EP3568237B1 - Séparateur magnétique - Google Patents

Séparateur magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3568237B1
EP3568237B1 EP17719491.7A EP17719491A EP3568237B1 EP 3568237 B1 EP3568237 B1 EP 3568237B1 EP 17719491 A EP17719491 A EP 17719491A EP 3568237 B1 EP3568237 B1 EP 3568237B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
sorting chamber
magnetic separator
material particles
magnetic
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP17719491.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3568237A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Schiffers
André BÄTZ
Carsten Gerold
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Loesche GmbH
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Loesche GmbH
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Publication of EP3568237A1 publication Critical patent/EP3568237A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
    • B03C1/033—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/10—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers
    • B03C1/14—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers with non-movable magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/26—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with free falling material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation whereby the particles to be separated are in solid form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic separator for the dry separation of material particles with different magnetic susceptibilities.
  • Ores are often mined from solid rock.
  • valuable ore minerals that have grown in the raw product are present together with worthless accompanying minerals, which are also referred to as mountains.
  • worthless accompanying minerals which are also referred to as mountains.
  • Sorting between the ore mineral and the mountains can then take place using different properties of the two goods to be sorted. It must be taken into account here that the finer the degree of intergrowth in the raw material, the finer it must be comminuted. This means that in some cases it is necessary to reduce the size of dust to a size of around 100 ⁇ m and smaller.
  • the invention can also be used for processing secondary mineral raw materials such as slag, ash, other residual materials from the works, such as filter dust, scale, if magnetic or magnetizable components are to be concentrated or separated.
  • secondary mineral raw materials such as slag, ash, other residual materials from the works, such as filter dust, scale, if magnetic or magnetizable components are to be concentrated or separated.
  • wet processing systems or wet magnetic separators are known for separating in this regard, which essentially function as a carrier medium over water and can be used over a wide range of grain sizes in terms of fineness.
  • Another magnetic separation device is off DE 29 49 855 A1 known.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a magnetic separator for the dry separation of material particles with different magnetic susceptibilities, which is suitable for use in a large grain size range, in particular also below 100 ⁇ m.
  • the magnetic separator has a cylinder which can be rotated about its longitudinal axis and a magnetic device which is arranged in a stationary manner within the cylinder and extends essentially over the length of the cylinder.
  • the magnetic device is designed to generate a magnetic field that is essentially uninterrupted in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder.
  • a sorting chamber is provided which extends along at least part of the lateral surface of the cylinder in the circumferential direction of the cylinder and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder along the height of the cylinder. It is advantageous here if the sorting chamber has a maximum cross-section width which essentially corresponds to the width of the magnetic device and a maximum depth which essentially corresponds to half the width of the magnetic device.
  • the magnetic separator has means for dispersed material particles into the sorting chamber and means for generating a conveying air flow through the sorting chamber, the material particles being conveyed through the sorting chamber by means of the conveying air flow during operation.
  • a motor is provided in order to rotate the cylinder about its longitudinal axis, wherein during operation the lateral surface of the cylinder is moved by rotating the cylinder essentially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the conveying air and wherein the magnet device and the cylinder are designed and arranged relative to one another, that the magnetic field has a sufficient strength essentially in the area of the part of the jacket surface with the sorting chamber and in the sorting chamber to attract material particles to the jacket surface.
  • the invention is based on several basic ideas and findings that act in combination. For one, it was recognized that it worked well of the magnetic separator, it is necessary that there is a sufficiently strong magnetic field in the sorting chamber through which the conveying air stream flows with the dispersed material particles, so that the different material particles can be separated depending on their different magnetic susceptibilities. For this purpose it is preferred if the sorting chamber is dimensioned such that the magnetic field which is generated by the magnetic device extends at least within the area of the sorting chamber, in particular which runs along the cylinder.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that for the purest possible separation of material particles with different magnetic susceptibilities, it leads to a better result if the flow direction of the conveying air flow is provided essentially perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the cylinder. This means that material particles attracted to the cylinder are quickly and quickly removed from the sorting chamber by the rotation of the cylinder. If an excessively thick layer of attracted material particles forms on the cylinder, the overall magnetic field is weakened, which in turn leads to poorer sorting or separation results.
  • the magnet device can be designed in any way.
  • N-Pol stands for North Pole and S-Pol for South Pole. It can be a permanent magnet as well as an electromagnet.
