EP3559590B1 - Système d'abattage à l'explosif - Google Patents

Système d'abattage à l'explosif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3559590B1
EP3559590B1 EP17832035.4A EP17832035A EP3559590B1 EP 3559590 B1 EP3559590 B1 EP 3559590B1 EP 17832035 A EP17832035 A EP 17832035A EP 3559590 B1 EP3559590 B1 EP 3559590B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blasting
borehole
protective plate
arrangement
cutout
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EP17832035.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3559590A1 (fr
Inventor
Kuno Moser
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP3559590A1 publication Critical patent/EP3559590A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/18—Plugs for boreholes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a blasting system in which explosives are detonated in a borehole.
  • the invention shows a method according to the invention for blasting and a blasting arrangement for this.
  • a detonator with a fuse in which the explosive is housed in a cup-shaped housing, in the upper, open end of which a fuse is introduced.
  • the detonating cord features an outer casing of polyethylene containing a hemp liner and a powder core which, when ignited at one end, burns through the detonating cord and detonates the explosives in the primer.
  • Such a detonator with fuse is used in military and also in civil explosives. This blasting system shows no special precautions to secure the blasting process.
  • a charging system and method for introducing an explosive charge into a borehole in which a hose body with a plurality of explosive cartridges is completely introduced into a borehole for detonation.
  • the hose body with a watertight cover is filled with water using a ramrod and filling stick in such a way that the hose body with the explosive cartridges is firmly in the borehole under pressure from all sides liable.
  • the loading and filling stick is pulled out of the filling valve of the hose body and removed from the well.
  • the explosive cartridges are ignited by a percussion cartridge that has previously been inserted into the borehole at the deepest point. This is ignited by ignition wires led out of the borehole.
  • the charging system described and the method for introducing an explosive charge into a borehole have proven to be very complex and there are also no explicit protective measures for the people involved.
  • a downhole blasting tool and method uses one or more explosive charge assemblies in a Housing are housed, and an associated ignition circuit.
  • the detonating circuit includes a detonating cord having at least two side-by-side explosive lines with longitudinal surfaces separated by at least one permeable wall which promotes transverse firing of explosive lines.
  • the downhole blasting tool features a tubular gun section with two ends sealed by means of two tandem sections. In each of the two tandem sections there is an igniter for igniting a detonating cord extending from one tandem section through the tubular gun section to the other tandem section and continuously burning progressively from its ends.
  • the shaped charges in the tubular gun section are ignited one after the other so that the borehole blasting tool produces a sequence of multiple blasts.
  • the downhole blasting tool is used in various underground borehole areas. In particular, it is used to perforate an oil or gas well deep underground.
  • the well blasting system and method described does not show any additional measures to protect the people involved since it is used very deep in the earth's crust.
  • a drilling device for vertical drilling and filling of the drilled holes with explosives is known.
  • This device is intended for underwater operation and above-ground operation and shows a horizontal frame for supporting the drilling unit, the frame being horizontally aligned and held at a distance from the ground by means of four extendable supports arranged in the corners.
  • the explosives are ignited with another additional device.
  • This drilling device does not show sufficient safety for the people involved in the vicinity of the blasting in the case of blasting close to the surface. People have to leave the immediate area for safety reasons.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a method for blasting and a blasting arrangement for blasting a detonator that has been introduced into a borehole, which improves the safety of the people involved in the vicinity of the blasting, especially in the case of blasting close to the surface.
  • a detonator according to the invention which is arranged in the borehole and extends into the recess in the protective plate and is ignited, makes it possible to significantly reduce the risk that material released by the blast can hit people involved, since the protective plate blasted material holds back to a considerable extent without the handling, in particular the introduction of the detonator into the borehole, being significantly impeded.
  • the preferred provision of a detonator which protrudes above the borehole and is positioned so that when the detonation is ignited, the upper end of the detonator at least partially closes the recess in the protective plate, creates very efficient protection.
  • the upper end of the detonator protrudes at least into the recess or through it. This ensures that the risk of material released by the blast passing through the recess and hitting the people involved is significantly reduced.
  • This protective function is further reinforced by the inventive provision of the protective plate above the hole for receiving the detonator with the explosive.
  • the point in time at which the detonator cap is introduced into the borehole, in particular when it projects beyond the upper edge of the borehole, can also take place at different points in time in the course of the method. It can be done before the protective plate is applied to the substrate in an aligned manner or also only after this, so that the risk of damage to the detonator cap due to the protective plate being displaced relative to the borehole, in particular in lateral direction is largely excluded. This leads to a particularly reliable method according to the invention.
  • the detonator By inserting the detonator in the borehole with a projection over the upper edge of the borehole and igniting the detonator protruding into or through the recess of the protective plate, it is possible according to the invention to concentrate the detonation to a particular extent on the subsoil and less on the surface and thereby introducing the explosive force more efficiently into the subsoil. This makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the blasting, i.e. a better or the same blasting effect can be achieved with less explosives, as well as reducing the risk for people or equipment in the vicinity.
  • the preferred positioning of the detonator so that it projects beyond the upper edge of the borehole can be implemented by a wide variety of measures that together serve the important purpose of ensuring a protective device that is as closed as possible and consists of a protective plate and an at least partially closed recess in the protective plate.
