EP3163162A1 - Mobile radiant heater - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mobile radiant heater (2) with a combustion unit (4) for burning fuel.

In order to achieve a low-cost ambient heating, it is proposed that the fuel according to the invention is solid fuel and further a solid fuel storage (8), a transparent emission unit (6) for radiating heat of combustion in the environment, a flue (50) vertically up through the Abstrahleinheit (6) is directed, and a conveyor (10) for conveying solid fuel to the firing unit (4) is present.

Description

The invention relates to a radiant heater, in particular a mobile radiant heater, with a combustion unit for burning a fuel and an emission unit for radiating combustion heat into the environment.

For heating semi-open tents or outdoors, radiant heaters are known in which gas is burned from a gas cylinder along a metal mesh over a large area, so that this heating surface radiates the heat in a desired direction. The heating effect is mainly based on radiant heat, which impinges on the persons or objects to be heated.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a radiant heater with which can be heated inexpensively to larger areas.

This object is achieved by a radiant heater of the type mentioned, in which the firing unit according to the invention is prepared for burning solid fuel, such as wood or other regenerative biomass. Particularly suitable solid fuel are biomass pellets, in particular wood pellets. In this way, the usual gas can be replaced by a cheaper and more environmentally friendly because regenerative fuel.

Advantageously, the emission unit is a transparent emission unit which has a transparent element insofar as the flames generated by the combustion of the solid fuel are visible from the outside. Particularly suitable is a glass tube. The glass tube is transparent and expediently made of a ceramic glass or glass or other transparent and temperature-stable solid to obtain stability even at high temperatures and also to counteract a break by temperature stresses.

The emission unit is expediently oriented vertically upwards so that a flue gas duct is directed vertically upwards through the emission unit. The hot flue gas can transfer heat of combustion to the emission unit, which is then conducted into the environment as radiant heat. The hot flue gas can in this case be present in a wide temperature range, wherein the hot flue gas can also be subject to radiating in the visible spectral range temperature. This hot part of the flue gas is visible as flames in addition to the heat radiate light into the environment. In the case of the transparent emission unit, the radiation can thus also be directed directly from the flames through the transparent radiation into the environment.

Further, it is advantageous if the radiant heater comprises a solid fuel storage in which the solid fuel can be stored. On a permanent refilling the heater with fuel can be dispensed with. The solid fuel storage may be a non-volatile storage having a fuel capacity of at least one hour of full load operation of the radiant heater. It is also possible that the solid fuel storage has a temporary storage, which is connected via a conveyor to a larger main storage, for example a pellet bin from which pellets are conveyed into the solid fuel storage via an air flow conveying unit, for example at intervals.

The solid fuel can be biomass. Biomass pellets, in particular wood pellets, are particularly easy to convey. In order to achieve a continuous and energy-efficient combustion process, it is advantageous if the radiant heater has a conveying device for conveying solid fuel to the firing unit. In this way, for example, a decreasing fuel level and thus a changing combustion can be avoided. The conveyor may extend from the solid fuel storage to the burner unit. Particularly suitable is a screw conveyor with a screw conveyor in a conveyor tube, in which the solid fuel is either directly conveyed to the firing unit by a rotation of the screw conveyor or can be conveyed to such a location, from which the solid fuel can fall into the firing unit.

In order to achieve a high thermal radiation power of the radiant heater, it is advantageous if the hot flue gas in the emission unit is so hot that it is visible as flames. In this respect, it is advantageous if the firing unit is arranged below the emission unit in such a way that during normal operation of the heat radiator, flames from the firing unit strike from below into the emission unit. Expediently, the flames rise in the emission unit and are visible from the outside through the transparent emission unit. As a result, in addition to the positive thermal effect also a pleasant visual effect of a visible fire can be achieved.

When using the radiant heater as a mobile radiant heater, it is advantageous if in the lower region as much weight or a high proportion by weight of the radiant heater is present in total, so that a good stability of the radiant heater is achieved. For this purpose, it is beneficial if the solid fuel storage below the Burning unit is located. The weight of the fuel storage can contribute to the stability of a state of the radiant heater. Conveniently, the delivery unit is such that it promotes the solid fuel from the solid fuel storage to a burner plate of the combustion unit, so that the solid fuel can fall on the fuel plate, for example, is dropped obliquely from above onto the fuel plate. Also possible is a Unterschubfeuerung in which the solid fuel is conveyed from below through an opening of the burner plate on this.

The radiant heater can be a stationary radiant heater. Conveniently, however, he is a mobile radiant heater, which is manually portable as a whole, so that it can be offset by a simple rolling, carrying or moving without its function is impaired. Such displacement is expediently also possible during normal operation of the radiant heater.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the burner unit has a burner and a burner housing, wherein the burner completely encloses a combustion chamber radially and the burner housing completely encloses the burner radially. By such an at least radial bivalve embodiment, a heat transfer from the burner can be limited to an environment of the radiant heater in the region of the burner. As a result, the safety of the radiant heater can be increased. The axial direction can in this case be referred to an axis of the firing unit and in particular of the radiant heater as a whole, which can run longitudinally through the firing unit and in particular through the emission unit, in particular in the center. The axial direction is expediently directed vertically upwards, so that the radial directions lie in the horizontal.

Burning solid fuel produces ash which must be removed from the firing unit. While an automatic discharge of the ash into an ash container is common in stationary systems, it may be sufficient in the mobile area when the ash is removed manually from the firing unit. This can be done for example by a sweeping or sucking. After a longer operation of the radiant heater, however, it may be that the ash is still very hot and in particular still has glowing particles in its interior. At the sweeping and in particular the suction therefore high demands are placed on the equipment.

