EP3614047A1 - Combustion device for outdoor use - Google Patents
Combustion device for outdoor use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3614047A1 EP3614047A1 EP19192424.0A EP19192424A EP3614047A1 EP 3614047 A1 EP3614047 A1 EP 3614047A1 EP 19192424 A EP19192424 A EP 19192424A EP 3614047 A1 EP3614047 A1 EP 3614047A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- burner unit
- interchangeable
- burner
- firing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009781 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009125 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 firewood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B3/00—Combustion apparatus which is portable or removable with respect to the boiler or other apparatus which is heated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C1/00—Stoves or ranges in which the fuel or energy supply is not restricted to solid fuel or to a type covered by a single one of the following groups F24C3/00 - F24C9/00; Stoves or ranges in which the type of fuel or energy supply is not specified
- F24C1/08—Stoves or ranges in which the fuel or energy supply is not restricted to solid fuel or to a type covered by a single one of the following groups F24C3/00 - F24C9/00; Stoves or ranges in which the type of fuel or energy supply is not specified solely adapted for radiation heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B20/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for portability or transportability
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
- F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/02—Closed stoves
- F24B1/022—Closed stoves easily collapsible or easily removable
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/181—Free-standing fireplaces, e.g. for mobile homes ; Fireplaces convertible into stoves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/182—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with additional provisions for cooking
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/183—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with additional provisions for heating water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
- F24B1/195—Fireboxes; Frames; Hoods; Heat reflectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
- F24B1/197—Hearths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/24—Radiant bodies or panels for radiation heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/34—Elements and arrangements for heat storage or insulation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a firing device for outdoor use, in particular a patio heater, with a stable housing and at least one combustion chamber for burning biomass, in particular wood pellets, the combustion chamber being designed as an interchangeable burner unit, and the housing having a first receiving space for the interchangeable burner unit, which is designed to interchangeably accommodate the changeable burner unit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a change system for the combustion chamber in this firing device.
- Patio heaters of known design are mainly operated with flammable gases from pressure bottles. If the gases are of fossil origin, there is the disadvantage of a negative CO 2 balance.
- a patio heater which has a firing point which is designed as a combustion chamber which can be filled with wood pellets and has a cross-sectional area which is constant in the vertical direction.
- a hot gas guide device and a reflector body are arranged above the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber has, in an upper region near the reflector body, a flame tube with a diameter which is reduced in comparison with the combustion chamber and the hot gas guide device, in order to guide the hot air generated in the combustion chamber in a compressed form in the direction of the reflector body.
- several primary air openings are arranged in a level below the burning level of the wood pellets.
- several secondary air openings are arranged in the area of the upper end in a level above the burning level of the wood pellets.
- the DE 10 2013 100 972 A1 describes a device for generating a column of light, with a furnace for generating a flame suitable for forming a column of light.
- the furnace is designed as a combustion chamber that can be filled with wood pellets and has a constant cross-sectional area in the vertical direction.
- a substantially horizontally oriented focal plane of the wood pellets is formed between the upper end and the lower end of the combustion chamber.
- a flame-guiding device is provided for guiding the flame generated in the combustion chamber into the ambient air, an air flow provided between the flame and the flame-guiding device cooling the flame-guiding device and shielding it from the flame and, on the other hand, the formation of a long flame as a pillar of light causes.
- a patio heater heater for lighting, heating the environment and heating liquids is out of the DE 20 2011 001 786 U1 known.
- the patio heater has a firing point for operation with lumpy biomass, such as wood pellets, which has a fuel interior, a cover with a central flame outlet opening and a fuel pipe above it. Combustion air regulation is provided between the fuel interior and an outer fuel jacket.
- the DE 20 2008 007 919 U1 describes a radiant heater with a combustion chamber for burning wood pellets, which is connected to a radiation pipe arranged perpendicular to the combustion chamber. At the end of the tube facing away from the combustion chamber, the radiation tube has a hollow roof which is open at the bottom and which has the shape of a flat mushroom cap.
- an outdoor furnace which has a burner for burning solid fuel, for example pellets.
- the cylindrical or prismatic burner is height-adjustable in a housing by means of a lifting device via a spring device.
- the EP 3 163 162 A1 describes a mobile radiant heater with a combustion unit for burning fuel, a radiation unit for radiating combustion heat, a storage unit designed separately for the combustion unit for storing the fuel and a transport unit for moving the entire mobile radiant heater.
- the units can be exchanged between different types of radiant heaters.
- the housing of the radiant heater has a receiving space for the combustion unit, which is designed to interchangeably accommodate the combustion unit.
- a separate chassis for the firing unit is not provided.
- the DE 23285 C relates to a chimney with pull-out fire basket, which is attached to a plate that has rollers running on rails.
- the chimney has a housing with rings for engaging the mobile chimney section, from which a flexible tube leads to a chimney.
- the DE 20 2006 008 993 U1 describes a real fire fireplace for domestic heating, which is surrounded by a combustion chamber that can be opened at the front and has a fireplace floor with a fuel tank.
- a chimney support stand of the real fire fireplace has wheels with which the entire real fire fireplace can be moved like a toboggan.
- Biomass wood pellets
- wood pellets is known to consist of flammable and non-flammable components. If wood is burned, about 80% of the amount burns in a reaction with combustion air, which has flame and heat as process waste. The non-flammable components result in the ember stick, which takes a long time to burn out, i.e. cold. In this process, considerable residual heat is still released to the environment.
- the object of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to increase the useful life of combustion sites operated with biomass for outdoor use.
- the interchangeable burner unit is designed to be movable, the interchangeable burner unit having a chassis with at least two wheels or rollers, and preferably the interchangeable burner unit together with the combustion chamber is designed as a mobile burner carriage.
- the still hot replacement burner unit with the glowing stick still glowing can be removed from the firing device and replaced by a freshly filled replacement burner unit.
- the operation of the firing device is only interrupted briefly, for example for a few minutes.
- the replacement burner unit, freshly filled with biomass in the combustion chamber, can be put into operation immediately after being replaced in the combustion device.
- the furnace can therefore develop its full heat again after a short time.
- the combustion chamber is detachably, preferably loosely, connected to the chassis. This enables the combustion chamber to be removed quickly from the chassis and a simple return of the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber has at least one, preferably hook-like, receptacle for a manipulation device, the manipulation device preferably having a heat protection shield.
- the manipulation device can be suspended in the receptacles via finger-shaped U-shaped holding brackets, as a result of which the combustion chamber can be lifted up with the manipulation device without risk of injury.
- the interchangeable burner unit preferably has an integrated ash drawer below the burner chamber, which is preferably integrated in the chassis. This can be dimensioned in such a way that the ash can be absorbed in several combustion cycles. When the interchangeable burner unit is removed from the firing device, all the ash is also removed.
- the removed interchangeable burner unit with the afterglow glow stick can slowly cool down outside the firing device and then be prepared for the next use by emptying the combustion chamber and the ash drawer and refilling the combustion chamber with biomass.
