EP3603811B1 - Crushing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of fine comminution of solid materials, which can be of different origin and composition and of different degrees of strength. In particular, it can be used for the processing of all kinds of minerals and solid fossil raw materials in the construction, mining, smelting, chemical and other industries, as well as in the production of high-quality cements, concentrated feed, flour and finely ground multi-component mixtures of minerals and powders be used.

The invention is realized in the form of a new method and a special device in which the method is implemented.

With regard to the basic technical content of the invention, the state of the art that comes closest to it is that in the international patent application WO 99/51352 has been published. In this publication, a method is described which includes a comminution of an optionally pre-comminuted raw material (ground material). For the purpose of comminution, discrete radial streams of the material to be comminuted are formed in a plurality of channels extending outwardly from the axis of a device having two counter-rotating rotors in a substantially flat horizontal zone. In the channels, the material flows become one Subjected to centrifugal force and the more or less coarse or fine particles of the material flow hit on their way to the periphery of the rotors crushing elements that are mounted in a ring on the counter-rotating rotors. The material flows between the collisions with the shredding elements are accelerated on their way to the periphery of the rotors. The cross-section (circumferential contour) of the channels between the crushing elements has a closed shape, ie the channel sections rotating with the counter-rotating rotors have walls (are covered) on all sides. The comminution takes place essentially due to the impacts that act on the material to be comminuted on its way to the periphery of the rotors when it hits the comminution elements. In the outermost zone, the comminuted material is discharged from the individual channels between the comminution elements of the outermost ring directly into the housing of the comminution device and discharged from the housing via an outlet opening.

Those in the publication mentioned WO 99/51352 The device shown is a crusher comprising the following components: a housing with an axial inlet and a tangential outlet opening and a substantially cylindrical annular crushing chamber; in the latter two rotors arranged horizontally and coaxially are mounted; these rotors can rotate in counter-rotation and are provided on the inside, ie on the rotor surface facing the respective other rotor, with annularly arranged crushing elements, between which run channel sections which ensure the centrifugal effect; the channels running between the crushing elements of the rotors have a cross-section with a closed contour. On the revelation in the WO 99/51352 is expressly referred to for possible supplementation of the disclosure and clarification of terms with regard to elements that are also used in the present invention.

Without wanting to belittle the advantages of the above-mentioned invention of the prior art (process, plant), it can nevertheless be said that it has a major disadvantage, namely that it uses only a single crushing principle, namely crushing of the material due to the impact effect when it hits the comminution elements of the comminution device (grinding device) rotating in opposite directions with the rotors. This limits the degree of comminution. In order to obtain very fine particles, subsequent further grinding is required in another comminution device that works according to a different comminution method. Therefore, in a method or a plant of the stated prior art, an additional separation (classification) of the ground material into different particle size fractions is generally necessary after the individual grinding operations. As a rule, it is therefore not possible to directly produce very fine particles in a single comminution pass in one and the same comminutor. This increases the investment and energy costs of the system.

For the general state of the art, reference can also be made to the publications RU 2070094 C1, 10.12.1996 or. WO 25/15818 as well as the specialist publication AA Griffith: The phenomenon of rupture and flow in solids, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 221, 1921, pp. 582-593 . Other examples of crushing devices are from RU 2166367 C1 and WO 00/10709 A1 known.

It is the object of the invention described herein, with partial recourse to process and device elements of the prior art mentioned to achieve a very high degree of comminution in one and the same plant, so that either the desired finest particles of a suitable material are obtained directly in one grinding pass, or at least the number of additionally required comminution stages (grinding stages) and classification stages and thus the investment costs of the entire plant and the energy consumption are reduced can become.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a device according to claim 4 realizing this method. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

For a better and proper understanding of the claims and the terms used therein, the content of the following description should be used, which explains preferred embodiments and additional elements and features of the present invention in more detail, particularly with reference to two figures.

In the figures is in figure 1 the vertical partial section represented by an overall view of a comminution device according to the invention, and in figure 2 a section in the plane AA according to figure 1 shown.