  • the overhang of the detonator cap can be ensured in that projections are provided on the outside of the typically cylindrical detonator cap in the lateral direction, which prevent further lowering or changing of the height in the borehole. This can be achieved, for example, by providing projections or a cover with a diameter in the area of the cover that is larger in its dimensions than the diameter of the borehole.
  • the cover or the projection(s) in the area of the cover rests on the surface of the subsoil and the desired vertical overhang over the upper edge of the borehole is ensured.
  • Extendable projections can also wedge into the wall of the borehole and thereby fix and position the detonator in its position in the borehole with the desired overhang.
  • the alternative or additional provision of protrusions that can be moved out is preferably carried out by means of a pneumatic and/or hydraulic drive or also with the help of prestressed spring elements, the prestressing of which is released in a targeted manner.
  • a particularly preferred method for blasting according to the invention is characterized by the following steps in the specific order: First, the protective plate with the recess is placed on the ground, with the recess of the protective plate being positioned flush over the planned borehole, in order to then drill a blast hole through the recess into the ground. Thereafter, the detonator is placed in the borehole, this being done through the recess of the protective plate.
  • the protective plate in conjunction with the aligned arrangement of the detonator in the borehole with the recess in the protective plate makes it possible to achieve the desired advantageous improvement in the protective effect during blasting with regard to the environment and with regard to more efficient blasting.
  • the introduction of the detonator through the recess into the borehole is also possible in a particularly reliable manner, since the alignment of the recess with the borehole is ensured.
  • the fact that the detonating cap preferably projects in or through the recess makes it possible to ignite the detonating cap in a particularly reliable manner in comparison to the advantageous aligned arrangement of the detonating cap with the recess.
  • the methods of blasting according to the invention thus prove to be extremely safe. They also prove to be very efficient as the protective plate allows the explosive effect to be concentrated underground, thereby avoiding an inefficient escape of the explosive force to the surface into the air.
  • the safety of people in the vicinity can be particularly increased by this method according to the invention, since the surface of the underground to be blasted is covered by a protective plate in the area of the blasting, thereby completely or considerably restricting the flying of stones from the underground.
  • the invention also relates to a blasting arrangement according to the invention for detonating a detonator cap introduced into a borehole with a carrier, this carrier having at least one protective plate arranged on the carrier with a recess, a drilling module being arranged on the carrier, which is used for inserting a Borehole is suitable and provided in the subsoil, with a blasting module being arranged on the carrier, which is suitable for introducing a detonator into a borehole, in particular with a projection above the subsoil and is provided, and wherein an ignition module is arranged on the carrier, which is suitable and provided for igniting a detonator cap extending into the recess of the protective plate.
  • the blasting arrangement according to the invention described contains several modules, the drilling module, the blasting module and the ignition module, which are mechanically connected to the protective plate via a carrier and thus form an integrated arrangement which makes it possible to carry out the method according to the invention in whole or at least in essential parts.
  • the explosives module is suitable and intended for inserting an explosives cap containing the explosives into a drilled hole drilled with the aid of the drilling module in such a way that the explosives cap is aligned with the recess in the protective plate and preferably projects beyond the Subsoil, so has the upper end of the borehole.
  • This preferred overhang of the detonator protrudes into the recess of the protective plate and thereby closes the unhindered passage through the recess from the subsoil covered by the protective plate or from the borehole to the area above the protective plate.
  • This at least partially closing of the recess ensures that, in the event of a blast using the detonator in the borehole that forms the blast hole, particles of the subsoil cannot, or only to a very limited extent, pass through the recess and people in the vicinity of the blast or Equipment in the vicinity of the blast can be damaged.
  • the recess and the upper part of the detonator are preferably adapted to one another in such a way that only a narrow gap remains between the upper part of the detonator, in particular its cover, and the edge of the protective plate of the recess.
  • the carrier which connects the various modules to the protective plate, with a receptacle for connection to a transport vehicle, in particular an excavator.
  • the carrier with the receptacle for the connection in such a way that, on the one hand, the entire arrangement can be moved by the transport vehicle, in particular by the excavator, to the desired position, i.e. to the position of the desired blasting and thus of the blast hole or blast hole to be drilled Borehole, can be moved and on the other hand to manipulate the blasting arrangement in such a way that in particular the individual modules can be actuated with the aid of the transport vehicle, in particular the excavator.
  • the transport vehicle does not necessarily have to leave and the blasting arrangement can be actuated in a targeted manner from the transport vehicle or the excavator and here preferably from the driver's cab or from the protected cab.
  • the provision of the protective plate with the recess according to the invention and the positioning of the detonator cap in the recess according to the invention make it possible to reliably protect the actuator of the detonation arrangement and to leave it in the vicinity of the detonation. This results in a very efficient process that can be carried out very quickly. With the method according to the invention and the blasting arrangement according to the invention, it is no longer necessary to leave the vicinity of the detonation, which is necessary in the prior art, which according to the invention leads to an acceleration of the process.
  • a preferred, advantageous blasting arrangement is characterized in that the drilling module, the blasting module and the ignition module are arranged on the carrier in a ring around the recess in the protective plate and above it and can each be conveyed into and out of a working position.
  • the working position of the individual modules does not have to be identical, but can be specifically differentiated.
  • the ring-shaped arrangement of the modules above and around the recess creates a very compact arrangement above the recess and thus above the protective plate, which on the one hand enables the method according to the invention to be carried out and on the other hand ensures reliable protection of the modules during blasting.