- the burner nozzle is arranged fixed in the housing in the firing point.
- the burner nozzle thus remains in the housing of the firing device when the interchangeable burner unit is replaced. This allows the height and weight of the interchangeable burner unit to be kept as small as possible. It is particularly advantageous if a defined gap is formed between the combustion chamber and the burner nozzle when the interchangeable burner unit is inserted into the housing. On the one hand, the gap enables the interchangeable burner unit to be moved in and out of the firing device without jamming and, moreover, can act as a secondary air supply opening in order to improve the combustion.
- an exchange system for the combustion chamber in the firing device with at least one alternating burner unit is provided according to the invention, the firing device having at least one receiving space for receiving at least one alternating burner unit.
- the exchange system additionally has a warm box and / or a heat table with at least one second receiving space for receiving at least one interchangeable burner unit.
- the still hot replacement burner unit can be moved out of the firing device and exchanged for a freshly filled replacement burner unit, which was kept in the cold box in the warming box or in the heating table.
- the still hot replacement burner unit is moved into the receiving area of the warming box or the hot table and can then heat up and cool down while releasing its residual heat.
- the annealing process of the burned-out burner unit still provides enough residual heat to comfortably warm the area of the warming box or the hot table. Since the burning process and the annealing process take about the same amount of time, the areas of the warming box or the heating table can be heated for longer periods in continuous operation for people who are outdoors, with only brief interruptions in the heat release during the exchange of the burner units enter the warm box or hot table.
- Fig. 1 shows a firing device formed by a patio heater 100, which has a housing 110 in which a firing point 1 for the outside area for the combustion of wood pellets is arranged.
- the patio heater 100 also has a support structure 120 for a roof 200 connected to the housing 110.
- a tubular radiation body 130 runs between the firing point 1 and the optional roof 200, the outer surface of which is surrounded by a suspended contact protection.
- An upper part 140 with a fine dust filter 150 and a combustion adjustment device 160 adjoins the radiation body 130 at the top.
- Reflective mirror covers 210 and LED lighting 220 are provided in the roof 200 ( Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 ).
- a circumferential LED lighting 220 is integrated in the roof 200.
- the mirror diaphragms 210 which are also arranged all around in the roof 200, are arranged in such a way that the heat radiation emitted during the burning process and the flame light are reflected there.
- the angles of inclination of the mirror diaphragms 210 are selected such that the largest possible radius is emitted.
- the mirror covers 210 Another function of the mirror covers 210 is the exhaust gas routing. If the mushroom-shaped patio heater 100 is not heated, it can serve as an outdoor lamp due to the integrated LED lighting 220. In this case, the integrated mirror covers 210 reflect the light from the LED lighting 220.
- the functionality of the roof 200 is not required, it can be removed or the patio heater 100 can be made roofless ( Fig. 9 ).
- the patio heater 100 has a housing 110 which can be at least partially insulated in order to avoid overheating and thus risk of burns.
- the patio heater 100 has a change system 500, with which a quick change of the combustion chamber 2 is possible.
- the combustion chamber 2 is designed as a movable interchangeable burner unit 510 and has a chassis with at least two rollers or wheels 520.
- An ash drawer 26 is also integrated in the interchangeable burner unit 510 in order to avoid contamination of the floor.
- the rollers or wheels 520 serve to move the interchangeable burner unit 510 alone, that is to say independently of the housing 110, but not to move the entire patio heater 100.
- the interchangeable burner unit 510 can thus be moved independently of the housing 110.
- the rollers or wheels 520 of the interchangeable burner unit 510 are provided in addition to any wheels 175 of the housing 110.
- the Fig. 2 . Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 show an embodiment variant in which the housing 110 has its own wheels 175. With the combustion chamber 2 removed from the housing 110, the combustion chamber 2 and the housing 110 can be moved independently of one another.
- the chassis 560 of the interchangeable burner unit 510 is designed with only two wheels 520 or rollers arranged in the same axis on the same axis of rotation 520a, the interchangeable burner unit 510 being able to be moved like a sack toboggan with slight tilting on the two wheels 520 or rollers.
- the chassis 560 of the interchangeable burner unit 510 it is also possible to design the chassis 560 of the interchangeable burner unit 510 with at least three wheels or rollers which are arranged on at least two axes of rotation spaced apart from one another.
- the interchangeable burner unit 510 forms a mobile burner trolley which can be rolled without tipping.
- at least one axis of rotation can be designed to be steerable.
- the housing 110 of the firing device has a first receiving space 530 for receiving the interchangeable burner unit 510.
- the changeable burner unit 510 which is designed to be movable, has a chassis 560 with an integrated ash drawer 26, on which the combustion chamber 2 is removably positioned.
- the interchangeable burner unit 510, including the combustion chamber 2 can be inserted into or pulled out of the first receiving space 530 of the housing 110 of the patio heater 100.
- the interchangeable burner unit 510 which can be moved by the chassis 560, it is possible, after the end of the burning process, to replace the combustion chamber 2 together with the burned-out wood pellets very quickly by a combustion chamber 2 freshly filled with wood pellets, and thus the operation of the patio heater 100 after a very short interruption continue.
- the change system 500 can have a heat box 540 and / or a heat table 550 which serves to store at least one change burner unit 510, the heat box 540 or the heat table 540 being designed to receive the change burner unit 510 with a corresponding second receiving space 535 for receiving the change burner unit 510 ,
- the interchangeable burner unit 510 and the combustion chamber 2 are constructed in such a way that they can be introduced both into the first receiving space 530 of the patio heater 100 and into the second receiving space 535 of the heating box 540 (storage box) or into a heating table 550.
- the heat box 540 and the heat table 550 are designed such that the embers of the interchangeable burner unit 510 accommodated in the second accommodating space 535 can completely burn out.
- the still hot replacement burner unit 510 can be moved out of the patio heater 100 and exchanged for an exchange burner unit 510 with a freshly filled combustion chamber 2.
- the freshly filled interchangeable burner unit 510 can be stored in the second receiving space 535 of the heat box 540 or the heat table 550 until it is used.
- the patio heater 100 can again perform its full heating function with the freshly filled "new" interchangeable burner unit 510, while the "old” interchangeable burner unit 510 removed from the patio heater 100 with the combustion chamber 2 still hot with the embers in the heating box 540 or in the heating table 550 burns out.
- the annealing process still provides enough residual heat that the heat box 540 or the heat table 550 are still sufficiently heated, for example to enable people to enjoy a pleasant stay outdoors at low ambient temperatures.
- the heat box 540 and the heat table 550 can also be designed to be mobile and have different designs.
- Wheels 175 can also be attached to the housing 110 of the patio heater 100, in order to enable a simple change of location of the entire patio heater 100, as shown in FIGS Fig. 2 . Fig. 3 . Fig. 5 can be seen.