The comminution method disclosed herein, in which two different comminution principles are combined in one system or device, serves to solve the above-mentioned task. The material to be crushed is first - essentially as in the prior art - in the form of a two-phase medium (mixture of the material and gas; suspension of the material in a gas phase) in partial flows through radial channels of two counter-rotating grinding elements (rotors) from the axis of the shredder away to its periphery. In the Channels, the respective material flow collides one after the other with shredding elements that are mounted on the counter-rotating rotors. The material flows are accelerated in the radial direction in the channels on the rotors. The channel cross-section (the channel wall) has the shape of a closed contour.

In the method according to the invention, the comminution occurs not only through numerous collisions between the material streams accelerated in the centrifugal direction and comminution elements, but also through multiple collisions between the particles of the gas and material mixture in an outermost annular zone of the rotors, into which the various material streams emerge from the channels , in particular in aerodynamic vortices, which are amplified in the peripheral area of the rotors by additional cavities (blind holes, blind holes) provided in the peripheral zone of the rotors.

Further comminution takes place in an outer ring area (circumferential gap) between the rotors and the housing. According to the invention, additional impact plates are located in this ring area, possibly with variable shape and adjustable angle of inclination. This allows for aerodynamic disruption when particles collide at high frequency, changing particle type, particle size, and force impact. The concentration of the two-phase medium (mixture of gas and material flow) in the housing can be changed with the help of air extraction devices (vents) mounted on the housing of the shredder. This increases the shredding capacity in the final stage before the finished material is discharged from the shredder. Through the interaction of a mechanical and an aerodynamic comminution process in one and the same system, during comminution (when the particles break) inside the housing of the comminution device the state energy (potential energy) of the elastic deformation of the particles (solid fracture mechanics) is converted into heat energy. Accordingly, there is the possibility of not only shredding the material, but also drying it at the same time (if it is too damp).

The comminution process presented makes it possible to combine two different comminution methods, to gradually change and adapt different particle comminution and fracture methods and to combine them in one system.

The change in the crushing process is done by changing the shape of the crushing elements and changing from the aerodynamic method to the mechanical one and vice versa. Accordingly, two different shredding techniques are used in one and the same plant.

In the method disclosed herein, the material to be shredded can be fed in various ways: either in the free flow of material, optionally supported by suction of the material through the inlet opening by generating negative pressure in the housing, or forced by feeding devices of various types (feed conveyors).

The material to be shredded is accelerated from the rotor axis to the periphery by centrifugal forces as the rotors rotate.

The first comminution stage takes place in the ring area of the system disclosed here, which is located near the vertical axis of the rotors or the axial inlet opening. In this area, the particles break brittle as they collide with the crushing elements moving in opposite directions on circular paths.

Further crushing occurs with the help of a series of crushing elements (impact plates) in high-speed collisions in the ring area, which is slightly further from the rotor axis. In relation to the previous crushing zone, it can be referred to as the outer area. Impingement plates of various sizes and configurations are mounted on ring inserts on the facing surfaces of the upper and lower rotors.

This is followed by a further change in the comminution elements and, accordingly, also in the comminution technology. In ring areas, which can also be referred to as areas lying further outside in relation to the preceding zones, numerous material-carrying air streams from the channels of the rotors collide, which causes additional comminution. If shredding is to be continued further, another ring area can be set up. Again, this area can be referred to as the outer area in relation to the preceding zones. In this area, the comminution takes place in aerodynamic vortices that arise in cylindrical cavities or depressions. These cavities are located in the outer ring areas of the rotors, in which there are no longer any channels.

Even further comminution is achieved with additional comminution elements located immediately inside the chamber, on the wall thereof and in an area between the edges of the rotors and the wall. These crushing elements are impact plates whose shape and angle to the chamber wall surface can be changed depending on the strength of the material. The impact plates can be arranged in one row or in several rows one above the other. To the To maximize the productivity of the crusher, devices are installed on the housing for removing air from the rotor surfaces (from the rotor outer surfaces facing the housing) in order to change the concentration of the material in the two-phase medium (the material to be crushed) as required. This leads to a more efficient comminution in the additional outermost ring area.

By combining a mechanical and an aerodynamic shredding method in one and the same system, the state energy (potential energy) of the elastic deformation (solid fracture mechanics) is converted into thermal energy during shredding inside the shredder housing. Accordingly, there is the possibility of not only shredding the material, but also drying it at the same time (if it is too damp).