  • a three-pole magnet within the meaning of the invention can be designed in that the middle pole functions as a double or common pole and the field lines run between the middle pole and the respective two outer poles.
  • the advantage of using a three-pole magnet is that magnetic field lines are concentrated in the center of the sorting room due to the geometry of the sorting room and the structure of the magnetic device, and thus a high degree of efficiency is achieved and a strong magnetic field acting on the material particles can be generated.
  • a collecting chamber which is located essentially outside the magnetic field of the magnetic device. Since the magnetic field in the collecting chamber no longer acts on the outer surface of the cylinder, the material particles originally attracted to the outer surface of the cylinder by the magnetic field are no longer attracted to the cylinder or held onto it. This means that the material particles in the collecting chamber detach from the outer surface of the cylinder and fall off. In other words, this construction makes it possible to receive material particles conveyed out of the sorting chamber in the collecting chamber and to carry them away from there. In this context, it is preferred if the magnetic field extends essentially only within the sorting chamber, so that the collecting chamber can be provided subsequently, preferably directly adjacent to the sorting chamber.
  • driver strips on the outer surface of the cylinder.
  • These driver strips which advantageously extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, improve the removal of the material particles which are drawn to the outer surface of the cylinder by the magnetic field.
  • the driver strips it is achieved or facilitated that the attracted material does not remain in the effective area of the magnetic field despite the rotating drum, i.e. the drum slips through under the material, but is conveyed out of the magnetic field.
  • a sealing area is advantageously formed, whereby the air flow from the collecting chamber into the sorting chamber can be adjusted and changed.
  • An additional subsequent cleaning of the resulting product, which preferably consists only of magnetizable material particles, can be achieved by the air flow.
  • the air flow which flows through the sealing area between the collecting chamber and the sorting chamber in the direction of the collecting chamber, pulls part of the material particles that have collected on the outer surface of the cylinder back into the sorting chamber.
  • non-magnetic particles are coated with magnetic particles, non-magnetic material particles are also deposited on the cylinder jacket, and these are blown off again together with some of the magnetizable material particles and get back into the sorting chamber. There they are again fed to the continuous sorting process, so that there is a higher probability that the non-magnetizable material particles will not be deposited again and thus the purity of the magnetized material can be improved.
  • explicit injection or cleaning nozzles can be provided in this area, with which air can be blown onto the outer surface of the cylinder.
  • This explicit blowing of air which can also be referred to as blowing clean, has the same effect as the air flow through the sealing area.
  • the purity of the product produced can be adjusted through the possibility of adjusting the air flow or the air through the injection nozzles.
  • the means for generating the conveying air flow through the sorting chamber can be designed as desired.
  • air can be actively blown into the sorting chamber.
  • the magnetic separator can be operated in relation to the environment under negative pressure by means of a fan which sucks air out of the magnetic separator. Operation in negative pressure has the advantage that the material particles, which have been comminuted to a very high level of fineness, remain inside the magnetic separator and cannot emerge from it through any openings. This causes problems of dust pollution Environment and the like decreased.
  • air or conveying air can be understood to mean ambient air, but also corresponding gases such as process gases or process air or the like.
  • a dedusting filter is arranged following the sorting chamber and if a fan for the magnetic separator is provided after the dedusting filter.
  • an acceleration section is preferably provided for the material particles.
  • This acceleration section is used to accelerate the dispersed material particles over a short distance to the speed of the conveying air flow. This can be done, for example, by narrowing the cross section in the lines to the sorting chamber.
  • further means for better dispersion of the material particles in the conveying air flow can be provided at the point or in the area of the narrowest cross section, for example cams, offset teeth or static mixers.
  • a diffuser can be provided which serves to further disperse the material particles in the conveying air flow.
  • the diffuser can be implemented, for example, by enlarging or widening the flow cross-section of the lines. It serves to further disperse the material particle-conveying air mixture and to adjust the flow speed to the desired entry speed. It is advantageous if the diffuser has an expansion angle between 4 ° to 6 ° in order to minimize flow separation and / or segregation.
  • a further advantage of providing a diffuser is that the flow speed of the conveying air flow in the sorting chamber is reduced and thus a slow and straight sweeping of the conveying air flow past the surface of the cylinder is made possible.