- the entire patio heater 100 can be moved like a bag toboggan with or without the interchangeable burner unit 510. If the interchangeable burner unit 510 is located in the receiving space 530, it is fixed with the housing 110 in order to enable movement together.
- a firing point 1 of a patio heater 100 is shown in detail.
- the furnace 1 has a combustion chamber 2 and one the combustion chamber 2 arranged burner nozzle 3.
- the combustion chamber 2 is formed by a cylindrical first jacket 4.
- the burner nozzle 3, which is designed as a truncated cone, is placed on the combustion chamber 2 and tapers upwards and has a minimal cross section in an area facing away from the combustion chamber 2.
- the combustion chamber 2 has a defined maximum fuel fill level 5.
- the embodiment variant shown is the burner nozzle 3 at a distance b - preferably without a direct connection and / or open to the atmosphere - arranged fixed to the housing over a combustion chamber cover plate 27 formed normal to the first casing 4.
- the air gap 28 between the combustion chamber cover plate 27 and the burner nozzle 3 serves as the first secondary air opening.
- the burner nozzle 3, which tapers conically upwards, opens into the radiation body 130.
- a further advantage of the air gap 28 is that the interchangeable burner unit 510 can be moved in or out without obstacles.
- the air gap 28 - in particular the distance b between the burner nozzle 3 and the combustion chamber cover plate 27 or the combustion chamber 2 - can be changed.
- an air gap adjusting device 170 is provided, by means of which the burner nozzle 3 can be adjusted in the direction of the vertical axis 2a of the combustion chamber 2 - that is, raised or lowered.
- the adjustment range of the distance b is, for example, between 0 mm and 10 mm.
- the air gap adjustment device 170 can be formed, for example, by a lever device, which acts on the outer jacket of the burner nozzle 3, which is displaceably mounted parallel to the vertical axis 2a, as in FIG Fig. 3 is indicated.
- the amount of secondary air flowing into the burner nozzle 3 is changed, as a result of which the flame length in the radiation body 130 and the associated thermal radiation can be regulated. If the burner nozzle 3 rests directly on the combustion chamber 2 or the combustion chamber cover plate 27, there is a long flame and intense heat radiation. If the distance b of the air gap 28 between the burner nozzle 3 and the combustion chamber 2 is increased to, for example, 10 mm, the result is a lower flame and less radiation.
- the output of the firing point 1 or the patio heater 100 having the firing point 1 can thus be regulated in a simple manner, for example during operation, by adjusting the height of the burner nozzle 3. A further regulating device is not required.
- the burner nozzle 3 is advantageously raised so that the air gap 28 which arises between the burner nozzle 3 and the burner chamber 2 enables the interchangeable burner unit 510 to be moved out of or into the patio heater 100 without obstacles.
- a first group 6 of first air supply openings 7 and a second group 8 of second air supply openings 9 are arranged above the maximum fuel fill level 5, the first group 6 of e first air supply openings 7 in the cylindrical first jacket 4 of the combustion chamber 2 above the maximum fuel fill level 5 and the second group 8 of second air supply openings 9 are arranged in the conical jacket 10 of the burner nozzle 3. Furthermore, the first casing 4 of the combustion chamber 2 has in its lower region 11 near the bottom a third group 12 near the bottom of third air supply openings 13 which are circular in shape here.
- the bottom 14 is provided with third air supply openings 13 and / or is designed as a grate 14a ( Fig. 3 ).
- 7 swirl devices 70 are arranged in the region of the first air supply openings.
- Analog swirl devices 70 can also be arranged in the region of the second air supply openings 9.
- the swirl devices 70 of the first air supply openings 7 of the first group 6 are formed in the exemplary embodiments by obliquely inclined slots 7a.
- the slots 7a of the first group 6 of first air supply openings 7 are arranged inclined by a first angle ⁇ to a radial plane 2b running through the vertical axis 2a of the burner chamber 2, the angles ⁇ being approximately 30 ° in the exemplary embodiments.
- the slots 7a of the first group 6 of first air supply openings 7 are all at the same distance from the maximum fuel fill level 5 of the combustion chamber 2.
- all second air supply openings 9 of the second group 8 are at the same distance from the maximum fuel filling level 5 of the combustion chamber 2.
- the swirl devices 70 can also be formed by obliquely arranged guide plates in the area of the air supply openings 7, 9 (not shown). Adjacent slots 7a of the first group 6 of first air supply openings 7 are arranged essentially parallel to one another on a development of the first jacket 4 and at a first distance a 1 from one another. In the exemplary embodiments, the first distance a 1 is approximately 1/10 of the minimum diameter D 3 of the burner nozzle 3.
- the diameter D 3 of the outlet of the burner nozzle 3 is approximately 20% to 40% of the diameter D 2 of the combustion chamber 2.
- the height H 130 of the radiating body 130 is at least twice the height H 2 of the combustion chamber 2, but not more than four times the height H 2 of the combustion chamber 2.
- the diameter D 130 of the radiation body 130 is approximately 40% to 60% of the diameter D 2 of the combustion chamber 2.
- the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the first air supply openings 7 is dimensioned such that a combustion temperature in the range from 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. can be maintained in the combustion chamber 2.
- the total cross-sectional area of all first air supply openings 7 is preferably in a defined relationship to the cross-sectional area of combustion chamber 2, for example the total cross-sectional area of all first air supply openings 7 being 10% of the cross-sectional area of combustion chamber 2.
- the sum of all third air supply openings 13 is approximately 40% to 70% of the lateral surface of the combustion chamber 2 within the embers level 23.
- the fireplace 1 is of multi-walled construction and has a cylindrical outer second casing 15 which surrounds the inner first casing 4 at a distance.
- the embodiment shown is formed between the inner first jacket 4 and the outer second jacket 15, a cavity 17a, which is closed at the top by a combustion chamber cover plate 27.
- the combustion chamber 2 is filled, for example, with wood pellets up to the maximum fuel fill level 5 and then the fuel is ignited. After a starting phase of, for example, about 15 minutes, the combustion goes into a pure gasification mode. The flame arises directly in the area of the first group 6 at first air supply openings 7.
- the normal burning time of furnace 1 is, for example, 2 to 3 hours.
- further fuel e.g. wood pellets, firewood, wood chips
- the fuel automatically reaches the embers level 23.
- the first wall 4 and the bottom 14 of the combustion chamber 2 are provided with special perforations, which form third air supply openings 13. This results in an additional supply of primary air via the third air supply openings 13.
- This causes the remaining fuel to essentially burn out completely, so that no significant combustion residues remain in the combustion chamber 2.
- the normal flame pattern changes to blue flame.
- the terrace heater 100 can be operated for as long as desired by changing the entire burner unit 510 several times.
- the combustion chamber 2 is removably connected to the undercarriage 560 of the interchangeable burner unit 510, the combustion chamber 2 being arranged on the undercarriage 560 on the underside of the undercarriage 560 for precise positioning, which can be accommodated by suitable guide slots (not shown) in the undercarriage 560.