Such requirements can be dispensed with if the firing unit is detachably mounted in a housing in such a way that the firing unit for discharging ash is tool-free removable from the housing. The firing unit can be removed manually from the housing and emptied into an ash box, for example. For this purpose, the firing unit expediently comprises an upper opening which faces the emission unit. If the firing unit is removed from the housing and turned upside down, the ash can fall from the firing plate through the upper opening and, for example, into an ash pan.

Another possibility is that the firing unit has a lateral fuel injection opening and the firing unit is tilted so that the ash falls out of the fuel injection opening. The firing unit is thus tilted laterally by 90 degrees, for example, so that the ash falls onto a side wall in which the fuel injection opening lies and then falls out through it. This procedure has the advantage that the ash can be removed even with a two-shell combustion unit assembly.

If the burner housing on the side of the fuel injection opening has an opening from the intermediate space between the combustion unit and the burner housing to the outside, the ash from this intermediate space can be emptied through these openings. It is then emptied not only the combustion chamber but also the gap. Generally speaking, it is advantageous if the firing unit has an ash collecting space which can be emptied by tilting the firing unit. The ash collecting space may in this case be part of the combustion chamber and / or a gap between a burner and a burner housing enclosing this radially.

In order to facilitate removal of the firing unit from a housing of the radiant heater, it is advantageous if the firing unit has a handle. The handle is expediently a unit which protrudes radially from a burner, or a burner housing as far as possible, so that the firing unit can be gripped without touching the burner and possibly if present the burner housing.

For easy removal of the firing unit, it is advantageous if the firing unit is plugged into a fixing unit in its operating position. The firing unit can be detached by a removal from the mounting unit, which is expediently tool-free possible. The attachment unit may for this purpose have a bolt and a sleeve which is attached to the bolt. Also, several such attachment units are possible.

During operation, the burning unit gets very hot. In order to avoid excessive heat transfer even downwards, it is advantageous if the firing unit is arranged in a housing with a housing bottom in such a way that a bottom the combustion unit is spaced down to the housing bottom by air, in particular is completely spaced by air. It can thereby be avoided too much heat on, for example, a solid fuel storage. Such a spacing can be easily achieved if the firing unit hangs on a burner suspension, for example one or more fastening units. On a standing, so supporting down and thus on a large heat transfer down, can be dispensed with.

In order to achieve a good combustion in the combustion unit, it is advantageous if combustion air can flow radially as possible into all sides in a combustion chamber. This can be achieved particularly effectively if the firing unit has a burner and a burner housing and an air feed opens into an intermediate space between burner and burner housing, so that during operation combustion air can be blown into the intermediate space. Through openings in the burner, the combustion air from the gap can get into the combustion chamber and so fuel the combustion. The burner expediently has an inner housing which is arranged within the burner housing. The intermediate space is expediently accessible to the outside only by the air supply through the burner housing or connected only in this way to the outside. Inwardly, the intermediate space is expediently connected to the combustion chamber only via air openings in the inner housing.

The air openings may be primary air openings and possibly additional secondary air openings, wherein the secondary air openings are expediently above the primary air openings. The secondary air openings are advantageously arranged in a radially tapered region of the combustion chamber or the combustion unit. The secondary air inlets may be in a transition region between the firing unit and the emission unit.

The primary air openings may be holes in the burner inner housing, whose hole axis is expediently aligned eccentrically to the burner axis. The hole axes are in particular all arranged at the same angle to the radial direction of the burner, so all aim at the same distance past the burner axis. The radial direction here is in each case the direction from the hole center perpendicular to the burner axis. The angle can be between 20 ° and 60 °. It can be achieved an air flow into the burner, which forms a vortex around the burner axis, so that a good combustion is achieved. The same can also apply to the secondary openings.

Advantageously, the radiant heater is equipped with a blower unit comprising a blower for blowing ambient air into the firing unit.

The blower unit may be connected to a positive pressure space having one or more air outlets. An air outlet expediently leads into an intermediate space between burner and burner housing of the firing unit. The connection can be made via an air supply, for example an air chamber or an air hose. A direct connection, for example through an opening in a plate, is possible. The connection between fan unit and pressure chamber can be done by an air duct, such as an air duct or an air hose. It is also possible that the air outlet is connected to the conveyor for blowing air into the conveyor. A combination is also possible, so that a plurality of air outlets are present, for example in the intermediate space and in the conveyor.

When there is a connection between the overpressure chamber and the conveyor, the air outlet expediently opens into a screw chamber in which a screw conveyor is arranged. Air can be blown from the conveyor into a combustion chamber, so that a burn-back in the conveyor is counteracted.

During prolonged operation of the radiant heater, the burning unit can become very hot, so that there is a risk of burns to the outside. This can be counteracted if the firing unit is arranged in a housing with a housing bottom under the firing unit and a housing cover over the firing unit and in housing cover and / or housing bottom one or more openings are present, through the air from a housing space to the firing unit upwards leave the housing space or air can flow from below into the housing space. As a result, air cooling of the firing unit can be achieved.

Another possibility for cooling is that the housing has an air supply, so that cooling air can flow from the air supply through the housing space for cooling the combustion unit. The air supply may be an open housing area, or an opening which is connected directly to a blower unit, for example via an air hose, or via a pressure-chamber.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the radiant heater has at least one electrical unit and a power supply unit for supplying the unit with electrical energy. The power supply unit expediently comprises a rechargeable battery, so that a cable-free operation of the radiant heater possible becomes. As a result, a risk of tripping, especially in outdoor operation, counteracted.