Depending on the material type, material strength, initial particle size and desired level of comminution, either all of the described comminution and crushing techniques can be used in the appropriate zones, or only two to three of them. In most cases, the transition from one technique to another occurs in the order described.

For the crusher using this technique, it means that the ring areas can be combined in blocks and that the number of these blocks can be increased or decreased with different crushing methods.

A device is also presented, comprising the following components: a housing with an axial inlet opening, a tangential outlet opening and an annular, substantially cylindrical grinding chamber. In the latter two horizontally and coaxially arranged rotors are mounted. The rotors can rotate in opposite directions and are internally, on the sides facing each other, provided with crushing elements arranged in a ring, mounted obliquely to the rotor body and between which there are channels with a cross-section of closed shape. The outer, channel-free ring areas of the rotors also have cavities (depressions, blind or blind holes) that form an additional comminution zone.

The additional comminution elements (cavities) can also be conical and, for example, narrow in the direction of their free opening.

The additional crushing elements (impact plates) are thin plates, usually made of high-strength and non-brittle ceramic materials. Depending on the strength of the material to be crushed, their shape and configuration can be different.

Additional grinding elements are located within the grinder housing, between the inner wall of the housing (the grinding chamber) and the rims of the rotors. These are variable shape impact plates. When the material jet impacts, the angle of inclination of these impact plates changes. This creates an aerodynamic disruptive effect on the material and creates an additional comminution zone.

Air extraction devices are advantageously also attached to the housing of the shredder. The concentration of the material to be shredded in the two-phase medium in the housing can be changed by the more or less intensive removal of air from the surface (outside) of the rotors. This enables a more efficient Crushing in the additional ring zone between the inner wall of the housing and the edges of the rotors.

Referring now to the figures, the comminution unit consists of a housing 1 with an axial inlet opening 2, a diffuser (spun spreader G) mounted underneath and a tangential outlet opening 3, and an annular housing section defining a comminution chamber 4 in which horizontally arranged and counter-rotating rotating rotors 5 and 6 are accommodated, on the mutually facing rotor surfaces of which crushing elements 8, 9, 10, 16 and 17 are mounted in annular rows. The rotors 5 and 6 have a common drive (which is not shown on the figure).

Channels run between the crushing elements 8, 9, 10, 16 and 17, the cross-section of which narrows in the radial direction from the axis to the periphery of the crushing chamber 4 by reducing the channel height. An annular series of paddles 7 closest to the axis of the rotors 5 and 6 and channels 17 between these paddles belong to the acceleration zone of the material to be crushed. The upper and lower sides of the channels are formed by faces of the respective rotor and faces of a respective associated concentric ring 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18, each row of paddles 7 and crushing elements 8, 9, 10 and 16, 17 covered. The rings 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18 are connected to the respective crushing elements 8, 9, 10 and 16, 17 firmly and without play and rotate together with them during operation of the system. The rings 11 to 18 can be detachably mounted or can be manufactured as an integral part of the rotors 5 and 6. They can also be manufactured as a continuous or segmented ring. Each set of segments covers a single channel between the paddles 7 and crushing elements. The side surfaces of the channels are from the front of each paddle 7 or Crushing element 8, 9, 10, 16, 17 and the back of the adjacent paddle or crushing element formed.

In at least one additional annular row there are crushing elements in the form of conical depressions (cavities, blind holes) 21, 22 on the mutually facing surfaces edge surfaces of the rotors 5 and 6.

As another crushing unit, impact plates of variable shape are mounted on the inner wall of the crushing chamber body. The angle of inclination of these impact plates 23, 24, 25 to the inner wall of the crushing chamber can also be changed.

The crushing device works as follows: The feed of the starting material of a starting grain size is carried out by free material flow or suction by a negative pressure in the housing via the inlet opening or by feeding devices of various types (feed conveyor). The material is fed into the acceleration zone of the upper rotor 5 of the crusher, where during rotation its particles move along the surface of acceleration paddles 7 in the radial direction. Once the particles have reached their maximum speed, they also have a certain take-off speed and take-off angle and a free flight path (trajectory) into the brittle fracture zone (Zone A). In this zone, the particles collide with the comminution elements 8 running towards them, resulting in brittle fracture. The particle mass then consists of individual fragments whose microhardness exceeds that of the initial particles. In order to continue efficient comminution, the fragments are accelerated along the comminution element 8 in this zone by rotating the rotor. Once the required speed is reached, they collide with the crushing elements 9 of the next rotor element, whereby the material surface is again increased.