  • the blasting module in particular the blasting arrangement as a whole, without electrical drives and to provide only pneumatic, hydraulic and/or mechanical drives for the blasting arrangement, and to introduce the detonating caps into boreholes in the manner according to the invention, so that the detonating caps preferably remain with an overhang above the substrate.
  • the other modules of the blasting arrangement according to the invention in particular the drilling module and/or the transport vehicle, in particular the excavator, are preferably also not provided with electric drives in order to further increase safety, albeit slightly.
  • the carrier or carriers By arranging the carrier or carriers on the protective plate and designing the protective plate as a solid plate, in particular made of steel, it is possible to achieve a very stiff and protected structure for the explosive arrangement, which is characterized by a special degree of protection of the carrier with the devices arranged on it modules. This ensures that the blasting arrangement according to the invention is able to function to a particularly high degree and at least severely limits damage from blasting.
  • the cover of the detonator cap in such a way that its cross-section is larger than the rest of the capsule, which means that the overhang above the ground can be achieved in a particularly simple manner by reducing the diameter of the borehole in accordance with the rest of the capsule diameter is chosen as the lid.
  • the cover thus sits on the surface of the base in the region of its lateral overhang in relation to the rest of the capsule, which is preferably selected in such a way that the cover protrudes at least partially into the recess of the protective plate.
  • the cover thus preferably has a height that corresponds at least to the distance between the surface of the substrate or the upper edge of the borehole and the lower edge or underside of the protective plate or the lower edge of the recess.
  • the shape and the size of the cover or the cross section in the upper region of the detonating cap preferably correspond to the recess.
  • both are chosen with a circular cross-section with a corresponding radius. This creates a particularly simple handling of the explosive arrangement.
  • a particularly preferred blasting arrangement is characterized in that the protective plate is provided on the underside with at least one support, in particular several supports, for resting on the ground.
  • the at least one support or the plurality of supports preferably enclose the recess partially or completely in the form of a ring.
  • This enclosing means on the one hand, that the protective plate is placed reliably on the ground, since unevenness below the plate is less critical with regard to the protective plate resting on it.
  • the borehole is secured by the enclosing supports or the support such that the protection plate acts as a cover and the one or more supports together act as a lateral obstacle to and restrain subsurface components flying horizontally along the underside of the protection plate. A lateral movement out of Explosive material from under the plate is thus clearly impeded, if necessary completely prevented.
  • the supports or supports preferably have a wedge-shaped cross-section, which means that the protective plate with the supports tapering to a point penetrates into the subsoil and thus provides good anchoring in the subsoil and secure positioning of the protective plate. This also ensures according to the invention that the aligned arrangement of the recess to the drill hole is particularly ensured and the introduction of the detonator into the aligned arrangement of recess and drill hole works particularly well.
  • one or more chain elements ie parts of a chain with several links
  • These are preferably arranged in the area around the recess. They ensure that during the blasting, stones and chunks of the subsoil are slowed down and are therefore less likely to get out from under the protective plate and into the vicinity of the protective plate.
  • the drilling module, the explosive module and/or the ignition module it has proven particularly advantageous to design the drilling module, the explosive module and/or the ignition module to be movable in or on the carrier so that the drilling module can be conveyed over the recess in the protective plate and away from it.
  • This conveying path makes it possible to move and secure the modules between a working position and a rest or storage position.
  • the drilling module has proven to be particularly advantageous to provide the drilling module with a drilling depth limiter, which preferably limits the drilling depth to approximately the length of the detonator minus the thickness of the protective plate.
  • the thickness of the protective plate is to be understood as including the height of the potentially present, preferred support or supports. This ensures according to the invention that the drilling module creates a borehole that is suitable for receiving the detonator cap and to ensure that the detonator cap protrudes from the borehole. This is done with a projection that preferably corresponds approximately to the distance between the protective plate and the substrate and therefore also ensures that the detonator, in particular with its cover, protrudes into the recess in the protective plate or that the latter largely protrudes through this recess.
  • the drilling module with a conveying device for removing the drilling waste from the area of the recess.
  • this conveying device With the help of this conveying device, it is possible to reliably remove the drilling dust from the subsoil and thereby make the borehole freely accessible for the detonator, which ensures the functionality of the detonator to a particularly high degree.
  • the drilling debris is also removed next to the borehole or in the area of the borehole, so that this drilling debris, driven by the blast, cannot be moved out through the recess or laterally under the protective plate and can endanger people or other objects in the vicinity.
  • this provision of a hoisting device for removing drilling cuttings proves to be particularly useful from the point of view of safety.
  • a preferred development of the blasting arrangement according to the invention shows a blasting module with a storage area for blasting caps, from which a blasting cap can be removed by means of a blasting cap conveyor device and can be conveyed into the borehole, in particular through the recess in the protective plate.
  • this storage area which in particular has an interchangeable cassette for holding several has removable detonators, it is possible to protect the storage area from damage or unwanted removal of the detonators in the storage area or in the cassette or in the interchangeable cassette for removable detonators by means of partitioning measures, for example an additional closed housing, and thereby To further promote security of the explosive device according to the invention.
  • this makes it possible to prevent damage to the detonating caps in the storage area in the detonating module in a special way.