  • a device for generating opposing or opposing flow rollers in the conveying air flow can be arranged.
  • This device can be designed, for example, as a triangular and / or angle-adjustable sheet metal, the shape and orientation of which creates two flow rollers rotating in opposite directions.
  • These flow rollers can increase the likelihood that all magnetizable material particles come close to the cylinder jacket at least once before they exit the sorting chamber and are thus sufficiently influenced by the magnetic field to be drawn to the cylinder jacket.
  • Another advantage is that the provision of flow rollers enables a larger cross-section and thus a higher throughput through the sorting chamber, since it is not absolutely necessary that the magnetic field is strong enough over the entire cross-section of the sorting chamber because the flow rollers the conveyed material particles from areas with a weak magnetic field can also be transported into areas with a strong enough magnetic field.
  • the sorting chamber can have any shape in cross section. It is advantageous if it has a rectangular cross-section with rounded or folded corners. Such a cross-section has been found to be advantageous because it is particularly well adapted to the magnetic field of the magnetic device and can thus be achieved in a simple manner that no or only very small areas are present in the sorting chamber in which the magnetic field is not strong works enough.
  • the magnetic separator for false air is advantageously designed with little entry. This is particularly relevant when the magnetic separator is operated under negative pressure.
  • the low-entry design prevents air from entering the magnetic separator from outside the magnetic separator, in particular is sucked into the sorting chamber, and thus the flow velocity in the sorting chamber would be reduced. This also means that the fan requires less energy in order to generate a sufficient desired flow rate.
  • the magnetic separator can preferably be operated continuously.
  • it plays a central role that a continuous discharge of the magnetizable material particles drawn onto the outer surface of the cylinder from the sorting chamber into the collecting chamber is provided so that the magnetic separator can be operated continuously.
  • This is also influenced by the fact that the material particles to be separated can be continuously fed into the conveying air flow by means of dispersed feeding, which flows through the sorting chamber without interruption.
  • Such a design has the advantage that a higher degree of efficiency can be achieved, since it is not necessary, for example, to stop the system and then start it up again to discharge the magnetizable material particles.
  • the length of the sorting chamber and / or the speed of the conveying air flow are designed and set up in such a way that the material particles remain in the sorting chamber for a period of time of 0.01 s to 2 s.
  • a dwell chamber has proven to be sufficiently long that good purity and separation between the two types of material particles, the magnetizable and the non-magnetizable, is achieved.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic overall representation of a magnetic separator 1 according to the invention. Its structure and mode of operation are explained in more detail below, both the components and the mode of operation from the task of the material particles 5 to be separated in the direction of separation into magnetizable material particles 6 and non-magnetizable material particles 7 being described.
  • magnetizable and non-magnetizable material particles 6, 7 can be understood to mean that they have different magnetic susceptibility and that the magnetizable material particles 6 can be more strongly influenced by a magnetic field than the non-magnetizable material particles 7. It is not mandatory here required that the non-magnetizable material particles 7 are completely non-magnetizable.
  • the material particles 5 to be separated are held in a bunker 3, from which they can be conveyed away via a screw conveyor 4 and transported into the magnetic separator 1 for separation.
  • the material particles 5 to be separated stored in the bunker can, for example, have a fineness of D90 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m to D90 ⁇ 500 ⁇ m.
  • About the screw conveyor 4 get the Material particles 5 to means 50 for dispersed feeding of the material particles into a sorting chamber 30 of the magnetic separator 1.
  • the D90 value describes the particle size distribution with a grain distribution in which 90% by mass is smaller and 10% by mass is greater than the specified diameter of the boundary grain.
  • Fig. 1 which is enlarged in a plan view in Fig. 2
  • the means 50 have a vibrating conveyor trough 52 with serrated ends 53. Below these ends 53 there is an inlet funnel 54 which is connected to the line to the sorting chamber 30.
  • the prongs 53 at the end of the vibrating conveyor trough 52 serve to ensure that the material particles 5 are mechanically well distributed and as uniformly as possible over the entire cross section of the inlet funnel 54.
  • the magnetic separator 1 is operated in the negative pressure to the environment.
  • means 60 for generating a conveying air flow are provided at the end of the magnetic separator 1, as will be described in more detail later. Due to the negative pressure present in the magnetic separator 1, ambient air is sucked in through the inlet funnel 54 as conveying air 61 into which the material particles 5 are dispersed.
