EP3619287A1 - Utilisation d'une amine grasse pour réduire et/ou contrôler la combustion anormale du gaz dans un moteur marin - Google Patents
Utilisation d'une amine grasse pour réduire et/ou contrôler la combustion anormale du gaz dans un moteur marinInfo
- Publication number
- EP3619287A1 EP3619287A1 EP18725769.6A EP18725769A EP3619287A1 EP 3619287 A1 EP3619287 A1 EP 3619287A1 EP 18725769 A EP18725769 A EP 18725769A EP 3619287 A1 EP3619287 A1 EP 3619287A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- carbon atoms
- fatty
- linear
- abnormal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/76—Reduction of noise, shudder, or vibrations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the reduction and / or control of the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine.
- the present invention relates to the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricating composition for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine.
- the present invention also relates to a method for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine in which the gas is in contact with one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricating composition.
- the present invention also relates to a lubricant composition and its use for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine.
- the combustion of the gas or, more precisely, the air / gas mixture in a marine engine is initiated by a controlled ignition coming either from a contact between an electric arc and the gas, or from a pilot injection of liquid fuel initiating a flame. of diffusion.
- the controlled ignition can be carried out directly in the combustion chamber of the marine engine or in a prechamber of combustion of the marine engine adjoining the combustion chamber thereof.
- Controlled combustion can also be called normal combustion.
- the air / gas mixture may self-ignite prematurely before the controlled ignition, in particular by self-ignition of the lubricant composition in the combustion chamber. This is called an uncontrolled pre-ignition phenomenon.
- This uncontrolled pre-ignition phenomenon results in abnormal combustion of the gas characterized by uncontrolled expansion of the flame front through the combustion chamber.
- the abnormal combustion of the gas can, among other things, be the result of the self-ignition of the lubricant composition during the gas compression cycle and / or the combustion of the gas during the operation of the marine engine.
- Lubricant compositions for a marine engine conventionally include detergents.
- the Applicant has surprisingly discovered that the presence of soluble fatty amines in a lubricant composition in a specific mass ratio relative to detergents makes it possible to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine.
- Fatty amines included in a lubricant composition are known as such in the applications WO 2009/153453 and WO 2014/180843 filed by the Applicant. The applicant has now discovered a new use of these fatty amines.
- the Applicant has found that the use of one or more soluble fatty amines in a specific mass ratio relative to detergents in a lubricant composition can reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine.
- Abnormal combustion means combustion of the gas in the combustion chamber initiated by an uncontrolled pre-ignition. Abnormal combustion results in uncontrolled expansion of the flame front through the combustion chamber. The abnormal combustion also results in a pressure level in the combustion chamber that is at least 10% higher, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30% higher than the nominal combustion pressure. gas in a marine engine.
- Ring pressure means the maximum pressure supported by the parts of an engine during a controlled combustion of the gas in the combustion chamber without risk of degradation of all or part of the internal parts of the engine, such as for example the cylinders, pistons, spark plugs and valves.
- gas is meant a mixed mixture of gas and air.
- the mixed mixture of gas and air is produced upstream of the combustion chamber or in the combustion chamber before the ignition of the marine engine.
- the step for obtaining the mixed mixture of gas and air is called the pre-mixing step.
- the terms "gas” and “mixed mixture of gas and air” have equivalent meanings and can be used as a replacement for one another.
- the engines according to the invention are in particular two-stroke engines or four-stroke engines in which the lubricant is not pre-mixed with the fuel before admission.
- a first subject of the invention relates to the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricating composition comprising at least one detergent for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine, the amine / detergent mass ratio. being between 0.01 and 1, preferably between 0.01 and 0.9, more preferably between 0.02 and 0.8, for example between 0.03 and 0.8, especially between 0.01 and 0.5. preferably between 0.01 and 0.4, for example between 0.02 and 0.4.
- the term "between xxx and yyy" means that the values xxx and yyy are within the range.
- the fatty amine is chosen from:
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising one or more carbon atom (s), and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen;
- Q is greater than or equal to 0, preferably q is greater than or equal to 1, more preferably is an integer between 1 and 10, still more preferably between 1 and 6, advantageously is chosen from 1, 2 or 3;
- R identical or different, represents a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms
- N and z independently of each other, represent 0, 1, 2 or 3
- said mixture comprising at least 3% by weight of branched compounds such that at least one of n or z is greater than or equal to 1, or of their derivatives, or
- the fatty amine is of formula (I):
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, and / or
- R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising between 1 and 22 carbon atoms, preferably between 14 and 22 carbon atoms, more preferably between 16 and 22 carbon atoms; or a group (R 6 -O) r -H in which R 6 is a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising at least 2 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and r represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably between 1 and 4, and / or
- R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms.
- the fatty amine is of formula (I) in which:
- Q is equal to 1, 2 or 3
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms,
- R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the fatty amine is of formula (I) in which:
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 16 to 18 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents an ethyl or propyl group
- R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom.
- the fatty amine is also of formula (I) in which:
- Q is equal to 1, 2 or 3
- R 1 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 2 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group (R 6 -O) r -H in which R 6 is a linear saturated alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and r representing an integer between 1 and 6, more preferably between 1 and 4,
- R 3 represents a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms.
- the fatty amine is also of formula (I) in which:
- R 1 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 2 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group (R 6 -O) r -H in which R 6 is a linear saturated alkyl group comprising between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and r representing an integer between 1 and 4,
- R 3 represents an ethyl or propyl group.