  • the ignition module of the blasting arrangement is provided with a device for annularly enclosing a detonator capsule which projects into a borehole and completely or partially fills the recess, the device being designed in such a way that, in the encased state, it closes the gap between the protective plate and the Can completely or largely cover detonator in the recess and thus the risk of passage of detonated material through the gap of the recess is further reduced.
  • This can be done by a type of cover that is placed over the detonator in the area of the recess if the detonator does not protrude beyond the recess and thus beyond the protective plate.
  • the device for ring-shaped enclosing is preferably brought up to the blasting cap from the side and the passage of the gap is thereby reduced or, ideally, completely closed.
  • the device for annular enclosing preferably shows several segments that together the enclose the protruding part of the detonator. Alternatively, it has also proven useful to enclose the protruding part of the detonator with a flexible, band-shaped body and thereby to completely or at least largely close the gap.
  • the ignition module has also proven to be particularly advantageous for the ignition module to have resilient contacts for making electrical contact with the ignition contacts on the detonator and/or a device for checking the electrical contact.
  • resilient contacts for electrical contacting for the ignition By providing resilient contacts for electrical contacting for the ignition, a particularly reliable contacting of the detonator and the ignition module can be guaranteed, which is characterized by a large tolerance with regard to the correct positioning and also by a clear tolerance against dirt or corrosion of the contacts. The tolerance is given in particular due to the mobility of the contacts and the associated mechanical cleaning of the resilient electrical contact surfaces.
  • the ignition module has also proven useful to provide the ignition module with a device for checking the electrical contact, which makes it possible, for example based on the electrical properties of the contact, to provide information about the correct electrical contact between the ignition module and the ignition contacts of the detonator. For example, this can be done based on the resistances or the conductivity or also based on temperature measurements or the like or a combination of several measurement parameters.
  • the detonator With the various options for designing a detonator, it has proven particularly useful to provide the detonator with a cup-shaped housing with a lid and ignition contacts arranged thereon for detonating the explosives arranged in the housing.
  • the ignition contacts are preferably circular or ring-shaped and are electrically insulated from one another. By arranging the ignition contacts on the cover and preferably on the cover surface, it is possible to ensure reliable electrical contact with the detonator cap due to the flush arrangement with the recess. This applies in particular when the part of the detonator cap that preferably projects out of the borehole projects into or through the recess in the protective plate in a particularly preferred manner.
  • a contact on the other side, on the underside of the protective plate, is not provided by this particularly preferred design of the detonator. Due to the preferred provision of the ignition contacts on the cover in the form of circular or ring-shaped ignition contacts, it is possible to make the contacting less sensitive and thereby enable more reliable electrical contacting for ignition.
  • the cup-shaped housing and the cover are preferably selected from a rigid material, preferably from a metal or a hard plastic.
  • the explosive arranged in the housing and the filler arranged in the housing in the region of the cover make it possible to realize a detonator cap that is particularly suitable for this explosive arrangement according to the invention and the method according to the invention.
  • the filler shows no explosives and is formed in particular from sand, which is optionally provided with additional air.
  • the explosive arrangement exhibits an explosive effect which is directed less strongly in the direction of the cover with the ignition contacts arranged thereon and thus in the direction of the recess in the protective plate.
  • the blast is primarily directed in a lateral direction or downwards and thus destroys the subsoil, which is a preferred aim of the blasting arrangement according to the invention and is particularly effective.
  • Various inert materials have proven themselves as fillers. Sand or a granulate is used as the preferred material.
  • the detonator with a cup-shaped housing with a lid
  • the additional housing can be dispensed with and reliable ignition and detonation can nevertheless be ensured via ignition wires running from the ignition module to the explosive.
  • the blasting arrangement with the various modules is preferably monitored via a controller, in particular a central controller.
  • the controller monitors the functionality of the ignition module with the detonator or the detonators in particular in the manner of a watchdog monitoring.
  • it has proven itself, in addition or alternatively to provide a video monitoring device that makes it possible to monitor the correct handling of the ignition module or other components, in particular the entire explosive assembly, and/or to monitor the correct functioning of the ignition module or the other modules and thus optionally also the entire explosive assembly for correct functioning.
  • the ignition module can only trigger the blast and the detonator can be ignited in the drill hole with the overlying protective plate. This monitoring in the blasting arrangement itself enables a very universal use of the blasting arrangement.
  • this integrated structure particularly protects the components from damage caused by blasted material, in particular by the protection plate on which the carrier with the various components of the explosive assembly is arranged.
  • the functionality of the explosive device according to the invention is guaranteed in a special way.
  • In 1 is shown in a schematic representation of a vertical section along the diagonal through the explosive device 1 according to the invention.
  • the blasting arrangement 1 for blasting a blasting cap 10 introduced into a borehole 2 shows a protective plate 4 which has a recess 5 in the central region.
  • the recess 5 shows a circular cross section.
  • the protective plate 4 is made of solid steel 4 cm thick and is a rectangular plate.
  • the protective plate 4 is fixed to a support 3 which is fixed in the manner of a cage on the protective plate 4 and which supports various other components of the explosive assembly 1 carry and record in such a way that they can be manipulated, moved and changed according to their function.
  • the drilling module 6 and the ignition module 8 are shown schematically.
  • the two modules 6, 8 can be shifted horizontally into an area above the recess 5 and from this can be shifted back into the original rest position shown. This movement is driven by a hydraulic drive.