  • Another possibility for dispersed delivery of the material particles 5 is, for example, to implement the dispersed delivery by means of a metering belt and an air conveyor chute. Other possibilities are to provide a rotating plate, onto which the material particles 5 are applied, around which air flows, and thus the material particles 5 are applied individually into the air flow.
  • a siphon-like solution is also possible, which essentially corresponds to direct spraying of the bunker exit. In the line from the bunker 3 to the sorting chamber 30, further mixing and dispersion can then be achieved accordingly by changes in direction as well as mixers and / or turbulence-generating static or dynamic installations provided in the line.
  • An acceleration section 41 is provided before the entry of the conveying air stream 61 with the material particles 5 into the sorting chamber 30.
  • This acceleration section 41 is essentially implemented by narrowing the cross-section of the lines and serves for continuous acceleration of the material particles 5 in the conveying air 61.
  • impact bodies for example cams or offset teeth, and / or a static mixer can be installed in order to achieve a further dispersion, that is to say the most uniform possible distribution of the material particles 5 in the conveying air flow 61.
  • the flow rate in the sorting chamber 30 can be adjusted, for example, via the strength of the means 60 for generating the conveying air flow, which will be described in more detail below.
  • both the acceleration and the mixing of the material particles 5 with the conveying air 61 are largely complete and that the distribution is as uniform as possible.
  • a diffuser 42 is attached in front of the entry into the sorting chamber 30. It is thus achieved that the conveying air stream 61 is widened and the items to be sorted are possibly further dispersed, so that good separation is achieved is possible.
  • the diffuser 42 can be implemented, for example, by widening the conveying cross section, the angle of the diffuser 42 being optimally between 4 ° and 6 ° in order to minimize flow separation and / or segregation. Furthermore, by increasing the flow cross-section, the flow velocity of the conveying air flow 61 with the material particles 5 is reduced so that they are transported more slowly through the magnetic field 25 explained in more detail below, which enables a longer exposure time.
  • the conveying air 61 with the material particles 5 then flows as slowly and in a straight line as possible through the adjoining sorting chamber 30.
  • the sorting chamber 30 has, for example, in FIG Fig. 4 shown, a substantially rectangular cross section with rounded or beveled corners.
  • One long side of the sorting chamber 30 is delimited by a rotating cylinder 10.
  • the magnet device 20 Inside the cylinder 10 there is the magnet device 20, which is preferably designed as a three-pole magnet 21.
  • the cylinder 10 is advantageously made of a material that is not or barely magnetizable, for example aluminum.
  • the magnet device 20 is preferably a three-pole magnet 21. In the embodiment shown here, it is an electromagnet. Three-pole in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning that the magnet device 20 is designed in such a way that it has a central pole 23 and two further poles 22 and 24 arranged laterally thereof, which are opposite to the central pole 23. In other words, the pole of the two outer magnets coincides at the central pole 23.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the magnetic device 20 is an electromagnet which has an iron core 26 and a coil 27 in order to generate the magnetic field 25.
  • the coil is wound around the central pole 23.
  • the magnetic field 25 extends essentially along the direction of flow in the sorting chamber 30.
  • the width 31 and the depth 32 of the sorting chamber 30 are designed such that that the interior of the sorting chamber 30 is filled as completely as possible by the magnetic field 25. This means in particular that the magnetic field 25 within the sorting chamber 30 is strong enough to attract the magnetizable material particles 6.
  • the magnetic device 20 itself is located inside the cylinder 10 and is essentially hermetically shielded from the environment. This has the advantage that particles 6 that can be magnetized in this way cannot reach the magnet directly and thus reduce its performance or pollute it over the long term.
  • the magnetizable particles 6 are attracted to a jacket surface 11 of the cylinder 10 by the magnetic field 25 and retained.
  • the cylinder 10, which can also be referred to as a drum, is designed in such a way that it can rotate about its longitudinal axis 12.
  • a motor 18 is provided for this purpose. Due to the direction of rotation 13 of the cylinder 10, part of the lateral surface 11, as in FIG Fig. 4 indicated, rotated out of the effective area of the magnetic field 25. This part is located outside the sorting chamber 30. Since the magnetic field 25 no longer acts or is no longer strong enough in this area, the magnetizable particles 6 again fall off the outer surface 11 of the cylinder 10 and can thus be discharged from the magnetic separator 1.