- the fatty amine is a mixture of polyalkylamines comprising one or more polyalkylamines of formulas (III) and / or (IV):
- R identical or different, represents a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms
- N and z independently of each other, represent 0, 1, 2 or 3
- said mixture comprising at least 3% by weight of branched compounds such that at least one of n or z is greater than or equal to 1, or of their derivatives.
- the fatty amine represents from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably 0.1 to 6%, for example 0.5 at 6%.
- the marine engine is a pure gas or dual fuel engine, two times or four times.
- the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricating composition makes it possible to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine resulting from the self-ignition of the lubricating composition.
- the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricating composition makes it possible to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of any type of gas, in particular gas having a number of low methane (NM), preferably a methane number of less than 80, more preferably less than 60.
- NM low methane
- the fatty amines according to the invention soluble in a lubricant composition make it possible to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine.
- the fatty amine is of formula (I):
- Ri represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising one or more carbon atom (s), and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen,
- Q is greater than or equal to 0, preferably q is greater than or equal to 1, more preferably is an integer between 1 and 10, even more preferably between 1 and 6, advantageously is chosen from 1, 2 or 3.
- fatty amine means an amine comprising one or more hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen.
- the fatty amine according to the invention may be an amine of formula (I).
- severe fatty amines according to the invention is meant a mixture of fatty amines of which at least one fatty amine is of formula (I).
- the fatty amine is of formula (I) in which:
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, and / or
- R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising between 1 and 22 carbon atoms, preferably between 14 and 22 carbon atoms, more preferably between 16 and 22 carbon atoms; or a group (R 6 -O) r -H in which R 6 is a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising at least 2 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and r represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably between 1 and 4, and / or
- R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms.
- the fatty amine is of formula (I) in which:
- Q is equal to 1, 2 or 3
- R 1 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms
- R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the fatty amine is of formula (I) in which:
- R 1 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 16 to 18 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents an ethyl or propyl group
- R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom.
- the fatty amine is of formula (I) in which:
- Q is equal to 1, 2 or 3
- R 1 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 2 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group (R 6 -O) r -H in which R 6 is a linear saturated alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and r representing an integer between 1 and 6, more preferably between 1 and 4,
- R 3 represents a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms.
- the fatty amine is of formula (I) in which
- R 1 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 2 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group (R 6 -O) r -H in which R 6 is a linear saturated alkyl group comprising between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and p representing an integer between 1 and 4,
- R 3 represents an ethyl or propyl group.
- the fatty amines according to the invention are mainly obtained from carboxylic acids. These acids are dehydrated in the presence of ammonia to give nitriles, and then undergo catalytic hydrogenation to lead in particular to fatty amines.
- the fatty amine of formula (I) is obtained from at least one carboxylic acid, preferably at least one fatty acid.
- the alkyl group of the fatty amine has a number of carbon atoms corresponding to the number of carbon atoms of the carbon chain of the carboxylic acid, preferably corresponding to the number of carbon atoms. carbon of the carbon chain of the fatty acid
- a same fatty amine of formula (I) may be substituted with several alkyl groups obtained from several identical or different carboxylic acids, preferably obtained from several identical or different fatty acids.
- the alkyl group is obtained from fatty acid chosen from caprylic, pelargonic, capric, undecylenic, lauric, tridecylenic, myristic, pentadecylic, palmitic, margaric, stearic and nonadecylic acids.
- arachic henicosanoic, behenic, tricosanoic, lignoceric, pentacosanoic, cerotic, heptacosanoic, montanic, nonacosanoic, melissic, hentriacontanoic, laceroic, and their derivatives or unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, -linolenic, c-linolenic, di-homo-c-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexanoic, and their derivatives.
- unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, -linolenic, c-linolenic,
- the fatty acids are derived from the hydrolysis of triglycerides present in vegetable and animal oils, such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soya oil, of cotton, flax, beef tallow.
- vegetable and animal oils such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soya oil, of cotton, flax, beef tallow.
- Natural oils may have been genetically modified to enrich their content of certain fatty acids, for example rapeseed oil or oleic sunflower oil.
- the fatty amine of formula (I) according to the invention is preferably obtained from natural, vegetable or animal resources. Treatments for producing fatty amines from natural oils can lead to mixtures of primary, secondary and tertiary polyamines.
- said fatty amines when several fatty amines are used to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine, said fatty amines form a mixture of fatty amines comprising in variable proportions, all or a part of the compounds corresponding to the following formulas (Ia), (Ib), (Ie) and (Id):
- Ri represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,
- R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising one or more carbon atom (s), and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen.
- the preferences and advantages for the definitions of the groups R 1, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 of the fatty amines of formulas (Ia), (Ib), (Ie) and (Id) are as defined herein. above for the fatty amine of formula (I) according to the invention.
- the mixture of fatty amines is in a purified form, that is to say comprising mainly a single type of amine of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ie) or ( Id), for example, predominantly monoamines of formula (Ia), diamines of formula (Ib), triamines of formula (Ia) or even predominantly tetramines of formula (Id).
- the mixture of fatty amines comprises predominantly tetramines of formula (Id).
- the mixture of fatty amines comprises mainly:
- the fatty amine mixture mainly comprises monoamines of formula (Ia) in which:
- R 1 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 4 and R 5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched, saturated alkyl group comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group.