- the combustion chamber 2 of the interchangeable burner unit 510 can be lifted and removed from the chassis 560 of the interchangeable burner unit 510 by means of a manipulation device 600.
- the combustion chamber 2 or the combustion chamber cover plate 27 has two hook-shaped receptacles 580 diametrically opposite the vertical axis 2a for fastening the manipulation device 600 in the region of the upper end, as shown in FIG Fig. 10 can be seen.
- the manipulation device 600 shown is equipped with finger-like holding brackets 610 which can be hooked into the hook-shaped receptacles 580.
- the manipulation device 600 has an integrated heat protection shield 620 and on the top 630 a handle 640 with which the hot combustion chamber 2 can be safely separated and removed from the chassis 560 if necessary.
- the manipulation device 600 is attached to the receptacles 580, the combustion chamber 2 is completely covered at the top by the heat protection shield 610.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Feuerungsvorrichtung für den Außenbereich, insbesondere einen Terrassenstrahler (100), mit einem standfesten Gehäuse (110) und zumindest einer Brennkammer (2) zum Verbrennen von Biomasse, insbesondere Holzpellets, wobei die Brennkammer (2) als Wechselbrennereinheit (510) ausgebildet ist, und wobei das Gehäuse (110) einen ersten Aufnahmeraum (530) für die Wechselbrennereinheit (510) aufweist, welcher ausgebildet ist, um die Wechselbrennereinheit (510) wechselbar aufzunehmen.Um die Nutzungszeit zu erhöhen, ist vorgesehen, dass die Wechselbrennereinheit (510) verfahrbar ausgebildet ist, wobei die Wechselbrennereinheit (510) ein Fahrgestell (560) mit zumindest zwei Rädern (520) oder Rollen aufweist, und wobei vorzugsweise die Wechselbrennereinheit (510) samt Brennkammer (2) als mobiler Brennerwagen ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a firing device for outdoor use, in particular a patio heater (100), with a stable housing (110) and at least one combustion chamber (2) for burning biomass, in particular wood pellets, the combustion chamber (2) being designed as an alternating burner unit (510) and the housing (110) has a first receiving space (530) for the interchangeable burner unit (510), which is designed to interchangeably receive the interchangeable burner unit (510). In order to increase the usage time, it is provided that the interchangeable burner unit (510 ) is designed to be movable, the interchangeable burner unit (510) having a chassis (560) with at least two wheels (520) or rollers, and the interchangeable burner unit (510) together with the combustion chamber (2) is preferably designed as a mobile burner cart.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Feuerungsvorrichtung für den Außenbereich, insbesondere einen Terrassenstrahler, mit einem standfesten Gehäuse und zumindest einer Brennkammer zum Verbrennen von Biomasse, insbesondere Holzpellets, wobei die Brennkammer als Wechselbrennereinheit ausgebildet ist, und wobei das Gehäuse einen ersten Aufnahmeraum für die Wechselbrennereinheit aufweist, welcher ausgebildet ist, um die Wechselbrennereinheit wechselbar aufzunehmen. Weiters betrifft die Erfindung ein Wechselsystem für den Brennraum bei dieser Feuerungsvorrichtung.The invention relates to a firing device for outdoor use, in particular a patio heater, with a stable housing and at least one combustion chamber for burning biomass, in particular wood pellets, the combustion chamber being designed as an interchangeable burner unit, and the housing having a first receiving space for the interchangeable burner unit, which is designed to interchangeably accommodate the changeable burner unit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a change system for the combustion chamber in this firing device.
Terrassenstrahler bekannter Bauart werden hauptsächlich mit brennbaren Gasen aus Druckflaschen betrieben. Haben die Gase fossile Herkunft, so ergibt sich der Nachteil einer negativen CO2-Bilanz.Patio heaters of known design are mainly operated with flammable gases from pressure bottles. If the gases are of fossil origin, there is the disadvantage of a negative CO 2 balance.
Aus der
Die
Ein Terrassenstrahler-Heizpilz zur Beleuchtung, Erwärmung der Umgebung und Erhitzung von Flüssigkeiten ist aus der
Die
Aus der
Die
Die
Die
Biomasse (Holzpellets) besteht bekannterweise aus brennbaren und nicht brennbaren Bestandteilen. Wird Holz verbrannt, so verbrennen ca. 80% der Menge in einer Reaktion mit Verbrennungsluft, welche als Prozessabfall Flamme und Wärme aufweisen. Die nicht brennbaren Bestandteile ergeben den Glutstock, welcher eine längere Zeit benötigt, bis dieser ausgeglüht, also kalt, ist. In diesem Prozess wird noch beträchtliche Restwärme an die Umwelt abgegeben.Biomass (wood pellets) is known to consist of flammable and non-flammable components. If wood is burned, about 80% of the amount burns in a reaction with combustion air, which has flame and heat as process waste. The non-flammable components result in the ember stick, which takes a long time to burn out, i.e. cold. In this process, considerable residual heat is still released to the environment.
Nachdem der Abbrandvorgang in einem mit Holz-Pellets betriebenen Terrassenstrahlern vollendet ist und alle brennbaren Rauchgase verbrannt wurden, befindet sich im Brenner die Restglut. Hier entsteht vor allem in der öffentlichen Anwendung ein gravierender Nachteil im Vergleich zu gas- und strombetriebenen Outdoor-Heizstrahlern: Bei den aus den Stand der Technik bekannten Feuerungsvorrichtrungen für Holz Pellets muss mit der Wiederbefüllung der Brennkammer gewartet werden, bis der Glutstock vollkommen ausgeglüht ist. Dies kann unter Umständen die gleiche Zeit wie die Brenndauer in Anspruch nehmen. Währen dieser Zeit kann der Heizstrahler die Umgebung nicht in vollem Umfang erwärmen. Diese Wartezeit schränkt die Anwendbarkeit und die Nutzungszeit von mit Biomasse gefeuerten Terrassenstrahlern im Vergleich zu gas- oder strombetriebenen Geräten wesentlich ein.After the burning process in a patio heater powered by wood pellets has been completed and all flammable flue gases have been burned, there is residual embers in the burner. Here, especially in public use, there is a serious disadvantage compared to gas- and electricity-operated outdoor radiant heaters: With the firing devices for wood pellets known from the prior art, the refilling of the combustion chamber has to be waited until the embers have completely burned out. This may take the same time as the burn time. During this time, the radiant heater cannot fully heat the surroundings. This waiting time significantly limits the applicability and usage time of patio heaters fired with biomass in comparison to gas or electricity-operated devices.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und die Nutzungszeit von mit Biomasse betriebenen Feuerungsstellen für den Außenbereich zu erhöhen.The object of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to increase the useful life of combustion sites operated with biomass for outdoor use.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Wechselbrennereinheit verfahrbar ausgebildet ist, wobei die Wechselbrennereinheit ein Fahrgestell mit zumindest zwei Rädern oder Rollen aufweist, und wobei vorzugsweise die Wechselbrennereinheit samt Brennkammer als mobiler Brennerwagen ausgebildet ist .According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the interchangeable burner unit is designed to be movable, the interchangeable burner unit having a chassis with at least two wheels or rollers, and preferably the interchangeable burner unit together with the combustion chamber is designed as a mobile burner carriage.