  • driver strips 14 are additionally provided on the jacket surface 11.
  • the driver strips 14 By providing the driver strips 14 on the lateral surface 11, it is achieved that when the cylinder 10 rotates out of the magnetic field 25, the magnetizable particles 6 are no longer attracted by the magnetic field 25 and prevents them from sliding along the lateral surface 11 of the cylinder 10 and not follow the rotation. In other words, they are prevented from being rotated out of the magnetic field. Since the driver bar 14 represents an additional increase, the transport of the magnetizable particles 6 out of the magnetic field 25 is thus facilitated.
  • driver strips 14 can also be provided on the jacket surface 11 of the cylinder 10.
  • corresponding devices can also be provided on the jacket surface 11 of the cylinder 10.
  • grooves, depressions or the like are possible here.
  • a collection chamber 40 in which the magnetizable particles 6 are collected is located next to the sorting chamber 30.
  • a rotary valve 47 At the lower end of the collecting chamber 40 there is, for example, a rotary valve 47 in order to withdraw the magnetizable particles 6 from the collecting chamber 40 without increasing the entry of false air into the magnetic separator 1.
  • the extraction device can also be designed in a different way as long as the entry of false air is minimized as a result.
  • the non-magnetizable material particles 7 remain in the sorting chamber 30 and are transported in the direction of a dust filter 80 via the conveying air flow 61.
  • this filter 80 the non-magnetizable material particles 7 are separated from the conveying air stream 61 and can then also be removed from the magnetic separator 1 via a second rotary valve 37.
  • a fan 62 which functions as a means 60 for generating the conveying air flow and sucks air through the magnetic separator 1.
  • FIG. 6 an enlarged view of the area VI Fig. 5 shown. Both figures show a cross section through a magnetic separator 1 according to the invention.
  • the magnetic separator 1 is operated under negative pressure relative to the ambient air.
  • a sealing area 70 is provided at the contact point between the sorting chamber 30, the collecting chamber 40 and the jacket surface 11 of the cylinder 10. Due to the pressure differences, an air stream flows through this sealing area 70 from the collecting chamber 40 in the direction of the sorting chamber 30.
  • devices such as seals or lips are provided in the sealing area 70, which here minimize the air stream or can influence it.
  • a seal 72 is provided at the contact area between the sorting chamber 30 and the collecting chamber 40. This is larger, in particular longer, than the distance between two driver strips 14, so that in interaction with the driver strips 14 a type of chamber with a closed air volume is created, which acts as a lock for the air transfer from the collecting chamber 40 into the sorting chamber 30.
  • the distance between the seal 72 and the top of the driver bar 14 can be adjusted, whereby the air flow from the collecting chamber 40 into the sorting chamber 30 can be adjusted.
  • the driver strips 14 also serve to improve the air seal between the sorting chamber 30 and the collecting chamber 40.
  • the distance between the seals and the driver strips 14 is adjustable.
  • the air flow 71 has the task of blowing off magnetizable 6 and non-magnetizable 7 material particles adhering to the jacket surface 11 or the driver strips 14 and blowing them back into the sorting chamber 30. In this way, post-cleaning of the material particles 5 can be achieved.
  • the air flow 71 is not set so strongly that all material particles 5 are basically blown off.
  • the strength and size of the air flow 71 can be varied by adjusting the seals.
  • an air inlet is also provided for the collecting chamber 40, by means of which the amount of air flowing into the collecting chamber can also be varied, so that the air flow 71 can also be influenced thereby.
  • a seal 73 is also provided on the other side of the contact point between the collection chamber 30 and the sorting chamber 40, as in FIG Fig. 5 shown. The best possible seal is required here.
  • FIG. 7 also represents a schematic representation of a section through a magnetic separator 1 according to the invention, in which Fig. 8 an enlarged view of the area VIII Fig. 7 is. This in turn relates to the sealing area 70.
  • cleaning nozzles 65 are provided here, which actively blow air onto the lateral surface 11 of the cylinder 10. This active inflation can take place on the one hand by active blowing, on the other hand it is also possible to suck in air through the existing negative pressure, which is drawn in this direction.
  • the purpose of the additional cleaning nozzles 65 is similar to that of the air flow 71 in which the material present on the jacket surface 11 is blown off and fed to further cleaning in the sorting chamber 30.