  • the protective plate 4 On its underside, the protective plate 4 has a support 19 which is wedge-shaped in cross-section and which enables the explosive arrangement 1 with the protective plate 4 to stand securely on the substrate 21 .
  • the support 19 encloses the recess 5 in the form of a ring with a pronounced spacing, in which the support 19 is arranged in the edge region of the protective plate 4 .
  • FIG. 1 a situation is shown in which the protective plate 4 is arranged with the recess 5 above a borehole 2 in alignment with it.
  • the detonator cap 10 is placed in the borehole 2 , the cover 12 of which rests on the surface of the substrate 21 into which the borehole 2 is placed and prevents the detonator cap 10 from sinking further into the substrate 21 or the borehole 2 .
  • the cover 12 shows a height that is greater than the height of the support 19 increased by the thickness of the protective plate 4. This height of the cover 12 ensures that the detonator 10 with its cover 12 over the borehole 2 or over the upper edge of the borehole 2 and into the recess 5 of the protective plate 4 and in this exemplary case over this protective plate 4 out and protrudes through this recess 5.
  • a small and largely uniform gap 18 remains between the cover 12 and the protective plate 4, which are matched in terms of their shape and size Passing through of material from the underground 21 during the blasting is prevented to a considerable extent, if not completely.
  • the gap 18 is typically less than 1 cm wide.
  • the blasting arrangement 1 was placed on the subsurface 21 and then the drilling module 6 was moved horizontally over the recess 5 into the working position 5a in order to create the borehole 2 there vertically with the aid of a drill.
  • the drill bit of the drilling module 6 is moved through the recess 5 and the borehole 2 is drilled in the subsoil 21 .
  • the drilling module 6 is then moved back to its original rest position.
  • the conveyor device 9 for removing the drill debris is moved to the working position 5a above the recess 5 and, with the aid of compressed air, conveys the drill debris from the borehole 2 and from the area below the protective plate 4 in the area of the recess 5 Borehole 2 created in underground 21.
  • the conveyor device 9 is then moved horizontally back into the rest position and then the blasting module 7 is moved horizontally into the working position 5a above the recess 5.
  • the blasting module 7 shows a storage area for blasting caps, which is an interchangeable cartridge for receiving several removable detonators 10 contains.
  • the detonator caps 10 in the interchangeable cartridge are protected from external undesired influences, in particular from mechanical, electrical or other disruptive influences, as a result of which an unintentional ignition of the detonator caps 10 can be prevented.
  • a detonator cap 10 is removed from this storage area or from the interchangeable cartridge and conveyed vertically through the recess 5 into the borehole 2 until the detonator cap 10 rests with its cover 12 on the edge of the borehole 2 .
  • the housing 11 of the detonator 10 has a thinner diameter than the borehole 2, while the cover 12 of the detonator 10 has a significantly larger diameter than the borehole 2, so that the cover 12 cannot slide into the borehole 2 and thus on the edge of the borehole 2 and thus on the surface of the subsoil 21 is seated.
  • the detonator module 7 is moved horizontally back into the rest position in the detonator arrangement 1.
  • This situation is schematic in 1 shown.
  • the ignition module 8 is then shifted horizontally into the working position 5a above the recess 5 .
  • the cover 12 protrudes through the recess 5 below the ignition module 8 .
  • the ignition contacts 15 on the upper side of the cover 12 are contacted and the detonation of the detonator cap 10 in the borehole 2 is triggered.
  • the illustrated explosive arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to assign the position of the borehole 2 and the recess 5 and the correct introduction of the To realize detonator 10 with the cover 12 through the recess 5 in the borehole 2 very precisely. This ensures particularly defined blasting situations and thus enables a particularly reliable blasting result.
  • the provision of the protective plate 4 with the recess 5, which is essentially closed by the cover 12 of the detonator cap 10, also prevents blasted material of the substrate 21 from being catapulted upwards and the components of the explosive arrangement 1 according to the invention above the protective plate 4 in particular can damage modules 6, 7, 8, 9.
  • the protective plate 4 in conjunction with the largely closed recess 5 also ensures that materials from the ground ejected by the blast cannot overcome the protective plate 4, thereby creating the possibility that people or animals or other objects that are in the area of the blast are at high risk.
  • the cover 12 of the detonator cap 10 is designed in such a way that it is not destroyed by the explosion, rather it is retained and continues to close the recess 5 until it is released and removed from it.
  • the blasting arrangement 1 according to the invention is then moved to a different position, this being done in such a way that the recess is created above the desired position of the blasting, i.e. above the desired drill hole 2 to be produced for receiving the blasting cap 10 according to the blasting method according to the invention.
  • In 2 is a diagrammatic cross-section of the position of the drilling module 6, the blasting module 7, the ignition module 8 and the conveying device 9 for removing the drilling debris above the protective plate 4 within the Carrier 3 shown.
  • the horizontal displacement paths from the rest position to the working position 5a above the recess 5, which is positioned above the planned, provided borehole 2, can be seen with the aid of the double arrows.
  • the protective plate 4 protrudes beyond the base of the carrier 3, which encloses the other components of the explosive arrangement according to the invention, in particular the various modules 6, 7, 8, 9, like a cage.
  • the base plate 4 is designed in such a way that it is larger than the underground blasting area, ie the area of the subsoil 21 that is loosened by the blasting.
  • the carrier 3 is provided with a socket 20 for connection to an excavator.