In order to achieve a good stability of the radiant heater, it is advantageous if it has a foot unit for mobile support on a floor. The foot unit expediently contains a foot housing which encloses a housing space in which a power supply unit, for example a rechargeable battery, is arranged.

Further, it is advantageous if the radiant heater has an electrical interface for connection to an electrical power supply from the outside. For example, a rechargeable battery can be recharged to a power outlet via a cable connection. In the case of operation of a plurality of radiant heaters, it is advantageous if a further electrical interface for series connection of two or more radiant heaters is present in the radiant heater. In this way, several radiant heaters can be supplied from a power outlet.

An elaborate handling of cables can be simplified if the radiant heater has a cable unit for the variable removal of an electrical cable, for example a cable drum. The cable unit is advantageously arranged in a Fußgehäuseraum.

The invention also relates to a method for heating by means of radiant heat, is burned in the solid fuel in a combustion unit of a radiant heater and combustion heat is discharged with a radiating unit in the vicinity of the radiant heater.

It is proposed that according to the invention hot combustion gas is passed through a flue of the emission unit and emits combustion heat there to the emission unit.

Advantageously, the solid fuel is conveyed by means of a conveying device of the radiant heater from a solid fuel storage to the firing unit, in particular automatically.

The description of advantageous embodiments of the invention given so far contains numerous features that are summarized in several dependent claims in several groups. However, these features may conveniently be considered individually and summarized into meaningful further combinations, particularly in terms of claims, so that a single feature of a dependent claim may be combined with a single, several or all features of another dependent claim. In addition, these features can be combined individually and in any suitable combination both with the method according to the invention and with the device according to the invention according to the independent claims. Thus, process features are also objectively formulated as a property of the corresponding device unit and functional device features also as corresponding process features.

The above-described characteristics, features and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the embodiments, which will be described in more detail in conjunction with the drawings. The embodiments serve to illustrate the invention and do not limit the invention to the combination of features specified therein, not even with respect to functional features. In addition, suitable features can be used also considered explicitly isolated from each embodiment, removed from one embodiment, incorporated into another embodiment to supplement it and / or combined with any of the claims.

FIG 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines Heizstrahlers und ein daraus sichtbares Funktionsprinzip,

FIG 2

eine konkrete erste Ausführung eines Heizstrahlers,

FIG 3

eine Brenneinheit an einem oberen Ende einer Fördereinrichtung zum Fördern von Festbrennstoff,

FIG 4

einen Verbrennungsluftantrieb an einer Verbrennungsluftzuführung,

FIG 5

eine weitere Ausführung eines Heizstrahlers,

FIG 6

den Heizstrahler aus FIG 5 in einem Querschnitt von oben und

FIG 7

den Heizstrahler aus FIG 5 in einem Längsschnitt von der Seite.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic representation of a radiant heater and a functional principle visible from it,

FIG. 2

a concrete first embodiment of a radiant heater,

FIG. 3

a firing unit at an upper end of a conveyor for conveying solid fuel,

FIG. 4

a combustion air drive to a combustion air supply,

FIG. 5

another embodiment of a radiant heater,

FIG. 6

the radiant heater off FIG. 5 in a cross section from above and

FIG. 7

the radiant heater off FIG. 5 in a longitudinal section from the side.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a radiant heater 2 with a firing unit 4 and an emission unit 6 for radiating heat of combustion in the environment. Further, the radiant heater 2 comprises a solid fuel storage 8, optionally, a conveyor 10 is provided with the solid fuel from the solid fuel storage 8 of the combustion unit 4 is supplied.

The radiant heater 2 may be a stationary radiant heater 2, which is screwed for example to a floor, or a mobile radiant heater 2. In a mobile radiant heater 2, a transport unit 12 is advantageous, which forms a supporting structure for all other units of the mobile radiant heater 2, so the entire mobile radiant heater 2 can be raised and / or moved on the transport unit 12, for example. In order to achieve a simple transportability, the radiant heater 2 without solid fuel weighs a total of less than 100 kg, in particular less than 70 kg, so that a manual lifting by, for example, 2 people is readily possible. Also advantageous are wheels 26, as in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 are shown by way of example, so that the radiant heater 2 can be easily moved manually, possibly even during its regular operation. Its mobile radiator 2 gets its mobility insofar by its compact design, its low weight and in particular by the optionally present transport unit 12. In this way, the mobile radiant heater 2, for example, by hand over a distance of several meters by a single person to be transported. The entire construction of the mobile radiant heater 2 is in this case such that a movement of the transport unit 12 moves the entire mobile radiant heater 2, which in this case a stability for a harmless tilting of at least 30 ° to a regular operating orientation, for example, a vertical axis designed.

A good combustion is also an optional unit system 14 with one or more electrical units, such as one or more electric drives, a control unit and / or a sensor unit with one or more sensors. The aggregate system 14 is shown schematically in FIG FIG. 1 shown only as a rectangular box. However, it is possible that the aggregate system 14 a plurality of units, such as drives, which can be arranged at remote locations within the radiant heater 2. A spatially connected arrangement, like the box of the aggregate system 14 FIG. 1 Suggested is not necessary.

Two arrows sign in FIG. 1 a combustion air supply 16, wherein one of the arrows, for example, the straight and centered arrow, a primary air supply and the other arrow, for example, the curved arrow, a secondary air supply and / or an alternative primary air supply indicate.

By an optionally existing ash removal 18, the ash removal from the firing unit 4 can be simplified. It is also possible to design the ash removal 18 as part of the firing unit 4, so that, for example, the firing unit 4 can be removed from a surrounding housing and used as ash removal 18.