The transition to the crushing elements 10, 16, 17 of the next row also takes place in the same way.

The particles then move in a radial direction into the zone where the force acts on the entire particle surface (zone B). This zone no longer contains crushing elements, but contains a number of aerodynamic devices in the form of cavities (depressions, blind holes) 21, 22. The crushing method is changed in these. The particles of the already partially crushed material from the various channels collide at high speed and high frequency in the outer annular gap between the counter-rotating rotors. This happens through an aerodynamic interference effect and the resulting aerodynamic vortices. The size, mass and specific surface area of the particles now differ significantly from the characteristics of the starting material in Zone A.

A zone C, where the particles of the material streams collide with each other and impact plates, is located further away from the vertical axis of the rotating rotors. The peripheral speed of the rotor disks and the material on them is even higher in this zone. The changed configuration of the rotors in this zone makes it possible to bring about a collision of a large number of air flows with the maximum concentration of solid particles from the channels of the upper and lower rotors. Particle size reduction occurs by colliding the material, similar to jet mills, but at incomparably faster speeds with minimal energy costs.

The effect of force on almost the entire particle surface and the subsequent removal of the material from the housing takes place through the vertical axial velocity component via a tangentially arranged outlet opening.

Air extraction devices are also installed on the shredder housing (not shown on the drawings). The concentration of the two-phase medium of the material to be shredded in the housing can be changed by removing air from the outer rotor surface. This enables more efficient comminution in an additional annular area between the inner wall of the comminution chamber and the edges of the rotors.

1. 1. Das Zerkleinerungsverfahren kombiniert zwei unterschiedliche Zerkleinerungsmethoden in einer Anlage. Das zu zerkleinernde Material wird einerseits in Form eines Zweiphasenmediums (Gemisch aus dem Material und Gas) in einzelnen Strömen durch radiale Kanäle von der Achse der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zu seiner Peripherie geführt. In den Kanälen kollidieren die Materialströme abwechselnd mit Zerkleinerungselementen, die auf sich im Gegenlauf drehenden Rotoren montiert sind. Die Materialströme werden in den Kanälen zwischen den Zerkleinerungselementen der Rotoren zentrifugal beschleunigt. Der Kanalquerschnitt hat die Form einer geschlossenen Kurve.
2. 2. Die Zerkleinerung geschieht nicht nur durch zahlreiche Zusammenstöße zwischen den Materialströmen und Zerkleinerungselementen, sondern auch durch mehrfache Zusammenstöße zwischen den Partikeln in den nachfolgenden aerodynamischen Wirbeln, die in den Hohlräumen im äußersten Ringbereich der Rotoren entstehen.
3. 3. Die Zerkleinerung erfolgt zusätzlich in einem zusätzlich gebildeten äußeren Ringbereich zwischen den Rotoren und dem Gehäuse. In diesem Ringbereich befinden sich Aufprallplatten mit veränderbarer Form und einstellbarem Neigungswinkel. Das ermöglicht eine aerodynamische Störwirkung beim Zusammenstoß der Partikel mit hoher Frequenz, wobei sich die Partikelart, -größe und die Kraftaufbringung ändert. Dank der auf dem Gehäuse der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung montierten Entnahmevorrichtungen (Entlüftung) ändert sich die Konzentration des Zweiphasenmediums (Gemisch aus Material und Gas in Form eines Materialstrahls). Das erhöht die Zerkleinerungsleistung im Endstadium vor dem Ableiten des Fertigstoffs aus der Zerkleinerungsanlage.
4. 4. Durch die Kombination zweier Zerkleinerungsmethoden (einer mechanischen und einer aerodynamischen) in einem Prozess und in einer Anlage innerhalb eines einzigen Zerkleinerergehäuses, wird bei der Zerkleinerung die Zustandsenergie (potentielle Energie) der elastischen Formänderung (Festkörperbruchmechanik) in Wärmeenergie umgewandelt. Dementsprechend ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, das Material nicht nur zu zerkleinern, sondern auch gleichzeitig zu trocknen (falls es zu feucht ist).