Dies ermöglicht einen einfachen Wechsel der Wechselbrennereinheit ohne großen Kraftaufwand.This enables the exchange burner unit to be changed easily without great effort.
Am Ende des Abbrandvorganges kann die noch heiße Wechselbrennereinheit mit dem noch nachglühenden Glutstock aus der Feuerungsvorrichtung entfernt und durch eine frisch befüllte Wechselbrennereinheit getauscht werden. Der Betrieb der Feuerungsvorrichtung wird nur kurzfristig, also beispielsweis für ein paar Minuten, unterbrochen. Die frisch mit Biomasse im Brennraum befüllte Wechselbrennereinheit kann nach dem Tausch in der Feuerungsvorrichtung sofort in Betrieb genommen werden. Die Feuerungsstelle kann somit nach kurzer Zeit wieder ihre volle Wärme entfalten.At the end of the burning process, the still hot replacement burner unit with the glowing stick still glowing can be removed from the firing device and replaced by a freshly filled replacement burner unit. The operation of the firing device is only interrupted briefly, for example for a few minutes. The replacement burner unit, freshly filled with biomass in the combustion chamber, can be put into operation immediately after being replaced in the combustion device. The furnace can therefore develop its full heat again after a short time.
Um ein einfaches Entleeren der Brennkammer zu ermöglichen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Brennkammer lösbar, vorzugsweise lose, mit dem Fahrgestell verbunden ist. Dies ermöglicht ein rasches Entnehmen der Brennkammer vom Fahrgestell und ein einfaches Retournieren der Brennkammer. Um das Manipulieren der insbesondere heißen Brennkammer zu erleichtern, ist gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Brennkammer zumindest eine, vorzugsweise hakenartige, Aufnahme für eine Manipulationseinrichtung aufweist, wobei vorzugsweise die Manipulationseinrichtung einen Hitzeschutzschild aufweist. Die Manipulationseinrichtung kann über fingerartige U-förmig gebogene Haltbügel in den Aufnahmen eingehängt werden, wodurch die Brennkammer mit der Manipulationseinrichtung ohne Verletzungsgefahr hochgehoben werden kann.In order to make it easy to empty the combustion chamber, it is advantageous if the combustion chamber is detachably, preferably loosely, connected to the chassis. This enables the combustion chamber to be removed quickly from the chassis and a simple return of the combustion chamber. In order to facilitate the manipulation of the particularly hot combustion chamber, it is provided according to one embodiment variant of the invention that the combustion chamber has at least one, preferably hook-like, receptacle for a manipulation device, the manipulation device preferably having a heat protection shield. The manipulation device can be suspended in the receptacles via finger-shaped U-shaped holding brackets, as a result of which the combustion chamber can be lifted up with the manipulation device without risk of injury.
Vorzugsweise weist die Wechselbrennereinheit unterhalb der Brennerkammer eine integrierte Aschelade auf, welche vorzugsweise in das Fahrgestell integriert ist. Diese kann so dimensioniert sein, dass die Asche mehrerer Abbrandzyklen aufgenommen werden kann. Beim Entfernen der Wechselbrennereinheit aus der Feuerungsvorrichtung wird auch die gesamte Asche mit entfernt.The interchangeable burner unit preferably has an integrated ash drawer below the burner chamber, which is preferably integrated in the chassis. This can be dimensioned in such a way that the ash can be absorbed in several combustion cycles. When the interchangeable burner unit is removed from the firing device, all the ash is also removed.
Die entfernte Wechselbrennereinheit mit dem nachglühenden Glühstock kann langsam außerhalb der Feuerungsvorrichtung auskühlen und danach durch Entleeren des Brennraumes und der Aschelade sowie Wiederbefüllen des Brennraumes mit Biomasse für den nächsten Einsatz vorbereitet werden.The removed interchangeable burner unit with the afterglow glow stick can slowly cool down outside the firing device and then be prepared for the next use by emptying the combustion chamber and the ash drawer and refilling the combustion chamber with biomass.
In einer Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung mit zumindest einer oberhalb der Brennkammer angeordneten - insbesondere sich nach oben verjüngenden - Brennerdüse, ist vorgesehen, dass die Brennerdüse gehäusefest in der Feuerungsstelle angeordnet ist. Die Brennerdüse verbleibt somit bei einem Wechsel der Wechselbrennereinheit im Gehäuse der Feuerungsvorrichtung. Dadurch kann die Höhe und das Gewicht der Wechselbrennereinheit möglichst klein gehalten werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es dabei, wenn zwischen der Brennkammer und der Brennerdüse bei in die Aufnahme des Gehäuses eingefahrener Wechselbrennereinheit ein definierter Spalt ausgebildet ist. Der Spalt ermöglicht einerseits ein klemmungsfreies Ein- und Ausfahren der Wechselbrennereinheit in oder aus der Feuerungsvorrichtung und kann darüber hinaus als Sekundärluftzufuhröffnung fungieren, um die Verbrennung zu verbessern.In an embodiment variant of the invention with at least one burner nozzle arranged above the combustion chamber - in particular tapering upwards - it is provided that the burner nozzle is arranged fixed in the housing in the firing point. The burner nozzle thus remains in the housing of the firing device when the interchangeable burner unit is replaced. This allows the height and weight of the interchangeable burner unit to be kept as small as possible. It is particularly advantageous if a defined gap is formed between the combustion chamber and the burner nozzle when the interchangeable burner unit is inserted into the housing. On the one hand, the gap enables the interchangeable burner unit to be moved in and out of the firing device without jamming and, moreover, can act as a secondary air supply opening in order to improve the combustion.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß ein Wechselsystem für den Brennraum bei der Feuerungsvorrichtung mit zumindest einer Wechselbrennereinheit vorgesehen, wobei die Feuerungsvorrichtung zumindest einen Aufnahmeraum zur Aufnahme mindestens einer Wechselbrennereinheit aufweist.To achieve the object, an exchange system for the combustion chamber in the firing device with at least one alternating burner unit is provided according to the invention, the firing device having at least one receiving space for receiving at least one alternating burner unit.
In einer Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung weist das Wechselsystem zusätzlich eine Wärmebox und/oder einen Wärmetisch mit zumindest einem zweiten Aufnahmeraum zur Aufnahme zumindest einer Wechselbrennereinheit auf.In an embodiment variant of the invention, the exchange system additionally has a warm box and / or a heat table with at least one second receiving space for receiving at least one interchangeable burner unit.