- the fatty amine mixture mainly comprises diamines of formula (Ib) in which:
- Ri represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferentially from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R 2 represents a saturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group,
- R 3 represents an ethyl or propyl group
- R 4 and R 5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched, saturated alkyl group comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group.
- the mixture of fatty amines comprises mainly monoamines of formula RrNH 2 (Ma), diamines of formula R 1 - [(NR 2 ) -R 3 ] -NI-12 (Mb), triamines of formula R 1 - [(NR 2 ) -R 3 ] 2-NI-12 (Ile), or tetramines of formula R 1 - [(NR 2 ) -R 3 ] 3 -NH 2 (IId), in which:
- R 1 or R 2 represents at least one alkyl group, saturated or unsaturated, obtained from a fatty acid derived from tallow fat, or soybean oil, or coconut oil, or from sunflower oil (oleic),
- R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising at least 2 carbon atoms.
- R 1 or R 2 represents a saturated alkyl group
- said saturated alkyl is obtained from a saturated fatty acid or from a hydrogenated unsaturated fatty acid, in particular from the whole of these double bonds.
- the mixture of fatty amines comprising predominantly tetramines of formula R [(NR 2 ) -R 3 ] 3 -NH 2 (IId) is in the form:
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 14 to 16 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a linear saturated alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising at least 18 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a linear saturated alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- the mixture of fatty amines comprising predominantly tetramines of formula R 1 - [(NR 2 ) -R 3] 3 -NH 2 (IId) is in the form:
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 14 to 16 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a saturated, linear alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising at least 18 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a linear saturated alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl group comprising at least 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a saturated, linear alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- the mixture of fatty amines comprising predominantly tetramines of formula R 1 - [(NR 2 ) -R 3 ] 3 -NH 2 (IId) is also in the form:
- R1 represents a linear or branched unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a linear saturated alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one fatty amine of formula (IId) in which R1 represents a linear or branched saturated alkyl group comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a linear saturated alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the mixture of fatty amines comprising predominantly tetramines of formula R 1 - [(NR 2 ) -R 3] 3 -NH 2 (IId) is in the form:
- R1 represents a linear or branched unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a saturated, linear alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- R1 represents a linear or branched saturated alkyl group comprising from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a saturated, linear alkyl group comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- the fatty amine mixture does not include fatty amines other than fatty amines of formula (IId).
- said fatty amine when a single fatty amine is used to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine, said fatty amine corresponds to one of the following formulas:
- Ri represents a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group comprising at least 14 carbon atoms
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising at least 14 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a linear saturated hydrocarbon group comprising at least 2 carbon atoms.
- the fatty amine is preferably a tetramine of formula (IId) in which,
- Ri represents a linear or branched saturated alkyl group comprising between 14 and 18 carbon atoms
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising between 14 and 18 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents a saturated hydrocarbon group, linear, comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms.
- the fatty amine is advantageously a tetramine of formula (IId) in which,
- Ri represents a linear or branched saturated alkyl group comprising between 16 and 18 carbon atoms
- R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising between 16 and 18 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents an ethyl or propyl group.
- the polyalkylamine mixtures comprise at least 5% by weight of compounds having a pure linear structure, since these compounds have been found to have an acceptable viscosity profile, including an increase in the acceptable viscosity during the commissioning of the lubricant comprising this mixture of polyalkylamines of formulas (III) and / or (IV).
- the polyalkylamine mixtures comprise at least 4% by weight (% m / m), preferably at least 5% m / m, from preferably at least 6% w / w, preferably more than 7% w / w, preferably more than 7.5% w / w, preferably more than 10% w / w, preferably more than 20% w / w branched compounds of which at least one of n or z is greater than or equal to 1.
- n For the products of formula (III), this means that for the branched products, n must be greater than or equal to 1.
- the fatty amine is a mixture of polyalkylamines of formulas (III) and / or (IV)
- n, o, p or z is equal to 0
- the hydrogen atom present at the end of the chain is covalently bound to the corresponding secondary nitrogen atom.
- the fatty amine is a mixture of polyalkylamines of formulas (III) and / or (IV)
- the mixture comprises compounds of formulas (III) and / or (IV) in which n, o, p and z when they are different from 0, are equal to 1 or 2, preferably when n, o, p and z are different from 0 they are equal to 1.
- the mixture essentially comprises compounds of formulas (III) and / or (IV) for which n, o, p or z are independently 0, 1 or 2, preferably n, o, p or z are independently 0 or 1.
- the fatty amine when the fatty amine is a mixture of polyalkylamines of formulas (III) and / or (IV), the mixture essentially comprises compounds of formulas (III) and / or (IV) and their derivatives for wherein n, o, p and z are independently 0, 1 or 2, preferably n, o, p and z are independently 0 or 1.
- each R group is, independently of one another, a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the fatty amines of formula (III) and (IV) according to the invention are mainly obtained from carboxylic acids. These acids are dehydrated in the presence of ammonia to give nitriles, and then undergo catalytic hydrogenation to lead in particular to fatty amines.
- the fatty amines of formula (III) and (IV) are obtained from at least one carboxylic acid, preferably at least one fatty acid.