The shredded material is discharged for suction. Key features and advantages of the presented method and a presented device are summarized again below:

1. 1. The shredding process combines two different shredding methods in one system. The material to be crushed is guided on the one hand in the form of a two-phase medium (mixture of the material and gas) in individual streams through radial channels from the axis of the crushing device to its periphery. In the channels, the material flows alternately collide with shredding elements that are mounted on counter-rotating rotors. The material flows are centrifugally accelerated in the channels between the shredding elements of the rotors. The channel cross section has the shape of a closed curve.
2. 2. The comminution occurs not only through numerous collisions between the material streams and comminution elements, but also through multiple collisions between the particles in the subsequent aerodynamic vortices that arise in the cavities in the outermost ring area of the rotors.
3. 3. The comminution also takes place in an additionally formed outer ring area between the rotors and the housing. In this ring area are impact plates with changeable shape and adjustable angle of inclination. This allows for an aerodynamic disruption effect when the particles collide at high frequencies, changing particle type, size and force application. The concentration of the two-phase medium (mixture of material and gas in the form of a material jet) changes thanks to the extraction devices (venting) mounted on the crusher body. This increases the shredding capacity in the final stage before the finished material is discharged from the shredder.
4. 4. By combining two crushing methods (one mechanical and one aerodynamic) in one process and in one facility within a single crusher body, the state energy (potential energy) of the elastic deformation (solid fracture mechanics) is converted into thermal energy during crushing. Accordingly, there is the possibility of not only shredding the material, but also drying it at the same time (if it is too damp).

1. 1. Bei ihm werden zwei unterschiedliche Methoden in ein und derselben Anlage (einem Zerkleinerer) - eine mechanische und eine aerodynamische - genutzt.
2. 2. Es zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zwei Zerkleinerungsmethoden (mechanische und aerodynamische) im Gehäuse des Zerkleinerers kombiniert sind. Dadurch wird bei der Zerkleinerung die Zustandsenergie der elastischen Formänderung (Festkörperbruchmechanik) in Wärmeenergie umgewandelt. Dementsprechend ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, das Material nicht nur zu zerkleinern, sondern auch gleichzeitig zu trocknen (falls es zu feucht ist).
3. 3. Es zeichnet sich auch dadurch aus, dass das zu zerkleinernde Material sowohl im freien Fluss als auch durch zusätzliche Zufuhrsysteme (Beschickungsförderer) zugeführt werden kann; die Materialbeschleunigung geschieht durch Zentrifugalkraft bei der Rotorendrehung und infolge der Reduzierung der Kanalhöhe in Richtung der Peripherie der Zerkleinerungskammer.
4. 4. Es zeichnet sich ferner dadurch aus, dass in äußeren Ringbereichen der Rotoren eine weitere Zerkleinerung in angeschlossenen aerodynamischen Wirbeln mit Hilfe von Hohlräumen (Blindlöchern, Sacklöchern) geschieht.
5. 5. Es zeichnet sich auch dadurch aus, dass in einem äußeren Ringbereich zwischen den Rotoren und der Gehäusewand eine weitere Zerkleinerung durch zusätzlich montierte Aufprallplatten erfolgt, deren Form und Neigungswinkel zur Innenwand des Zerkleinerergehäuses geändert werden können. Dies ermöglicht eine aerodynamische Störwirkung beim Zusammenstoß der Partikel mit hoher Frequenz, wobei sich die Partikelart, -größe und die Krafteinwirkung ändert.
6. 6. Es zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass man mit Hilfe von auf dem Gehäuse der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung montierten Ent- bzw. Belüftungsvorrichtungen die Konzentration des Zweiphasenmediums (Gemisch aus Material und Gas in Form eines Materialstrahls) im Gehäuse ändern kann. Das erhöht die Zerkleinerungsleistung im Endstadium vor dem Ableiten des Fertigstoffs aus der Zerkleinerungsanlage.