Nach dem Abbrandvorgang kann die noch heiße Wechselbrennereinheit aus der Feuerungsvorrichtung ausgefahren und gegen eine frisch befüllte Wechselbrennereinheit ausgetauscht werden, welche im kalten Zustand in der Wärmebox oder in dem Wärmetisch aufbewahrt wurde. Die noch heiße Wechselbrennereinheit wird in Aufnahmeraum der Wärmebox oder des Wärmetisches gefahren und kann dort unter Abgabe ihrer Restwärme ausglühen und abkühlen. Der Ausglühvorgang der ausgebrannten Wechselbrennereinheit liefert noch genug Restwärme, um den Bereich der Wärmebox bzw. des Wärmetisches angenehm zu erwärmen. Da der Abbrandvorgang und der Ausglühvorgang etwa gleich lange Zeit in Anspruch nehmen, können die Bereiche der Wärmebox bzw. des Wärmetisches über größere Zeitabschnitte in durchgehendem Betrieb für sich im freien aufhaltende Personen erwärmt werden, wobei während des Austausches der Wechselbrennereinheiten nur kurze Unterbrechungen bei der Wärmefreisetzung der Wärmebox bzw. Wärmetisches eintreten.After the burning process, the still hot replacement burner unit can be moved out of the firing device and exchanged for a freshly filled replacement burner unit, which was kept in the cold box in the warming box or in the heating table. The still hot replacement burner unit is moved into the receiving area of the warming box or the hot table and can then heat up and cool down while releasing its residual heat. The annealing process of the burned-out burner unit still provides enough residual heat to comfortably warm the area of the warming box or the hot table. Since the burning process and the annealing process take about the same amount of time, the areas of the warming box or the heating table can be heated for longer periods in continuous operation for people who are outdoors, with only brief interruptions in the heat release during the exchange of the burner units enter the warm box or hot table.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der in den nicht einschränkenden Figuren gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine erfindungsgemäße Feuerungsvorrichtung in einer ersten Ausführungsvariante in einer axonometrischen Darstellung mit eingefahrener Wechselbrennereinheit;
- Fig. 2
- die Feuerungsvorrichtung im Längsschnitt;
- Fig. 3
- das Detail III aus
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 4
- das Detail IV aus
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 5
- die Feuerungsvorrichtung in einer weiteren axonometrischen Darstellung mit ausgefahrener Wechselbrennereinheit;
- Fig. 6
- eine Wechselbrennereinheit in einer axonometrischen Darstellung;
- Fig. 7
- eine Wärmebox samt darin aufbewahrter Wechselbrennereinheit in einer Vorderansicht;
- Fig. 8
- einen Wärmetisch samt aufbewahrter Wechselbrennereinheit in einer Vorderansicht;
- Fig. 9
- eine erfindungsgemäße Feuerungsvorrichtung in einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante in einer axonometrischen Darstellung mit eingefahrener Wechselbrennereinheit;
- Fig. 10
- eine Brennkammer der Wechselbrennereinheit in einer axonometrischen Darstellung; und
- Fig. 11
- eine Manipulationseinrichtung für die Brennkammer in einer axonometrischen Darstellung.
- Fig. 1
- a firing device according to the invention in a first embodiment in an axonometric view with retracted burner unit;
- Fig. 2
- the firing device in longitudinal section;
- Fig. 3
- the detail III
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 4
- the detail IV out
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 5
- the firing device in a further axonometric view with the extended burner unit extended;
- Fig. 6
- an interchangeable burner unit in an axonometric representation;
- Fig. 7
- a warm box including the burner unit stored therein in a front view;
- Fig. 8
- a heat table together with the stored burner unit in a front view;
- Fig. 9
- a firing device according to the invention in a second embodiment in an axonometric view with retracted burner unit;
- Fig. 10
- a combustion chamber of the interchangeable burner unit in an axonometric representation; and
- Fig. 11
- a manipulation device for the combustion chamber in an axonometric view.
Oft ist die Wärmefunktion eines Terrassenstrahlers 100 nicht erforderlich. Um einen Mehrfachnutzen zu integrieren ist in das Dach 200 eine umlaufende LED-Beleuchtung 220 integriert. Die ebenfalls im Dach 200 umlaufend angeordneten Spiegelblenden 210 sind so angeordnet, dass die während des Abbrandvorganges abgestrahlte Wärmestrahlung sowie das Flammlicht dort reflektiert werden. Die Neigungswinkel der Spiegelblenden 210 sind so gewählt, dass ein größtmöglicher Umkreis ausgestrahlt wird.The heating function of a
Eine weitere Funktion der Spiegelblenden 210 ist die Abgasführung. Wird der pilzförmige Terrassenstrahler 100 nicht beheizt, kann dieser durch die integrierte LED - Beleuchtung 220 als Outdoor-Lampe dienen. In diesem Fall reflektieren die integrierten Spiegelblenden 210 das Licht der LED-Beleuchtung 220.Another function of the mirror covers 210 is the exhaust gas routing. If the mushroom-shaped
Wird die Funktionalität des Daches 200 nicht benötigt, so kann dieses entfernt werden, oder der Terrassenstrahler 100 dachlos ausgeführt sein (
Der Terrassenstrahler 100 weist ein Gehäuse 110 auf, welches zumindest teilweise isoliert sein kann, um eine Überhitzung und somit Verbrennungsgefahr zu vermeiden.The
Der Terrassenstrahler 100 weist ein Wechselsystem auf 500 auf, mit welchem ein rascher Wechsel der Brennkammer 2 möglich ist. Die Brennkammer 2 ist dabei als verfahrbare Wechselbrennereinheit 510 ausgebildet und weist ein Fahrgestell mit zumindest zwei Rollen oder Räder 520 auf. Ebenfalls integriert in die Wechselbrennereinheit 510 ist eine Aschenlade 26 um eine Verschmutzung des Bodens zu vermeiden. Die Rollen oder Räder 520 dienen dabei zum Verfahren der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 alleine, also unabhängig vom Gehäuse 110, nicht aber zum Verfahren des gesamten Terrassenstrahlers 100. Die Wechselbrennereinheit 510 kann somit unabhängig vom Gehäuse 110 verfahren werden.The
Die Rollen oder Räder 520 der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 sind zusätzlich zu eventuell Rädern 175 des Gehäuses 110 vorgesehen. Die