An optional chimney 20 serves as a flue gas outlet in the environment and especially as a catcher for fly ash. For this purpose, it expediently contains an ash collecting container 22, in which most of the flue ash passing through the chimney 20 is captured and deposited.

In the presentation off FIG. 1 the essential units of the radiant heater 2 are shown schematically. The spatial arrangement of the units to each other is not fixed here and can be from the in FIG. 1 differing embodiment shown. So it is for example possible and advantageous if the conveyor 10 does not promote the fuel from below into the firing unit 4 but obliquely from above, so that the solid fuel, for example, on a Brennteller or a Feuerungsmulde is dropped. This is in the example FIG. 6 shown.

Also, the emission unit 6 need not be arranged vertically, but may also be oblique or designed as a wall with a greater width than height. It can be designed as a straight or curved surface and generally arbitrary in shape. Particularly in the case of a design as or in the case of a wall, a reflector 23 is advantageous, which bundles the heat radiated by the emitting unit 6 into a desired direction.

For heating an environment of the mobile radiant heater 2 solid fuel from the solid fuel storage 8 is conveyed by means of the conveyor 10 to the burner unit 4 and burned there. Combustion gases are produced in the firing unit 4 and are guided through the emission unit 6. In the following, combustion gases are referred to simply as flue gases and, depending on the temperature, also include flames which protrude into the emission unit 6, possibly passing completely through them.

By the hot flue gases, the emission unit 6 is heated and in turn radiates heat in the environment of the mobile radiant heater 2 from. The radiated heat results from components of the radiation unit 6, which radiate heat through their temperature, such as a so-called black radiator known from physics. Depending on the temperature of the components, these light up completely or partially to orange-glowing, so that in addition to the infrared radiation mentioned, visible radiation is added. Heat energy is also radiated directly by flames in the emission unit 6, which penetrate directly through it with a transparency of the emission unit 6.

The cooled in the emission unit 6 flue gases are guided into the environment of the mobile radiant heater 2, for example, through the chimney 20. In this case, part of the combustion heat generated in the combustion unit 4 is discharged via the emission unit 6 as radiant heat into the environment. The emission unit 6 lights up glowingly, in particular in its lower area.

The flue gas produced in the firing unit 4 is advantageously guided upwards through the emission unit 6. As a result, the buoyancy of the hot flue gas causes a natural draft, by means of which combustion air can be sucked from below into the firing unit 4. Such a natural train is already sufficient for a good combustion, so that a flame temperature of 800 ° C to 900 ° C in the firing unit 4 can be achieved.

If higher flame temperatures are to be achieved, an aggregate-driven combustion air feed 16 is advantageous. For this example, a blower unit in the unit system 14 is present with a blower, such as a radial fan or axial fan. By the blower unit combustion air, for example, in the overpressure operation, promoted to the firing unit 4 and can reinforce any existing natural train. Flame temperatures of 1000 ° C to 1400 ° C are possible. Depending on the flow direction of the flue gas can be dispensed with the natural draft, so that the combustion gases are supplied only by an aggregate-driven combustion air supply of the combustion unit 4.

Instead of an overpressure operation, a negative pressure operation is possible, so that combustion air is sucked through a negative pressure in the combustion unit 4 in this. For this can the aggregate system 14 comprises an induced draft fan which establishes the negative pressure in the firing unit 4 and expediently maintains the flue gas flow driven by the emptying unit 6 under pressure. The induced draft fan is advantageously arranged downstream of the combustion unit 4 and in particular downstream of the emission unit 6.

For a unit-driven combustion air supply, a primary air supply is sufficient. Here, combustion air is expediently blown from the inside into a flame area, so that the flame area surrounds the combustion air outlet. An optional secondary air supply is conducive to more complete combustion. In this case, secondary air is blown into a higher area of the flame area, expediently from the outside into the flame area. Primary air and secondary air can in this case be guided into the firing unit 4 via a common air feed or via separate channels and by a fan together or in each case a separate fan can be generated.

The aggregate system 14 has one or more drive motors for one or more units. In this case, one or more blowers, one or more drives of the conveyor 10 and / or one or more holding magnets for holding a combustion chamber flap can be driven by a motor.

In the following figures, individual units of several mobile radiant heaters 2 are shown in more detail and in different variants. Various details of the variants are interchangeable here. In order not to have to carry out several times already described, all features of a previously described unit are generally adopted in a subsequent description of the same unit, without they are described again unless features are presented as differences from the preceding description.

In addition, apart from the firing unit 4, the emission unit 6 and the memory 8, all units can optionally be seen which individually or in any combination can supplement the mobile radiant heater 2 in a variant and can also be exchanged between the different variants of the radiant heaters 2. In addition, substantially identical components are numbered with the same reference numerals. For ease of understanding also similar components in different versions with the same reference numerals and other reference letters are designated, wherein units with the same reference numerals are interchangeable. In this way, a combination of a mobile radiant heater 2 is to be represented with units of different reference letters. If a reference numeral alone without a reference letter is mentioned, such as FIG. 1 , so all the corresponding units are addressed.

FIG. 2 shows in each case a possible embodiment of a plurality of units of the mobile radiant heater 2, which are shown for the sake of intuition to a mobile radiant heater 2a assembled. Thus, a possible variation of a transport unit 12a, a solid fuel storage 8a, a conveyor 10a, a firing unit 4a, an ash removal 18a, an emission unit 6a, a downwardly directed reflector 23a and a chimney 20a is shown.