  • a connection to an excavator can be created with the aid of the receptacle 20, by means of which the blasting arrangement 1 can be conveyed and transported with the aid of the excavator to the desired locations at which blasting is intended.
  • the blasting module 7 is also connected and supplied via the receptacle 20 to the hydraulic circuit of the excavator for operating the drives of the various modules. This connection makes it possible for the entire blasting arrangement 1 to be moved exclusively via hydraulic drives and not via electrical drives.
  • the drilling module 6 is moved via a hydraulic drilling drive and the detonator caps 10 are removed from the storage area for detonator caps 10 and conveyed in order to convey them through the recess 5 into the borehole 2 that has been produced.
  • the detonator caps 10 are removed from the storage area for detonator caps 10 and conveyed in order to convey them through the recess 5 into the borehole 2 that has been produced.
  • an exemplary detonator 10 is shown in a longitudinal section.
  • the detonator 10 shows a cup-shaped housing 11 made of aluminum and a lid 12 which closes the cup-shaped housing 11.
  • the explosive 16 is arranged in the housing 11 in the area of the bottom.
  • a filler 17 is introduced into the housing 11 above the explosive 16 .
  • the filler 17 essentially consists of quartz sand.
  • Above the filler 17 is an air volume that is closed off vertically by the cover 12 .
  • the cover 12 On its upper side, which faces away from the housing 11, the cover 12 has a central ignition contact 15 and an annular second ignition contact 15 which encloses this central ignition contact 15 and is at a distance therefrom and is electrically insulated.
  • the ignition contacts 15 are connected to the explosive 16 via ignition lines (not shown) and the explosive 16 can be detonated by applying an ignition voltage.
  • the layered arrangement of explosive 16 and filler 17 with the overlying volume of air makes it possible to dampen the explosive effect in the direction of the cover 12 and thereby direct the primary explosive effect downwards in the direction of the bottom or laterally to the side of the housing 11 . This leads to a special effective blasting of the subsoil 21 in the area of the borehole 2 filled with the detonator cap 10.
  • the dimensions of the detonator cap 10 are selected such that the housing 11 and the cover 12 each have a circular cross section, whereas the housing 11 has a smaller diameter than the cover 12.
  • the resulting lateral overhang 13 of the cover 12 prevents this according to the invention that the detonator 10 can sink completely into the borehole 2 when it is introduced, since the borehole 2 into which the detonator cap 10 is to be introduced is selected to be larger in diameter than the diameter of the housing 11 but smaller than the cover 12 .
  • the cover 12 comes to rest on the surface of the substrate 21 or on the upper edge of the borehole 2 and further penetration of the detonator cap 10 into the borehole 2 is prevented.
  • a defined positioning of the explosive 16 and thus the center of the explosive effect in the subsoil 21 is defined in a particularly reliable manner, which leads to a particularly reliable detonation.
  • the height of the cover 12 is selected such that it is at least equal to the distance between the lower edge of the recess 5 and the surface of the substrate 21 and thus to the upper edge of the borehole 2 .
  • the thickness of the lid 12 is chosen so that it is slightly larger than the sum of the above distance, which corresponds to the height of the support 19, and the thickness of the protective plate 4. This ensures that the top of the lid 12 with the Ignition contacts 15 protrudes vertically over the recess 5 or over the protective plate 4 and thereby a very simple and reliable ignition over the easily accessible Ignition contacts 15 using the ignition module 8 can be achieved.
  • the cover 12 also has a diameter and a shape that is larger than the borehole 2 and also corresponds to the recess 5 in the protective plate 4, the diameter being selected to be slightly smaller than the diameter of the recess 5, in particular about 1 cm smaller. Both the recess 5 and the cover 12 show a circular cross-section. This design enables the cover 12 of the detonator cap 10 to be introduced and protruded through the protective plate 4 or through the recess 5 in a particularly reliable manner.
  • the gap, ie the distance between the cover 12 and the edge of the recess 5 or the protective plate 4 is so small that the risk of rock fragments of the subsoil 21 produced by the blasting passing through is very small.
  • the cover 12 is preferably formed from an electrically insulating plastic, in particular from a material with the designation PE1000, which is a polyethylene. This proves to be very stable with regard to the mechanical stress caused by detonations, but also as a good insulator, which enables the explosive 16 to be reliably detonated via the detonation contacts 15 .
  • PE1000 electrically insulating plastic
  • This aspects of the described, exemplary detonator 10 allow just in Cooperation with the in 2 or 1 explosive arrangement shown a particularly safe demolition.
  • a protective plate 4 with a recess 5 is applied to the substrate 21 in such a way that the recess 5 comes to lie above the desired position of the borehole 2 and thus the position of the blasting.
  • a hole 2 is then drilled below the recess 5 with the aid of a drilling device, which is formed, for example, by the drilling module 6, with the drill bit of the drilling module 6 being guided through the recess 5 and thereby positioning the drilled hole 2 in a targeted manner in such a way that the drilled hole 2 aligned with the recess 5.
  • the borehole 2 can be cleared of the drilling debris before the detonator cap 10 is introduced into the borehole.
  • the detonator 10 protrudes with its upper end due to the alignment of the borehole 2 with the recess 5 also through the recess 5, which means that the Detonator through the protective plate 4 is accompanied.
  • the detonator 10 After the detonator 10 has been introduced with the vertical overhang 14, it is ignited in this position by the on top of the detonator 10 arranged ignition contacts 15 are acted upon by the ignition voltage.