  • a device for generating flow rollers 44 is provided in the sorting chamber 30.
  • This device can be designed, for example, in the form of a triangular, angle-adjustable sheet metal or a delta wing. It is essential here that it generates two flow rollers 45, which move in opposite directions and also ensure that material particles 5, which are located within the sorting chamber 30, are conveyed as close as possible to the outer surface 11 of the cylinder 10 and thus the magnetizable particles 6 to the Jacket surface 11 can be used.
  • the conveying air flow 61 in the sorting chamber 30 should be as uniform as possible, in particular laminar. In the context of the invention, this can be viewed as as parallel as possible to the drum or magnet axis, this also including the flow rollers described above.
  • the flow speed of the conveying air flow 61 is preferably set in such a way that it corresponds approximately to the free fall speed of the material particles 5 collectively. This means that an undispersed task is assumed.
  • the speed here is normally in the range between 3 m / s and 7 m / s.
  • the central features for the magnetic separator 1 according to the invention are that the material particles 5 that are to be separated are transported in parallel with the conveying air 61.
  • the conveying air flow 61 and the direction of rotation 13 of the cylinder 10 are aligned essentially perpendicular to one another, so that the magnetizable material particles 6, which lie on the lateral surface 11 of the cylinder 10, are removed from the magnetic field 25 as quickly as possible and so the performance of the magnetic device 20 is essentially not influenced. If these were to remain deposited for a longer period of time, the resulting magnetic field 25 would weaken in the long term and the efficiency of the magnetic separator 1 would therefore be poor.
  • the sorting chamber can be used to enlarge it in all three directions, length, height and width. If the flow velocity in the sorting chamber is kept constant, the throughput of the magnetic separator according to the invention increases in this case quadratically in contrast to proportionally in the prior art. If the flow velocity can also be increased with increasing system and size, a growth law with an even higher power results.
  • Such a favorable growth law offers the advantage that the magnetic separator 1 according to the invention can also be used with larger system sizes without having to lead to uneconomical dimensions.

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  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Séparateur magnétique (1) pour séparer à sec des particules de matière (5) ayant des susceptibilités magnétiques différentes, doté
    d'un cylindre (10) pouvant tourner autour de son axe longitudinal (12),
    d'un dispositif magnétique (20) fixe, disposé à l'intérieur du cylindre et s'étendant sensiblement sur la longueur du cylindre, qui est conçu pour générer un champ magnétique (25) ininterrompu dans le sens longitudinal du cylindre,
    d'une chambre de tri (30) qui s'étend le long d'une partie de la surface d'enveloppe (11) du cylindre (10) dans le sens de la périphérie du cylindre (10) et parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal (12) du cylindre (10) le long de la hauteur du cylindre (10),
    de moyens (50) pour disperser les particules de matière (5) dans la chambre de tri (30),
    de moyens (60) pour générer un flux d'air de transport (61) à travers la chambre de tri (30),
    les particules de matière (5) étant transportées à travers la chambre de tri (30) par le flux d'air de transport (61) lors du fonctionnement,
    et d'un moteur (18) pour faire tourner le cylindre (10) autour de son axe longitudinal (12),
    la surface d'enveloppe (11) du cylindre (10) étant mue par la rotation du cylindre (10) sensiblement perpendiculairement au sens de l'écoulement de l'air de transport (61) lors du fonctionnement et
    le dispositif magnétique (20) et le cylindre (10) étant conçus et disposés l'un par rapport à l'autre de sorte que le champ magnétique (25) présente, essentiellement dans la région de la partie de la surface d'enveloppe (11) contenant la chambre de tri (30) et dans la chambre de tri (30), une force suffisante pour attirer les particules de matière (5) contre la surface d'enveloppe (11),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le séparateur magnétique (1) peut fonctionner en dépression par rapport à l'environnement grâce à un ventilateur (62) qui extrait l'air du séparateur magnétique (1).
  2. Séparateur magnétique selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le dispositif magnétique (20) est conçu comme un aimant tripolaire (21) dont les pôles (22, 23, 24) sont disposés en N-S-N ou en S-N-S.
  3. Séparateur magnétique selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé
    en ce qu'à la suite de la chambre de tri (30) dans le sens de rotation (13) du cylindre (10) est prévue une chambre de collecte (40) qui se trouve essentiellement à l'extérieur du champ magnétique (25) du dispositif magnétique (20).