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Fahrgestell 560 der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 mit nur zwei auf derselben Drehachse 520a achsgleich angeordnete Rädern 520 oder Rollen ausgeführt, wobei die Wechselbrennereinheit 510 sackrodelartig unter leichtem Kippen auf den zwei Rädern 520 oder Rollen verfahren werden kann. Alternativ dazu ist es auch möglich, das Fahrgestell 560 der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 mit zumindest drei Räder oder Rollen auszuführen, welche auf zumindest zwei voneinander beabstandeten Drehachsen angeordnet sind. Die Wechselbrennereinheit 510 bildet in diesem Falle einen mobilen Brennerwagen, welcher ohne Kippaufwand gerollt werden kann. Um einen einfachen Richtungswechsel beim Rollen zu ermöglichen, kann zumindest eine Drehachse lenkbar ausgeführt sein.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the chassis 560 of the
Das Gehäuse 110 der Feuerungsvorrichtung weist einen ersten Aufnahmeraum 530 zur Aufnahme der Wechselbrennereinheit auf 510.The
Die verfahrbar ausgeführte Wechselbrennereinheit 510 weist ein Fahrgestell 560 mit integrierter Aschelade 26 auf, auf welchem die Brennkammer 2 entfernbar positioniert ist. Die Wechselbrennereinheit 510 kann inklusive der Brennkammer 2 in den ersten Aufnahmeraum 530 des Gehäuses 110 des Terrassenstrahlers 100 eingeschoben oder aus diesem herausgezogen werden.The
Mittels der durch das Fahrgestell 560 verfahrbaren Wechselbrennereinheit 510 ist es möglich, nach dem Ende des Abbrandvorganges die Brennkammer 2 samt den darin verbleibenden abgebrannten Holzpellets sehr rasch durch eine frisch mit Holzpellets befüllte Brennkammer 2 auszutauschen und somit den Betrieb des Terrassenstrahlers 100 nach einer sehr kurzen Unterbrechung fortzusetzen.By means of the
Weiters kann das Wechselsystem 500 eine der Aufbewahrung zumindest einer Wechselbrennereinheit 510 dienende Wärmebox 540 und/oder einen Wärmetisch 550 auf, wobei zur Aufnahme der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 die Wärmebox 540 bzw. der Wärmetisch 540 mit einem entsprechenden zweiten Aufnahmeraum 535 zur Aufnahme der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 ausgeführt ist.Furthermore, the
Die Wechselbrennereinheit 510 sowie die Brennkammer 2 sind so konstruiert, dass diese sowohl in den ersten Aufnahmeraum 530 des Terrassenstrahlers 100, als auch in den zweiten Aufnahmerau 535 der Wärmebox 540 (Aufbewahrungsbox) oder in einen Wärmetisch 550 eingebracht werden können.The
Die Wärmebox 540 sowie der Wärmetisch 550 sind so ausgeführt, dass der Glutstock der im zweiten Aufnahmeraum 535 aufgenommenen Wechselbrennereinheit 510 vollständig ausglühen kann.The
Beispielsweise kann nach dem Abbrandvorgang die noch heiße Wechselbrennereinheit 510 aus dem Terrassenstrahler 100 ausgefahren und gegen eine Wechselbrennereinheit 510 mit frisch befüllten Brennkammer 2 ausgetauscht werden. Die frisch befüllte Wechselbrennereinheit 510 kann bis zu seinem Einsatz im zweiten Aufnahmeraum 535 der Wärmebox 540 oder des Wärmetisches 550 aufbewahrt werden.For example, after the burning process, the still hot
Unmittelbar nach dem Tausch kann der Terrassenstrahler 100 seine volle Wärmefunktion mit der frisch befüllten "neuen" Wechselbrennereinheit 510 wieder ausüben, während die aus dem Terrassenstrahler 100 entfernte "alte" Wechselbrennereinheit 510 mit der noch heißen Brennkammer 2 mit dem Glutstock in der Wärmebox 540 oder in dem Wärmetisch 550 ausglüht. Der Ausglüh-Vorgang liefert noch so viel Restwärme, dass die Wärmebox 540 bzw. der Wärmetisch 550 noch ausreichend erwärmt werden, um beispielsweise bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen Personen einen angenehmen Aufenthalt im Freien zu ermöglichen.Immediately after the replacement, the
Es hat sich in der Praxis gezeigt, dass die aktive Abbranddauer im Terrassenstrahler 100 und die passive Ausglühdauer in der Wärmebox 540 bzw. im Wärmetisch 550 annähernd gleich sind, wodurch in einem Wechselbetrieb die beiden Funktionen solange aufrechterhalten werden können, wie es der Anwender gerne möchte.It has been shown in practice that the active burn-up time in the
Die Wärmebox 540 sowie der Wärmetisch 550 können auch fahrbar ausgeführt sein und unterschiedliche Bauarten aufweisen.The
Am Gehäuse 110 des Terrassenstrahlers 100 können ebenfalls Räder 175 angebracht sein, um bei Bedarf einen einfachen Ortswechsel des gesamten Terrassenstrahler 100 zu ermöglichen, wie aus den
In
Bei der in
Bei der in
Vor dem Wechseln der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 wird vorteilhafterweise die Brennerdüse 3 angehoben, so dass der zwischen Brennerdüse 3 und Brennerkammer 2 entstehende Luftspalt 28 ein hindernisfreies Verfahren der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 aus oder in den Terrassenstrahler 100 ermöglicht.Before changing the
Über dem maximalen Brennstofffüllniveau 5 sind eine erste Gruppe 6 von ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 und eine zweite Gruppe 8 von zweiten Luftzufuhröffnungen 9 angeordnet, wobei die erste Gruppe 6 von e ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 im zylindrischen ersten Mantel 4 der Brennkammer 2 über dem maximalen Brennstofffüllniveau 5 und die zweite Gruppe 8 von zweiten Luftzufuhröffnungen 9 im kegelförmigen Mantel 10 der Brennerdüse 3 angeordnet sind. Weiters weist der erste Mantel 4 der Brennkammer 2 in seinem bodennahen unteren Bereich 11 eine bodennahe dritte Gruppe 12 von hier kreisförmig geformten dritten Luftzuführöffnungen 13 auf. Der Boden 14 ist mit dritten Luftzuführöffnungen 13 versehen und/oder als Rost 14a ausgebildet (
Um die Luft mit Drall in die Brennkammer 2 einströmen zu lassen, sind im Bereich der ersten Luftzuführöffnungen 7 Dralleinrichtungen 70 angeordnet. Analoge Dralleinrichtungen 70 können auch im Bereich der zweiten Luftzuführöffnungen 9 angeordnet sein.In order to allow the air to flow into the
Die Dralleinrichtungen 70 der ersten Luftzuführöffnungen 7 der ersten Gruppe 6 und sind in den Ausführungsbeispielen durch schräg geneigte Schlitze 7a gebildet. Die Schlitze 7a der ersten Gruppe 6 von ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 sind um einen ersten Winkel α geneigt zu einer durch die Hochachse 2a der Brennerkammer 2 verlaufenden Radialebene 2b angeordnet, wobei in den Ausführungsbeispielen die Winkel α etwa 30° betragen. Die Schlitze 7a der ersten Gruppe 6 von ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 weisen alle denselben Abstand zum maximalen Brennstofffüllniveau 5 der Brennkammer 2 auf. Ebenso weisen alle zweiten Luftzufuhröffnungen 9 der zweiten Gruppe 8 denselben Abstand zum maximalen Brennstofffüllniveau 5 der Brennkammer 2 auf. Der Abstand des maximalen Brennstofffüllniveau 5 zum Boden 14 der Brennkammer 2 ist mit H bezeichnet. Alternativ zu den schräg verlaufenden Schlitzen 7a können die Dralleinrichtungen 70 auch durch schräg angeordnete Leitbleche im Bereich der Luftzuführöffnungen 7, 9 gebildet sein (nicht dargestellt). Benachbarte Schlitze 7a der ersten Gruppe 6 von ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 sind im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander auf einer Abwicklung des ersten Mantels 4 und in einem ersten Abstand a1 voneinander angeordnet. Der erste Abstand a1 beträgt in den Ausführungsbeispielen etwa 1/10 des minimalen Durchmessers D3 der Brennerdüse 3.The
