturally possible to carry out a technical reversal of the invention as described above, which consists in putting point magnets on the pallets of the resonator 100, and in arranging more complicated magnetic structures on the escape wheel 20, in order to produce the same effects of magnetic barrier, magnetic pad, impulse and anisochronism corrector discussed above.

It should be noted that the versions presented above and illustrated, with point magnets on the escape wheel, have the advantage of minimizing the inertia of the escape wheel 20. This is important to guarantee the correct operation of the exhaust wheel. 'escapement when the oscillator 300 is subjected to external accelerations, which is frequent during the normal use of a watch, and to guarantee excellent resistance to wear.

The invention also relates to a timepiece movement 500 comprising at least one such oscillator 300.

The invention also relates to a watch 1000 comprising at least one such movement 500 and / or at least one such oscillator 300.

Claims (18)

1. Timepiece oscillator (300) including at least one resonator (100), with an inertial mass (1) returned by elastic return means (2) with respect to a fixed structure (3), said resonator (100) oscillating about an axis of oscillation (OR), said inertial mass (1) carrying an entry pallet (PE) and an exit pallet (PS), said oscillator (300) comprising an escapement mechanism (200) including an escape wheel (20) arranged to rotate about an axis of rotation (OE) and including end teeth (22), each arranged to cooperate with said entry pallet (PE) or with said exit pallet (PS) to maintain the oscillation of said resonator (100), said escapement mechanism (200) being magneto-mechanical and said escape wheel (20) including at least one magnet (23) at the end of each said tooth (22), said teeth (22) being arranged to act alternately with said entry and exit pallets (PE; PS), said entry pallet (PE) including a first magnetic arrangement (30), said exit pallet (PS) including a second magnetic arrangement (30), characterized in that said first magnetic arrangement (30) and said second magnetic arrangement (30) each include an annular sector, centred on said axis of oscillation (OR) of said resonator (100), and defining a first magnetic barrier area (Z1), which extends above and/or below said mechanical pallet-stone (16) of said entry pallet (PE) or of said exit pallet (PS), with reference to the direction of said axis of oscillation (OR), over the entire length of said mechanical pallet-stone able to act as support for said teeth (22) during the supplementary arc, in order to form a magnetic cylinder escapement mechanism.
2. Oscillator (300) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first magnetic arrangement (30) and/or said second magnetic arrangement (30) includes, for improving the self-starting function, on said entry pallet (PE) and/or on said exit pallet (PS), at least one magnetic pad (32) which includes at least one magnet, and which extends into a second self-starting improvement area (Z2), which is an annular sector, centred on said axis of rotation (OE) of said wheel (20), and which extends, as regards said entry pallet (PE), substantially in a tangent direction of entry (D2+, D2-) which is tangent to said wheel (20) and which passes above and/or below said mechanical pallet-stone (16) of said entry pallet (PE), and/or as regards said exit pallet (PS), substantially in an tangent direction of exit (D4+, D4-) which is tangent to said wheel (20) and which passes above and/or below said mechanical pallet-stone (16) of said exit pallet (PS), with reference to the direction of said axis of oscillation (OR), in order to cover at least one impulse face comprised in the end of said entry pallet (PE) and/or said exit pallet (PS).
3. Oscillator (300) according to claim 2, characterized in that said magnetic pad (32) is extended, from said magnetic barrier (31) and in the direction tangent to said wheel (20) and which goes in the direction of rotation of said wheel (20), by a magnetic tail portion (33), which is substantially in the alignment of said magnetic pad (32), and which is arranged to apply to a said magnet (23) of said wheel (20) a force that tends to drive it tangentially, and which is arranged to combat the friction force at the distal end of said pallet on the side of said escape wheel (20).
4. Oscillator (300) according to claim 3, characterized in that said magnetic tail portion (33) is arranged in increasing radii from said axis of rotation (OE) of said wheel (20) away from said magnetic pad (32).
5. Oscillator (300) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said magnetic tail portion (33) is made in a set of decreasing steps.
6. Oscillator (300) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the total curvilinear length of said magnetic pad (32) and of any magnetic tail portion (33) which extends said magnetic pad (32), is close to a half-pitch of the ends of said teeth (22) on a circle (CE) which defines the envelope of the trajectory of said teeth (22) of said escape wheel (20).
7. Oscillator (300) according to claim 3, characterized in that the length of said magnetic pad (32) is greater than that of said magnetic tail portion (33), in order to give a first impulse.
8. Oscillator (300) according to claim 3 or 7, characterized in that said magnetic pad (32) and said magnetic tail portion (33) are arranged to define a continuous magnetic field on the curvilinear arc on which they are arranged.
9. Oscillator (300) according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that said magnetic pad (32) includes, at its distal end opposite to said magnetic barrier (31), a magnetic lug on the side opposite to said escape wheel (20), and extending the second self-starting improvement area (Z2).
10. Oscillator (300) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said magnetic arrangement (30) includes a third isochronism correction area (Z3) which extends, from the point of view of said teeth (22) of said wheel (20), upstream of said first magnetic barrier area (Z1), and, with respect to said axis of rotation (OE) of said escape wheel (20), beyond the distal end of said pallet-stone (16), at the entry in a tangential direction of entry (D2-) opposite to the direction of rotation of said wheel (20) and in a radial direction of entry (D1-) away from the centre of rotation (OE) of said wheel (20), and at the exit in a tangential direction of exit (D4-) opposite to the direction of rotation of said wheel (20) and in a radial direction of exit (D3-) away from the centre of rotation (OE) of said wheel (20), in order to cover, above and/or below said mechanical pallet-stone (16) of said entry pallet (PE) or of said exit pallet (PS), with reference to the direction of said axis of oscillation (OR), a said magnet (23) of said wheel (20) which is resting on said pallet during the supplementary arc.
11. Oscillator (300) according to claim 10 and according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that said third area (Z3) is located, with respect to said axis of rotation (OE) of said escape wheel (20), beyond said second self-starting improvement area (Z2) which delimits, with said first magnetic barrier area (Z1), said third isochronism correction area (Z3).
12. Oscillator (300) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that said third area (Z3) is an area of weak magnetic attractive or repulsive interaction with a said magnet (23), of lower magnetic interaction than that of the other areas of magnetic interaction of said magnetic arrangement (30) of which it forms part.
13. Oscillator (300) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that said third area (Z3) contains iron or magnets which are in magnetic attractive or repulsive interaction with a said magnet (23) during the supplementary arc.
14. Oscillator (300) according to claim 13, characterized in that the mean quantity of iron or magnet per surface unit is constant in the direction tangent to said wheel (20), and varies in the direction tangent to said pallet, in order to exhibit a magnetic interaction with a said magnet, which is variable according to the angle of said inertial mass (1) with respect to its rest position.
15. Oscillator (300) according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that said third area (Z3) contains a sacrificial excess of iron or of magnets, arranged to be at least partly selectively removed according to the result of measurement of the anisochronism of said complete oscillator (300), in order to restore the isochronism of said oscillator (300).
16. Oscillator (300) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that said inertial mass (1) includes at least one balance.
17. Timepiece movement (500) including at least one oscillator (300) according to one of claims 1 to 16.
18. Watch (1000) including at least one movement (500) according to claim 17 and/or at least one oscillator (300) according to one of claims 1 to 15.

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