  • This sequence of steps makes it possible to ensure a very safe process for preparing and carrying out the blasting, which enables the blasting according to the invention to be essentially focused on the subsoil 21 and rocks to be ejected from the subsoil 21 in the vertical direction in particular from the immediate vicinity of the borehole 2 is prevented according to the invention by the protective plate 4 in connection with the closed recess 5 or is at least restricted to a large extent. This results in a very low-risk blasting with a very efficient blasting effect in the underground 21 .
  • these method steps are repeated cyclically, with the blasting arrangement 1 being moved according to the new, desired position of the blasting and then the protective plate 4 being positioned accordingly and the further steps being repeated step by step.
  • a large number of blasts can thus be carried out one after the other, so that a larger area of the subsoil 21 can be blasted step by step in a safe and defined manner.
  • This repeated, step-by-step implementation of the method with an offset makes it possible to blast a larger structure in layers or in layers, in particular evenly, which significantly simplifies the removal of the blasted material.
  • the method reduces the need for explosives and the blasting can be carried out not only more safely but also faster.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Agencement de dynamitage (1) pour le dynamitage d'un détonateur (10) introduit dans un trou de forage (2), avec un support (3), avec une plaque de protection (4) agencée sur le support (3) avec un évidement (5), avec un module de forage (6) agencé sur le support (3), qui est prévu pour pratiquer un trou de forage (2) à travers l'évidement (5) dans le sous-sol (21), avec un module de dynamitage (7) agencé sur le support (3), qui est prévu pour introduire un détonateur (10) à travers l'évidement (5) dans un trou de forage (2), avec un module d'allumage (8) agencé sur le support (3), qui est prévu pour allumer un détonateur (10) agencé dans le trou de forage (2) et pénétrant dans l'évidement (5) de la plaque de protection (4), avec un détonateur (10), le détonateur (10) présentant un couvercle (12) fermant l'évidement (5) de la plaque de protection (4), le module de dynamitage (7) étant configuré de telle sorte qu'il introduit le détonateur (10) dans le trou de forage (2) de telle sorte qu'il ferme l'évidement (5) de la plaque de protection (4) .
  2. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le module de dynamitage (7) est configuré et prévu pour introduire le détonateur (10) dans un trou de forage (2) avec une saillie (14) au-dessus du sous-sol (21).
  3. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le support (3) est muni d'un logement (20) pour la liaison à un véhicule de transport, notamment une excavatrice, et l'agencement de dynamitage (1) peut être transporté et/ou manipulé par le véhicule de transport, notamment l'excavatrice.
  4. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le module de forage (6), le module de dynamitage (7) et le module d'allumage (8) sont agencés sur le support (3) de manière annulaire autour de l'évidement (5) de la plaque de protection (4) au-dessus de l'évidement (5) et peuvent être transportés dans une position de travail respective et en être retirés.
  5. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le module de dynamitage (7), notamment l'agencement de dynamitage (1), ne présente pas d'entraînements électriques, et des entraînements pneumatiques, hydrauliques et/ou mécaniques sont exclusivement prévus.
  6. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le support (3) est agencé sur la plaque de protection (4) et la plaque de protection est configurée sous forme massive, notamment en acier.
  7. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (5) dans la plaque de protection (4) est choisi de telle sorte que l'évidement (5), notamment en ce qui concerne la forme et/ou la taille, correspond à la section transversale du détonateur (10) et/ou du couvercle (12) du détonateur (10) et notamment le couvercle (12) du détonateur (10) peut être reçu par l'évidement (5).
  8. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de protection (4) est munie sur le côté inférieur d'au moins un soutien (19) pour l'appui sur le sous-sol (21), l'au moins un soutien (19) étant notamment configuré pour entourer partiellement ou totalement l'évidement (5) sous forme annulaire.
  9. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de protection (4) est munie sur le côté inférieur de plusieurs éléments de chaîne qui forment un rideau de chaînes entourant au moins partiellement l'évidement (5).
  10. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le module de forage (6) et/ou le module de dynamitage (7) et/ou le module d'allumage (8) sont configurés de manière à pouvoir être déplacés dans ou sur le support (3) de telle sorte que le ou les modules (6, 7, 8) peuvent être transportés au-dessus de l'évidement (5) dans la plaque de protection (4) et à distance de celui-ci.
  11. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le module de forage (6) est muni d'une limitation de la profondeur de forage qui limite la profondeur de forage approximativement à la longueur du détonateur (10) moins la distance de la plaque de protection (4) par rapport au sous-sol (21).
  12. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement de dynamitage (1) et/ou notamment le module de forage (6) est muni d'un dispositif de transport (9) pour éliminer le matériau d'excavation de forage de la zone de l'évidement (5).
  13. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le module de dynamitage (7) présente une zone de réserve pour des détonateurs (10), à partir de laquelle un détonateur (10) peut être prélevé au moyen d'un dispositif de transport de détonateurs et être transporté dans le trou de forage (2), notamment à travers l'évidement (5) dans la plaque de protection (4).
  14. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la zone de réserve présente une cassette, notamment une cassette interchangeable, pour recevoir plusieurs détonateurs (10) pouvant être prélevés.