- the alkyl group of the fatty amines of formula (III) and (IV) has a number of carbon atoms corresponding to the number of carbon atoms of the carbon chain of the carboxylic acid, preferably corresponding to the number of carbon atoms of the carbon chain of the fatty acid
- the alkyl group R is obtained from fatty acid chosen from caprylic acids. , pelargonic, capric, undecylenic, lauric, tridecylenic, myristic, pentadecylic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, nonadecylic, arachic, henicosanoic, behenic, tricosanoic, lignoceric, pentacosanoic, cerotic, heptacosanoic, montanic, nonacosanoic, melissic, hentriacontanoic, laceroic, and their derivatives or unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -l
- the fatty acids are derived from the hydrolysis of triglycerides present in vegetable and animal oils, such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soya oil, of cotton, flax, beef tallow.
- vegetable and animal oils such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soya oil, of cotton, flax, beef tallow.
- Natural oils may have been genetically modified to enrich their content of certain fatty acids, for example rapeseed oil or oleic sunflower oil.
- the di-alkyl fatty polyalkylamine derivative compositions of formulas (III) and / or (IV) according to the invention comprise compounds for which one or more NH fragments of the fatty polyalkylamine of the invention are methylated, alkoxylated, or both. Such compounds have been found to have advantageous solubility, particularly in lubricating oils.
- the alkoxylated derivatives are butoxylated, propoxylated and / or ethoxylated. If two or more alkoxylating agents are used, they may be used in any order, for example EO-PO-EO, and the different aikoxy units may be polyhedral in nature and / or randomly present.
- a primary -NH 2 group is alkoxylated with one or more alkylene oxides in a conventional manner to form a -NH-AO-H group, where AO represents one or more alkylene-oxy units.
- the -NH-AO-H group obtained can be further alkoxylated to form -N (AO-H) 2 units .
- alkylene oxide ie, more than 8 moles of alkylene oxides per mole of polyalkylamine
- the secondary amines if present, are alkoxylated.
- all the primary and secondary amine functions of the di-alkyl polyamine of formulas (III) and / or (IV) are alkoxylated.
- the di-alkyl fatty polyalkylamines are derived by methylation of one or more NH functions in a manner known to those skilled in the art, for example by reaction with formic acid and formaldehyde.
- one or more OH functions of the alkoxylated fatty di-alkyl polyalkylamines are conventionally methylated.
- polyalkylamine mixtures of formula (IV) are preferred. If appropriate, polyalkylamine mixtures of formulas (III) and / or (IV) are used.
- the branched polyalkylamines of the invention may be produced by any synthetic route known to those skilled in the art.
- a conventional method of production can be from a diamine and involves two or more cycles, preferably two for economic reasons, each cycle having a cyanoethylation step and a hydrogenation step. This process is subsequently named a two-step process.
- one equivalent of di-alkyl diamine can react in one step with two or more equivalents of acrylonitrile, followed by hydrogenation. In this case, cycles Additional optional steps involving cyanoethylation and hydrogenation steps may be considered. Such a one-step process may be advantageous since it requires fewer intermediate steps.
- an acid catalyst is used such as HCl or acetic acid.
- increasing the reaction temperature during cyanoethylation also makes it possible to increase the branching in this process.
- the temperature of a subsequent cyanoethylation step is greater than the temperature of a preceding cyanoethylation step, making it possible to obtain a compound with the desired branching.
- more than one mole of acrylonitrile per mole of initial polyamine is used, which also makes it possible to increase the branching of the expected product to the desired level.
- a solvent is used.
- Preferred solvents include C 1-4 alcohols and C 2-4 diols.
- ethanol is used because it allows a particular ease of handling.
- the C 1-4 alcohols and diols C 2 -4 are not of single solvents but also have a co-catalytic activity in the cyanoethylation step.
- the amount of solvent employed may vary over a wide range. For economic reasons, the amount employed is preferably minimal.
- the amount of solvent, particularly in the cyanoethylation step is preferably less than 50, 40, 30 or 25% by weight, based on the liquid reaction mixture.
- the amount of solvent, in particular in the cyanoethylation step is preferably greater than 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 or 10% by weight relative to the liquid reaction mixture.
- the detergents commonly used in the formulation of lubricating compositions are typically anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
- the associated cation is typically a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
- the detergents are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates and naphthenates, as well as the salts of phenates.
- the alkaline and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
- metal salts may contain the metal in an approximately stoichiometric amount.
- neutral detergents typically have a BN, measured according to ASTM D2896, less than 150 mg KOH / g, or less than 100, or even less than 80 mg KOH / g.
- neutral detergents can contribute in part to the BN lubricants according to the present invention.
- neutral detergents of carboxylates, sulphonates, salicylates, phenates, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal naphthenates, for example calcium, sodium, magnesium or barium will be used.
- BN is high, greater than 150 mg KOH / g, typically between 200 and 700 mg KOH / g, generally between 250 and 450 mg KOH / g.
- the excess metal providing the overbased detergent character is in the form of oil insoluble metal salts, for example carbonate, hydroxide, oxalate, acetate, glutamate, preferably carbonate.
- the metals of these insoluble salts may be the same as those of the oil-soluble detergents or may be different. They are preferably selected from calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
- the overbased detergents are thus in the form of micelles composed of insoluble metal salts maintained in suspension in the lubricating composition by the detergents in the form of oil-soluble metal salts.
- These micelles may contain one or more types of insoluble metal salts, stabilized by one or more detergent types.
- Overbased detergents with a single type of detergent soluble metal salt will generally be named after the nature of the hydrophobic chain of the latter detergent.