  4. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé
    en ce que des barres d'entraînement (14) sont formées sur la surface d'enveloppe (11) du cylindre (10).
  5. Séparateur magnétique selon la revendication 3 ou 4,
    caractérisé
    en ce que, lors du fonctionnement, une pression plus élevée est exercée dans la chambre de collecte (40) que dans la chambre de tri (30).
  6. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 3 à 5,
    caractérisé
    en ce que dans la zone située entre la surface d'enveloppe (11) du cylindre, la chambre de tri (30) et la chambre de collecte (40) est formée une zone d'étanchéité (70) par le biais de laquelle un flux d'air (71) allant de la chambre de collecte (40) vers la chambre de tri (30) peut être réglé.
  7. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 3 à 6,
    caractérisé
    en ce que dans la zone située entre la surface d'enveloppe (11) du cylindre, la chambre de tri (30) et la chambre de collecte (40) sont prévues des buses de nettoyage (40) par les desquelles de l'air est soufflé sur la surface d'enveloppe (11) du cylindre (10).
  8. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé
    en ce qu'à l'extrémité du séparateur magnétique (1) est prévu un ventilateur (62) pour le séparateur magnétique (1).
  9. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé
    en ce qu'à la suite de la chambre de tri est disposé un filtre de dépoussiérage.
  10. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé
    en ce qu'en aval des moyens (50) de dispersion des particules de matière (5) est prévue dans la chambre de tri (30) une ligne d'accélération (41) pour les particules de matière (5).
  11. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé
    en ce qu'en aval des moyens (50) de dispersion des particules de matière (5) et à l'entrée de la chambre de tri (30) est prévu un diffuseur (42) pour disperser davantage les particules de matière (5) dans le flux d'air de transport (61).
  12. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisé
    en ce que dans la chambre de tri (30), dans la zone d'admission du flux d'air de transport (61), est disposé un dispositif (44) pour générer des rouleaux d'écoulement en sens inverse dans le flux d'air de transport (61).
  13. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 12,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la chambre de tri (30) possède une section sensiblement parallélépipédique avec des angles arrondis ou coupés.
  14. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 13,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le séparateur magnétique (1) peut fonctionner en continu.
  15. Séparateur magnétique selon une des revendications 1 à 14,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la longueur de la chambre de tri (30) et la vitesse du flux d'air de transport (61) sont conçues et mises en œuvre de sorte à obtenir une durée de séjour des particules de matière (5) dans la chambre de tri (30) de 0,01 s à 3 s.
EP17719491.7A 2017-03-29 2017-03-29 Séparateur magnétique Active EP3568237B1 (fr)

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CN114438324B (zh) * 2020-10-20 2024-02-13 中国石油化工股份有限公司 废fcc催化剂有价金属富集方法
BR102020023390B1 (pt) * 2020-11-16 2021-10-05 Vale S.A. Método e sistema para remoção de partículas de minério de ferro aderidas por histerese magnética a uma matriz magnética de um separador magnético vertical
CN112899420B (zh) * 2021-01-18 2022-02-25 山东大学 一种转炉渣联用淬化消碱磁化热回收装置和方法
CN116273453B (zh) * 2023-02-16 2024-04-26 江苏普隆磁电有限公司 一种钕铁硼磁粉自动筛分装置
CN116618264B (zh) * 2023-06-30 2024-03-19 耐落螺丝(昆山)有限公司 扣件防漏预涂烘干装置

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ZA201904882B (en) 2020-02-26
WO2018177518A1 (fr) 2018-10-04
BR112019018701A2 (pt) 2020-04-07
CN110494223A (zh) 2019-11-22
EP3568237A1 (fr) 2019-11-20
RU2721912C1 (ru) 2020-05-25
AU2017406401A1 (en) 2019-08-15
AU2017406401B2 (en) 2022-04-21
TW201840366A (zh) 2018-11-16
BR112019018701B1 (pt) 2023-04-04
UA125465C2 (uk) 2022-03-16
TWI778036B (zh) 2022-09-21
ES2858588T3 (es) 2021-09-30
CA3052337A1 (fr) 2018-10-04
CN110494223B (zh) 2021-05-28
US11318477B2 (en) 2022-05-03
US20200001305A1 (en) 2020-01-02

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