EP3558537B1 - Elektrofilter - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3558537B1
EP3558537B1 EP18700137.5A EP18700137A EP3558537B1 EP 3558537 B1 EP3558537 B1 EP 3558537B1 EP 18700137 A EP18700137 A EP 18700137A EP 3558537 B1 EP3558537 B1 EP 3558537B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
power supply
stage
ionization
current
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Active
Application number
EP18700137.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3558537C0 (de
EP3558537A1 (de
Inventor
Kaspar Schindler
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Clean Air Enterprise AG
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Clean Air Enterprise AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3558537C0 publication Critical patent/EP3558537C0/de
Publication of EP3558537B1 publication Critical patent/EP3558537B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/72—Emergency control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/812—Electrons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/30—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by ionisation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator that is designed for use in a building ventilation system.
  • Electrostatic filters are used, for example, to filter out particles contained in a gas or air flow.
  • electrostatic precipitators can be used in air handling units, air conditioners and air conditioning systems, they have not caught on in the ventilation industry. Bag filters are still used in the ventilation industry, especially in building ventilation systems.
  • Electrostatic filters work with corona discharge and electrostatic fields. They contain an ionization stage and a collector stage, as well as a high-voltage power supply to operate the same. Dust particles, aerosols, etc. flowing into the electrostatic precipitator with the air are electrostatically charged in the ionization stage and then separated on the electrode surfaces of the collector stage.
  • the high voltage power supply must supply both a DC high voltage for the generation of the corona discharge in the ionization stage and a smaller DC high voltage for the generation of a strong electrostatic field in the collector stage.
  • DC high voltages are typically generated by a cascade of voltage doublers, the voltage at the output of the last voltage doubler being fed to the ionization stage and the voltage at the output of one of the upstream voltage doublers being fed to the collector stage.
  • the DC high voltage for the collector stage is therefore half as large as or even less than the DC high voltage for the ionization stage.
  • an electrostatic precipitator For use in an existing building ventilation system, an electrostatic precipitator must meet various requirements. These include, for example, specified dimensions so that the electrostatic precipitator can replace a pocket filter, specified air volume flows and a specified filter separation efficiency.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for cleaning an air flow which has an ionization stage with plate-shaped electrodes and electrodes arranged between them and consisting of a wire.
  • the wire-shaped electrodes Compared to the first electrodes, the wire-shaped electrodes have a strongly curved surface and generate a very strong electric field in their immediate vicinity, as a result of which air molecules are ionized.
  • the electrostatic precipitator further includes a collector stage to separate the ionized particles.
  • a high-voltage generator applies independent high voltages to the ionization stage and the collector stage.
  • a current sensor measures the current flowing to the wire-shaped electrodes. The output signal from the current sensor is fed to a controller that regulates the ionization voltage in such a way that the current does not exceed a specified limit value. The limit is chosen so that the ionization voltage is less than the breakdown voltage.
  • JP H06143998 as well as in the JP 2007-225246 A describes an air purification device that includes an electrostatic precipitator with an ionization stage and a collector stage.
  • a current sensor measures the current flowing back to earth from the ionization stage.
  • the ESP contains a high-voltage generator for the ionization stage and a high-voltage generator for the collector stage.
  • the voltage applied to the ionization stage is adjusted by a voltage regulator in such a way that the measured current has a predetermined value or is within a range defined by two limit values.
  • the control electronics comprises two current sensors, which are arranged in the forward and return line to/from the ionization stage, and a voltage regulator, which forms the difference between the two measured currents and increases the voltage applied to the ionization stage according to the measured difference value within a predetermined band or lowers. In this way, energy can be saved when there is little dust to be filtered out of the air.
  • the object of the invention is to develop an electrostatic precipitator for building ventilation systems, which should achieve filter separation efficiency E10 with an air volume flow of 3400 m 3 /h based on the standard size (W/H/D) 592 mm x 592 mm x 300 mm.
  • the invention relates to the power pack and the control electronics of such an electrostatic precipitator, the design of which is based on the following findings:
  • the current flowing through the ionization stage is an important indicator of the reliability of the ionization of the particles to be filtered out. If no current or too little current flows through the ionization stage despite the presence of high DC voltage, then no ionization or insufficient ionization takes place. As a result, the electrostatic precipitator no longer cleans the air or only cleans it insufficiently.
  • the DC high voltage applied to the collector stage must be increased to values in the range of 5.5 to 6 kV so that the required filter separation efficiency E10 can be achieved.
  • the current is in the range of a few microamperes at most.
  • a threshold value which is slightly above 5 kV in the present electrostatic precipitator, increases the current increases and reaches values in the milliampere range relatively quickly.
  • a high-voltage power supply of the type described above in which there is a cascade of voltage doublers at which both the dc high voltage for the ionization stage and the dc high voltage for the collector stage are tapped, loses control over the dc high voltage applied to the ionization stage when the through the collector stage current flowing is in the milliampere range. This means that the DC high voltage for the ionization stage is then no longer stable.
  • a specific object of the invention is therefore to develop an energy supply and control electronics for the operation of the electrostatic precipitator that take these findings into account.
  • the electrostatic precipitator should generate as little ozone as possible and consume little energy.
  • the power pack which provides the power supply for the control electronics, the ionization stage and the collector stage with voltages other than the voltage provided by the mains, comprises a first high-voltage power supply unit for supplying the ionization stage with a first high direct voltage and a second high-voltage power supply unit for supplying the collector stage with a second high direct voltage .
  • This enables the collector stage to be operated with a DC high voltage at which a current in the milliammeter range can flow without the DC high voltage of the ionization stage becoming unstable.
  • the first high-voltage power supply also includes a current sensor and a voltage regulator, with the current sensor measuring the ionization current flowing through the ionization stage and the voltage regulator ensuring that the first high-voltage DC is set in such a way that the measured ionization current reaches a predetermined value.
  • the ionization stage is thus operated in a current-controlled manner, i.e. the ionization stage is supplied with a definable direct current.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is grounded, i.e. it has a terminal which can be connected to earth, and the ionisation stage and the collector stage contain electrodes which are connected to the terminal which can be connected to earth.
  • the two high-voltage power supplies are galvanically isolated on the input side from both the mains connection (and thus from earth) and from each other. This is done by galvanic isolators.