The transport unit 12a out FIG. 2 has a supporting structure 24, which is designed with a wheel or a roller 26 for transporting the mobile radiant heater 2a in a rolling manner. A roller-free stand 28 prevents unwanted rolling away of the mobile radiant heater 2a. At the bearing Construction 24, the entire mobile radiant heater 2a can be raised, for example by means of a forklift, which drives its forks into a cavity between roller 26 and stand 28. Lifting by hand is also possible, this is a handle 30 attached to the supporting structure 24. The handle 30 may be designed to roll on only one side or to lift and carry the mobile radiant heater 2a on both sides. The supporting structure 24 holds in it the reservoir 8a, the conveyor 10a and the aggregate system 14a, and expediently also the firing unit 4a and the ash discharge 18a. On or in the supporting structure 24, the emission unit 6 is mounted.

Regardless of its embodiment, the mobile radiant heater 2 can be fired with biomass pellets. These are easily available and easy to promote. In this respect, the solid fuel storage 8 is expediently a pellet storage. The memory 8 can be designed to taper downwards, for example tapering downwards or vice versa pyramidal. At its lower end, a feed inlet of the conveyor 10 may be arranged, in which the pellets fall from above or are pressed in from the side, as shown by way of example in FIG FIG. 2 you can see. Inside or outside the solid fuel storage 8, the conveyor 10 may be positioned, for example, symmetrically within the solid fuel storage 8, as exemplified in FIG FIG. 2 you can see. In this way, fuel, such as pellets, can penetrate around into the conveyor 10 or its entrance. The solid fuel storage 8 has expediently at the top in its upper region an opening for filling solid fuel.

The firing unit 4 may have a burning surface, such as a firing grid, a burning plate or a firing pit, on which the solid fuel is burned. The firing surface may be disposed at an upper end of the conveyor 10, in particular at a underfeed firing, or below an outlet of the conveyor 10, as shown in FIG FIG. 6 is shown.

FIG. 3 shows the firing unit 4a FIG. 2 in an enlarged and detailed representation. A firing trough 32 widens conically or pyramidally upwards, so that when the pellets enter from below, a firing area which increases in size increases upwards. In the center of the firing trough 32, a primary air outlet 34 is arranged, through which primary combustion air can flow into the flame area 36 of the firing unit 4a.

The conveyor 10 a is designed with a screw conveyor 38 which runs on a shaft 40 and within a conveyor tube 42. Feuerungsmulde 32 and delivery pipe 42 may be made in one piece, in particular the delivery pipe 42 goes up to the hearth 32 and widens into the hearth 32. By a rotational movement of the shaft 40, pellets are conveyed within the conveyor tube 42 from bottom to top and transported to the Feuerungsmulde 32.

The shaft 40 may be a hollow shaft into which primary combustion air is injected from below through the engine system 14. The hollow shaft 40 has in the region of the hearth 32 openings 44 which connects the cavity of the hollow shaft 40 with the flame region 36 on or within the hearth 32. The openings 44 are aligned laterally, so that the primary combustion air flows out laterally from the hollow shaft 40, especially all around. At the top, the hollow shaft 40 is closed.

A blower unit 46 of the unit system 14a is in FIG. 4 shown schematically. The conveyor 10 includes a combustion air duct through which combustion air is blown from the combustion air drive 46 into a flame area 36 in the firing unit 4. The combustion air duct may pass through the shaft 40 of the conveyor 10a. The combustion air drive 46 includes a radial fan or an axial fan whose fan output is connected to the hollow shaft 40. In this way, primary combustion air from the combustion air drive 46 is blown into the inner cavity of the hollow shaft 40. Further, the aggregate system 14a comprises a drive 47 for rotating the shaft 40 and thus the worm 38. The shaft 40 is mounted in the supporting structure 24.

Like from the FIGS. 2 and 4 can be seen, the combustion unit 4a comprises a combustion chamber 48 which surrounds the flame region 36. Towards the top, the combustion chamber 48 is open and opens into a flue 50, which is already part of the emission unit 6 at its lower end or only in the further course. To guide the hot combustion gas, the upwardly open ceiling 52 of the combustion chamber 48 is tapered towards the top, so that their opening is further down than above and the hot flue gas a rejuvenation distance for acceleration into the flue 50 remains.

The hot flue gas passes through the flue 50 in a main flow direction 54, which in the embodiment shown FIG. 2 runs vertically upwards. For enclosing the hot flue gas, the flue 50 comprises a wall 56, on the inside of which flows the hot flue gas. The Wall 56 of the flue 50 is thereby heated and radiates the heat as radiant heat to the outside. The wall 56 may be formed of sheet metal or glass, wherein the design of glass has the advantage that radiant heat from the flue gas or the flames can pass through the wall 56 directly, so that more heat can be radiated even in a small fire.

To improve the heat flow from the flue gas to the outside, a turbulator 58 is disposed within the wall 56 and the flue 50, respectively. An example of a turbulator 58a is shown in FIG FIG. 2 indicated schematically. The turbulator 58a is equipped with swirl elements 60a, which in the example FIG. 2 oblique vortex elements 60a in the form of vortex plates are where the hot flue gas flows along and is swirled by them. As a result, get hotter inner flows within the flue 50 to the wall 56 and there heat to the wall 56 from. Between the wall 56 and the turbulator 58 and the vortex elements 60a, an air gap is present, in particular around the turbulator 58, so that the hot flue gases can flow without high pressure loss on the wall 56 in the main flow direction 54 and the outside of the vortex elements 60a.