Der Durchmesser D3 des Auslasses der Brennerdüse 3 beträgt etwa 20% bis 40% des Durchmessers D2 der Brennkammer 2.The diameter D 3 of the outlet of the
Die Höhe H130 des Strahlungskörpers 130 beträgt mindestens das Doppelte der Höhe H2 der Brennkammer 2, aber nicht mehr als das Vierfache der Höhe H2 der Brennkammer 2.The height H 130 of the radiating
Der Durchmesser D130 des Strahlungskörpers 130 beträgt etwa 40% bis 60% des Durchmessers D2 der Brennkammer 2.The diameter D 130 of the
Die Summe der Querschnittsflächen aller ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 ist so bemessen, dass in der Brennkammer 2 eine Brenntemperatur im Bereich von 150°C bis 300°C aufrechterhalten werden kann. Bevorzugt steht die summarische Querschnittsfläche aller ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 in einem definierten Verhältnis zur Querschnittsfläche der Brennkammer 2, wobei beispielsweise die summarische Querschnittsfläche aller ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 10% der Querschnittsfläche der Brennkammer 2 beträgt.The sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the first air supply openings 7 is dimensioned such that a combustion temperature in the range from 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. can be maintained in the
Im bodennahen Bereich 11 beträgt die Summe aller dritten Luftzufuhröffnungen 13 etwa 40% bis 70% der Mantelfläche der Brennkammer 2 innerhalb des Glutstockniveaus 23.In the
Im Bereich der Brennkammer 2 ist die Feuerstelle 1 mehrwandig ausgeführt und weist einen zylindrischen äußeren zweiten Mantel 15 auf, welcher den inneren ersten Mantel 4 mit Abstand umgibt. Bei der in
Die Brennkammer 2 wird beispielsweise mit Holzpellets bis zum maximalen Brennstofffüllniveau 5 gefüllt und anschließend wird das Brennmaterial angezündet. Nach einer Startphase von beispielsweise etwa 15 Minuten geht die Verbrennung in einen reinen Vergasungsmodus über. Die Flamme entsteht direkt im Bereich der ersten Gruppe 6 an ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7.The
Durch die schräge Anordnung der Schlitze 7a der ersten Gruppe 6 an ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 entsteht eine Drallströmung, welche ein drehendes Flammenbild entstehen lässt.Due to the oblique arrangement of the slots 7a of the
Während des gesamten Verbrennungsvorganges entsteht im Bereich der ersten Gruppe 6 an ersten Luftzufuhröffnungen 7 eine Flamme mit immer gleichem Flammenbild, während dessen das Brennmaterial vergast und dabei auf das Glutstockniveau 23 absinkt, dessen Abstand vom Boden 14 mit h bezeichnet ist.During the entire combustion process, in the area of the
Die normale Brenndauer der Feuerungsstelle 1 beträgt beispielsweise 2 bis 3 Stunden. Während dieser Brenndauer (=Vergasungszeit) kann weiteres Brennmaterial (z.B. Holzpellets, Anheizholz, Hackschnitzel), beispielsweise per Hand durch die Brennerdüse 3 nachgefüllt werden, um die Brenndauer zu verlängern. Wird kein neues Brennmaterial zugeführt, erreicht das Brennmaterial automatisch das Glutstockniveau 23. Unterhalb des Glutstockniveaus 23 sind der erste Mantel 4 Wand und der Boden 14 der Brennkammer 2 mit einer speziellen Lochung versehen, welche dritte Luftzufuhröffnungen 13 ausbilden. Dadurch kommt es zu einer zusätzlichen Zufuhr von Primärluft über die dritten Luftzufuhröffnungen 13. Diese bewirkt, dass das restliche Brennmaterial im Wesentlichen vollständig ausbrennt, so dass keine nennenswerten Verbrennungsrückstände in der Brennkammer 2 übrigbleiben. In dieser Ausbrandphase wechselt das normale Flammenbild auf Blauflamme. Durch mehrmaliges Wechsels der gesamten Wechselbrennereinheit 510 kann der Betrieb des Terrassenstrahlers 100 beliebig lange fortgesetzt werden.The normal burning time of
Die Brennkammer 2 ist entfernbar mit dem Fahrgestell 560 der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 verbunden, wobei zur lagegenauen Positionierung die Brennkammer 2 am Fahrgestell 560 an der Unterseite Stege 570 angeordnet sind, welche von geeigneten Führungsschlitzen (nicht dargestellt) des Fahrgestells 560 aufgenommen werden können.The
Um die Handhabung der Brennkammer 2 zu erleichtern Die Brennkammer 2 der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 kann mittels einer Manipulationseinrichtung 600 vom Fahrgestell 560 der Wechselbrennereinheit 510 gehoben und entfernt werden. Die Brennkammer 2 oder Brennkammerdeckplatte 27 weist dabei im Bereich der oberen Stirnseite zwei diametral bezüglich der Hochachse 2a gegenüberliegende hakenförmige Aufnahmen 580 zur Befestigung der Manipulationseinrichtung 600 auf, wie aus
Claims (7)
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ATA50715/2018A AT521755A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2018-08-22 | EXTERNAL FIRE DEVICE |
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EP3614047A1 true EP3614047A1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
EP3614047B1 EP3614047B1 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
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EP19192424.0A Active EP3614047B1 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2019-08-20 | Patio heater |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019134668B3 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-03-25 | Marc Büschgens | Pillar of fire for burning fuel |
CN114234240A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-25 | 遵义市播州区鑫巨旺节能炉具有限公司 | Energy-saving furnace core |
EP4094570A1 (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-11-30 | Simon Schafler-Zorn | Heating device |
DE102022110113A1 (en) | 2022-01-24 | 2023-07-27 | Markus Remesch | Device for generating light and/or heat |
USD1017785S1 (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2024-03-12 | Solo Brands, Llc | Combustor |
USD1018811S1 (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2024-03-19 | Solo Brands, Llc | Heat reflector |
USD1035849S1 (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2024-07-16 | Solo Brands, Llc | Heater |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102022132863A1 (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-20 | Johannes Heller | Biomass-powered radiant heater |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AT521755A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
EP3614047B1 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
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