  • the 1 shows a block diagram of a power pack according to the invention for the energy supply of the high-voltage stages and the control electronics 1 of an electrostatic precipitator 2 according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 2 comprises an ionization stage 3 and, in this example, a single collector stage 4.
  • the power supply preferably comprises a power supply unit for the energy supply of the ionization stage 3 and the collector stage 4 and a separate control power supply unit for the energy supply of the control electronics 1.
  • the power supply unit therefore includes a total of two low-voltage power supplies 5 and 6 and two high-voltage power supplies 7 and 8.
  • the power supply unit comprises the first low-voltage power supply unit 5, which converts the mains AC voltage present at the mains connection 9 into a low-voltage direct current, for example into a direct voltage of 24 V, and two high-voltage feed units 7, 8 connected to it.
  • the first high-voltage feed unit 7 is used to supply the ionization stage 3 with it a first high direct voltage and the second high-voltage power supply unit 8 is used to supply the collector stage 4 with a second high direct voltage.
  • the control power supply includes the second low-voltage power supply 6, which also converts the mains voltage present at the mains connection 10 into a low-voltage direct voltage, for example into a direct voltage of 12 V.
  • the separate supply of the control electronics 1 and the power electronics of the electrostatic precipitator 2 enables display elements of the control electronics 1 that provide information about the status of the electrostatic precipitator 2, such as LEDs, to also light up when the power electronics are disconnected from the mains. Testing and maintenance work on the control electronics 1 as well as on the electrostatic precipitator 2 can be carried out at any time without endangering the operator when the power supply to the control electronics 1 is switched on.
  • the ionization stage 3 and the collector stage 4 of the electrostatic precipitator 2 contain electrodes, usually plate-shaped electrodes, which are grounded.
  • the two low-voltage power supplies 5 and 6 each contain a galvanic isolator 14 or 15, which galvanically separates the output side from the input side. They are, for example, transformer power supplies whose transformer is a galvanic isolator.
  • the two high-voltage power supplies 7, 8 are thus electrically isolated from the mains connection 9 and 10, respectively.
  • the high-voltage power supplies 7, 8 contain a voltage regulator 11 or 12 and a downstream voltage amplifier 13 for generating the first or second direct high voltage.
  • the voltage amplifier 13 consists, for example, of a cascade of voltage doublers.
  • the operation of the ionization stage 3 is current-controlled, ie the first DC high voltage generated by the first high-voltage power supply 7 is set such that the ionization current (direct current) flowing through the ionization stage 3 assumes a predetermined value.
  • the first high-voltage power supply 7 comprises a current sensor which measures the ionization current flowing through the ionization stage 3 and whose output signal is fed to the voltage regulator 11 .
  • the voltage regulator 11 regulates the DC voltage delivered to the subsequent voltage amplifier 13 in such a way that the first high DC voltage is adjusted in such a way that the measured ionization current assumes the specified value.
  • the ionization current can either be measured in the supply line, in which it flows from the first high-voltage power supply 7 to the ionization electrode of the ionization stage 3 (this alternative is not covered by the claimed invention), or according to the invention in the return line, in which the ionization current flows from earth (there the corresponding electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator 2 are grounded) to the high-voltage power supply 7 flows back. Since the ionization electrode is subjected to a very high direct high voltage of several kilovolts, the measurement of the ionization current in the return line according to the invention is much simpler.
  • the return lines from the grounded connection of the electrostatic precipitator 2 to the two high-voltage power supplies 7 and 8 initially run together and then branch off.
  • the ionization current flowing back to the first high-voltage power supply 7 can be measured using a shunt 16 (ohmic resistance) which is fitted in the first high-voltage power supply 7 in the return line after the branch.
  • the voltage drop across the shunt 16 is measured and supplied as a current value to the voltage regulator 11, which compares the measured current value with a predetermined desired value and uses this to form the control voltage for the downstream voltage amplifier.
  • the circuit for the ionization current is "floating", ie there must be no other current path on which the current can flow from earth to the ionization electrode of ionization stage 3.
  • the first high-voltage power supply 7 is galvanically isolated both from the two mains connections 9 and 10 (because the outputs of the two low-voltage power supplies 5 and 6 are galvanically isolated from the mains connection 9 and 10) and from the second high-voltage power supply 8.
  • the galvanic isolation of the two high-voltage power supplies 7 and 8 is provided by a galvanic isolator 17.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 2 is preferably controlled in a performance-dependent manner.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 2 is specified for a certain degree of filter separation, for example the degree of filter separation E10, and for a maximum air flow rate at which the specified degree of filter separation is still achieved.
  • the lower the air volume flow the lower the flow rate of the air and the longer the dwell time of the ionized particles in the electrostatic precipitator 2.
  • the second DC high voltage applied to the collector stage 4 generates an electric field strength in the collector stage 4, which acts as an electric force on the ionized particles Particles acts and accelerates them and thus causes the ionized particles to be deposited on the electrodes.
  • the control electronics are therefore preferably set up to set the second direct high voltage to be applied to the collector stage 4 in accordance with the actual air volume flow.
  • the ionization current can also be reduced if the air volume flow decreases.
  • the control electronics are therefore preferably also set up to set the ionization current in accordance with the actual air volume flow.
  • the control electronics contain a control input for receiving one or more control signals and means (hardware and/or software) for adjusting the ionization current and the second direct high voltage according to the control signal or signals.
  • the second high-voltage power supply 8 also advantageously includes a second current sensor, also in the form of a shunt 18, which measures the collector current (a direct current) flowing through the collector stage 4, and the control electronics 1 are set up to display or emit an alarm signal or error signal if the measured collector current exceeds a predetermined maximum current.
  • a second current sensor also in the form of a shunt 18, which measures the collector current (a direct current) flowing through the collector stage 4, and the control electronics 1 are set up to display or emit an alarm signal or error signal if the measured collector current exceeds a predetermined maximum current.
  • the 2 shows a block diagram of a power pack according to the invention for the energy supply of the high-voltage power supplies 7 and 8 and the control electronics 1 of an electrostatic precipitator 2 according to a second embodiment.
  • the power supply unit here includes two low-voltage power supply units 5 and 5B, each of which contains a galvanic isolating element 14 or isolating element 14B.
  • the high-voltage power supplies 7 and 8 are galvanically isolated both from the mains and from one another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
EP18700137.5A 2017-01-30 2018-01-03 Elektrofilter Active EP3558537B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00098/17A CH713394A1 (de) 2017-01-30 2017-01-30 Elektrofilter.
PCT/EP2018/050093 WO2018137899A1 (de) 2017-01-30 2018-01-03 Elektrofilter