- the overbased detergents will be said to be of mixed type if the micelles comprise several types of detergents, different from each other by the nature of their hydrophobic chain.
- the oil-soluble metal salts will preferably be carboxylates, phenates, sulphonates, salicylates, and mixed detergents phenate-sulphonate and / or calcium salicylates, magnesium, sodium or barium.
- the insoluble metal salts providing the overbased character are alkali and alkaline earth metal carbonates, preferentially calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate.
- the overbased detergents used in the lubricating compositions according to the present invention will preferably be carboxylates, phenates, sulphonates, salicylates and mixed detergents phenates-sulphonates-salicylates, overbased with calcium carbonate or with magnesium carbonate.
- the lubricating composition comprises from 4 to 30% by weight of detergents relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably from 5 to 25%, for example from 6 to 25%.
- the fatty amine or the mixture of fatty amines according to the invention for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine is present in a lubricating composition.
- Said lubricant composition comprises:
- At least one base oil preferably a lubricating base oil for a marine engine
- At least one detergent based on alkaline or alkaline earth metals, overbased with carbonate metal salts at least one detergent based on alkaline or alkaline earth metals, overbased with carbonate metal salts.
- the lubricant composition according to the invention comprises:
- At least one base oil preferably a lubricating base oil for a marine engine
- the mass ratio amine / detergent is between 0.01 and 1, preferably between 0.01 and 0.9, more preferably between 0.02 and 0.8, for example between 0.03 and 0.8.
- the lubricating composition has a BN determined according to ASTM D-2896 less than or equal to 70 milligrams of potash per gram of lubricant, more preferably less than or equal to 60 milligrams.
- the lubricating composition has a BN determined according to the ASTM D-2896 standard of between 5 and 70 milligrams of potash per gram of lubricant, preferably between 10 and 60 milligrams of potash per gram of lubricant.
- the mass percentage of fatty amine relative to the total weight of the cylinder lubricant is chosen so that the BN supplied by this fatty amine represents a contribution of 1 to 20 milligrams of potash per gram. gram of lubricant relative to the total BN of said cylinder lubricant.
- the part of BN provided by a fatty amine in the lubricant cylinder according to the invention is calculated from its intrinsic BN measured according to the ASTM D standard. -2896 and its mass percentage in the finished lubricant:
- Amino BN lub x. BN amine / 100
- Amine BN lub contribution of amine to BN of the finished lubricant
- Amino BN intrinsic BN of the amine alone (ASTM D-2896).
- the fatty amine represents from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably from 0.1 to 6%, for example from 0, 5-6%.
- the lubricating composition further comprises at least one neutral detergent, especially as defined above.
- the lubricating composition comprises from 4 to 30% by weight of detergents relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably from 5 to 25%, for example from 6 to 25%.
- the base oil included in the lubricating composition is selected from oils of mineral, synthetic or vegetable origin and mixtures thereof.
- the mineral or synthetic oils generally used in the application belong to one of the classes defined in the API classification as summarized in the table below.
- the Group 1 mineral oils can be obtained by distillation of selected naphthenic or paraffinic crudes and then purification of these distillates by processes such as solvent extraction, solvent or catalytic dewaxing, hydrotreating or hydrogenation.
- the oils of Groups 2 and 3 are obtained by more severe purification methods, for example a combination among hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydrogenation and catalytic dewaxing.
- Group 4 and 5 synthetic bases include poly-alpha olefins, polybutenes, polyisobutenes, alkylbenzenes.
- base oils can be used alone or as a mixture.
- a mineral oil can be combined with a synthetic oil.
- Cylinder oils for 2-stroke marine diesel engines have a SAE-40 viscometric grade of SAE-60, generally SAE-50 equivalent to a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of between 16.3 and 21.9 mm 2 / s.
- Grade 40 oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of between 12.5 and 16.3 mm 2 / s.
- Grade 50 oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of between 16.3 and 21.9 mm 2 / s.
- Grade 60 oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of between 21, 9 and 26.1 V.
- cylinder oils for marine 2-stroke diesel engines can be formulated to have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of between 18 and 21.5, preferably between 19 and 21.5 mm 2 / s.
- This viscosity can be obtained by mixing additives and base oils, for example containing Group 1 mineral bases such as Neutral Solvent (for example 500NS or 600 NS) and Brightstock bases and / or Group 2 mineral bases. Any other combination of mineral, synthetic or vegetable bases having, in admixture with the additives, a viscosity compatible with the grade SAE-50 may be used.
- Group 1 mineral bases such as Neutral Solvent (for example 500NS or 600 NS) and Brightstock bases and / or Group 2 mineral bases.
- a conventional cylinder lubricant formulation for slow 2-cycle marine diesel engines is SAE 40 to SAE 60, preferably SAE 50 (SA37 J300) and comprises at least 50% by weight of one or more lubricating base of mineral and / or synthetic origin, suitable for use in a marine engine, for example, API Group 1 and / or Group 2, that is to say obtained by distillation of selected crudes then purification of these distillates by methods such as solvent extraction, solvent or catalytic dewaxing, hydrotreatment or hydrogenation.
- SAE 40 to SAE 60 preferably SAE 50 (SA37 J300) and comprises at least 50% by weight of one or more lubricating base of mineral and / or synthetic origin, suitable for use in a marine engine, for example, API Group 1 and / or Group 2, that is to say obtained by distillation of selected crudes then purification of these distillates by methods such as solvent extraction, solvent or catalytic dewaxing, hydrotreatment or hydrogenation.