To operate the mobile radiant heater 2 pellets are entered into the pellet storage 8. By a rotation of the screw 38, these are conveyed from bottom to top in the firing unit 4. The firing of the pellets may be done by hand, for example with a grill lighter, or automatically with a lighter, such as a hot air lighter, by heating air by means of electrical energy above the flame temperature of pellets and blowing between them. By the blower unit 46, primary air is blown into the area of a burner plate, such as the Feuerungsmulde 32, so that the pellets be fanned. With a temperature sensor, which can be arranged in the firing unit 4 or within the emission unit 6, a flame temperature or flue gas temperature is measured. On the basis of the measured values, a conveying motor can be controlled and thus the delivered amount of fuel per time can be set.

The hot flue gas produced by the combustion flows upward through the opening of the ceiling 52 of the combustion chamber 48 into the emission unit 6 and flows along the wall 56, being swirled by the turbulator 58. It gives off part of its heat energy to the wall 56 and the turbulator 58, which becomes red or orange glowing in its lower region. In the course of the flow path, on average in the main flow direction 54, through the emission unit 6 or the flue gas 50, the flue gas cools down further, reaches the chimney 20 and leaves the mobile radiant heater 2 through it. The fly ash entrained by the flue gas is largely separated in the ash collecting tank 22.

The emission unit 6 emits the predominant part of its energy as radiant heat radially outward. To protect against burns, it includes outside the wall 56, a protective unit 62, for example, a protective grid 62 a, which surrounds the wall 56 of the flue 50 radially all around. At the top, the emitting unit 6a is adjacent by a reflector 22a, which reflects radiation radiating upward, so that less radiant heat is lost upward.

FIG. 5 shows a further radiant heater 2b with a supporting structure 24b, a radiation unit 6b, which is radially surrounded by a protection unit 62b, and a chimney 20b above the radiation unit 6b. Wheels 26 serve a manual Transport, so that the mobile radiant heater 2b is easy to move, for example, a terrace of a gastronomic operation.

Also to be seen are two electrical interfaces 64 and a cable unit 66, for example in the form of a cable drum, at one of the interfaces 64. The interfaces 64 are electrical plugs, with a male plug and a female plug being present to connect a plurality of radiant heaters in series 2 to allow. For example, the right electrical interface 64 is a commercially available Male plug for plugging into a standard building electrical outlet. The left interface 64 may be a female plug, so for example, a socket into which a plug of another radiant heater 2 can be inserted. The two electrical interfaces 64 are electrically connected to each other, so that the power supply can be passed through the mobile radiant heater 2 to the adjacent radiant heater. 2

FIG. 6 shows the mobile radiant heater 2b in a cross section from above and FIG. 7 shows the mobile radiant heater 2b in a longitudinal section from the side. The position of the other cross section is indicated in both figures by the dashed line. Shown in both figures, the supporting structure 24b and the solid fuel storage 8b. In order to fill this easier with solid fuel, especially pellets, is an in FIG. 7 shown removable back wall 68 so that the solid fuel storage 8b is easily accessible, as shown FIG. 6 you can see.

Also visible is the conveyor 10b with the auger 38 and a firing unit 4b connected to the conveyor 10b. In FIG. 7 is additionally the emission unit 6b with the protection unit arranged around it 62b to recognize. On the emitting unit 6b, the chimney 20b is arranged with an ash collecting tank 22b.

The protection unit 62b is in FIG. 5 represented as a transparent unit, through which the emission unit 6b is visible. In general, the protection unit 62 can be a grid, for example a wire mesh, a perforated plate with a sufficient number or sufficiently large openings, or another metallic protective unit as possible, by means of which the heat energy radiated radially outwards by the emitting unit 6 can easily be transmitted. Here, the protection unit 62 should heat as little as possible in order to represent a source of danger when touched.

In the case of the radiant heater 2b, the firing unit 4b is particularly easily removable from a housing 70 which partially surrounds the firing unit 4b. In FIG. 7 the firing unit 4b is shown in duplicate. On the right, it is mounted inside the housing 70 in the radiant heater 2b. On the left, it is taken out and turned upside down, so that its collected ashes can be poured into an ash container 72, for example a metallic bucket. For this purpose, the firing unit 4b contains a handle 74, on which the firing unit 4b can be easily removed from the housing 70. The ash falls out of the firing unit 4b through a filler neck 92 and an opening 94 in the burner housing 84. When turned upside down, the ash falls out of it through an upper opening 95 of the firing unit 4b. Should ash have collected in a gap 116 between the burner housing 84 and the inner housing of the burner 86 because it has come into operation through primary air openings 118 or secondary air openings 120, the ash may exit through the lower openings 100 from the space 116.

In the presentation off FIG. 6 the suspension of the firing unit 4b in the housing 70 is shown. The firing unit 4b is suspended from a burner hanger 76, from which it is in the in FIG. 6 can be deducted by an arrow 78 direction shown. For this purpose, the burner mounting 76 expediently comprises one or better two bolts 80 onto which a respective sleeve 82 is pushed. At the in FIG. 6 illustrated embodiment, the bolts 80 fixed to the housing and the sleeves 82 are fixed to the combustion unit, which is vice versa possible.

The suspension 76 expediently attacks above the center of gravity of the combustion unit 4b, so that it can hang down stable. To prevent accidental slipping, the bolt 80 may for example have a thickening over which the sleeve 82 is pushed only with an additional force. A lack of this force prevents unwanted slipping. Also possible is a shaping of bolt 80 and sleeve 82 such that the firing unit 4 is pushed down and remains due to gravity in its operating position or even pressed into the operating position. The firing unit 4b is held securely in place by means of a positive connection with a housing-fixed element, for example by a lever which engages behind the housing-fixed element, wherein the rear grip can be released by a movement of the lever.