  15. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le module d'allumage (8) présente un dispositif pour entourer sous forme annulaire un détonateur (10) remplissant entièrement ou partiellement l'évidement (5) dans un trou de forage (2), et le dispositif est ainsi adapté pour recouvrir au moins partiellement une fente (18) entre la plaque de protection (4) et le détonateur (10).
  16. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le module d'allumage (8) présente des contacts élastiques pour la mise en contact électrique des contacts d'allumage (9) avec le détonateur (10) et/ou un dispositif de vérification des mises en contact électriques.
  17. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16 précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un détonateur (10) présente un boîtier (11) en forme de godet avec un couvercle (12) et des contacts d'allumage (9) agencés sur celui-ci pour l'allumage de l'explosif (16) agencé dans le boîtier, les contacts d'allumage (9) étant notamment configurés sous forme circulaire ou annulaire et étant isolés électriquement les uns des autres.
  18. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17 précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un détonateur (10) présente un boîtier (11) en forme de godet avec un couvercle (12) et des contacts d'allumage (9) agencés sur celui-ci pour l'allumage de l'explosif (16) agencé dans la zone du fond du boîtier (11), aucun d'explosif n'étant agencé dans la zone du couvercle (12) dans le boîtier (11), mais un agent de remplissage (17), notamment du sable et notamment en outre de l'air.
  19. Agencement de dynamitage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18 précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement de dynamitage (1) présente une commande qui surveille l'aptitude au fonctionnement du module d'allumage (8) avec le détonateur (10), notamment à la manière d'une surveillance par chien de garde, et/ou un dispositif de surveillance vidéo pour surveiller le fonctionnement et/ou la manipulation corrects de l'agencement de dynamitage (1).
  20. Procédé de dynamitage avec un agencement de dynamitage selon la revendication 1, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - le forage d'un trou (2) dans le sous-sol,
    - la mise en place de la plaque de protection (4) avec l'évidement (5) sur le sous-sol (21),
    - la vérification de l'agencement aligné de l'évidement (5) au-dessus du trou de forage (2),
    - l'introduction du détonateur (10) dans le trou de forage (2) avec une saillie (14) au-dessus du bord supérieur du trou de forage (2),
    - l'allumage du détonateur (10) agencé dans le trou de forage (2) et faisant saillie dans ou à travers l'évidement (5) de la plaque de protection (4).
  21. Procédé de dynamitage selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que les étapes suivantes sont effectuées successivement :
    - la mise en place de la plaque de protection (4) avec l'évidement (5) sur le sous-sol (21), l'évidement (5) étant positionné au-dessus de la position prévue du trou de forage (2),
    - le forage du trou de forage (2) dans le sous-sol (21) à la position prévue,
    - l'introduction du détonateur (10) dans le trou de forage (2) avec une saillie (14) au-dessus du bord supérieur du trou de forage (2), le détonateur (10) faisant saillie dans ou à travers l'évidement (5) de la plaque de protection (4),
    - l'allumage du détonateur (10) agencé dans le trou de forage (2) et faisant saillie dans ou à travers l'évidement (5) de la plaque de protection (4).
  22. Procédé de dynamitage selon la revendication 20 ou 21, caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'allumage, des éléments d'allumage agencé sur une plaque sont mis en place sur les contacts d'allumage (15) sur le couvercle (12) du détonateur (10) pour former un contact électrique pour l'allumage ultérieur.
EP17832035.4A 2016-12-22 2017-12-22 Système d'abattage à l'explosif Active EP3559590B1 (fr)

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DE102016125497.5A DE102016125497B4 (de) 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Sprengsystem
PCT/DE2017/101103 WO2018113851A1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2017-12-22 Système d'abattage à l'explosif

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EP3559590B1 true EP3559590B1 (fr) 2023-03-22

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108775838A (zh) * 2018-08-16 2018-11-09 贵州大学 一种方便移动的工程爆破用全面防护装置
CN110284866B (zh) * 2019-07-23 2024-02-09 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种页岩压裂装置及方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU7174274A (en) * 1974-07-29 1976-01-29 Nitro Nobel Ab Blastings in rock formation 014
US4165690A (en) * 1976-12-17 1979-08-28 Rock Fall Company Limited Drill units for drilling and charge laying operations and method of carrying out the operations
DE7702287U1 (de) * 1977-01-27 1979-01-11 Sobbe, Friedrich-Wilhelm, Dipl.-Kfm., 4600 Dortmund Sprengkapsel mit zuendschnur
ZW20981A1 (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-04-21 Aeci Ltd Method of blasting and blasting installation
DE3207121C2 (de) * 1982-02-19 1986-08-07 Wilhelm 4330 Mülheim Leppak Ladesystem und Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Sprengladung in ein Bohrloch
DE3328550A1 (de) * 1982-11-13 1984-05-17 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum brechen von hartem kompaktem material und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE4136096C1 (en) * 1991-11-02 1992-12-17 Edwin Deutgen Kunststofftechnik Gmbh, 3102 Hermannsburg, De Device for placing explosive charge on bottom of vertical borehole, etc. - includes casing with bottom end connected to blasting cartridge with outer dia. smaller than bore of drill pipe, etc.
DE10124936A1 (de) * 2000-05-23 2001-11-29 Halliburton Energy Serv Inc Bohrloch-Sprengwerkzeug und Verfahren

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DE102016125497A1 (de) 2018-06-28
DE102016125497B4 (de) 2021-03-18
WO2018113851A1 (fr) 2018-06-28

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