The main differences and advantages of the presented comminution process compared to other processes are as follows:

1. 1. It uses two different methods - one mechanical and one aerodynamic - in the same piece of equipment (a shredder).
2. 2. It is characterized by the fact that two methods of crushing (mechanical and aerodynamic) are combined in the body of the shredder. As a result, the state energy of the elastic deformation (solid fracture mechanics) is converted into thermal energy during the comminution. Accordingly, there is the possibility of not only shredding the material, but also drying it at the same time (if it is too damp).
3. 3. It is also characterized by the fact that the material to be crushed can be fed both in free flow and by additional feeding systems (feed conveyors); Material acceleration occurs due to centrifugal force during rotor rotation and as a result of channel height reduction towards the periphery of the crushing chamber.
4. 4. It is also characterized by the fact that in the outer ring areas of the rotors, further comminution takes place in connected aerodynamic vortices with the help of cavities (blind holes, blind holes).
5. 5. It is also characterized by the fact that in an outer ring area between the rotors and the housing wall, further crushing takes place by additionally mounted impact plates, the shape and angle of inclination of which can be changed to the inner wall of the crusher housing. This enables a aerodynamic interference when the particles collide at high frequency, changing the type and size of the particles and the impact of the force.
6. 6. It is characterized by the fact that the concentration of the two-phase medium (mixture of material and gas in the form of a material jet) in the housing can be changed with the help of ventilation devices mounted on the housing of the crushing device. This increases the shredding capacity in the final stage before the finished material is discharged from the shredder.

The comminution device comprises the following components: a housing with an axial inlet opening, a tangential outlet opening and an annular, essentially cylindrical comminution chamber. In the latter, two horizontally and coaxially arranged rotors are mounted. These rotors can rotate in opposite directions and are provided with crushing elements arranged in a ring shape on their facing surfaces. Channels with a closed cross-section run between these comminution elements, which are mounted at an angle to the rotor body. The annular areas of the rotors also include cavities or indentations which form an additional comminution zone.

Impingement plates are also preferably installed inside the housing, between the inner wall and the edges of the rotors. When the material jet impacts, the angle of these impact plates changes, creating an additional crushing zone. The impact plates can be arranged in one row or in several rows one above the other.

Air extraction devices are preferably also mounted on the housing of the shredder. By taking air The concentration of the material to be crushed in the two-phase medium can be changed from the surface of the rotors. This enables more efficient comminution in an additional annular zone between the inner wall of the comminution chamber and the edges of the rotors.

1. 1. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass in ihr zwei Zerkleinerungsmethoden miteinander kombiniert sind,
2. 2. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie das Rohmaterial auch ansaugen kann, ohne dass es zwangsweise zugeführt werden muss.
3. 3. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie auch eine zusätzliche Ringzone mit Zerkleinerungselementen in Form von nach unten zulaufenden konischen Hohlräumen (Blind- oder Sacklöchern) hat.
4. 4. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie eine tangentiale Austrittsöffnung hat, wodurch das Fertigprodukt mit der Höchstgeschwindigkeit aus der Zerkleinerungskammer abgeführt wird.
5. 5. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie über zusätzliche Zerkleinerungselemente in einem Ringbereich verfügt, die sich unmittelbar an der Innenwand der Zerkleinerungskammer befinden: das sind nämlich Aufprallplatten, deren Form und Winkel zur Kammerwandfläche geändert werden können.
6. 6. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie über Luftentnahmevorrichtungen verfügt; dadurch wird die Luft von der Rotorenoberfläche entnommen und die Konzentration des Zweiphasenmediums (des zu zerkleinernden Materials) geändert.
7. 7. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie in der Lage ist, auch feuchte Materialien zu zerkleinern; dabei kann das Material gleichzeitig auch getrocknet werden.
8. 8. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie es ermöglicht, die Zerkleinerungstechnik und die Rotorenkonfiguration je nach den Eigenschaften des Ausgangsmaterials wie z.B. seiner Festigkeit und seinem Bruchverhalten zu verändern.