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3558537A1 EP3558537A1 (de) 2019-10-30
EP3558537C0 EP3558537C0 (de) 2023-08-23
EP3558537B1 true EP3558537B1 (de) 2023-08-23

Family

ID=60943022

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18700137.5A Active EP3558537B1 (de) 2017-01-30 2018-01-03 Elektrofilter

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US11311888B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP3558537B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP7090345B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR102452741B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN110248737B (ru)
AU (1) AU2018212329B2 (ru)
BR (1) BR112019015750B1 (ru)
CA (1) CA3051625C (ru)
CH (1) CH713394A1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2747395C2 (ru)
SG (1) SG11201906650UA (ru)
WO (1) WO2018137899A1 (ru)

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DE102019123885A1 (de) * 2019-09-05 2021-03-11 ionair AG Einrichtung zur Luftbehandlung wenigstens eines Raumes
CN111649968B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2022-03-15 山西晋浙环保科技有限公司 一种用于对电除尘器进行冷态升压试验的方法
WO2021230857A1 (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 Air Quality Engineering, Inc. Electrostatic precipitation air cleaning system

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EP3558537C0 (de) 2023-08-23
BR112019015750A2 (pt) 2020-03-17
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CN110248737A (zh) 2019-09-17
AU2018212329A1 (en) 2019-07-25
AU2018212329B2 (en) 2022-07-07
RU2019122164A (ru) 2021-03-01
KR20190108584A (ko) 2019-09-24
SG11201906650UA (en) 2019-08-27
RU2747395C2 (ru) 2021-05-04
US20200009578A1 (en) 2020-01-09
JP2020505214A (ja) 2020-02-20
KR102452741B1 (ko) 2022-10-07
CN110248737B (zh) 2021-01-26
EP3558537A1 (de) 2019-10-30
RU2019122164A3 (ru) 2021-03-15
JP7090345B2 (ja) 2022-06-24
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