- SAE 40 to SAE 60 preferably SAE 50 (SA37 J300
- the lubricant composition may further comprise one or more thickening additives whose role is to increase the viscosity of the composition, hot or cold, or by improving additives of index viscosity (VI).
- thickening additives whose role is to increase the viscosity of the composition, hot or cold, or by improving additives of index viscosity (VI).
- these additives are most often polymers of low molecular weight, of the order of 2000 to 50 000 dalton (Mn).
- the base oil (s) included in the lubricating composition according to the invention may be partially or totally substituted by these additives.
- the polymers used to partially or totally substitute one or more of the base oils are preferably the aforementioned thickeners of the PIB type (for example marketed under the name Indopol H2100).
- the lubricating composition may further comprise at least one antiwear additive.
- the anti-wear additive is zinc di thiophosphate or DTPZn.
- This category also contains various phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine and boron compounds.
- anti-wear additives there is a wide variety of anti-wear additives, but the most used category is that of phospho-sulfur-containing additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or DTPZn.
- phospho-sulfur-containing additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or DTPZn.
- Amine phosphates, polysulfides, especially sulfur-containing olefins, are also commonly used antiwear additives.
- Lubricating compositions containing nitrogenous and sulfur-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additives such as, for example, metal dithiocarbamates, in particular molybdenum dithiocarbamate, are also usually encountered in lubricating compositions.
- Glycerol esters are also anti-wear additives. Mention may be made, for example, of mono, di and trioleates, monopalmitates and monomyristates.
- the lubricating composition may further comprise at least one dispersant.
- Dispersants are well known additives used in the formulation of lubricating composition, especially for application in the marine field. Their primary role is to maintain in suspension the particles present initially or appearing in the lubricant composition during its use in the engine. They prevent their agglomeration by playing on steric hindrance. They can also have a synergistic effect on the neutralization.
- the dispersants used as lubricant additives typically contain a polar group, associated with a relatively long hydrocarbon chain, generally containing from 50 to 400 carbon atoms.
- the polar group typically contains at least one nitrogen, oxygen or phosphorus element.
- the compounds derived from succinic acid are dispersants particularly used as lubrication additives. Especially succinimides, obtained by condensation of succinic anhydrides and amines, succinic esters obtained by condensation of succinic anhydrides and alcohols or polyols.
- These compounds can then be treated with various compounds including sulfur, oxygen, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids and compounds containing boron or zinc to produce, for example, borated succinimides or zinc-blocked succinimides.
- Mannich bases obtained by polycondensation of phenols substituted with alkyl groups, formaldehyde and primary or secondary amines, are also compounds used as dispersants in lubricants.
- the lubricating composition may furthermore comprise all types of functional additives adapted to their use, for example anti-foam additives to counteract the effect of detergents, which may be, for example, polar polymers such as polymethylsiloxanes, polyacrylates, anti-oxidant and / or anti-rust additives, for example metal organo-detergents or thiadiazoles. These are known to those skilled in the art.
- compositions of the lubricants described refer to the compounds taken separately before mixing, it being understood that said compounds may or may not retain the same chemical form before and after mixing.
- the lubricants according to the present invention obtained by mixing the compounds taken separately are not in the form of emulsion or microemulsion.
- fatty amines according to the invention soluble in a lubricating composition, in a specific mass ratio relative to the detergent of the lubricating composition, makes it possible to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine .
- the marine engine is a pure gas engine or dual fuel, two times or four times.
- the use of one or more fatty amines according to the invention, in a specific mass ratio by relative to the detergent of the lubricating composition makes it possible to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine resulting from the auto-ignition of the lubricating composition.
- the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricating composition, in a specific mass ratio relative to the detergent of the lubricating composition makes it possible to reduce and / or control combustion abnormal of any type of gas, especially gas having a low methane number (NM), preferably a methane number of less than 80, more preferably less than 60.
- NM methane number
- a second subject of the invention covers a method for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine in which the gas is in contact with one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricating composition comprising at least one detergent , the mass ratio amine / detergent being between 0.01 and 1, preferably between 0.01 and 0.9, more preferably between 0.02 and 0.8, for example between 0.03 and 0.8.
- the fatty amine, the detergent and the lubricating composition are as defined above.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the lubricant composition according to the invention for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine, preferably pure gas or dual fuel, two times or four times.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the lubricant composition according to the invention for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine resulting from the self-ignition of the lubricating composition.
- the use according to the invention relates to any type of gas, in particular the gas having a low number of methane (NM), preferably a methane number of less than 80, more preferably less than 60.
- NM methane
- the present invention also relates to a method for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricant composition according to the invention.
- the marine engine is pure gas or dual fuel type, two times or four times.
- the present invention also relates to a method for reducing and / or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine resulting from the self-ignition of the lubricating composition comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricant composition according to the invention.
- the processes according to the invention concern any type of gas, in particular the gas having a low number of methane (NM), preferably a methane number of less than 80, more preferably less than 60.
- NM methane
- the test carried out for measuring the frequency of pre-ignitions of the gas mixture in contact with a lubricating composition was carried out in a single-cylinder gas engine comprising a combustion chamber with a bore of 108 mm and a stroke of 1 mm respectively. with a compression ratio of 1 1 .4, corresponding to a displacement of the mono-cylinder of 1054 cm 3 .