As in cross section FIG. 6 can be seen, the firing unit 4b is formed bivalves. A burner housing 84 encloses a burner 86, which in turn encloses an inner combustion chamber 88 through an inner housing. With this structure, the burning unit 4b can be kept relatively cool outside. In order to keep the heat transfer to the housing 70 low, the burner housing 84 is radially to the side and to the front of the Housing 70 spaced. In addition, the burner housing 84 is spaced axially downwardly from a housing bottom 90, as seen from FIG. 7 you can see. The burner housing 84 is dependent on the burner mounting 76 above the housing bottom 90 and is completely separated from the housing bottom 90 by an air layer down completely. As a result, the housing bottom 90 remains relatively cool, and combustion on the housing bottom 90 by a contact is counteracted.

For further cooling of the firing unit 4b, it is located in such a way that it is cooled by a stream of air flowing convectively around it. As in FIG. 7 can be seen, the housing 70 is radially closed around the firing unit 4b, so that can form a heat accumulation within the housing 70, which in turn strongly heats the housing 70. In order to prevent combustion on the housing 70, a housing cover 91 above the combustion unit 4b is provided with openings 93, through which the ambient air heated by the combustion unit 4b can leave the housing interior of the housing 70 upwards. It enters the room around the radiation unit 6b. Bottom of the combustion chamber bottom 90 is also provided with openings 97, as in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 you can see. This allows an air flow to flow through the interior of the housing 70 from bottom to top and cool the firing unit 4b. The air flow can be formed convectively and / or by an overpressure generated under the housing 70, for example in the solid fuel reservoir 8b.

In order to avoid injury during operation of the radiant heater 2b, the housing 70 is closed by the firing unit 4b towards the front through a flap 99. This is kept closed during operation of the radiant heater 2b in addition to a lock of an electric holding magnet 101 which is supplied during operation of the radiant heater 2b with power and the flap by the current flow, for example in a coil generated magnetic force holds firmly on the housing 70. Only when the operation is interrupted, the magnetic force of the holding magnet 101 by the interruption of the current decreases, and the flap 99 can be opened.

The burner 86 includes a filler neck 92 which extends to an opening 94 of the conveyor unit 10b. The solid fuel conveyed upwards by the delivery unit 10b falls through the opening 94 into the filling nozzle 92 and from there into the combustion chamber 88 or onto a burning plate 96 at the lower end of the combustion chamber 88. An opening 98 of the conveying device 10b coincides with the opening 94 the burner housing 84, the in FIG. 7 is visible in the removed form of the firing unit 4b. Further, the burner housing 84 includes two air ducts 100 below in the burner housing 84, which in FIG. 7 are shown for better understanding, although they are in itself below the cutting plane and thus would not be visible.

At the top, the firing unit 4b is provided with an opening 95, which adjoins the emission unit 6b from below. In this way, formed in the combustion chamber 88 hot flue gases 102 as indicated by the dashed arrows in FIG. 6 is shown, from the combustion chamber 8 through the opening 95 directly into the interior of the emission unit 6b and from there into the chimney 20b, where they flow through the ash collecting 22b and leave through openings 104 the chimney 20b.

How out FIG. 6 can be seen, the radiating unit 6b is constructed with two shells. In an outer wall 56, which is formed for example by a glass tube, an inner turbulator 58b is arranged, which in this case also has the function of a flame bundling. The turbulator 58b may also be referred to as a flame tube. The flame tube is a metallic tube, such as a perforated plate having a plurality of holes, through which the flue gas 102 may enter the gap 106 between the wall 56 and the turbulator 58b. Also possible is a wire mesh from a rolled into a tube wire mesh - below is not interposed between the grid and braid. It is also possible a combination of, for example, a perforated plate having covered with a wire mesh openings. It is also possible in this case, in addition to a tube made of a perforated plate, a tube made of a wire mesh, in which the wire mesh can be positioned inside or outside lying on the metal tube. Outwardly it has the advantage that the fast flow of the flue gas 102 is less braked within the flame tube. Inside, the optics of the Flammbündelrohrs is more beautiful.

In general, the transparency of the emission unit 6 can be provided by the glass tube 66 and / or apertures in the flame tube 68, wherein the emission unit 6 can comprise the glass tube 66 and / or the flame tube 68. Depending on the nature of the flame bundle tube can be dispensed with the glass tube to the flame tube, so that the flame tube is the outer tube, in particular the only flue gas pipe leading the emission unit. This is particularly possible in an embodiment of the flame tube of a wire mesh, since the leakage of flue gas from the wire mesh can be kept low here.

For operation of the radiant heater 2b, the fuel reservoir 8 is filled with solid fuel, for example pellets. The fuel is conveyed with the conveyor unit 10 in the firing unit 4 until a desired level is reached. The fuel is in this case promoted by the screw conveyor 38 upwards and falls up through the opening 94 and the nozzle 92 in the firing unit 4b. Alternatively, the firing unit 4b may be partially filled manually with solid fuel. The fuel is then ignited with a firelighter.

For supplying combustion air, a fan 110 is controlled by a control unit 108, which blows air into an overpressure chamber 114 via an air feed 112. The overpressure chamber 114 is disposed directly on the firing unit 4b and has two openings that pass directly into the openings 100 of the firing unit 4b, so that combustion air is blown into the firing unit 4b.

The combustion air passes into a gap 116 between the burner 86 and the burner housing 84, which extends radially around the burner 86, so that there is an overpressure in this intermediate space 116 relative to the environment. From this intermediate space 116, the combustion air presses through primary air openings 118 below and secondary air openings 120 further up in the inner housing of the burner 86 in its interior or combustion chamber 88 and there fights the combustion.