The basic distinguishing features of the presented shredder are:

1. 1. The device is characterized by the fact that it combines two crushing methods,
2. 2. The device is characterized in that it can also suck in the raw material without having to force it to be fed.
3. 3. The device is characterized in that it also has an additional annular zone with crushing elements in the form of conical cavities (blind or blind holes) tapering downwards.
4. 4. The device is characterized by having a tangential outlet opening, thanks to which the finished product is discharged from the crushing chamber at maximum speed.
5. 5. The device is characterized by the fact that it has additional crushing elements in a ring area located directly on the inner wall of the crushing chamber: these are impact plates, the shape and angle of which to the chamber wall surface can be changed.
6. 6. The device is characterized in that it has air extraction devices; thereby the air is taken from the rotor surface and the Changed the concentration of the two-phase medium (the material to be crushed).
7. 7. The device is characterized in that it is able to crush wet materials; the material can also be dried at the same time.
8. 8. The device is characterized in that it allows to change the crushing technique and the configuration of the rotors depending on the characteristics of the starting material, such as its strength and fracture behavior.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. The foregoing description is therefore not to be considered as limiting but as illustrative. It is to be understood in the following claims that a specified feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of other features. Insofar as the claims and the above description define "first" and "second" embodiments, this designation serves to distinguish between two similar embodiments without establishing a ranking.

Claims (5)

1. Method for the fine and ultrafine crushing of lumpy solid materials, in particular minerals and solid fossil raw materials, the material being crushed by means of a sequence of a mechanical crushing process and an aerodynamic crushing process in a single crushing device,

   in the mechanical crushing, a material fed as a gas-solid mixture being fed axially to the center of two counter-rotating rotors in a manner known per se and in this process being divided into partial streams by providing the rotors (5, 6) on their rotor surfaces facing one another with annularly arranged crushing elements (8, 9, 10, 16, 17), between which channels are formed which are closed in the circumferential direction and in which the material is accelerated in the direction of the periphery of the rotors and is mechanically crushed by contact with the crushing elements (8, 9, 10, 16, 17), and

   additional aerodynamic crushing taking place in channel-free regions between the rotors (5, 6) and/or in a region around the circumference of the rotors (5, 6), in which the partial streams from the channels are allowed to collide and in this process are swirled while the material is further crushed,

   characterized in that baffle plates (23, 24, 25) are arranged in the outermost region between the periphery of the rotors and the inner wall of the housing, which plates are connected to the inner wall of the housing (1) and which intensify the aerodynamic crushing, and in that the crushed material is discharged from the crushing device after the aerodynamic crushing.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein first aerodynamic crushing takes place between the counter-rotating rotors (5, 6) in the outermost annular region (zone C) of the rotors (5, 6), and in that this is followed in the radial direction by second aerodynamic crushing in a region between the periphery of the rotors and the inner wall of the housing of the crushing device.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an edge region of the rotors, which is free of mechanical crushing elements, comprises recesses which increase the turbulence of the partial streams from the channels.
4. Device for the fine and ultra-fine crushing of lumpy solid materials, in particular minerals and solid fossil raw materials, comprising

   a housing (1) with an axial inlet opening (2) and an outlet opening (3) and a substantially cylindrical annular crushing chamber (4),

   in which two coaxial rotors (5, 6), which can rotate in opposite directions in a horizontal zone, are arranged, on the mutually facing surfaces of which crushing elements (1 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18) are arranged in an annular manner, between which radially extending channel portions (8, 9, 10, 16, 17) closed in their circumferential direction are formed,

   wherein furthermore at least one annular zone (zone B) exists between the rotors (5, 6), which zone is free of mechanical crushing elements and channel portions and into which the channels of the adjacent inner annular zone (A) open and in which the partial streams emerging from the channels are swirled, characterized in that the outlet opening (3) is a tangential outlet opening (3), in that an annular region (zone C) bounded outwardly by the inner housing wall is formed around the periphery of the rotors (5, 6) and causes further turbulence of the material streams emerging from the rotors, and in that baffle plates (23, 24, 25) are arranged in the annular region (zone C) and are connected to the inner wall of the housing (1).
5. Device according to claim 4, wherein it is provided with venting devices arranged on the housing (1) and allowing venting or aeration of the interior of the housing (1) for changing the solid-air ratio in the housing (1).

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