- the speed of rotation of the single-cylinder gas engine is 1000 rpm.
- the operating point selected is equivalent to a mean indicated pressure of 23 bar, corresponding to a representative application of high engine load.
- the single-cylinder gas engine features a spark plug ignition system with "open chamber” technology so that the ignition control can be accurately repeated at each engine combustion cycle.
- the gas mono-cylinder engine also has a cylinder pressure sensor to measure the evolution of the pressure in the cylinder, determine the maximum cylinder pressure values at each engine cycle and calculate the energy release produced during the combustion cycle.
- a mixture consisting of gases having a methane number equivalent to 70% and of air comprising nitrogen and oxygen with an amount of ratio of excess air (air / gas) of 1, 6 with respect to the stoichiometric ratio used for gas combustion.
- the air / gas mixture is heated to a temperature of approximately 55 ° C. and then gradually increased, in particular to a maximum temperature of 110 ° C., and admitted compressed to 3.6 bar in the single-cylinder gas engine.
- Figure 1 shows the percentage of pre-ignition by the lubricant as a function of the inlet temperature.
- Figure 2 shows the frequency of the abnormal combustion as a function of the inlet temperature.
- Figure 3 shows the self-ignition delay as a function of the top dead center temperature.
- Example 1 Experimental protocol for measuring the frequency of pre-ignition initions by the lubricant before ignition control of the single-cylinder gas engine and the abnormal combustion frequency generated by the pre-ignition of the lubricant
- the single-cylinder gas engine is measured with the frequency of the pre-ignition initions due to the lubricant before the main ignition control of the engine as well as the frequency of pre-ignition by the lubricant generating a cylinder pressure rise corresponding to an abnormal combustion.
- the heat release law is measured for each combustion cycle.
- the ignition control is repeatedly fixed at -4 ° crankshaft angle before the top dead center.
- each energy release rise starting before -6 ° crankshaft angle is counted as an abnormal pre-ignition generated by the lubricant prior to the main ignition control of the engine.
- the test is started at an inlet temperature of the pre-air-gas mixture set at about 55 ° C. Throughout the test, the temperature is gradually increased until the pre-ignition event is observed. All of these abnormal events reported to all 15,000 combustion events recorded during the 30 minutes of each test give the abnormal pre-ignition frequency generated by the lubricant prior to the main engine ignition control.
- the maximum pressure reached in the cylinder is measured for each cycle.
- the test is started at an intake temperature of the pre-air-gas mixture set at about 55 ° C. Throughout the test, the temperature is gradually increased until the pre-ignition event is observed.
- the operating point of the single-cylinder gas engine is fixed, and generates a maximum normal cylinder pressure of 80 bar. In case of abnormal combustion, it is considered that the maximum cylinder pressure of the combustion chamber must exceed the limit of 120 bar for the cycle to be counted as an abnormal pre-ignition generated by the lubricant. All of these abnormal events reported for all 15,000 combustion events recorded during the 30 minutes of each test give the abnormal pre-ignition frequency generated by the lubricant.
- This test makes it possible to highlight, among other things, the effect of the lubricant on the resistance to the pre-ignition phenomenon of the air / gas mixture due to the self-ignition of the lubricant before the normal ignition control and the effect lubricant on the intensity of peak cylinder pressure peaks in case of abnormal combustion, representing the energy released by the abnormal combustion.
- the lubricant compositions according to Table 1 were tested.
- the fatty amine used in these compositions are the following:
- the frequency of pre-ignition initions due to the lubricant is measured as a function of the inlet temperature of the air-gas premix. It is observed that the frequency decreases for the compositions according to the invention, that is to say that the frequency of pre-ignition initions, also called abnormal combustion, starts at a higher temperature, unlike the comparative composition.
- the pre-ignition frequency is measured by the lubricant generating a cylinder pressure rise corresponding to an abnormal combustion as a function of the intake temperature of the air-gas premix. It is observed that this frequency decreases for the compositions according to the invention, that is to say that the frequency of pre-ignition by the lubricant generating a rise of Cylinder pressure corresponding to abnormal combustion starts at higher temperature contrary to the comparative composition.
- compositions according to the invention make it possible at the same time to limit the occurrence of abnormal combustion phenomena and at the same time to limit their intensity, contrary to the comparative composition. .
- a lubricating base oil comprising a mixture of mineral oils of group I and / or II, in particular Brightstock type oils,
- fatty amine 1 mixture of amines (III) and (IV),
- composition 4 according to the invention and two control lubricant compositions 5 and 6 are described in Table 2; the percentages given correspond to mass percentages.
- the test for measuring the ignition delay of the combustion of the gas when the latter is in contact with a lubricating composition has been carried out in a fast compression machine (RCM) comprising a combustion chamber with a bore of 80.4 respectively. mm and a stroke of 95 mm.
- the speed of displacement of the RCM piston corresponds to a motor rotation of 600 rpm.
- the RCM also includes a cylinder head device with a quartz insert to visualize the combustion of gas within the combustion chamber by means of a fast acquisition camera (30,000 fps).
- a mixture consisting of gases having a methane number equivalent to 70% and air comprising nitrogen and water is prepared.
- oxygen with a ratio of excess air (air / gas) of 1.5 compared to the stoichiometric ratio used for the combustion of the gas.
- 0.1 mg of a lubricating composition in the RCM is injected under pressure of 19 MPa by means of a piezoelectric injector.