In order to counteract a burn-back in the conveyor 10b, the overpressure chamber 114 is connected to a further air outlet 122 in the conveyor 10b, so that combustion air flows from the conveyor 10b through the filler neck 92 into the combustion chamber 88 of the burner unit 4b.

The supporting structure 24b has a foot unit 124 with which it stands on a floor. The foot unit 124 has a foot housing 126 which encloses several electrical units rainproof, such as a conveyor motor 128, which drives the worm 38 via a gear 130, or the fan 110. To supply the units with electrical energy, the radiant heater 2 has a power supply unit 132nd on the for example, includes a battery. This lies on the floor of the foot housing 126, so that the center of gravity of the radiant heater 2 is as low as possible and thus it is stable. The power supply unit 132 is connected by cables to both the power supply units and to an interface 64 for connection to a power grid for recharging the power supply unit 132. The energy content of the power supply unit 132 is sufficient for wireless operation of the radiant heater 2 over a period of 30 Hours, so that a long autonomous operation is possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2, 2a-b

heater

4, 4a-b

burning unit

6, 6a-b

irradiating

8, 8a-b

Solid fuel storage

10, 10a-b

Conveyor

12, 12a-b

transport means

14, 14a

Physical system

16

Combustion air supply

18, 18a

ash removal

20, 20a-b

fireplace

22, 22b

ash collecting

23, 23a

reflector

24, 24a-b

supporting construction

26

role

28

stand

30

handle

32

Feuerungsmulde

34

Primärluftauslass

36

Flash range

38

slug

40

wave

42

delivery pipe

44

opening

46

blower unit

47

drive

48

combustion chamber

50

flue

52

blanket

54

Main flow direction

56

wall

58, 58a-b

turbulator

60, 60a

vertebral element

62, 62a-b

protection unit

64

electrical interface

66

cable unit

68

rear wall

70

casing

72

ash container

74

handle

76

torch attachment

78

arrow

80

bolt

82

sleeve

84

burner housing

86

burner

88

combustion chamber

90

caseback

91

housing cover

92

filling

93

opening

94

opening

95

opening

96

burner plate

97

opening

98

opening

99

flap

100

opening

101

holding magnet

102

flue gas

104

opening

106

gap

108

control unit

110

fan

112

air supply

114

Hyperbaric chamber

116

gap

118

Primary air openings

120

Secondary air ports

122

air outlet

124

foot unit

126

base housing

128

feed motor

130

transmission

132

Power supply unit

Claims (15)

Mobile radiant heater (2) having a burning unit (4) for burning solid fuel, a solid fuel reservoir (8), a transparent emission unit (6) for radiating combustion heat into the environment, a flue (50) directed upwards by the emission unit (6 ), and a conveyor (10) for conveying solid fuel to the firing unit (4). Mobile radiant heater (2) according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the solid fuel reservoir (8b) lies below the firing unit (4b) and the delivery unit (10b) conveys the solid fuel from the solid fuel reservoir (8b) to above a firing disc (96) of the firing unit (4b) so that the solid fuel obliquely projects from above onto the firing disc (96) is dropped. Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that the burner unit (4b) has a burner (86) and a burner housing (84), the burner (86) enclosing a combustion space (88) completely radially and the burner housing (84) enclosing the burner (86) completely radially. Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the firing unit (4b) is detachably fastened in a housing (70) in such a way that the firing unit (4b) can be removed from the housing (70) without tools for emptying ash. Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the firing unit (4b) is placed in its operating position on a fixing unit (76) and is releasable from this tool by pulling off. Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the firing unit (4b) is arranged in a housing (70) with a housing bottom (90) in such a way that a bottom (96) of the firing unit (4b) is completely separated from the housing bottom (90) by air. Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the combustion unit (4b) has a burner (86) and a burner housing (84) and an air feed opens into a gap (116) between the burner (86) and the burner housing (84), so that during operation combustion air is introduced into the intermediate space (116). is inflatable. Mobile radiant heater (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
in
by a blower (110) for blowing ambient air into the firing unit (4). Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the blower unit (110) with a pressure chamber (114) having a plurality of air outlets, one of which is connected to a gap (116) between the burner (86) and burner housing (84) in the firing unit (4b) and a second with the conveyor (10b) for blowing Air in the conveyor (10b). Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to claim 9,
characterized,
in that the connection (122) between the overpressure chamber (114) and the conveying device (10b) opens into a screw chamber with a conveying screw (38). Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the firing unit (4b) is arranged in a housing (70) with a housing bottom (90) under the firing unit (4b) and a housing cover (91) above the firing unit (4b) and at least the housing cover (91) with openings (93). is provided, can leave through the air from a housing space around the firing unit (4b) up the housing space. Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to claim 11,
characterized,
in that the housing (70) has an air feed, so that cooling air from the air feed through the housing space and the openings (93) in the housing cover (91) can flow to cool the combustion unit (4b) from the outside. Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to one of the preceding claims,
in
by a foot unit (124) for mobile support on a floor with a foot housing (126) which encloses a housing space and in which a power supply unit (132) is arranged. Mobile radiant heater (2b) according to one of the preceding claims,
in
by an electrical interface (64) for connection to an electrical power supply from the outside and a further electrical interface (64) for series connection with a further mobile radiant heater for its power supply. Method for operating a radiant heater (2), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, in which solid fuel in a combustion unit (4) of the radiant heater (2) is burned and combustion heat is emitted with a radiating unit (6) into the surroundings of the radiant heater (2) .
characterized,
in that the solid fuel is conveyed from a solid fuel store (8) to the firing unit (4) by means of a delivery device (10) and hot combustion gas is passed through a smoke flue (50) through the emission unit (6) and emits combustion heat there to the emission unit (6).

Images