- the air / gas mixture is preheated to a temperature between 60 and 80 ° C and injected under a pressure ranging from 100 kPa to 270 kPa in the cylinder and then compressed with a compression ratio ⁇ varying from 7.4 at 1 1 .5.
- FIG. 3 shows that the self-ignition pre-ignition delay of the lubricant composition according to the invention (lubricant composition 4) is longer compared to the self-ignition preignition time of the control lubricating compositions ( lubricant compositions 5 and 6). Since the autoignition pre-ignition delay of the lubricant composition 4 is optimized with respect to the control lubricating compositions 5 and 6, it is therefore observed that the abnormal combustion phenomenon is less important in the presence of the lubricating composition 4 comprising one or more fatty amines according to the invention with respect to the lubricant compositions 5 and 6 controls.
- the lubricant composition according to the invention makes it possible to reduce and / or control the abnormal combustion of the gas in a marine engine.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1753919A FR3065964B1 (fr) | 2017-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | Utilisation d'une amine grasse pour reduire et/ou controler la combustion anormale du gaz dans un moteur marin |
| PCT/EP2018/061279 WO2018202743A1 (fr) | 2017-05-04 | 2018-05-03 | Utilisation d'une amine grasse pour réduire et/ou contrôler la combustion anormale du gaz dans un moteur marin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3619287A1 true EP3619287A1 (fr) | 2020-03-11 |
| EP3619287B1 EP3619287B1 (fr) | 2024-07-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18725769.6A Active EP3619287B1 (fr) | 2017-05-04 | 2018-05-03 | Utilisation d'une amine grasse pour réduire et/ou contrôler la combustion anormale du gaz dans un moteur marin |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11085005B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3619287B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN110573597B (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK3619287T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2983527T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3065964B1 (fr) |
| SG (1) | SG11201909503XA (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018202743A1 (fr) |
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| FR3095209B1 (fr) * | 2019-04-18 | 2021-10-22 | Total Marketing Services | Procede de reduction et/ou controle de la combustion anormale du gaz dans un moteur marin ou un moteur a allumage commande |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB973679A (en) * | 1961-08-04 | 1964-10-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | High performance lubricant for 2-stroke engines |
| US3544466A (en) | 1968-05-16 | 1970-12-01 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Two-cycle lubricating oil compositions |
| JP2007169570A (ja) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-07-05 | Chevron Japan Ltd | 潤滑油組成物 |
| FR2932813B1 (fr) | 2008-06-18 | 2010-09-03 | Total France | Lubrifiant cylindre pour moteur marin deux temps |
| FR2974111B1 (fr) * | 2011-04-14 | 2013-05-10 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Lubrifiant cylindre pour moteur marin deux temps |
| CN103215109B (zh) * | 2012-01-20 | 2016-09-28 | 3M创新有限公司 | 发动机机油添加剂 |
| EP2842935B1 (fr) * | 2012-04-26 | 2019-06-12 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Base de mannich, son procédé de préparation et son application |
| US20140165942A1 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Engine-lubricant octane boost to quiet sporadic pre-ignition |
| FR3005474B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-07 | 2016-09-09 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Lubrifiant pour moteur marin |
| MX2016003613A (es) * | 2013-09-19 | 2016-07-21 | Lubrizol Corp | Composiciones lubricantes para motores de inyeccion directa. |
| EP4438702A3 (fr) * | 2013-09-19 | 2024-11-20 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Compositions lubrifiantes pour moteurs à injection directe |
| DK3060638T3 (da) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-11-06 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv | Fedtaminsalte som friktionsmodifikatorer til smøremidler |
| CN105722964A (zh) * | 2013-11-25 | 2016-06-29 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 火花点火式内燃机用润滑油组合物 |
| US20150322369A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition |
| US20150322367A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition |
| FR3027607B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-27 | 2018-01-05 | Total Marketing Services | Lubrifiant pour moteur marin |
| FR3039835B1 (fr) | 2015-08-03 | 2019-07-05 | Total Marketing Services | Utilisation d'une amine grasse pour prevenir et/ou reduire les pertes metalliques des pieces dans un moteur |
| FR3043691A1 (fr) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-19 | Total Marketing Services | Compositions lubrifiantes pour prevenir ou diminuer la combustion anormale dans un moteur de vehicule automobile |
-
2017
- 2017-05-04 FR FR1753919A patent/FR3065964B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-05-03 DK DK18725769.6T patent/DK3619287T3/da active
- 2018-05-03 US US16/610,263 patent/US11085005B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2018-05-03 CN CN201880028525.2A patent/CN110573597B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-03 EP EP18725769.6A patent/EP3619287B1/fr active Active
- 2018-05-03 WO PCT/EP2018/061279 patent/WO2018202743A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-05-03 SG SG11201909503X patent/SG11201909503XA/en unknown
- 2018-05-03 ES ES18725769T patent/ES2983527T3/es active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SG11201909503XA (en) | 2019-11-28 |
| FR3065964B1 (fr) | 2020-03-13 |
| WO2018202743A1 (fr) | 2018-11-08 |
| US20210102137A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
| CN110573597A (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
| FR3065964A1 (fr) | 2018-11-09 |
| US11085005B2 (en) | 2021-08-10 |
| EP3619287B1 (fr) | 2024-07-03 |
| ES2983527T3 (es) | 2024-10-23 |
| CN110573597B (zh) | 2022-05-17 |
| DK3619287T3 (da) | 2024-08-26 |
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